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The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an attractive tumor treatment modality, yet the facile design of photoimmunotheranostic agents with efficient near infrared (NIR) light‐absorbing and immune‐activating capabilities remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we developed a NIR‐activable organic charge transfer complex (CTC), with perylene (PER) as the electron donor and 4,5,9,10‐tetrabromoisochromeno [6,5,4‐def]isochromene‐1,3,6,8‐tetraone (Br4NDI) as the electron acceptor. Through further supramolecular assembly, the PER‐Br4NDI nanoparticle (PBND NP) for spatiotemporally controlled photoimmunotherapy was constructed. The PBND NP exhibits superb NIR absorption, robust intermolecular charge transfer, and enhanced intersystem crossing. Upon NIR photoirradiation, the PBND NP effectively exerts photothermal and photodynamic effects with a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of 63.5 % and a high reactive oxygen species generation capability, which not only directly ablates primary tumors, but also dramatically suppresses distant tumor growth via promoted immunogenic cell death. Moreover, programmed cell death protein 1 antibody acts synergistically to block immune evasion and ultimately enhances cancer treatment efficacy. This work therefore sheds light on the design of organic CTCs for synergistic photoimmunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nano‐immunomodulator (R‐NPT NP) comprising a tumor microenvironment (TME) activable resiquimod (R848) and a π‐extended NIR‐absorbing naphthophenanthrolinetetraone (NPT) has been engineered for spatiotemporal controlled photothermal immunotherapy. R‐NPT NP demonstrated excellent photostability, while R848 promoted synergistic immunity as a toll‐like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist. Upon accumulation at the tumor site, R‐NPT NP released R848 in response to redox metabolite glutathione (GSH), triggering dendritic cell (DC) activation. The photothermal effect endowed by R‐NPT NP can ablate tumors directly and trigger immunogenic cell death to augment immunity after photoirradiation. The synergistic effect of GSH‐liable TLR7/8 agonist and released immunogenic factors leads to a robust evocation of systematic immunity through promoted DC maturation and T cell infiltration. Thus, R‐NPT NP with photoirradiation achieved 99.3 % and 98.2 % growth inhibition against primary and distal tumors, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real‐time monitoring of the evolution of bacterial infection‐associated multiple radical species is critical to accurately profile the pathogenesis and host‐defense mechanisms. Here, we present a unique dual wavelength near‐infrared (NIR) cyanine‐dyad molecular probe (HCy5‐Cy7) for simultaneous monitoring of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) variations both in vitro and in vivo. HCy5‐Cy7 specifically turns on its fluorescence at 660 nm via superoxide or hydroxyl radical (O2.−,.OH)‐mediated oxidation of reduced HCy5 moiety to Cy5, while peroxynitrite or hypochlorous species (ONOO−, ClO−)‐induced Cy7 structural degradation causes the emission turn‐off at 800 nm. Such multispectral but reverse signal responses allow multiplex manifestation of in situ oxidative and nitrosative stress events during the pathogenic and defensive processes in both bacteria‐infected macrophage cells and living mice. Most importantly, this study may also provide new perspectives for understanding the bacterial pathogenesis and advancing the precision medicine against infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen‐doped carbon‐based materials including nanocarbons, graphene, and conductive polymers are impressive as supercapacitor electrodes. However, ultrahigh nitrogen contents, micropore dominated, and morphology evolving carbonaceous electrodes have not achieved until now which are crucial for supercapacitor. Herein, we prepare a novel fumaronitrile (FUM) derived covalent triazine framework (FUM‐CTF) and activated it by using KOH at different temperatures to obtain the corresponding carbon materials, which were used as supercapacitor electrode materials. Specially, the FUM‐700 (sample activated at 700 °C) possesses an excellent specific capacitance of 400 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and considerable energy density over 18 Wh kg−1 in KOH (6 m) aqueous electrolyte. In addition, this electrode shows 260 F g−1 at a current density of 20 A g−1 for charge/discharge operation. Furthermore, the FUM‐700 electrode demonstrates extraordinary electrochemical stability with 97 % retention after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Ultrahigh nitrogen contents, the microporous structure, and the inner nanoparticle morphology work in concert to contribute to the superior electrochemical performance of FUM‐700. Our work might give some hints to help design other high‐performance nitrogen‐containing supercapacitor electrode materials. Carbon for capacitors: Covalent triazine framework derived carbon materials delivered outstanding energy storage performance owing to their ultrahigh content nitrogen contents, microporous nature, and morphology evolution properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study which described the synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire network plates with both average length and width in tens of micrometers in an aqueous solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and nitric acid (HNO3) by chemical oxidative polymerization techniques. A review of the related literature is given. Findings suggest that HNO3 possibly plays a key function in forming PPy plates.

Recently, electroactive biomass‐based hydrogels have attracted great attention for flexible supercapacitor electrodes due to its porous, renewable, earth‐abundant, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly characters. However, it is challenging to facilely prepare biomass‐based hydrogels with simultaneously possesses high mechanical strength and excellent electrochemical performance. In this work, the lignosulfonate/polypyrrole (Lig/PPy) hydrogel (LP54) is obtained. In order to further improve the mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of LP54, functionalized porous carbon nanospheres/lignosulfonate/polypyrrole hydrogel (FPCSLP54) is prepared by introducing a trace of FPCS (≈4.5 wt%) fabricated by hydrothermal treatment the mixture of PCS and pyrrole into the prepared LP54 system. FPCS can be uniformly anchored into Lig/PPy framework. The LP54 and FPCSLP54 exhibit compressive strength of 6.0 and 9.3 kPa with the water content of 94.9% and 94.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, as‐prepared LP54 and FPCSLP54 are separately assembled into symmetric flexible supercapacitors with cellulose/H2SO4 hydrogel electrolytes, which exhibit superior areal capacitance (463 and 522 mF cm−2), good rate capability and outstanding energy density (41.2 and 72.5 µWh cm−2). Remarkably, flexible supercapacitors present outstanding electrochemical stability even suffering 1000 bending cycles. In this work, the strategy to construct electroactive biomass‐based hydrogels is contributed and a new method to enhance the properties of hydrogels is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that aims to analyze structural ore-controlling regularities of the Shangcheng gold deposit in Zhangbaling Tectonic Belt, China. The study discusses the genesis of the Shangcheng deposit which might belong to the medium-low temperature magmatic hydrothermal deposits. Also the study mentions the impact of the local enrichment of gold mineralization on the thickness of ore bodies.

Background: Nuclear receptor Rev-erbα plays important roles in circadian clock timing, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and vascular inflammation. However, the role of Rev-erbα in atherosclerotic lesion development has not been assessed in vivo., Methods and Results: The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα was knocked down in mouse haematopoietic cells by means of shRNA-lentiviral transduction, followed by bone marrow transplantation into LDL receptor knockout mice. The Rev-erbα protein in peripheral macrophage was reduced by 70% as compared to control mice injected with nontargeting shRNA lentivirus-transduced bone marrow. A significant increase in atherosclerotic lesions was observed around the aorta valves as well as upon en face aorta analysis of Rev-erbα knock-down bone marrow recipients (P<0.01) as compared to the control mice, while plasma cholesterol, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol levels were not affected. Overexpression of Rev-erbα in bone marrow mononuclear cells decreased inflammatory M1 while increasing M2 macrophage markers, while Rev-erbα knock down increased the macrophage inflammatory phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment of differentiating macrophages with the Rev-erbα ligand heme promoted expression of antiinflammatory M2 markers., Conclusions: These observations identify hematopoietic cell Rev-erbα as a new modulator of atherogenesis in mice.