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The discrepancy in data distribution between training and testing scenarios, as well as the inductive bias of convolutional neural networks towards image styles, reduces the model's generalization ability. Many unsupervised domain generalization methods based on feature decoupling suffer from an initial neglect of explicit decoupling of content and style features, resulting in content features that still contain considerable redundant information, thereby restricting improvements in generalization capability. To tackle this problem, this paper optimizes the learning process of domain‐invariant (content) features into an information compression issue, minimizing redundancy in content features. Furthermore, to enhance decoupled learning, this paper introduces innovative cross‐domain loss functions and image reconstruction modules that explicitly decouple and merge content and style across different domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate the method's significant enhancements over recent cutting‐edge approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial factors in plant sexual reproduction. Members of the plant Skewed5 (SKU5) Similar (SKS) family show strong similarity to multicopper oxidases (MCOs), but they lack conserved histidines in MCO active sites. The functions of most SKS family members are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen‐expressed SKS11 and SKS12 play important roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. The sks11sks12 mutant exhibited significantly reduced male fertility. Most of the pollen from sks11sks12 plants burst when germinated, and the pollen tubes grew slowly and exhibited defective growth along the funiculus and micropyle. SKS11‐GFP and SKS12‐mCherry were detected at the cell wall in pollen tubes. The contents of several cell wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactans were decreased in the pollen tube cell walls of sks11sks12 plants. Staining with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive dye and use of the H2O2 sensor HyPer revealed that the ROS content in the pollen tubes of sks11sks12 plants was remarkably reduced. SKS11444His‐Ala, in which the last conserved histidine was mutated, could restore the mutant phenotypes of sks11sks12. Thus, SKS11/12 are required for pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance possibly by regulating the ROS level and cell wall polysaccharide deposition or remodeling in pollen tubes. Significance Statement: Pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial for plant sexual reproduction. Arabidopsis SKU5 Similar 11 and 12, which are highly expressed in pollen and pollen tubes, function in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance to ensure successful double fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual‐response smart window, which can respond to two external stimuli simultaneously or separately, has more solar adjustment modes and a wider range of solar radiation adjustment. In this paper, a double‐layer fluorine‐tin oxide (FTO) electrical‐thermal mold was presented, and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel was encapsulated in the mold to form an electric‐thermal dual‐response smart window. The electrical response refers to the electrothermal conversion characteristics of the double‐layer FTO mold used to compensate for the insufficient thermochromic performance of the PNIPAm hydrogel when temperature is between 25 °C and 32 °C, rather than electrochromic properties. Finally, when the applied voltage reaches 5 V, the dual‐response smart window achieves a high solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) of 26.51 %. In addition, it can be concluded that a 5 V of applied voltage is adequate for the dual‐response smart window (25 mm×25 mm×2.2 mm) to exhibit excellent ΔTsol and extremely fast response speed by the test of the electrothermal conversion performance, transparency change during the heating process, and UV‐Vis‐NIR transmittance spectra. Furthermore, the thermal management tests and cyclic stability tests indicate that the smart window has a potential energy saving effect and environmental tolerance. The prepared smart window enables PNIPAm hydrogel to manage solar radiation well in the entire ambient temperature range actively or passively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the hydrophobic effect or hydration of hydrophobe was firstly introduced into the mechanism of polystyrene particles formation. Negatively charged surface of hydration shell was proposed due to the ordered structure of water molecules. Consequentially the concentration of hydrophobic chains depended on pH because protons destroyed the hydration shell, thereby extruded hydrophobic chains from the H‐bonds networks. The soap‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene by using AIBN (azodiisobutyronitrile) and KPS (Potassium Persulfate), respectively was performed at various pHs. It was proved that protons played a crucial role on the formation of PSt (polystyrene) particles. By using AIBN, particles were not prepared at pH 2.0 (HAc), pH 4.0 (HCl) and pH 2.0 (HCl), whereas by using KPS, particles were obtained regardless to pH. It indicated that anions of sulfate greatly enhanced the tolerance of hydration shell to the suffering from protons. Meanwhile, the roles of polymerization in the monomer phase, aqueous phase and growing particles were elucidated. By using AIBN, ca. 30 % PSt with Mn (Numeral average molecular weight) =300‐1500 formed in the monomer phase at pH 6.8, which dissolved in water at pH 8.0 and pH 10.0. By using KPS, ca. 20 % and 30 % conversion of St were found in the aqueous phase at pH 2.0 (HCl) and pH 10.0 (NaOH), respectively. At pH 2.0 (HCl), oligomers generated in the aqueous phase were protonated, whereas at pH 10.0 (NaOH), they were soluble due to the seriously suppressed dissociation of water. At other pHs, oligomers captured protons, thereby relieved particles and interface from the suffering of protons. As the concentration of oligomers increased, oligomers precipitated to form clusters due to the increase of average number of protons on the surface of oligomers hydration shell, which successively incorporated into the growing particles, thus enlarged PDI (Polydispersity index) of MW (Weight‐average molecular weight) distribution in particles. By using AIBN, owing to the limited partition of AIBN in the interfacial layer of St phase, the flat‐roof peaks of GPC curves were observed, namely that the weight fraction of Mi was constant. It implies that the free‐radicals are living in the growing particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian-Katian) Pagoda and Linhsiang formations in the Yichang Area of South China. It reports that Sandbian-Katian formations have been investigated for its biostratigraphic correlation. The formations were measured using three proxy series of time series analysis of cyclostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility (MS) and natural gamma-ray intensity (GR).