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For the lack of labels in infrared and visible image fusion network, an infrared and visible image fusion model based on multi‐channel unsupervised convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper, in order to extract more detailed information through multi‐channel inputs. In contrast to conventional unsupervised fusion network, the proposed network contains three channels for extracting infrared features, visible features and common features of infrared and visible images, respectively. The square loss function is used to train the network. Pairs of infrared and visible images are input to DenseNet to extract as more useful features as possible. A fusion module is designed to fuse the extracted features for testing. Experimental results show that the proposed method can preserve both the clear target of infrared and detailed information of visible images simultaneously. Experiments also demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the state‐of‐the‐art methods in objective metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman mapping spectra of Microcystis flosaquae (M. flosaquae) subjected to environmental perturbations were used to study the correlations among the characteristics of M. flosaquae by two‐dimensional (2‐D) Raman correlation spectroscopy. Overlapping Raman characteristics of the carotenoids in M. flosaquae and their differences in algal growths were shown in the 2‐D synchronous and asynchronous correlation spectra. The asynchronous correlation Raman spectra demonstrated the accumulation of carotenoids in M. flosaquae under normal culture condition and environmental perturbations. High light flux obviously led to the accumulation of β‐carotene in M. flosaquae in comparison with normal culture condition. The results showed that 2‐D Raman correlation spectroscopy can be used to analyze the correlation of complex changes of the Raman characteristics of M. flosaquae induced by different environmental conditions to assess the accumulation of the carotenoids in algae and to predict the algal growth phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Dibenzothiophene (DBT) is a typical sulfur-containing compound found in fossil fuels. This compound and its derivatives are resistant to the hydrodesulfurization method often used in industry, but they are susceptible to enzymatic desulfurization via the 4S pathway, which is a well-studied biochemical pathway consisting of four enzymes. DBT monooxygenase (DszC) from Rhodococcus erythropolis is involved in the first step of the 4S pathway. We determined the crystal structure of DszC, which reveals that, in contrast to several homologous proteins, the C-terminus (410-417) of DszC participates in the stabilization of the substrate-binding pocket. Analytical ultracentrifugation analysis and enzymatic assays confirmed that the C-terminus is important for the stabilization of the active conformation of the substrate-binding pocket and the tetrameric state. Therefore, the C-terminus of DszC plays a significant role in the catalytic activity of this enzyme. Proteins 2014; 82:2733-2743. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives are typical sulfur compounds found in fossil fuels. These compounds show resistance to the hydrodesulfurization treatment that is commonly used in industry. Dibenzothiophene monooxygenase (DszC) is responsible for the oxidation of DBT, which is the first and the rate-limiting step in the DBT enzymatic desulfurization 4S pathway. In this study, the crystal structure of DszC from Rhodococcus erythropolis DS-3 is reported. The crystal of native DszC belonged to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 96.16, b = 96.27, c = 98.56 Å, α = 81.03, β = 67.57, γ = 85.84°. To determine the phase, SAD X-ray diffraction data were collected from a SeMet-derivative DszC crystal, which also belonged to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 95.379, b = 95.167, c = 94.891 Å, α = 87.046, β = 70.536, γ = 79.738°. Further structural analysis of DszC is in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ever‐increasing demand for rechargeable batteries with fast charging, long cycling, high safety, and low cost in new energy storage systems. Herein, a heterogeneous architecture composed of MoS2‐coupled carbon nanosheets encapsulated on sodium titanate nanowires is developed and demonstrated as an advanced anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Owing to the synergistic effects of ultrastable substrate of 1D sodium titanate (NTO) nanowires, high‐capacity promoter of 2D MoS2 nanosheets as well as the 2D conductive carbon matrix, the resulting 1D/2D–2D hybrid demonstrates excellent high‐rate capacity and super‐durable cyclability, delivering a stable capacity of up to 425.5 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1. Even at an ultrafast charging/discharging process within 80 s, the capacity can be maintained at 201 mAh g−1 after 16 000 cycles with only 0.0012% capacity loss per cycle, one of the best high‐rate capacities and cyclabilities for NTO‐based hybrid composites. The present work highlights the designing protocol of hierarchical nanoarchitectures with stable substrate and high‐capacity electrodes for next‐generation energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]