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Background Methods Results Conclusions The artificial anal sphincter is a device used to treat patients with fecal incontinence who are unable to control their bowel movements on their own. Long‐term morphological changes in the tissue surrounding the artificial anal sphincter can cause biomechanical compatibility problems, which seriously affect the clinical application of the artificial anal sphincter.In this paper, the superelasticity of shape memory alloys was utilized to design and fabricate a biomechanically compatible constant force clamping artificial anal sphincter. An in vitro simulation system was constructed to verify the effectiveness, safety, and constant force characteristics of the artificial anal sphincter.The experimental results demonstrated that the artificial anal sphincter could be effectively closed with no leakage of the liquid‐like intestinal contents, which are most likely to leak. The pressure of the artificial anal sphincter on the intestinal tube gradually increased and eventually became constant during closure, and the pressure value was always less than the intestinal blood supply pressure threshold.In this paper, we designed an artificial anal sphincter based on biomechanical compatibility and the corresponding in vitro simulation experimental program and preliminarily verified the effectiveness, safety, and constant force characteristics of the artificial anal sphincter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging research has demonstrated that genomic alterations disrupting topologically associated domains (TADs) and chromatin interactions underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of specific copy number variants (CNVs) in neurodevelopmental disorders. We report two patients with a de novo deletion and a duplication in chromosome 4q31, potentially causing FBX‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome by affecting the regulatory region of FBXW7. High‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) analysis using available capture data in neural progenitor cells revealed the rewiring of the TAD boundary close to FBXW7. Both patients exhibited facial dysmorphisms, cardiac and limb abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental delays, showing significant clinical overlap with previously reported FBXW7‐related features. We also included an additional 10 patients with CNVs in the 4q31 region from the literature and the DECIPHER database for Hi‐C analysis, which confirmed that disruption of the regulatory region of FBXW7 likely contributes to the developmental defects observed in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: Supernatants from various cytological samples, including body cavity effusion, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and needle aspiration, have been validated for detecting genetic alterations using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the sensitivity of fusion variations detection remains challenging. The protection of cell‐free RNA (cfRNA) is critical for resolving the issue. Methods: A protective solution (PS) was applied for preserving cfRNA in cytological supernatant (CS), and the quality of protected cfRNA was assessed by cycle threshold (CT) values from reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Furthermore, we collected an additional set of malignant cytological and matched tumor samples from 84 NSCLC patients, cfDNA & cfRNA extraction and double detection for driver gene mutations was validated using the multi‐gene mutations detection by RT‐qPCR. Results: Under the optimal protection system, 91.0% (101/111) of cfRNA were protected effectively. Among the 84 NSCLC patient samples, seven cytological samples failed the tests. In comparison with tumor samples, the overall sensitivity and specificity of detecting driver genes of supernatant cfDNA and cfRNA were 93.8% (74/77) and 100% (77/77), respectively. Notably, when focusing exclusively on patients with fusion gene changes, both sensitivity and specificity reached 100% (11/11) for EML4‐ALK, ROS1, RET fusions, and MET ex14 skipping. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cfDNA & cfRNA extraction and double detection strategy recommended in this study improve the accuracy of driver genes mutations test, especially for RNA‐based assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), displaying high current density and energy efficiency, have been proven to be an effective technique to electrochemically reduce CO2 into CO. However, the insufficiency of cathode activity and stability is a tricky problem to be addressed for SOECs. Hence, it is urgent to develop suitable cathode materials with excellent catalytic activity and stability for further practical application of SOECs. Herein, a reduced perovskite oxide, Pr0.35Sr0.6Fe0.7Cu0.2Mo0.1O3‐δ (PSFCM0.35), is developed as SOECs cathode to electrolyze CO2. After reduction in 10% H2/Ar, Cu and Fe nanoparticles are exsolved from the PSFCM0.35 lattice, resulting in a phase transformation from cubic perovskite to Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite with more oxygen vacancies. The exsolved metal nanoparticles are tightly attached to the perovskite substrate and afford more active sites to accelerate CO2 adsorption and dissociation on the cathode surface. The significantly strengthened CO2 adsorption capacity obtained after reduction is demonstrated by in situ Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectra. Symmetric cells with the reduced PSFCM0.35 (R‐PSFCM0.35) electrode exhibit a low polarization resistance of 0.43 Ω cm2 at 850 °C. Single electrolysis cells with the R‐PSFCM0.35 cathode display an outstanding current density of 2947 mA cm−2 at 850 °C and 1.6 V. In addition, the catalytic stability of the R‐PSFCM0.35 cathode is also proved by operating at 800 °C with an applied constant current density of 600 mA cm−2 for 100 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a major potato (Solanum tuberosum) pest, infesting over 16 million km2 and causing substantial economic losses. The insect cuticle forms an apical extracellular matrix (ECM) envelope covering exposed organs to direct morphogenesis and confer structural protection. While select chitinase (Cht) genes have proven essential for larval development, their potential activities directing ECM remodeling underlying adult wing maturation remain undefined. RESULTS: We investigated the expression patterns and performed an oral RNA interference (RNAi) screen targeting 19 LdChts in late‐instar L. decemlineata larvae. Subsequently, we assessed their effects on adult eclosion and wing characteristics. Knockdown of LdCht5, LdCht7, LdCht10, LdIDGF2, and LdIDGF4, as well as others from Group IV (LdCht15, LdCht12, LdCht17, and LdCht13) and Groups VII–X (LdCht2, LdCht11, LdCht1, and LdCht3), resulting in shrunken, misshapen elytra with reduced areal density, as well as transverse wrinkling and impaired wing‐tip folding in hindwings. Scanning electron micrographs revealed eroded elytral ridges alongside thinned, ruptured hindwing veins, indicative of mechanical fragility post‐LdCht suppression. Spectroscopic analysis uncovered biomolecular alterations underlying the elytral anomalies, including decreases in peaks representing chitin, proteins, and lipids. This loss of essential ECM components provides evidence for the fragility, wrinkling, and shrinkage observed in the RNAi groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings elucidate the crucial role of chitinases in the turnover of chitinous cuticles on beetle wings, offering insights into RNAi‐based control strategies against this invasive pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided nanowires grown on polymer surfaces facilitate their seamless integration as flexible devices without post‐growth processing steps. However, this is challenging due to the inability of polymer films to provide the required lattice‐matching effect. In this work, this challenge is addressed by replicating highly aligned nanogrooves from a compact disc (CD) onto a casted flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface. Leveraging the replicated nanogrooves, copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) and various metal phthalocyanines are guided into large‐area, self‐aligned nanowires. Subsequently, by employing specifically designed shadow masks during electrode deposition, these nanowires are seamlessly integrated as either a monolithic flexible photodetector with a large sensing area or on‐chip flexible photodetector arrays. The resulting flexible photodetectors exhibit millisecond and long‐term stable response to UV–vis–NIR light. Notably, they demonstrate exceptional bending stability, retaining stable and sensitive photoresponse even at a curvature radius as low as 0.5 cm and after enduring 1000 bending cycles. Furthermore, the photodetector array showcases consistent sensitivity and response speed across the entire array. This work not only proves the viability of guided nanowire growth on flexible polymer surfaces by replicating CD nanogrooves but also underscores the potential for large‐scale monolithic integration of guided nanowires as flexible devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate osseointegration at the interface is a key factor in orthopedic implant failure. Mechanistically, traditional orthopedic implant interfaces fail to precisely match natural bone regeneration processes in vivo. In this study, a novel biomimetic coating on titanium substrates (DPA‐Co/GFO) through a mussel adhesion‐mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking strategy is engineered. In vivo and in vitro results confirm that the coating exhibits excellent biocompatibility and effectively promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Crucially, the biomimetic coating targets the integrin α2β1 receptor to promote M2 macrophage polarization and achieves a synergistic effect between immunomodulation and vascularized bone regeneration, thereby maximizing osseointegration at the interface. Mechanical push‐out tests reveal that the pull‐out strength in the DPA‐Co/GFO group is markedly greater than that in the control group (79.04 ± 3.20 N vs 31.47 ± 1.87 N, P < 0.01) and even surpasses that in the sham group (79.04 ± 3.20 N vs 63.09 ± 8.52 N, P < 0.01). In summary, the novel biomimetic coating developed in this study precisely matches the natural process of bone regeneration in vivo, enhancing interface‐related osseointegration and showing considerable potential for clinical translation and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image hiding is a task that hides secret images into cover images. The purposes of image hiding are to ensure the secret images are invisible to the human and the secret images can be recovered. The current state‐of‐the‐art steganography methods run the risk of secret information leakage. A safe image hiding network (SIHNet) is presented to reduce the leakage of secret information. Based on some phenomena of image hiding methods which use invertible neural network, a reversible secret image processing (SIP) module is proposed to make the secret images suitable for hiding and make the stego images leak less secret information. Besides, a reversible lost information hiding (LIH) module is used to hide the lost information into the cover images, thus the method can recover the secret images better than the method that uses random noise to replace the lost information. Experimental results show that SIHNet outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods on the PSNR and SSIM values of the recovered secret images and the stego images. Besides, residual images of other state‐of‐the‐art methods all contain information about secret images while residual images of SIHNet leak almost no secret information. Thus the method can prevent the listener of transmission channel from obtaining the information of the secret image through the residual image, which means SIHNet performs better in security than other state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising technique for the production of high‐purity hydrogen. Substituting the slow anodic oxygen evolution reaction with an oxidation reaction that is thermodynamically more favorable enables the energy‐efficient production of hydrogen. Moreover, this approach facilitates the degradation of environmental pollutants and synthesis of value‐added chemicals through the rational selection of small molecules as substrates. Strategies for small‐molecule selection and electrocatalyst design are critical to electrocatalytic performance, with a focus on achieving a high current density, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, and operational durability. This perspective discusses the key factors required for further advancement, including technoeconomic analysis, new reactor system design, meeting the requirements of industrial applications, bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical applications, and product detection and separation. This perspective aims to advance the development of hybrid water electrolysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to develop high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials, because they can be used to harvest waste heat into electricity and there is abundant waste heat on earth. The conventional TE materials are inorganic semimetals or semiconductors like Bi2Te3 and its derivatives. However, they have problems of high cost, scarce/toxic elements, high thermal conductivity, and poor mechanical flexibility. Organic TE materials emerged as the next‐generation TE materials because of their merits including solution processability, low cost, abundant element, low intrinsic thermal conductivity, and high mechanical flexibility. Organic TE materials are mainly conducting polymers because of their high conductivity. Both the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient depend on the doping level, and they are interdependent. Hence, the TE properties of polymers can be improved through doping/dedoping engineering. There are three types of doping forms, oxidative (or reductive) doping, protonic acid doping, and charge transfer doping. Accordingly, they can be dedoped by different approaches. In this article, we review the methods to dope and dedope p‐type and n‐type TE polymers and the combination of doping and dedoping to optimize their TE properties. Secondary doping is also covered, since it can significantly enhance the conductivity of some TE polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: One of the greatest challenges in using Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic is acid stress. The current research aimed to identify substances that help L. acidophilus resist acid stress; this was achieved through assessing its nutrient consumption patterns under various pH conditions. RESULTS: The consumption rates of alanine, uracil, adenine, guanine, niacin, and manganese were consistently higher than 60% for L. acidophilus LA‐5 cultured at pH 5.8, 4.9, and 4.4. The consumption rates of glutamic acid + glutamine and thiamine increased with decreasing pH and were higher than 60% at pH 4.9 and 4.4. The viable counts of L. acidophilus LA‐5 were significantly increased under the corresponding acidic stress conditions (pH 4.9 and 4.4) through the appropriate addition of either alanine (3.37 and 2.81 mmol L−1), glutamic acid + glutamine (4.77 mmol L−1), guanine (0.13 and 0.17 mmol L−1), niacin (0.02 mmol L−1), thiamine (0.009 mmol L−1), or manganese (0.73 and 0.64 mmol L−1) (P < 0.05). The viable counts of L. acidophilus LA‐5 cultured in a medium supplemented with combined nutritional factors was 1.02–1.03‐fold of the counts observed in control medium under all acid conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Alanine, glutamic acid + glutamine, guanine, niacin, thiamine, and manganese can improve the growth of L. acidophilus LA‐5 in an acidic environment in the present study. The results will contribute to optimizing strategies to enhance the acid resistance of L. acidophilus and expand its application in the fermentation industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separating acetylene from carbon dioxide is important but highly challenging due to their similar molecular shapes and physical properties. Adsorptive separation of carbon dioxide from acetylene can directly produce pure acetylene but is hardly realized because of relatively polarizable acetylene binds more strongly. Here, we reverse the CO2 and C2H2 separation by adjusting the pore structures in two isoreticular ultramicroporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Under ambient conditions, copper isonicotinate (Cu(ina)2), with relatively large pore channels shows C2H2‐selective adsorption with a C2H2/CO2 selectivity of 3.4, whereas its smaller‐pore analogue, copper quinoline‐5‐carboxylate (Cu(Qc)2) shows an inverse CO2/C2H2 selectivity of 5.6. Cu(Qc)2 shows compact pore space that well matches the optimal orientation of CO2 but is not compatible for C2H2. Neutron powder diffraction experiments confirmed that CO2 molecules adopt preferential orientation along the pore channels during adsorption binding, whereas C2H2 molecules bind in an opposite fashion with distorted configurations due to their opposite quadrupole moments. Dynamic breakthrough experiments have validated the separation performance of Cu(Qc)2 for CO2/C2H2 separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic polymers have an outstanding performance in the field of photocatalysis with the advantage of diverse structure composition and purposeful molecular design. However, the inherent high impedance and poor electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors still restrict the charge transfer efficiency and thus discount the photocatalytic performance. Herein, the study reports a highly conductive covalent triazine framework (CTF) loading carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into porous as electron transport medium. The addition of CQDs (0.5 wt%) can enhance the electronic conductivity of CTF by tenfold. In addition, the as‐prepared CQD‐CTFs express much‐promoted charge separation and transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the embedded CQDs can improve the oxidization capacity and increase the affinity of H+ due to the more negative zeta potential. The enhanced oxidizing ability and increased H+ affinity are positive for water oxidation reaction (WOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, respectively. The optimized CQD‐CTF exhibits a high H2O2 generation rate of up to 1036 µmol g−1 h−1 in pure water without any sacrificial agent under visible light, which is 4.6 times than pristine CTF. This work provides a new idea for efficient H2O2 production of organic semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of oleuropein (OLE) ameliorates non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying mechanisms.Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low‐fat diet (LFD), a high‐fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with 0.03% (w/w) OLE for 16 weeks. OLE supplementation decreased body weight and liver weight, improved serum lipid profiles, and ameliorated HFD‐induced hepatic dysfunction. Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that OLE increased the levels of nicotinamide, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurine, and docosahexaenoic acid, which were beneficial for lipid homeostasis and inflammation regulation. OLE exerted its protective effects by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a key transcription factor that regulates fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and modulates lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and inflammation pathways. Importantly, OLE supplementation did not significantly affect body weight or liver weight in PPARα knockout (PPARα KO) mice, indicating that PPARα is essential for OLE‐mediated NAFLD prevention.Our results suggest that OLE alleviates NAFLD in mice by activating PPARα and modulating liver metabolites. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For protonic ceramic fuel cells, it is key to develop material with high intrinsic activity for oxygen activation and bulk proton conductivity enabling water formation at entire electrode surface. However, a higher water content which benefitting for the increasing proton conductivity will not only dilute the oxygen in the gas, but also suppress the O2 adsorption on the electrode surface. Herein, a new electrode design concept is proposed, that may overcome this dilemma. By introducing a second phase with high‐hydrating capability into a conventional cobalt‐free perovskite to form a unique nanocomposite electrode, high proton conductivity/concentration can be reached at low water content in atmosphere. In addition, the hydronation creates additional fast proton transport channel along the two‐phase interface. As a result, high protonic conductivity is reached, leading to a new breakthrough in performance for proton ceramic fuel cells and electrolysis cells devices among available air electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomaterials for the treatment of different disease. However, only handful types of EVs with clinical transformation potential have been reported to date, and their preparation on a large scale under biosafety‐controlled conditions is limited. In this study, we characterize a novel type of EV with promising clinical application potential: dehydration‐induced extracellular vesicles (DIMVs). DIMV is a type of micron‐diameter cell vesicle that contains more bioactive molecules, such as proteins and RNA, but not DNA, than previously reported cell vesicles. The preparation of DIMV is extraordinarily straightforward, which possesses a high level of biosafety, and the protein utilization ratio is roughly 600 times greater than that of naturally secreted EVs. Additional experiments demonstrate the viability of pre‐ or post‐isolation DIMV modification, including gene editing, nucleic acid encapsulation or surface anchoring, size adjustment. Finally, on animal models, we directly show the biosafety and immunogenicity of DIMV, and investigate its potential application as tumour vaccine or drug carrier in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity and heterogeneity of pore structure present significant challenges in accurate permeability estimation. Commonly used empirical formulas neglect its microscopic and topological characteristics, thus lacking accuracy and adaptability. While machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models demonstrate promising performance, but encounter challenges of data availability, computational cost, and model interpretability. The present study aims to develop a more robust and accurate permeability prediction model via knowledge extraction from ML model. We first establish an ML model between permeability and the geometry‐topology characteristics of porous media using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The data set used to fit ML model is prepared from 458 samples of different types of porous media. Using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value, the influence of each feature on permeability prediction is quantified. It is found that the closeness centrality (topology feature), tortuosity, porosity (macroscopic features) and throat diameter, throat length, pore diameter (pore network features) are vital for permeability prediction. Guided by partial dependence calculation, the unknown function relationship between permeability and the top six important features is established. The novel permeability prediction model incorporating topology feature improves the prediction accuracy and demonstrates strong applicability across diverse data sets. This new model presents an optimal balance between simplicity and performance, rendering it a compelling alternative for permeability prediction in porous media. The research provides a novel referable framework of knowledge extraction via ML to reveal the important features and establish the potential relationship that can be extended and applied in other research fields. Key Points: A universal framework of knowledge extraction is provided to discover the important features and establish the unknown relationshipKnowledge discovering based on machine learning helps to understand the prediction pattern and the impact of features on permeabilityThe new model incorporating topology feature improves permeability prediction performance and demonstrates strong applicability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our work, 0.5 mol.% TiO2 was added to Ag‐xCuO (x = 2, 4, 8 mol.%) fillers whose compositions at 1050°C were in the L2 single liquid phase region, the boundary of the miscible phase region, and the L1+L2 miscible phase region, respectively. The role of TiO2 was derived by comparing the quenching microstructure of the fillers on the Al2O3 ceramics and the effect on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength of the joints before and after the addition of TiO2. The results showed that the TiO2 would dissolve into the CuO‐rich L1 liquid phase of the filler, leading it to spread outside the molten droplet. When brazing with Ag‐4CuO‐0.5TiO2 filler, the CuO at the joint interface almost completely disappeared, and the shear strength of the joint was significantly reduced. In contrast, the joint strength showed a small increase when using Ag‐8CuO‐0.5TiO2 filler, as the excess CuO at the interface of the brazed joint was reduced. When the filler composition was in the L2 single liquid phase region, CuO was diffusely distributed throughout the molten droplet. TiO2 was hardly contacted with CuO and its addition had no significant effect on the interfacial microstructure and the shear strength of the joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, exhibiting a higher prevalence in women compared with men. While previous studies have primarily focused on genomics and genetics in osteoporosis susceptibility, there is a lack of systematic exploration of sex‐specific differences in lipid levels in mouse bone marrow. Multiple reaction monitoring‐based liquid chromatography–trandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to quantify lipidomic profiles in bone marrow samples from three female mice and three male mice. The LC–MS/MS technique based on the multiple reaction monitoring method identified and quantified 184 lipids from 15 lipid classes. The contents of most lipids in the bone marrow cells of female mice were higher than those in male mice, including four polyunsaturated fatty acids, three phospholipids and four sphingolipids. Among all the lipid molecules, lactosylceramide (d18:0/16:0) showed the highest fold change in female mice, while its precursor lipid, glucosylceramide, was the most up‐regulated in male mice. This study, focusing on bone marrow lipidomics, elucidates significant sexual dimorphism in lipid levels within bone marrow cells. It provides novel evidence supporting the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in women and enhances our understanding of the connection between sex‐specific lipid levels and the risk of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image preprocessing models are usually employed as the preceding operations of high‐level vision tasks to improve the performance. The adversarial attack technology makes both these models face severe challenges. Prior research is focused solely on attacking single object detection models, without considering the impact of the preprocessing models (multifocus image fusion) on adversarial perturbations within the object detection system. Multifocus image fusion models work in conjunction with the object detection models to enhance the quality of the images and improve the capability of object detection system. Herein, the problem of attacking object detection system that utilizes multifocus image fusion as its preprocessing models is addressed. To retain the attack capabilities of adversarial samples against as many perturbations as possible, new attack method called adaptive retention attack (ARA) is proposed. Additionally, adversarial perturbations concentration mechanism and image selection mechanism, which, respectively, enhance the transferability and attack capability of ARA‐generated adversarial samples. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the ARA. The results confirm that the ARA method can successfully bypass multifocus image fusion models to attack the object detection model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of the semiconducting materials performance heavily relies on the diffusion coefficient and length of the carrier. Recently, significant progress is made in enhancing solar cell efficiency through improved carrier diffusion in perovskite thin films. However, the spatial‐temporal mechanisms underlying carrier transport remain unclear. Recent advancements in utilizing transient absorption microscopy (TAM) offer promising opportunities to directly visualize the carrier transport dynamics within perovskite films. Here, the wide‐field imaging TAM combined with X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy is employed to investigate the spatial‐temporal carrier transport dynamics in FA1−xCsxPbI3 perovskites with varying Cs doping ratios. The experimental results indicate that the diffusion constant remains consistent regardless of the excitation power. Moreover, a decrease in the Cs doping ratio leads to an increase in the diffusion length within FA1−xCsxPbI3 perovskites. The measurements reveal a highest diffusion coefficient of up to 0.085 cm2 s−1 and a maximum diffusion length of ≈1.4 µm in FA0.97Cs0.03PbI3. Comparative analysis of short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency demonstrates that FA0.97Cs0.03PbI3 exhibits superior device efficiency. The TAM visualizes spatial/ temporal carrier diffusion dynamics, showing a significant correlation with device efficiency and thus providing valuable insights for further enhancing device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of bladder cancer (BLCA) contributes to therapy resistance and immune evasion affecting clinical prognosis. The molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to BLCA ITH generation remain elusive. It is found that a TM4SF1‐positive cancer subpopulation (TPCS) can generate ITH in BLCA, evidenced by integrative single cell atlas analysis. Extensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome of all stages of BLCA revealed their evolutionary trajectories. Distinct ancestor cells gave rise to low‐grade noninvasive and high‐grade invasive BLCA. Epigenome reprograming led to transcriptional heterogeneity in BLCA. During early oncogenesis, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition generated TPCS. TPCS has stem‐cell‐like properties and exhibited transcriptional plasticity, priming the development of transcriptionally heterogeneous descendent cell lineages. Moreover, TPCS prevalence in tumor is associated with advanced stage cancer and poor prognosis. The results of this study suggested that bladder cancer interacts with its environment by acquiring a stem cell‐like epigenomic landscape, which might generate ITH without additional genetic diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing crack recognition methods based on deep learning often face difficulties when detecting cracks in complex scenes such as brake marks, water marks, and shadows. The inadequate amount of available data can be primarily attributed to this factor. To address this issue, a controllable generative model of pavement cracks is proposed that can generate crack images in complex scenes by leveraging background images and crack mask images. The proposed model, the crack diffusion model (CDM), is based on the diffusion model network, which enables better control over the position and morphology of cracks by adjusting the conditional input of cracks. Experiments show that CDM has several advantages, including high definition, controllability, and sensitivity to narrow cracks. Utilizing CDM to create a synthetic crack data set in complex scenes resulted in substantial improvements of crack detection and segmentation. The method proposed in this study can effectively alleviate the effort required for data acquisition and labeling, especially in complex scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of fragility curves is an important step in seismic risk assessment within the scope of performance‐based earthquake engineering. The goal of this work is to use machine learning methods (regression‐based tools) to forecast the large‐span precast parking structural responses and fragility curves. This study proposes five predicting models based on machine learning to evaluate the seismic performance of the large‐span precast parking structures, including: neural networks, genetic algorithm‐based neural networks, support vector machine, decision tree and random forest. A database that includes 453 numerical synthetic results was used to train and test the machine learning models. The seismic performance of large‐span precast parking structures were predicted using the constructed machine learning models. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of input parameters was conducted. From this paper we can conclude that: (1) the genetic optimization‐based neural networks' predicting model has the most accurate predictive ability for seismic fragility estimation and (2) the structural responses and the fragility curves of parking structures are related to the differences of the stiffness of the connectors and the number of floors, of which the stiffness of the connectors should be given special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Head rice yield (HRY) measures rice milling quality and determines final grain yield and commercial value. Here, we report that two major quantitative trait loci for milling quality in rice, qMq‐1 and qMq‐2, represent allelic variants of Waxylv/Waxyb (hereafter Wx) encoding Granule‐Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) and Alkali Spreading Value ALKc/ALKb encoding Soluble Starch Synthase IIa (SSIIa), respectively. Complementation and overexpression transgenic lines in indica and japonica backgrounds confirmed that Wx and ALK coordinately regulate HRY by affecting amylose content, the number of amylopectin branches, amyloplast size, and thus grain filling and hardness. The transcription factor OsDOF18 acts upstream of Wx and ALK by activating their transcription. Furthermore, rice accessions with Wxb and ALKb alleles showed improved HRY over those with Wxlv and ALKc. Our study not only reveals the novel molecular mechanism underlying the formation of HRY but also provides a strategy for breeding rice cultivars with improved HRY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Accurate preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) is vital for personalised hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. We developed a multitask deep learning model to predict MVI and RFS using preoperative MRI scans. Methods: Utilising a retrospective dataset of 725 HCC patients from seven institutions, we developed and validated a multitask deep learning model focused on predicting MVI and RFS. The model employs a transformer architecture to extract critical features from preoperative MRI scans. It was trained on a set of 234 patients and internally validated on a set of 58 patients. External validation was performed using three independent sets (n = 212, 111, 110). Results: The multitask deep learning model yielded high MVI prediction accuracy, with AUC values of 0.918 for the training set and 0.800 for the internal test set. In external test sets, AUC values were 0.837, 0.815 and 0.800. Radiologists' sensitivity and inter‐rater agreement for MVI prediction improved significantly when integrated with the model. For RFS, the model achieved C‐index values of 0.763 in the training set and ranged between 0.628 and 0.728 in external test sets. Notably, PA‐TACE improved RFS only in patients predicted to have high MVI risk and low survival scores (p <.001). Conclusions: Our deep learning model allows accurate MVI and survival prediction in HCC patients. Prospective studies are warranted to assess the clinical utility of this model in guiding personalised treatment in conjunction with clinical criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Zhou Tian Formula (ZTF) is an antidepressant traditional Chinese medicine utilized widely in clinical settings for the treatment of patients with depression. However, shortcomings persist in its extraction technology and quality control. Objective: This study aimed to propose a methodology for ZTF extraction technology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method and to establish a quality control framework for the efficient transfer of index components. Method: Firstly, we analyzed the chemical components of ZTF and determined the optimal extraction technology. Secondly, we calculated the transfer efficiency of the index components during the conversion of water decoction to extract powder and subsequently to granules. Thirdly, we established HPLC fingerprints for 15 batches of ZTF water decoction, extract powder, and granules. We employed SIMCA software to analyze the chemicals responsible for variations in quality among different batches of ZTF granules. Results: We determined the optimal extraction process. The average transfer efficiency of ferulic acid, puerarin, mirificin, isoferulic acid, and calycosin during the conversion of water decoction to extract powder and subsequently to granules exceeded 41%. The HPLC fingerprints of ZTF exhibited a similarity exceeding 0.890. Variable importance in projection values indicated that calycosin, ferulic acid, and puerarin were the primary contributors to quality variations. Conclusions: The AHP‐CRITIC method, coupled with an orthogonal array design, could be used for exploring extraction technology. In addition, the rules governing the transfer of index components from water decoction to extract powder, and subsequently to granules, could be applied for the evaluation and quality assessment of ZTF. This study proposed a methodology for Zhou Tian Formula (ZTF) extraction technology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method and established a quality control framework for the efficient transfer of index components. This method enables dynamic monitoring of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components, ensuring the appropriateness of the employed process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defects engineering is significant for photocatalytic environment remediation. To this end, visible‐light‐driven α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐x S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with optimal oxygen vacancy (Ov) defects are successfully synthesized via a two‐step method. Compared with pristine UiO‐66‐NH2‐derived ZrO2‐x and α‐Fe2O3, the heterojunction photocatalysts exhibit a wider range of visible light response and higher efficiency in separating photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Among them, the 5% α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐x sample shows the best photocatalytic performance to the degradation of tetracycline (TC) (89.3%), in which the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic rate constants are 8.20 and 16.75 times that of pristine ZrO2‐x and α‐Fe2O3, respectively. The outstanding photocatalytic degradation efficiency can be attributed to both the narrow‐bandgap ZrO2‐x with visible light response and the formation of α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐x S‐scheme heterojunctions. During the formation of heterojunctions, the concentration of oxygen vacancies (Ov) at the interface of α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐xdecreases monotonically with the increasing loading of α‐Fe2O3, thereby altering the electronic structure of the photocatalyst and forming the heterojunction firmly. In addition, the high stability implies the potential applications in fields of environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional strategies for highly efficient and selective CO2 photoreduction focus on the design of catalysts and cocatalysts. In this study, we discover that hydrogen bond network breakdown in reaction system can suppress H2 evolution, thereby improving CO2 photoreduction performance. Photosensitive poly(ionic liquid)s are designed as photocatalysts owing to their strong hydrogen bonding with solvents. The hydrogen bond strength is tuned by solvent composition, thereby effectively regulating H2 evolution (from 0 to 12.6 mmol g−1 h−1). No H2 is detected after hydrogen bond network breakdown with trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane as additives. CO production rate and selectivity increase to 35.4 mmol g−1 h−1 and 98.9 % with trichloromethane, compared with 0.6 mmol g−1 h−1 and 26.2 %, respectively, without trichloromethane. Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations confirm that trichloromethane broke the systemic hydrogen bond network and subsequently suppressed H2 evolution. This hydrogen bond network breakdown strategy may be extended to other catalytic reactions involving H2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monolithic integration of bottom‐up nanowires into devices requires rational growth of aligned nanowires. Of the proposed aligned growth methods, few are sufficiently general to be applicable to diverse materials and substrates. In this work, oriented poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) grooves with nanoscale depth and width are transferred onto different substrates through a simple directional mechanical friction. This friction is achieved in a few seconds by a program‐driven handwriting machine. Various organic molecules (e.g., Alq3, NiPc, CoPc, CuPc, F16CuPc) are therefore assembled into oriented crystalline nanowires on the surface of Si, Si/SiO2, and glass. The self‐alignment of these nanowires enables a scalable device fabrication directly on growth substrates, eliminating structural damage and contamination during post‐growth alignment. For example, using the aligned F16CuPc nanowires on PTFE‐coated Si/SiO2 wafers, back‐gate field‐effect phototransistors are fabricated in a scalable manner by directly depositing an array of micro‐sized electrodes. Statistical results show that these phototransistors operate in n‐type enhancement mode with thresholds of a few volts. In addition, they exhibit fast photoresponse on the order of tens of milliseconds and long‐term stability in the vis–NIR spectrum. The generality of this guided nanowire growth and resulting monolithic devices offer new opportunities for the monolithic integration of nanowire‐based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass burning serves as important sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), yet our understanding of the molecular characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) from fresh emissions remains limited. In this study, gaseous organic compounds in fresh smokes from burning typical Chinese crop straws and woods are measured using an iodide time‐of‐flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer. Approximately 750 molecular formulas are identified, with CHO compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms accounting for 77%–95% of the total. C1–C3 organic acids and dicarboxylic acids dominate the total CHO signal intensities by 27%–48%, while well‐known molecular markers of biomass burning, such as monosaccharide, guaiacol and syringol derivatives, contribute 7%–17%. Notably, crop straw and wood burning emit a higher abundance of guaiacol than syringol derivatives by a factor of 5. Additionally, a variety of nitrogen‐containing compounds (mainly in the CHON group) is identified, including isocyanate, amide, amino acids, and pyridine. The mass spectral profiles of organic compounds are largely similar between crop straw and wood burning fuels, although wood burning produces higher contributions of compounds with carbon atoms numbers >10. The saturation concentrations of organic compounds are estimated using molecular formula‐based volatility parameterization, revealing that semi‐volatile and intermediate VOCs (S/intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs)) predominate smoke releases by 35%–60% and 20%–43%, respectively, with only a small fraction of low‐volatility compounds. Given the widespread nature of biomass burning in winter China, our results may have significant implications for interpreting secondary organic aerosol formation through gas‐particle partitioning or aqueous‐phase reactions. Plain Language Summary: Biomass burning is a significant source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) being particularly important due to their high reactivity and their contribution to the radical budget and secondary products formation. However, previous research has primarily focused on a limited number of OVOCs species from pine, spruce, and other biofuels, leading to insufficient studies on the full mass spectra of OVOCs from biomass smokes. Our study has addressed this gap by identifying approximately 750 OVOCs from burning typical Chinese crop straws and woods. We found that C1–C3 organic acids and dicarboxylic acids are the predominant contributors to total signal intensities. This expands on previous studies that have focused on a limited well‐known molecular markers of biomass burning, such as monosaccharide, guaiacol and syringol derivatives, and reveals the presence of nitrogen‐containing compounds, including isocyanate, amide, amino acids, and pyridine. The saturation concentrations of organic compounds are estimated, highlighting the importance of semi‐volatile and intermediate VOCs (S/IVOCs) in fresh smoke releases. Our study contributes to a better understanding of complex chemistry of biomass burning and its impact on air quality. It will serve as a crucial basis for accurately assessing biomass burning related‐secondary organic aerosol formation. Key Points: C1–C3 organic acids and dicarboxylic acids dominate the total signal intensities of fresh crop straw and wood burning emissionsThe mass spectral profiles are largely similar across different fuels, with wood burning produces higher contributions of large compoundsSemi‐volatile and intermediate volatile organic compounds predominate fresh smoke emissions, with only a small fraction of low‐volatility compounds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate neighboring Pt atoms can enhance the metal activity of NiCoP for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it remains a great challenge to link Pt and NiCoP. Herein, we introduced curvature of bowl‐like structure to construct Pt/NiCoP interface by adding a minimal 1 ‰‐molar‐ratio Pt. The as‐prepared sample only requires an overpotential of 26.5 and 181.6 mV to accordingly achieve the current density of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. The water dissociation energy barrier (Ea) has a ~43 % decrease compared with NiCoP counterpart. It also shows an ultrahigh stability with a small degradation rate of 10.6 μV h−1 at harsh conditions (500 mA cm−2 and 50 °C) after 3000 hrs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) verify the interface electron transfer lowers the valence state of Co/Ni and activates them. DFT calculations also confirm the catalytic transition step of NiCoP can change from Heyrovsky (2.71 eV) to Tafel step (0.51 eV) in the neighborhood of Pt, in accord with the result of the improved Hads at the interface disclosed by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the robust control problem for networked uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems over digital communication channel, where some complicated factors are considered in this framework, such as false data injection attacks, incomplete sojourn‐time information, and actuator fault. In network environment, these problems frequently occurred: (1) Data must be quantified before it is transmitted via digital communication channels, and (2) there is always the risk of cyber‐attack. Traditional controllers are not effective to solve the robust control design issue of uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems since the signal quantization and cyber‐attack will degrade control performance evidently. Then, a resilient controller is designed to guarantee the stable running of system with incomplete sojourn‐time information and the system resiliency to unsecure shared data. With the help of Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality, which can determine the gains of the resilient controller. Finally, the simulation examples about single‐machine infinite‐bus power system are given to explain the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour in the oral cavity. OSCC is aggressive and prone to metastasis; it is associated with high mortality and short survival. In this study, we investigated the function of the long non‐coding RNA LINC00525 in OSCC progression and the molecular mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Materials and Methods: CCK8 assay was used to detect the effect of LINC00525 on cell viability; transwell migration and invasion assays and scratch assay were used to examine the role of LINC00525 in cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry, RT‐PCR and western blot were used to detect apoptosis indexes. Tumorigenic effects were investigated using mouse xenograft tumour models. Results: LINC00525 was associated with OSCC survival and prognosis. LINC00525 knockdown decreased cell viability and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties and increased apoptosis and also shortened the cell cycle of OSCC cells in vitro. The downregulation of LINC00525 reduced the growth of OSCC tumour in vivo. LINC00525 can regulate OSCC cells via the apoptotic signalling pathway. Conclusion: Our results indicate that LINC00525 exhibits oncogenic functions in OSCC. LINC00525 may be a new promising and potential target for the treatment of OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explored the different performances of the evolution of polarization control parameters under algorithm optimization in one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional parameter space. We found that the genetic algorithm (GA) operation has a typical converging trend as the epoch increasing of groups in ultra‐fast pulse generation. The corresponding deviations were calculated to be 10.8%, 11.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, which is different from the traversal algorithm operation. The typical noise‐like pulse state was effectively automatically searched at different length cavities, with center wavelengths of 1973, 1988.7, and 2002.7 nm, repetition rate of 9.4, 10.4, and 5.4 MHz, and typical spike duration of ~224 fs. Our research shows the effectiveness of the GA in searching and controlling the ultrashort pulse output of a 2‐µm thulium‐doped fiber laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptive significance of phenotypic differences between females and males can provide insights into sex‐specific selection and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Dioecious plants commonly exhibit sexual dimorphism in height, although its ecological and evolutionary significance have rarely been examined experimentally. Here, we investigate the functional consequences of the temporal reversal of height dimorphism for pollen and seed dispersal in dioecious Rumex hastatulus Baldw., a species in which males are taller than females at flowering and the reverse pattern occurs at fruiting. Populations of this colonizing weed are wind‐pollinated and seeds are wind‐dispersed. In a glasshouse experiment we manipulated the height of pollen donors and using sex‐specific genetic markers compared the paternal success of males of contrasting height and investigated whether seed families showed evidence of sexual dimorphism in early life‐history traits. In a second glasshouse experiment using fruiting plants we also examined how female height influenced the distance that seeds were dispersed. We found that taller males had significantly higher siring success than males of equivalent height to flowering females. Similarly, taller females dispersed fruit to greater distances than shorter females. Female seeds were significantly heavier than male seeds and germinated more rapidly, although early seedling growth was greater in males. Our study suggests that the striking sex reversal of height in R. hastatulus likely functions to optimize the contrasting reproductive functions of the sexes by promoting increased pollen and seed dispersal distances. Improved dispersal quality could limit inbreeding and reduce local mate and resource competition within populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleophilic substitutions are fundamentally important transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Despite the substantial advances in bimolecular nucleophilic substitutions (SN2) at saturated carbon centers, analogous SN2 reaction at the amide nitrogen atom remains extremely limited. Here we report an SN2 substitution method at the amide nitrogen atom with amine nucleophiles for nitrogen–nitrogen (N−N) bond formation that leads to a novel strategy toward biologically and medicinally important hydrazide derivatives. We found the use of sulfonate‐leaving groups at the amide nitrogen atom played a pivotal role in the reaction. This new N−N coupling reaction allows the use of O‐tosyl hydroxamates as electrophiles and readily available amines, including acyclic aliphatic amines and saturated N‐heterocycles as nucleophiles. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope (>80 examples), excellent functional group tolerability, and scalability. The method is applicable to late‐stage modification of various approved drug molecules, thus enabling complex hydrazide scaffold synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: D‐limonene is an important flavouring ingredient with a wide range of applications. However, its high volatility and low stability have severely impacted its application in the food industry. To address these limitations, temperature‐flavour release control system is expected to be established to reduce the loss of D‐limonene during processing and storage, as well as to control its release by temperature. The aim of the current study is to construct an oleogel system to encapsulate D‐limonene using carnauba wax as a gelling agent and palm oils (POs) as the base oil. POs with 24 °C, 38 °C, 42 °C, 48 °C, and 52 °C melting points were selected to systematically investigate the effects of the base oil melting point on the crystal morphology, interactions, physicochemical properties, microstructure, and D‐limonene release of the oleogels. The enthalpy of melting, enthalpy of crystallisation, hardness, stickiness, and gel strength increased in oleogels prepared using POs with a higher melting point. In addition, the oil‐binding capacity (OBC) (>95%) of the oleogels increased with the base oil melting point, while the fat crystal distribution became more homogeneous and denser. Based on the influence that extraction temperature has on the concentration of released D‐limonene (a lower concentration of aroma was released from high‐melting‐point POs oleogels at low temperatures (<1.9 mg mL−1), whereas the control group released >2.5 mg mL−1), suitable POs can be selected to achieve the release or retention of the aroma. These results demonstrate that a temperature‐responsive flavour delivery system can be prepared with different PO melting points. The molecular dynamics of flavour release revealed that storage temperature and fat crystalline state impact the cumulative release rate of D‐limonene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing in flowering plants have convergent morphological and genomic signatures and can involve parallel evolution within related lineages. Adaptive evolution of morphological traits is often assumed to evolve faster than nonadaptive features of the genomic selfing syndrome.We investigated phenotypic and genomic changes associated with transitions from distyly to homostyly in the Primula oreodoxa complex. We determined whether the transition to selfing occurred more than once and investigated stages in the evolution of morphological and genomic selfing syndromes using 22 floral traits and both nuclear and plastid genomic data from 25 populations.Two independent transitions were detected representing an earlier and a more recently derived selfing lineage. The older lineage exhibited classic features of the morphological and genomic selfing syndrome. Although features of both selfing syndromes were less developed in the younger selfing lineage, they exhibited parallel development with the older selfing lineage. This finding contrasts with the prediction that some genomic changes should lag behind adaptive changes to morphological traits.Our findings highlight the value of comparative studies on the timing and extent of transitions from outcrossing to selfing between related lineages for investigating the tempo of morphological and molecular evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rising demand for hydropower energy, China has built numerous concrete‐faced rockfill dams (CFRDs) with considerable heights. The potential failure pattern of the concrete face slab is the key to the safety of the anti‐seepage system. However, engineers commonly employ an elastic relationship to model the concrete face slab for simplicity, which induces inaccurate estimation of the face slab's stresses, especially under seismic conditions. On the other hand, the existing elastoplastic models for concrete often require complex derivation of the necessary formula and thus are difficult to apply to finite element (FE) analysis. Under the comprehensive action of the upstream water, supporting rockfill, and surrounding mountains, the damage mode of the quasibrittle concrete slab is not a tensile mode but a compressive shearing mode. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an elastoplastic model that is adapted to the actual working environment of the slab and easy to apply. To this end, a generalized plasticity model is developed within the phenomenology modeling concept, which is validated at both the experimental level and application level. The results indicate that three‐dimensional stress‒strain behaviors, such as the strength nonlinearity, prepeak dilatancy, and postpeak softening, can be effectively captured. In addition, the seismic characteristics of a 200‐m high CFRD are numerically investigated. The findings show that the slab's stress accumulation can be reflected during the earthquake and that the final stress distribution conforms to the field observations. The conclusions of this paper provide a reliable reference for the seismic resistance design of CFRDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]