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The role of sounds produced by free‐flying insects is challenging to research due to technical difficulties in obtaining audio recordings suitable for playback experiments. Experimental studies using flight sounds are needed to understand if buzzes carry information and by whom it is perceived.We developed the 'buzzOmeter system' for recording untethered, flying insects in their habitat, followed by file processing that allows precise measurements of acoustic parameters, including those dependent on the distance of the sound source from the microphone, that is signal magnitude measurements. The system consists of commercially available elements and open source software.We provide a practical guide for the assembly and use of two alternative setups of the buzzOmeter system, followed by a video tutorial on file processing and an R script for the assignment of audio recordings to the corresponding species based on mixture discriminant analysis. Recordings of nine insect species (bees, wasps and lepidopterans) obtained with the use of our system in various habitats demonstrate its feasibility for field studies.Diverse species interactions are based on sound, and our new tool can aid researchers studying acoustical signalling in predator–prey, pollinator‐plant and mimic‐model complexes, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward‐genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild‐type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate.Using whole‐genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild‐type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T‐DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs.BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA‐Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX‐1 and ‐2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate.Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For odontocetes, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be used to differentiate between occurrence and foraging through analysis of click characteristics. Feeding buzzes and navigation/searching echolocation clicks of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) were differentiated within C‐POD data from northwest Ireland between 2009 and 2017. The spatiotemporal distribution of foraging behavior was investigated using generalized additive modelling, at multiple temporal scales. Both the presence/absence of buzzes and foraging intensity (defined by buzz:click ratios) were determined. Feeding buzzes were identified in one third of porpoise positive hours, ranging from 15% in summer, to 40% in autumn, highlighting seasonal variation irrespective of porpoise occurrence. Complex interannual variation in foraging behavior was also shown across the time series. A strong nocturnal peak in foraging intensity was observed. We found increased porpoise foraging with dolphin species detections within the same hour, and a negative impact of construction activities, involving both impulsive and broadband noise. Results highlight the value of long‐term acoustic time series, by quantifying variation, and show that extracting foraging behavior from occurrence data can help to unravel habitat use patterns, responses to disturbance, and seasonal changes in behavior. Understanding when and how a species uses an area can better inform marine spatial planning and help mitigate anthropogenic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike a limited number of success stories of industrial clusters such as Silicon Valley and the Third Italy, many local industrial clusters in advanced economies are shrinking due to severe international competition. Some firms, however, continue to be resilient even in struggling clusters. This paper argues that managing a balanced web of trust‐based "pipelines" and "buzz" in the glocal relational space – balancing detachment and embeddedness – plays a crucial part in the success of these firms. In recent decades, economic geography has had a significant focus on intra‐ and inter‐firm pipelines and buzz inside and outside the cluster. Theoretical debates on the topic have flourished. However, empirical case studies, particularly from Japan, are limited. This study attempts to fill the gap through a longitudinal case study of leading firms in a local industry – the glove‐related industry of Shikoku, Japan. The paper suggests that bringing together the flying geese theory with the pipeline and buzz concept furthers our understanding of the processes at work. The study's results suggest that successful firms – "the lead geese" – manage long‐held pipelines as well as newly established ones in the glocal relational space. The paper concludes that it is forward‐looking, international‐oriented leading firms which have the potential to make the cluster resilient in sales and employment rather than the cluster taking the dominant role itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a specific strategy that developers of mobile applications may use to stimulate demand: The release of updates. We develop a theoretical analysis that shows that developers have incentives to release updates when experiencing a drop in performance. The predictions of the model are then tested using an unbalanced panel of top 1,000 apps in iTunes and Google Play for five European countries. We estimate that while in iTunes the release of an update stimulates a 26% increase in download growth, in Google Play updates play a less significant role. This difference is partly due to systematic differences in apps and in developers operating in the two stores ("selection effect"), and partly to a lack of quality control on apps and updates in Google Play ("quality check effect"). These findings highlight the crucial importance of an appropriate management of updates as well as the relevance of institutional characteristics of the app stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a plethora of literature in the last few years attempting to conceptualise how the (international) firm operates in the notion of what has been termed ‘buzz’. In this paper, we aim to highlight how the use of social network analysis (SNA) can provide a nuanced view of ‘buzz’, through a focus on London's advertising industry. In this case study, we use the data on interlocking board members of the advertising companies in London, and visualise their network maps through sociograms. This method of analysis, under-utilised in the economic geography literature, highlights the intensity of connections between companies and particular individuals. It shows the paths of knowledge flow within the industry, and can highlight the key ‘gatekeepers’ within what is already known to be a highly networked and socialised industry. This is a specific conceptualisation of interaction and provides a quantitative conception of what has hitherto been largely evaluated through qualitative means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]