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BACKGROUND: Conventional treatment processes and existing photocatalysts have proven insufficient in efficiently removing aldrin and dieldrin. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the removal of aldrin and dieldrin from surface water using a titanium dioxide/graphene oxide/copper ferrite (TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄) nanocomposite. RESULTS: The highest photodegradation efficiencies for aldrin (100%) and dieldrin (99%) were achieved with a TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite dosage of 1.3 mg L−1, at a sunlight intensity of 9 W m−2 and an optimal photodegradation time of 25 min. The maximum UV absorption wavelength of the TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite was observed at 365 nm. The quantum yield of the nanocomposite was recorded as 2.69 × 102 mol einstein−1, and its bandgap energy was determined to be 3.31 eV. The first‐order kinetic rate constants for aldrin and dieldrin were calculated as 0.05 and 0.047 min−1, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystal structure of CuFe₂O₄/TiO₂, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected carboxylic, epoxy, carbonyl and other oxygenated groups within the TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that CuFe₂O₄ was situated on the outer layer of GO. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis identified the elemental composition of the TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite as comprising GO, C, Cu, Fe, Ti and O. A reusability study demonstrated that the nanocomposite maintained excellent performance, achieving 99% removal efficiency after 79 cycles and 97% after 100 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: The TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite effectively removed aldrin and dieldrin from surface water. This nanocomposite holds promise for the remediation of other aquatic ecosystems, such as bays, rivers and ocean waters. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Using the prepared Ag3PO4/WO3·H2O composite as the matrix, AgI nanoparticles were introduced onto the surface of Ag3PO4 to construct AgI/Ag3PO4/WO3·H2O ternary heterojunction photocatalysts. The ternary composite photocatalysts exhibited higher photocatalytic degradation activities for rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) than those of binary Ag3PO4/WO3·H2O and AgI/WO3·H2O photocatalysts and individual AgI, Ag3PO4, and WO3·H2O photocatalysts. After exposure to visible light for 12 and 24 min, the removal efficiencies of RhB and TCH by the S2‐50% photocatalyst (50% molar percentage of AgI to Ag3PO4) reached 98.0% and 85.3%, respectively. After four degradation cycles, the removal efficiency of RhB by S2‐50% remained at 93.2%, significantly surpassing that of the Ag3PO4/WO3·H2O photocatalyst. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the AgI/Ag3PO4/WO3·H2O photocatalyst is primarily attributed to the formation of Z‐scheme/conventional Type II heterojunctions, which facilitate spatial separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes while maintaining the strong reductive capabilities of electrons in the AgI conduction band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the polymerization of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) precursor is regarded as a desirable pathway to boost its photocatalytic activity. However, the current has been seldomly concerned in adjusting the polymerization of g‐C3N4 precursor based on the structural characteristics of fly ash (FA). This study manipulates the polymerization reaction of dicyandiamide through alkali treatment of fly ash (KOH‐FA, CaOH‐FA and NaOH‐FA), yielding three g‐C3N4‐based composite photocatalysts (CaFA‐CN, KFA‐CN, and NaFA‐CN) with varying degrees of polymerization. Compared to the zeolite structures of fly ash treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the fly ash treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) developed calcium silicate hydrate, leading to a more complex surface structure. Isotherm adsorption model analysis revealed that Ca(OH)2‐FA's adsorption of methylene blue fits the Freundlich model, indicating uneven distribution of active sites. This unevenness results in an uneven collision probability during the high‐temperature polymerization of dicyandiamide, leading to incomplete polymerization and the formation of the CaFA‐CN catalyst with more amino groups and fewer carbon‐nitrogen heterocycles. This incomplete polymerization enabled CaFA‐CN to achieve a 55.3% degradation efficiency of methylene blue within 60 minutes. The photocatalytic activity of CaFA‐CN is 4.03 times that of the original g‐C3N4 (19.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H2 and O2 evolutions occur simultaneously for conventional particulate photocatalytic overall water splitting (PPOWS), leading to a significant backward reaction and the formation of an explosive H2/O2 gas mixture. This is an issue that must be addressed prior to industrialization of PPOWS. Here, a convenient, cost‐effective, and scalable concept is introduced to uncouple hydrogen and oxygen production for PPOWS. Based on this idea, a three‐component photocatalyst, Co(5 %)‐HPCN/(rGO/Pt), is constructed, consisting of a photoresponsive chip (HPCN), a H2 evolution cocatalyst (rGO/Pt), and a cobalt complex capable of reversibly binding O2 (Co), to achieve the decoupling of PPOWS under alternating UV and visible light irradiations. The asynchronous O2 and H2 evolution strategy have considerable flexibility regarding the photocatalyst structure and light sources suitable for PPOWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imine‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising for photocatalytic water splitting, but their performance is often constrained by inefficient charge separation due to the high electron localization nature of polar imine bonds. In this study, we have optimized the electron delocalization across the imine linkage within a COF by implementing a charge compensation effect. This effect is achieved when a strong electron‐donating thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene linker is directly attached to the iminic carbon of a zinc‐porphyrinic COF. This modification significantly reduces the electron binding effect within the imine bonds of the COF, facilitating both in‐plane charge separation and out‐plane charge transfer to the catalytic site. Conversely, the use of strong electron‐withdrawing pyrizine linker aggravates the electron localization at the imine linkage in the ZnP−Pz variant. Consequently, ZnP−Tt shows a substantially improved photocatalytic water‐splitting activity under visible light irradiation, with a hydrogen evolution of 44288±2280 μmol g−1 in 4 h, which exceeds the ZnP−Pz counterpart by a factor of 10. These results offer fresh perspectives for the design of imine‐based COFs to overcome their limitations in charge separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of polycyclic compounds is highly valued due to the ubiquitous presence of these structures in pharmaceuticals and natural substances. Cycloaddition reactions are notable as one of the most important reaction classes in chemical synthesis due to their ability to generate polycyclic compounds in a single step using straightforward and easily accessible starting materials. In recent times, visible‐light‐mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for enabling a wide range of transformations. Significant advancements have been achieved in dearomative cycloaddition reactions induced by visible light over the past several years. This review offers an overview of visible‐light‐induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions categorized according to the method of substrate excitation ‐ a) Visible light induced dearomative photocatalytic cycloaddition by Energy Transfer (EnT); b) Visible light induced dearomative cycloaddition by direct excitation; c) Visible light induced dearomative radical cyclization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the activation of the persulfate process through heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts to expedite the reduction of uranyl ions (U(VI)) is imperative. The primary hurdle involves understanding the transfer and distribution of photogenerated carriers during the reduction process in this intricate system and deciphering the role of activated groups in promoting reduction efficiency. In this study, we strategically regulate the structure of polymeric carbon nitride to promote the N‐doped state, thereby facilitating delocalization electron enrichment. The resulting active sites effectively activate peroxyl disulfate (PDS), generating radicals that expedite the selective reduction of U(VI). This strategic approach mitigates the inherent disadvantage of the short half‐life of free radicals in persulfate‐based advanced oxidation processes. As a consequence of our endeavors and with the simultaneous presence of PDS and hydrogen peroxide, we achieve an exceptional photoreduction efficiency of 100% within a remarkably short period of 20 min. This breakthrough presents a high‐efficiency application with significant potential for addressing the pollution associated with uranyl‐containing wastewater. Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of AOPs but also offer a practical solution with implications for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is a green method for converting N2 to NH3, but it remains a challenging task due to the lack of effective photocatalysts. Herein, a series of porous metal covalent organic polymers (MCOPs) with the integration of dinuclear rhodium(II) catalytic centers were rationally constructed for photocatalytic N2 fixation. Interestingly, the porous MCOPs had double‐layers two‐dimensional (2D) structures with the coordinated Rh(II) as the point of registry. The photocatalytic experiment showed that Rh‐TAPA with significant donor‐acceptor (D−A) features exhibited a high activity toward NH3 production with a rate of 319.8 μmol g−1 h−1. The electron transfer process, N2 adsorption and activation mechanism of RhCOPs were further investigated through comprehensive characterization, including DFT calculations and in situ characterization. This work provided a valuable insight into the photocatalytic N2 fixation process with porous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was performed to synthesize eco‐friendly nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) from the aqueous extract of Fissidens species (FS) and explore its biological activities. Phytochemicals, namely, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates and phenols, were present in the aqueous extract of Fissidens sp. The UV–Vis and FT‐IR analyses of FS‐NiONPs revealed a prominent peak at 392 nm, along with functional groups that facilitate the formation of FS‐NiONPs. XRD spectrum confirmed the crystalline nature and SEM with EDX depicted the irregular, aggregated clusters and purity of FS‐NiONPs. The photocatalytic activity against RB94 was achieved within 20 min with maximum decolorization efficiency (93%). The experimental data of adsorption studies fitted well with Langmuir isotherm, showcasing the monolayer adsorption of RB94 through chemisorption process. The thermodynamic study revealed that the dye removal was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. The results of antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity study revealed the potentiality of FS‐NiONPs in clinical and agricultural applications. Hence, this study emphasizes the eco‐friendly synthesis of FS‐NiONPs and highlights its decolorization potential, antimicrobial activity and growth promoting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineered polymeric carbon nitride represents a promising class of metal‐free semiconductor photocatalysts for organic synthesis. Herein, we utilized engineered polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets, which exhibit an increased specific surface area and band gap due to enhanced quantum confinement from vacancy enrichment. These nanosheets serve as a heterogeneous organic semiconductor photocatalyst to facilitate diverse functionalizations of electron‐rich alkenes, including arylsulfonylation, aminodifluoroalkylation, and oxytrifluoromethylation. This catalytic system operates under mild conditions, offering excellent functional group compatibility and high yields. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrates outstanding recyclability and efficiency in flow reactors, highlighting its significant potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyridine core is a crucial component in numerous FDA‐approved drugs and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulated agrochemicals. It also plays a significant role in ligands for transition metals, alkaloids, catalysts, and various organic materials with diverse properties, making it one of the most important structural frameworks. However, despite its significance, direct and selective functionalization of pyridine is still relatively underdeveloped due to its electron‐deficient nature and the strong coordinating ability of nitrogen. Among the variety of synthetic transformation, direct functionalization of C−H bond is straightforward and atom economical approach and it's advantageous for late‐stage functionalization of pyridine containing drugs. In recent years, innovative strategies for regioselective C−H functionalization of pyridines and azines have emerged, offering numerous benefits such as high regioselectivity, mild conditions, and enabling transformations that were challenging with traditional methods. This review emphasizes the latest advancements in meta and para‐C−H functionalization of pyridines through various approaches, including pyridine phosphonium salts, photocatalytic methods, temporary de‐aromatization, Minisci‐type reactions, and transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation techniques. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these current methods and aim to inspire further progress in this significant field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green EDAS–(CuO–Ag) nanocomposite was synthesized using Syzygium cumini seed extract. S. cumini seed extract act as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using different techniques such as UV–vis, FT‐IR, XRD, HRTEM, BET, and XPS. Photocatalytic activity was examined by subjecting it to UV light irradiation conditions and measuring its performance in degradation methylene blue. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of nanocomposite was assessed against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results revealed that the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities are in following order: CuO < CuO–Ag < EDAS–(CuO–Ag). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work involves the preparation of pure ZnO and gadolinium‐doped ZnO nanoparticles with the general formula GdxZn1−xO (X = 0–0.05) by wet chemical coprecipitation technique. XRD outcomes confirmed that these nanoparticles exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure of zinc oxide lacking any secondary phase. The calculated average crystallite size declined from 33 to 28 nm. Through SEM analysis, the shape and morphology of the sample were determined, which showed nanoflakes‐like structures, and EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition of Gd‐doped ZnO nanoparticles. UV–vis DRS spectral studies indicate good optical capabilities with a decline in the bandgap from 3.4 to 2.6 eV with an incline in doping concentration. Photoluminescence studies exhibited a green emission peak at 378 nm. Additionally, photodegradation of these nanoparticles was assessed through degradation of MB dye, which showed 94% of dye degradation. Synthesized nanoparticles show good electrochemical performance in CV studies. Pure ZnO and Gd‐ZnO were examined against Gram‐positive Enterococcus faecalis and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria, and it was initiated that the zone of inhibition of antibacterial activity improved with gadolinium doping compared to the pure ZnO nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, silver was loaded onto ZnO using the photoreduction method to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO in the visible region. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO and Ag/ZnO was investigated for the gas‐phase degradation of volatile organic compounds such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, and toluene under visible light irradiation. The Ag/ZnO effectively decomposed ethyl acetate, toluene, and ethanol separately and in a mixed state. The characteristics of Ag/ZnO and ZnO were studied using XRD, SEM, EDAX, XPS, BET, UV–vis DRS, and PL analyses. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of metallic silver in the Ag/ZnO photocatalyst. The PL results showed that the loading of Ag on the ZnO significantly reduces the photoelectron‐hole pairs recombination in Ag/ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cyclopropane unit plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical compound design and organic transformation. In this study, we have developed a novel redox‐neutral photocatalytic cyclopropanation method involving dibromomethane and alkenes. This chemistry enables the synthesis of valuable functional group‐substituted cyclopropanes using readily available starting materials and practical reaction conditions. Additionally, we have demonstrated the versatility of the products as precursors for various cyclopropane derivatives with different substituents. Importantly, this protocol facilitates the synthesis of a key unit found in a specific type of T‐type calcium channel blocker. Furthermore, the proposed reaction mechanism is well‐supported by control experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of polymer blends such as epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in immobilizing titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts has enticed many researchers. However, the presence of polymer limits the photocatalytic activity by hindering the surface‐active site of the immobilized TiO2. In this study, photoetching treatment with the presence of dye was successfully applied on the immobilized TiO2/ENR/PVC (TEP) to enhance the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. Priorly, a dip coating technique was used to immobilize the TEP. The dye photoetching treatment was performed for several cycles to determine the reusability of the immobilized TEP. Furthermore, it demonstrated a significant enhancement of photocatalytic activity at which the best performance with the pseudo‐first‐order rate constant, k value of 0.1483 min−1 at the 13th cycle. The nonetched, photoetched TEP without dye and dye photoetched TEP have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and PEC. It is believed that the dye photoetched TEP will produce a good photocatalytic activity and PEC performance due to the presence of dye stimulant during the photoetching treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible‐light‐induced photoredox‐catalyzed radical tandem cyclization of o‐isocyanodiaryl amines with arylthiodifluoroalkyl 2‐pyridyl sulfones or difluormethyl bromides has been realized for the first time. The reaction works with a broad range of substrates and provides a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 11‐difluoromethyl‐substituted dibenzodiazepines from easily available starting materials in very mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report the results of the photocatalytic effect of the cost effective grown SnSe nanoparticles (NPs), nanoflakes (NFs), nanoflowers (NFLs) on the toxic water contaminant dye of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation different duration time. The results showed that for the degradation of 99 %, 96 % and 94 % of the RhB have been occurred in presence of NFs, NFLs, NPs, respectively for the irradiation time of 30 min, 45 min, 65 min, respectively. Before photocatalytic test, the grown SnSe were characterised optically and structurally. The nanoparticles, nano flakes, nanoflowers morphology along with atomic composition of Sn and Se were observed from FESEM images and EDAX analysis. The direct band gap of the NPs, NFs, NFLs was calculated from UV‐VIS spectrum and found to be 1.89 eV, 1.78 eV, 1.7 eV, respectively. The crystal structure showed orthorhombic crystal phase with nanocrystal sizes varies from 22 nm to 31 nm. The Scavenger test in presence of the scavenging elements BQ, IPA, ethanol and EDTA have been discussed. The stability test showed that SnSe NFs is a good and stable catalysis for practical applications. The effect of the NFs, NPs, NFLs on red blood cell showed that all the tested SnSe nanostructures had <2 % hemolysis, suggesting their hemocompatible nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating demand for plastics has resulted in a surge of plastic waste worldwide, posing a monumental environmental challenge. To address this issue, a versatile photo‐oxidative degradation method applicable to seven distinct polymer families is proposed, comprising poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (PIBVE), poly(2,3‐dihydrofuran) (PDHF), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (PEGMEA), and even poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This method employs photo‐mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) followed by oxidation to promote polymer degradation. This reaction is carried out under aerobic condition in the presence of iron trichloride (FeCl3) as a photocatalyst in combination with low‐intensity purple light irradiation. The process can degrade up to 97% of the polymer in less than 3 h. This degradation process can be easily controlled by switching the light off, which allows for precise modulation of the degradation rate, enhancing the effectiveness of the method. Overall, this method provides a sustainable method for degrading various polymer types with low energy input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of near‐infrared (NIR) light‐activated hydrogen‐producing materials that enable the controlled generation and high‐concentration release of hydrogen molecules in deep tumor tissues and enhance the effects of hydrogen therapy holds significant scientific importance. To address the key technical challenge of low‐efficiency oxidation–reduction reactions for narrow‐bandgap photocatalytic materials, this work proposes an innovative approach for the controllable fabrication of multiphoton photocatalytic materials to overcome the limitations imposed by traditional near‐infrared photocatalysts with "narrow‐bandgap" constraints. Herein, an NIR‐responsive multiphoton photocatalyst, ZrTc‐Co, is developed by utilizing a post‐synthetic coordination modification strategy to introduce hydrogenation active site CoII into a multiphoton responsive MOF (ZrTc). The results reveal that with the introduction of the CoII site, electron–hole recombination can be efficiently suppressed, thus promoting the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction. In addition, the integration of CoII can effectively enhance charge transfer and improve static hyperpolarizability, which endows ZrTc‐Co with excellent multiphoton absorption. Moreover, hyaluronic acid modification endows ZrTc‐Co with cancer cell‐specific targeting characteristics, laying the foundation for tumor‐specific elimination. Collectively, the proposed findings present a strategy for constructing NIR‐II light‐mediated hydrogen therapeutic agents for deep tumor elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary focus on global concerns such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions impacting the environment and contributing to the energy crisis has prompted exploration into alternatives, with photocatalysis emerging as a potential solution. This research involved the development of a PT (TiO2) photocatalyst, synthesized through the hydrothermal method and enhanced with double co‐catalysts of copper and nickel via the wet impregnation technique. The characteristics of the resulting photocatalysts were comprehensively examined using various techniques, including XRD, Raman, UV‐Vis DRS, surface area and pore analysis, SEM‐EDX, HRTEM, XPS, PL, and EPR. The characterization outcomes revealed that the PT phase comprised anatase, brookite, and rutile. The incorporation of double co‐catalysts was evident through the emergence of new peaks in the XRD diffraction pattern, corroborated by SEM, HRTEM, and XPS analysis. In the activity test, CNT‐4 (Cu−Ni/TiO2‐400) exhibited the highest methanol yield at 772.41 μmole g−1 h−1, followed by CONTT‐4 (CuO−NiTiO3/TiO2‐400) with 750.38 μmole g−1 h−1 after three hours of irradiation using a 300 W xenon lamp, while methanol in PT formed only after three hours of irradiation. The presence of co‐catalysts significantly influenced methanol yield, attributed to the increased active sites for the reaction and the reduced band gap, impacting light absorption optimization and suppressing electron‐hole recombination. In CNT‐4, the formation of Ti3+ associated with oxygen vacancies facilitated the generation of more products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of ZnO particles with varying morphologies—triangular, spherical, and urchin‐like—that were produced through a simple, solvothermal process. The morphology, surface area, and photocatalytic performance of the ZnO particles could be customized by meticulously regulating the synthesis parameters, particularly the temperature and solvent. The findings indicated that all samples crystallized as pure wurtzite ZnO with a uniform crystallite size of 34.7 ± 1.8 nm and energy band gap of 3.29 eV. The spherical E‐200 particles, which exhibit the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieved an average of 25.27 ± 5.88% methylene blue (MB) degradation after 24 h. These particles were distinguished by a significant surface area of 30.56 m2/g and an average pore size of 45 nm. Furthermore, all ZnO samples exhibited a significant adsorption capacity (≤ 20%) for MB under dark condition, underscoring their potential as effective adsorbents for environmental pollutants. These results emphasize the significance of precise synthesis and morphology control in the optimization of functional properties of ZnO for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review comprehensively explores the integration of photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technologies for hydrogen production via water splitting, in synergy with the efficient conversion of biomass resources. This synergistic strategy significantly boosts hydrogen production rates in both PC and PEC systems and enhances solar energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, it enables selective conversion of cost‐effective biomass via precise modulation of catalyst structures, paving a novel pathway for green hydrogen generation and synthesis of high‐value chemicals. Specifically, the manuscript highlights recent progress in the oxidation and coupling reactions of biomass derivatives, such as methanol, ethanol, glycerol, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, in PC/PEC systems. It reveals their potential to enhance hydrogen production efficiency and the synthesis of high‐value organic compounds. Future research should focus on employing in‐situ characterization techniques and theoretical simulations to deeply understand reaction mechanisms, thus advancing the field of biomass conversion through photocatalytic/photoelectrocatalytic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great research and application value in various types of hydrosilylation reactions. However, studies on photocatalysis‐induced hydrosilylation using MOFs are extremely rare. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs)@MOFs are extensively studied for their excellent structural tunability and photocatalytic activity, but there are few reports on their application in photocatalytic hydrosilylation. Here, a novel photocatalyst consisting of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles immobilized in a MOF framework is synthesized and used for photocatalytic hydrosilylation. The effects of various factors on hydrosilylation conversion are investigated, including catalyst concentration, substrate ratio, and irradiation intensity. Furthermore, the photoreactivity of the synthesized Pt catalyst is evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of 2‐chlorothixanthone as a photosensitizer. It is noteworthy that the conversion of the reaction increases with increasing catalyst concentration or photosensitizer concentration, whereas increasing the polymethylhydrosiloxane content does not lead to a significant increase in conversion. This study demonstrates the potential of MNPs@MOFs as efficient photocatalysts for photoinduced hydrosilylation reactions and paves the way for future applications in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of triple metal oxide nanocomposites has revolutionized materials science due to their unique properties resulting from the interaction of multiple oxide components. This study aimed to synthesize mixed metal oxide nanocomposites using a co‐precipitation method with copper sulfate, silver nitrate, and potassium permanganate as precursor salts and sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent. The resulting Ag−Cu−MnO triple metal composite was extensively characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). The composite exhibited effective bactericidal efficacy against various bacterial strains, including Enterobacter bugandensis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the composite demonstrated notable photocatalytic activity, degrading 87.26 % of 50 ppm Eosin Yellow within 140 minutes under sunlight irradiation, as monitored by a UV‐vis spectrophotometer. This study highlights the dual functionality of the synthesized composite as both a photocatalyst and an antibacterial agent. These findings underscore its potential for diverse applications in environmental remediation and healthcare, marking a significant advancement in materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles were synthesized using sol‐gel method and annealed at 450 °C, 550 °C, 650 °C, and 750 °C for 2 hours. The role of annealing temperature on structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles was studied. XRD patterns of BiFeO3 nanoparticles confirm the rhombohedral structure with a mean crystallite size of 40 nm. The optical bandgap of the BiFeO3 nanoparticles increased from 1.9 eV to 2.02 eV with annealing temperature. From photoluminescence spectra, it was observed that the BiFeO3 nanoparticles showed a clear emission peak at 565 nm and its intensity decreased with annealing temperature. Magnetic properties of the BiFeO3 nanoparticles were studied at room temperature and different magnetic behaviours were found in BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The BiFeO3 nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetism at low annealing temperatures and diamagnetic nature at high annealing temperatures. The AC conductivity studies showed that BiFeO3 nanoparticles possess a dielectric constant of 170 with the least dielectric loss. The BiFeO3 nanoparticles annealed at 750 °C were studied for photocatalytic properties and showed good photocatalytic activity in the visible region. A prominent absorption peak at 663 nm in absorption spectra due to MB and it confirm the utility of BFO as photocatalyst applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene to phenol is an important reaction for the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. However, the development of efficient and selective photocatalysts for this reaction remains a challenge. Here, a highly active and selective Fe‐MOF/2D‐montmorillonite (Fe‐MOF/MMT) photocatalyst was prepared via an in‐situ method for the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol under the visible light irradiation. The Fe‐MOF/MMT composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with phenol yield of 30.3 % and benzene selectivity of 96.5 % within 4 hours. The high activity and selectivity of the Fe‐MOF/MMT photocatalyst were attributed to the synergistic effect between the Fe‐MOF and MMT, as well as the unique 2D structure of MMT, which facilitated charge separation and transfer. The Fe‐MOF/MMT composite also showed good stability and re‐used without significant decrease of activity. This study demonstrated that the potential of Fe‐MOF/MMT as a highly efficient and selective photocatalyst for the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol and provided an insight into the design of advanced photocatalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore how altering solvothermal duration influences the characteristics of the resulting products, spanning crystal structure, band gap energy, morphology, and photocatalytic performance. Bismuth‐rich oxyiodide was synthesized via the solvothermal method by dissolving Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O and KI in ethylene glycol. The mixture underwent heating in a Teflon autoclave stainless steel at 120 °C for durations of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Analysis using FTIR revealed the presence of Bi−O and I−O bonds. Diffractograms indicated that all products exhibited traits of Bi4O5I2, with slight traces of Bi5O7I. Distinct band gap energies were observed across the solvothermal durations: 2 eV for 6 hours, 2.08 eV for 12 hours, and 1.89 eV for both 24 and 48 hours, delineating temporal nuances in product properties. Noteworthy, the morphology of the 12 hour variant revealed surface pores, indicative of intricate structural features. Notably, the 12 hour product exhibited the pinnacle of photocatalytic efficacy in methyl orange decolorization under UV light. Furthermore, investigations into photocatalyst mass variations and the inclusion of additional dyes, such as rhemazol black B, further elucidated the robust photocatalytic potential inherent in the B12 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) under ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of ZnO catalyst was investigated, and optimum parameters for degradation efficiency were determined. Different pH values, ZnO dosages, reaction times, OTC concentrations, and UV lights were used in this study. The optimum conditions found were as follows: pH 4, ZnO 1 g L−1, reaction time 25 min, and OTC concentration 10 mg L−1. Degradation efficiency was 42.1%, 76%, 70.7%, and 61.7% for ZnO and photocatalytic (for UV‐A, UV‐B, and UV‐C) degradation at optimal conditions, respectively. The resulting products after the photocatalytic oxidation of OTC were determined in the study. To identify the toxicity of degradation products and OTC, the lowest LC 50 (50% lethal concentration) and EC 50 (50% effective concentration) values were found. The resulting ethanamine, 2‐(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐N‐methyl‐ by‐products were observed to be more toxic than OTC. Furthermore, it was seen that isopropoxy carbamic acid, ethyl ester by‐products were formed, whose presence is environmentally risky for aquatic environments due to their low EC50 values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents an overview of recent developments and advancements in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) and based materials. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) has received great amount of attention because of its potential as a clean and sustainable energy source and PHI based materials have emerged as promising candidates for this purpose due to their distinct structural properties, improved light absorption, charge separation and reduced recombination. This review discusses the essential concepts of PHE and the potential of poly(heptazine imide) materials and their derivatives as photocatalysts and also the limitations of these materials in photocatalytic activity. It addresses the synthetic routes and strategies adopted to enhance the photocatalytic activity of these materials including surface modifications, band engineering, doping, loading co‐catalysts and composites & heterojunction construction. Furthermore, the recent works in photocatalytic H2 evolution using PHI and based materials have been summarized and discussed. Additionally, we examined the challenges and future outlooks in this field, emphasizing the need for scalable and cost‐effective production methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of lanthanum‐doped ZnCr‐layered double hydroxide (La/ZnCr‐LDH) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by a facial hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic activity for degradation tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) were evaluated under visible light irradiation. The structure and physicochemical properties of the as‐synthesized photocatalysts were well characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalyst with La doping content of 10 % (molar ratio La3+/(La3++Cr3+), La/ZnCr‐LDH‐10) has optimal performance for TCH removal (87.2 %) among all synthesized photocatalysts. Radical trapping experiments and Valence Band‐XPS (VB‐XPS) were used to propose a possible photocatalytic degradation process for TCH by La/ZnCr‐LDH‐10 photocatalyst. This strategy can be used to modify other photocatalysts for efficient removal of organic pollution in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the traditional treatment processes for purifying wastewater contaminated with Rhodamine B (RhB), semiconductor photocatalysis is the most effective technology because it can oxidize organic pollutants and convert them into CO2, H2O, and other harmless molecules in a safe and efficient manner. According to literature research, it is feasible to enhance the performance of g‐C3 N4 as a photocatalyst by constructing a heterojunction with other photocatalytic materials. Morphological regulation of carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a viable strategy for improving its photocatalytic activities. By controlling the morphology of g‐C3N4, factors such as light absorption, specific surface area, charge separation, and reaction sites can be optimized to enhance its photocatalytic efficiency. Three‐dimensional tremella‐like carbon nitride (3DT‐CN) and 3D‐CN/TiO2/HNTs (halloysite nanotubes) were prepared using bubble templates and an impregnation method respectively. The Z‐scheme heterojunction structure constructed by 3D‐CN and TiO2 promotes electron‐hole separation. Catalytic experiments demonstrated that under irradiation for 120 min, the 3D‐CN/TiO2/HNTs catalyst could eliminate 86.48 % of Rhodamine B (RhB). Additionally, active radicals such as e‐, h+, ⋅OH, and ⋅O2‐ are involved in RhB degradation. Therefore, the three‐dimensional tremella‐like 3D‐CN/TiO2/HNTs heterojunction photocatalyst has great potential for environmental purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A poly(methyl methacrylate)/TiO2 (PMMA/TiO2) hybrid was synthesized in the presence of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent. Different types of TiO2 rutile, anatase, and P25 were employed in this study, and the morphology, crystalline structure, particle size, thermal properties, photocatalytic activity, and antibacterial activity were investigated. The results show that the particle size of the PMMA/TiO2 hybrids was in the range of 73.3 nm to 210.0 nm. The morphology of the PMMA/TiO2 hybrid was spherical with a narrow particle size distribution. The thermal properties of the PMMA/TiO2 hybrid were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of the PMMA/TiO2 was higher than that of pristine PMMA. The photocatalytic properties were investigated by monitoring the color changes of methylene blue (MB). It was found that the MB degradation for the PMMA hybrid anatase TiO2 (PMMA/aTiO2) reached 80%, which was similar to that for the PMMA hybrid P25TiO2 at 83% in 60 min. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the PMMA/TiO2 hybrids were estimated. The MIC of PMMA hybrid anatase TiO2 was 9.65 mg mL−1 (P. aeruginosa) and 19.33 mg mL−1 (S. aureus) which can inhibit the bacteria. The MBC results of the PMMA/aTiO2 were 19.33 mg mL−1 for both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Highlights: TiO2 nanoparticle encapsulation with poly(methyl methacrylate) via mini‐emulsion polymerization.Encapsulated particles exhibit excellent photocatalytic properties.Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) crosslinking ensures stability, enhances photocatalytic property.The influence of TEGDMA on the hybrid was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of semiconductor photocatalystshas become an important research area. 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is recognized as a promising catalyst for photoelectrocatalytic and photocatalytic (PC) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, owing to its 2D nature of low optical cross‐section, the effective light absorption needs to be further boosted. Herein, we dramatically amplify the light‐matter interaction by hybridizing these photocatalysts with plasmonic materials that present strong electromagnetic field confinement and with nanowires that offer efficient light management. Such a system is designed in the heterostructure of silicon nanowires (SiNW)/ gold nanoparticles (AuNP)/ MoS2 nanofilms (SiNW/AuNP/MoS2), which demonstrates excellent PC HER. The absorption frequency of 2D‐MoS2, the resonance frequency of the 0D‐AuNP, and the antireflection frequency of 1D‐SiNW match with the visible range, enabling this heterostructure to effectively utilize solar energy. Additionally, an optimal MoS2 nanofilm that is a mixture of 1 T and 2 H phases was prepared with high reproducibility using facile pyrolysis. Moreover, the SiNW substrate validates high antireflection properties, achieving 95% visible light absorption. In addition, SiNW forms a p–n junction with the MoS2 to facilitate charge separation. The synergetic hybrid of 1D‐SiNW/0D‐AuNP/2D‐MoS2 nanofilms exhibits the highest hydrogen generation rate of 246 mmol g−1 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their highly predictable porous structures, facile synthesis, and the presence of functional open metal sites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are extensively employed in various fields, including energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, and separation. Nevertheless, the limited hydrolytic stability exhibited by numerous MOFs poses a significant challenge to their practical application. In the present study, we present the synthesis and characterization of a uranyl organic framework (TCPP‐U1) with a highly porous structure, which is constructed by assembling cobalt, uranyl, and the porphyrin ligand 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP). However, TCPP‐U1 demonstrates poor hydrolytic stability when exposed to water (the structure can be destroyed even after 2 min of exposure to water), greatly impeding its potential applications that would benefit from its high surface area. To address this limitation, we developed a hybrid composite by incorporating acid‐treated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the TCPP‐U1 framework via a solvothermal method designated as CNTs@TCPP‐U1. Remarkably, the obtained CNTs@TCPP‐U1 composite possesses an identical crystal structure and morphology to the original TCPP‐U1 yet exhibits significant enhancements in hydrolytic stability (the structure remains stable even after 3 days of immersion in water). Furthermore, CNTs@TCPP‐U1 demonstrates a significant photocatalytic effect on the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride in aqueous solutions. The reaction rate constant (k) for the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model is 0.0059 min−1. Our findings present a novel perspective for enhancing the stability and expanding the performance of MOFs materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as oxidizing agents are a promising technology. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to initially construct carbazole‐based D‐π‐A type conjugated polymer (PBNCZ) via the oxidative coupling. Additionally, introducing ─COO− through Cyano hydrolysis extends its conjugated structure and improves the energy band structure, which greatly facilitates the generation of •OH as well as the enrichment of pollutants. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations have proved that the introduction of ─COO− enhances the adsorption of O2 and bisphenol A (BPA), optimizing the reaction path of •OH. Thus, it completely decomposes 10 ppm of BPA within just 10 min, exceeding all previously organic photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production by PBNCZ‐COO− reaches 1719.03 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light. This multifunctional material with high adsorption capacity, photodegradation efficiency, and photocatalytic H2O2 production activity provides a solid foundation for the preparation of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as oxidizing agents are a promising technology. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to initially construct carbazole‐based D‐π‐A type conjugated polymer (PBNCZ) via the oxidative coupling. Additionally, introducing ─COO− through Cyano hydrolysis extends its conjugated structure and improves the energy band structure, which greatly facilitates the generation of •OH as well as the enrichment of pollutants. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations have proved that the introduction of ─COO− enhances the adsorption of O2 and bisphenol A (BPA), optimizing the reaction path of •OH. Thus, it completely decomposes 10 ppm of BPA within just 10 min, exceeding all previously organic photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production by PBNCZ‐COO− reaches 1719.03 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light. This multifunctional material with high adsorption capacity, photodegradation efficiency, and photocatalytic H2O2 production activity provides a solid foundation for the preparation of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a high‐efficiency nano‐fungicide with synergistic effect was obtained by combining polycrystalline MoS2 with layered nano‐BP to form heterojunction, which had a new photothermal‐photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism to Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative and drug‐resistance bacteria under NIR. BP/MoS2 whose lethality of bacteria could reach nearly 100 % at 400 μg/L, exhibited the highest photothermal lysis efficiency against E. coli, B. pumilus and A. baumannii. It was found that the heterojunction could be heated up to 51.8 °C within 5 minutes by photothermal conversion, and it also had an excellent performance of photothermal cycle. High temperature and stability of the material endowed it with an outstanding and long‐lasting bactericidal effect. In addition, a series of in vitro free radical experiments was designed, the existence of ⋅O2− and 1O2 in BP/MoS2‐NIR system was verified. And the Way of ROS production and the mechanism of action were discussed by EPR test. Subsequently, two mechanisms of synergistic antibacterial action were summarized, that is, abundant ROS and high temperature could destroy cell wall damage and lysis of bacteria effectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the synergistic antibacterial action of NIR photothermal and photocatalysis of BP system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a modular photocatalytic platform for the site‐selective pyridination of saturated hydrocarbon compounds employing organic photoredox catalysis to forge new carbon‐carbon bonds. The site‐selective C−H pyridination could couple benzylic/allylic C−H bonds with pyridylphosphonium salts, which installed directly and regioselectively from C−H heteroarenes through a radical‐radical cross coupling mechanism. This synthetic methodology could tolerate a variety of functional groups, complex heteroarenes, even late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals selectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a type II CeO2/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunction composite photocatalytic material with different proportions was synthesized. The structure, morphology, and photocatalytic properties of CeO2/Bi2O2CO3 were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and XPS. SEM showed that CeO2 and Bi2O2CO3 are closely combined, which is conducive to carrier migration and separation and improves the stability of the material. The light absorption properties of CeO2/Bi2O2CO3 composites were tested by UV‐vis DRS. The photocatalytic performance of the CeO2/Bi2O2CO3 composite system was studied with chlortetracycline hydrochloride as the target material. The results showed that under the conditions of 12.5 % CeO2, 0.5 g/L catalyst, and 20 mg/L chlortetracycline hydrochloride, the photocatalytic performance of the composite system was the highest, reaching 95.2 %. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of CeO2 and Bi2O2CO3 were tested and their potential, conduction band, and valence band values were obtained. At the same time, we propose the mechanism of type II electron transfer in CeO2/Bi2O2CO3 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatase‐TiO2 and α‐Fe2O3 were successfully separated from Indonesia ilmenite minerals using a modification of the hydrometallurgy process. Sodium salt was used as an initiated roasting before hydrochloric leaching. The study investigated parameters that affect separation such as mass ratios of sodium salt to ilmenite and leaching temperature. The results revealed that Ti composition in residue‐TiO2 increased to 76 % while Fe‐composition in filtrate‐Fe2O3 was 87 %. The XRD diffractogram analysis confirmed that main phase formed in residue of separation was anatase‐TiO2 whereas in hydrolysed of filtrate from separation was hematite. Both residue‐TiO2 and filtrate Fe2O3 had high thermal stability. The photocatalytic activity of anatase‐TiO2 and α‐Fe2O3 showed about 97 % and 85 % of Eriochrome Black‐T dye solution was degraded, respectively, when conducted to 4 hours of UV light irradiation. Photocatalytic kinetics study of anatase‐TiO2 and α‐Fe2O3 in degradation process followed pseudo‐first order with reaction rate at 0.0144 and 0.0070 min−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of highly efficient visible‐light‐responsive photocatalysts is fundamental to solving the problems of low efficiency and poor selectivity in photocatalytic organic synthesis reactions. We synthesized a crystalline polyoxometalate @metal‐organic framework material {Zn4(H2O)8[Ir(ppy)2(dcbpy)]4[SiW12O40]} ⋅ 4H2O (Ir−SiW) by self‐assembly of Ir metalloligands with POMs. The introduction of Ir metalloligands extends the light absorbing range to visible light, improving the efficient utilization of solar energy. The transfer of photogenerated electrons from Ir metalloligands to SiW12 was observed under visible light irradiation, which boosted the carrier separation efficiency. The synergistic effect of the two components increased the photocatalytic thioether oxidation activity, and the product methyl phenyl sulfoxide for 2.5 h under visible light irradiation (λ >400 nm) reached 99.5 %, which was higher than those of other POM‐based photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the yield of methyl phenyl sulfoxide was still higher than 97 % after three cycles, demonstrating the high stability and reusability of Ir−SiW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is one of the best solutions to solve the global energy crisis and to realize carbon neutralization. The tetradentate phosphine‐bipyridine (bpy)‐phosphine (PNNP)‐type Ir(III) photocatalyst, Mes‐IrPCY2, was reported with a high HCOOH selectivity but the photocatalytic mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we employ electronic structure methods in combination with radiative, nonradiative, and electron transfer rate calculations, to explore the entire photocatalytic cycle to either HCOOH or CO, based on which a new mechanistic scenario is proposed. The catalytic reduction reaction starts from the generation of the precursor metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state. Subsequently, the divergence happens from the 3MLCT state, the single electron transfer (SET) and deprotonation process lead to the formation of one‐electron‐reduced species and Ir(I) species, which initiate the reduction reaction to HCOOH and CO, respectively. Interestingly, the efficient occurrence of proton or electron transfer reduces barriers of critical steps. In addition, nonadiabatic transitions play a nonnegligible role in the cycle. We suggest a lower free‐energy barrier in the reaction‐limiting step and the very efficient SET in 3MLCT are cooperatively responsible for a high HCOOH selectivity. The gained mechanistic insights could help chemists to understand, regulate, and design photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of similar function‐integrated molecular photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co2Fe2O4 NPs were made using the sol‐gel ignition technique employing citric acid (C6H8O7.6H2O) as a reducing agent to oxidizing agent with a ratio of 1 : 3. A thorough study of the effects of divalent Zn2+ and trivalent Y3+ ion on their structural, Infra‐red, morphological, magnetic, DC‐electrical, optical, and photocatalytic activity. All of the samples have crystallized to a cubic spinel structure with a single phase space group Fd3m, according to the analysis of the XRD pattern consisting of the intense reflections (220), (311) (222), (400), (422), (511), (440), (533), and (444). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested the particle size range of ~27 nm; and demonstrates the agglomerations on the tip of MNPs, which are ideal for increasing surface area, and infrared study verifies the spinel structure. With a decrease in the hysteresis loop for the Zn−Y ligand, the magnetic hysteresis loops demonstrate a ferrimagnetic character. With Zn−Y, magnetic characteristics are noticeably affected; saturation magnetization (Ms) 70.9133 to 59.2148 emu/g; and coercivity (Hc) 1900.30 to 193.96 Oe both exhibit a decrease. The DC‐electrical resistivity image reveals the CFMNPs′ semiconducting nature and the optical energy bandgap demonstrates a decrease from their original state. The MB dye's decolorization demonstrates the amazing deterioration in a short amount of time 20 to 80 minutes range was observed to be 35.88, 61.92, 76.40, and 94.07 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure ZnO particles, doped and co‐doped with Cu2+ and Mg2+ ions, were obtained by the simple sonochemical method. The wurtzite hexagonal structure was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) showed irregular and more agglomerated particles with the increase of Cu2+ and Mg2+ ions concentration in the ZnO lattice, with the average diameter of particles in the range of 57.23–170.77 nm. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by decolorizing the methylene blue (MB) dye under ultraviolet C (UVC) light irradiation which indicates that 1% Mg‐doped ZnO particles have better the photocatalytic activity than the other samples, and presented the highest kinetic constant value. The co‐doped samples showed a reduced global surface area which did not favor the good photocatalytic performance. The sacrificial agents showed that OH• radicals are the main species involved in the photocatalytic activity of this system and defects generated in the ZnO lattice promoted photoluminescent emission in the red and green regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the desirability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous photocatalysts, current strategies available to enhance the performance of MOF photocatalysts are complicated and expensive. Herein, a simple strategy is presented for improving the activity of MOF photocatalysts by regulating the atomic interface structure of the metal active sites on the MOF. In this study, MOF (PCN-222) is hybridized with cellulose acetate (CA@PCN-222) through an optimized atomic interface strategy, which lowers the average valence state of Zr ions. The electronic metal-support interaction mechanism of CA@PCN-222 is revealed by evaluating the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The experimental results suggested that the electron migration efficiency at the atomic interface of the MOFs strongly coupled with cellulose is significantly improved. In particular, the CO2RR to formate activity of CA@PCN-222 photocatalyst greatly increased from 778.2 to 2816.0 µmol g-1 compared with pristine PCN-222 without cellulose acetate. The findings suggest that the strongly coupled metal-ligand moiety at the atomic interface of MOFs may play a synergistic role in heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most recent advancements in food science and technology include cold sterilization of food and fresh‐keeping packaging. Active packaging technology has received much interest due to the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of functional nanoparticles, including titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3). However, there are still significant concerns about the toxicity and safety of these functional nanoparticles. This review emphasizes the bacteriostatic and fresh‐keeping properties of functional nanoparticles as well as their packaging strategies using the ultraviolet photo‐catalysis effect. High‐voltage electric field cold plasma (HVEF‐CP) is the most innovative method of cold‐sterilizing food. HVEF‐CP sterilizes by producing photoelectrons, ions, and active free radicals on food media, which come into contact with the bacteria's surface and destroy their cells. Next, this review also assesses the photocatalytic activity and bacteriostasis kinetics of nanosized TiO2 and Fe2O3 in poultry, beef, and lamb. In addition, this review also emphasizes the importance of exploiting the complex interaction processes between TiO2 and Fe2O3, along with dietary components and their utilization in the fresh meat industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed metal‐free one‐pot tandem regioselective synthesis of C4‐phosphorylated phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones from arylhydrazines, 2‐formylbenzoic acids with diarylphosphine oxides is described. This three‐component transformation occurs smoothly under mild conditions, providing regiospecific access to various phosphorylated products in 73–91% yield. The efficacy of the current catalysis arises from the use of organic 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as the photocatalyst and cheap K2S2O8 as the oxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is a rising technology dealing with nanoparticle‐based (1–100 nm) organic and inorganic materials. Such technology has a vital role in various industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals, nuclear energy, fuel and energy, electronics, and bioengineering, while having potential applications to human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Even though nanomaterial applications can cover multi‐areas of biological and natural fields, limited information are available in the aquaculture sector. Nowadays, the aquaculture sector is the most imperative field to meet animal protein requirements for human nutrition, and aquaculture disease outbreaks as well as the aquatic environment pollutants are significant hindrances in producing healthy aquatic products. The current review aims to enlighten the direction of nanotechnology in the aquaculture industry while providing more specific information about inorganic forms of nanoparticles used to develop several types of applications such as antimicrobial, antibiofilm and photocatalytic agents, as well as aquatic animal nutrition in the domain of aquaculture. A large number of inorganic nanoparticles and their use as animal feed and for water treatment are extensively described. Their potential risks in aquaculture are also presented and discussed. The aquaculture nanotechnology applications are expected to contribute to fish health improvement, harmful microbes control, and aquatic products nano‐delivery in the forthcoming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Treatment of liquid hazardous medical wastewater produced by healthcare laboratories is a global matter that has been inadequately addressed. In this study, the potential of heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation to detoxify and disinfect such effluents was investigated. Experiments were performed using two toxic effluents and one of simultaneous toxic and infectious composition in pilot scale, in a novel photocatalytic inactivation system. RESULTS: Photocatalytic experimental runs performed with both toxic effluents showed that photo‐Fenton‐assisted TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation under optimal conditions was the most efficient process among the tested ones, when the initial dissolved organic carbon values (DOC0) ranged from 100 to 1000 mg L−1. Furthermore, the potential of catalyst reuse was examined and verified for five sequential runs. Moreover, phytotoxicity was either eliminated or significantly reduced after photocatalytic processing under optimal conditions in the case of the second wastewater of toxic composition, while ecotoxicity showed a similar trend, highlighting the importance of extended mineralization for the removal of toxicity. The performance of the pilot photocatalytic inactivation system concerning the inactivation of bio‐pollutants was tested on five different types of microbes. Four of them were completely inactivated in relatively short periods, while survival of the more resistant bacterial endospores was found to be decreased to >99% after 5 h of treatment. CONCLUSION: Toxic and infectious hazardous medical effluents are highly recalcitrant targets in terms of mineralization, detoxification and inactivation. However, photocatalytic oxidation may serve as an efficient processing tool, providing alternative or complementary solutions to this highly challenging issue. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]