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Epigenetic dysregulation is prevalent in human cancers, affecting gene expression and metabolic patterns to meet the demands of malignant evolution and abnormal epigenetic processes, and resulting in a protumor immune microenvironment. Tumors require a steady supply of methionine for maintaining epigenetic flexibility, which is the only exogenous precursor of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine for methylation, crucial for their resistance to therapies and survival in a nutrient-deficient microenvironment. Thus, tumor cells upregulate the Lat4 transporter to compete and deprive methionine in the microenvironment, sustaining their malignant phenotypes and also impairing immune cell functions. Addressing this methionine addiction is the key to overcoming drug resistance and improving immune response. Despite the challenge of lacking specific Lat4 inhibitors, an oxaliplatin prodrug crosslinked fluorinated polycation/anti-Lat4 small interfering RNA complex nanoregulator (AS-F-NP) has been designed and developed here. This nanoregulator restricted the greedy methionine uptake of tumor cells by knocking down Lat4, which in turn inhibited the malignant evolution of the tumor while restoring the viability and function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Bacterial infections and tumor tissues are characterized by complex microenvironments with uneven oxygen availability. Effective photodynamic therapy for these conditions requires photosensitizers that can perform optimally within such environments, specifically by generating both type I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) simultaneously. Carbon dots (CDs), a type of fluorescent nanomaterial smaller than 10 nm, are commonly used to treat bacterial infections and tumors. However, their current limitations, such as short maximum absorption and emission wavelengths, significantly restrict their therapeutic efficacy in deep tissues. In response to these challenges, a new type of fluorescent carbon dots with near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission properties is reported, featuring a maximum emission peak beyond 700 nm (NIR-I region). These CDs offer strong tissue penetration and reduced tissue absorption advantages. Additionally, bromine atom doping significantly enhances the generation of type I and II ROS through efficient photodynamic processes. In vitro studies demonstrated their high photodynamic efficacy in antibacterial and antitumor applications. Ultimately, these findings translate into significant therapeutic effectiveness for treating skin infections and tumors in vivo. This study employs bromine-doped CDs nanomaterials, which demonstrate maximum fluorescence emission in the NIR region, to achieve efficient photodynamic treatment of bacterial infections and tumor ablation in complex microenvironments., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The escalating needs in information protection underscore the urgency of developing advanced encryption strategies. Herein we report a novel chemical approach that enables information encryption by on-paper electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Dendritic porous silica nanospheres modified with polyetherimide and bovine serum albumin were prepared as the chemical ink to write the secret message on a paper. Attaching the paper to an electrode, immersing it in a solution containing tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) and then applying a suitable voltage, a remote "catalytic route" electrochemical reaction produces ECL that functions as the key to decrypt and visualize the message by imaging. In addition, proteins can be also used as the biological ink to write the secret message, which is then decrypted by a combined use of immunochemistry and ECL imaging as two keys. We believe the ECL-based strategy holds great promise in high-safety and multilevel information encryption, as it is protected not only by encoding, like conventional invisible inks, but also by the unique ECL decoding approach., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as the good coreactant can be unexpectedly enhanced by a weak coreactant, such as triethanolamine (TEOA). First, the intensity of ECL emitted by Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /TPrA can be remarkably amplified by 10.8-fold after adding some amount of TEOA. Moreover, the ECL layer thickness, measured by self-interference spectroscopy, is also doubled. The enhancement far exceeding the superposition of respective contribution of TPrA and TEOA was elucidated by a "chemical oxidation mechanism", in which TEOA + ⋅ acts as a chemical enhancer to oxidize TPrA in solution and to accelerate significantly the ECL reaction kinetics. This mechanism was proved by single-photon counting experiment and finite element simulations. In addition, the dual-coreactants strategy works well not only in solution with freely diffusive Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , but also on Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -functionalized microbeads, suggesting that ethanolamines could act as cheap, easily available and low-background enhancers for ECL-based bioanalysis and microscopy., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

High-altitude hypoxic brain injury (HHBI) is a kind of acute mountain sickness and the survival rate of patients with HHBI can be improved only if it is detected and treated at the early stage. However, limited by speediness and accuracy, it is still very difficult for most of current approaches to realize the early detection of HHBI. We propose herein a novel strategy for this goal based on spatiotemporal changes in the brain oxygen level. As revealed by in vivo electrochemistry, the characteristic changes of brain oxygen level under the high-altitude exposure are directly associated with the brain hypoxia status. Given brain hypoxia is the main pathogenesis of HHBI, the degree of HHBI can be diagnosed by the variation of brain oxygen, making the early detection of HHBI feasible. In addition, the risk of HHBI for mouse exposed to high-altitude hypoxia environments can be also prognosed days in advance., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The potential of hydrogen plasma arc technology for the efficient deoxygenation and recycling of titanium alloy scrap is explored. The results of thermodynamic analysis reveal that hydrogen plasma is suitable for oxygen removal. The intermediate stages of the deoxygenation process are sequentially analyzed, showing that the hydrogen plasma arc primarily facilitated the reduction and dissolution of oxides as well as eliminated interstitial oxygen. The experimental results demonstrate that the deoxygenation dynamics are governed by the interaction between the hydrogen partial pressure and the surface area of the hydrogen plasma arc irradiation range. Furthermore, the results of the detailed characterization of the recycled titanium alloys indicate that hydrogen plasma arc technology not only reduces the oxygen content to levels compliant with industrial standards for Ti-6Al-4 V but also substantially enhances the tensile strength and ductility of Ti-6Al-4 V compared with those of conventional cast titanium alloys. The results of microstructural analysis show that hydrogen tends to concentrate in the β phase, whereas oxygen is predominantly found in the α phase. These findings highlight the effectiveness of hydrogen plasma arc technology, which offers environmental benefits and improves the performance of the resulting material, indicating its promise as a solution for titanium recycling., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

P-stereogenic phosphorus compounds are essential across various fields, yet their synthesis via enantioselective P-C bond formation remains both challenging and underdeveloped. We report the first copper-catalyzed enantioselective hydrophosphorylation of alkynes, facilitated by a newly designed chiral 1,2-diamine ligand. Unlike previous methods that rely on kinetic resolution with less than 50 % conversion, our approach employs a distinct dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation mechanism, achieving complete conversion of racemic starting materials. This reaction is compatible with a broad range of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes, producing products with high yields (up to 95 %), exclusive cis selectivity, and exceptional regio- and enantioselectivity (>20 : 1 r.r. and up to 96 % ee). The resulting products were further transformed into a diverse array of enantioenriched P-stereogenic scaffolds. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted to elucidate the reaction details., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The efficient removal of low-concentration components from homologous mixtures is often hampered by the co-directional effect of traditional thermodynamic regulation approaches, typically leading to a trade-off between adsorption capacity and selectivity. Focusing this challenge on the critical task of purifying perfluorocarbons in electronics industry, a divergent regulation strategy is reported that significantly improves the separation efficiency of low-concentration hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ) from tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ). This approach involves the selective shielding of open metal sites and the modulation of channel geometry within an electron-deficient ligand-based pore environment, thereby facilitating a C 2 F 6 dense-packing accommodation mode while weakening the CF 4 affinity due to the reduced host-guest interactions. Simultaneously enhanced C 2 F 6 adsorption and reduced CF 4 adsorption are achieved, resulting in record-high low-pressure C 2 F 6 uptake and C 2 F 6 /CF 4 selectivity. Comprehensive insights into the unique separation mechanism are illustrated through a combination of solid-state MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), molecular simulations, and meticulously designed comparative experiments. As a result, benchmark C 2 F 6 /CF 4 separation performance is achieved, as demonstrated by the unprecedented electronic-grade (over 99.999%) CF 4 productivity (401 L kg -1 ) obtained from an industrially relevant C 2 F 6 /CF 4 (3:97) mixture, as well as the excellent water/air/heat stability and recyclability., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Immunomodulation is essential for implants to regulate tissue regeneration, while bioelectricity plays a fundamental role in regulating immune activities. Under natural preferences, the bone matrix electrical microenvironment is heterogeneous in the nanoscale, which provides fundamental electrical cues to regulate bone immunity and regenerative repair. However, remodeling bone nanoscale heterogeneous electrical microenvironment remains a challenge, and the underlying immune modulation mechanism remains to be explored. In this research, in situ discretely distributed nano-heterojunctions are constructed on titanium oxide nanofibers to mimic the heterogeneous electrical microenvironment exhibited by bone collagen fibers. The material is identified to directly regulate calcium ion channeling for anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. Surprisingly, the highly biomimetic heterogeneous electrical microenvironment can induce a pro-angiogenic phenotypic transformation of macrophages, leading to enhanced neo-vascularization at the early stage of osteogenesis. Mechanistic exploration identifies that PI3K signaling pathway-mediated FGF2 secretion may partially explain for strengthened coupling of immunomodulation and angiogenesis, which optimizes subsequent bone regeneration. These findings highlight the significance of biomimetic heterogeneous electrical cues on immune-modulation and provide a design principle for future electroactive implant materials., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A sulfonated tris(1-phenylpyrazolato)iridium(III) complex ([Ir(sppz) 3 ] 3- ) serves as a proof-of-concept non-emissive enhancer of the widely used ECL detection system of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ) with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) co-reactant, acting through electrocatalysis of TPrA oxidation and efficient chemi-excitation of the luminophore. Using self-interference ECL spectroscopy, we show that the enhancer extends diffusion of the required electrogenerated precursors from the electrode surface. Previously reported enhancement through these pathways has been confounded by the inherent ECL of the enhancer, but the increase in [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ECL intensity using [Ir(sppz) 3 ] 3- was obtained without its concomitant emission. The most prominent enhancement (11-fold) occurred at low potentials associated with the 'indirect' co-reactant ECL pathway, which translated to between 2- and 6-fold enhancement when the luminophore was immobilised on microbeads as a general model for enhanced ECL assays., (© 2024 The Author(s). Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Thrombosis is a significant threat to human health. However, the existing clinical treatment methods have limitations. Magnetic soft matter is used in the biomedical field for years, and ferromagnetic liquids exhibit tunable stiffness and on-demand movement advantages under magnetic fields. In this study, a ferromagnetic liquid robot (FMLR) is developed and applied it to thrombus removal in complex blood vessels. The FMLR consisted of Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles and dimethyl silicone oil. The FMLR can pass through a narrow complex maze through shape deformation by tailoring the intensity and direction of the external magnetic field. Finite element simulation analysis is used to validate the mechanism of controllable FMLR movements. Importantly, the storage modulus of FMLR can be tuned from 0.1 to 2018 Pa by varying the external magnetic intensity, ensuring its effectiveness in removing rigid and stubborn thrombi present on the vascular walls. Toward medical robotic applications, FMLR can be used in telerobotic neurointerventional. Experiments demonstrating the capability of FMLR to remove thrombi in the ear veins of rabbits are conducted. This study introduces an efficient approach for thrombus elimination, broadening the utilization of FMLRs within the realm of clinical medicine., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Energy storage devices are striving to achieve high energy density, long lifespan, and enhanced safety. In view of the current popular lithiated cathode, anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) will deliver the theoretical maximum energy density among all the battery chemistries. However, AFLMBs face challenges such as low plating-stripping efficiency, significant volume change, and severe Li-dendrite growth, which negatively impact their lifespan and safety. This study provides an overview and analysis of recent progress in electrode structure, characterization, performance, and practical challenges of AFLMBs. The deposition behavior of lithium is categorized into two stages: heterogeneous and homogeneous interface deposition. The feasibility and practical application value of AFLMBs are critically evaluated. Additionally, key test models, evaluation parameters, and advanced characterization techniques are discussed. Importantly, practical strategies of different battery components in AFLMBs, including current collector, interface layer, solid-state electrolyte, liquid-state electrolyte, cathode, and cycling protocol, are presented to address the challenges posed by the two types of deposition processes, lithium loss, crosstalk effect and volume change. Finally, the application prospects of AFLMBs are envisioned, with a focus on overcoming the current limitations and unlocking their full potential as high-performance energy storage solutions., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Ideal hemostatic materials for the emergency rescue of war and traffic accident sufferers are essential to significantly control hemorrhage, reduce patient discomfort, and improve the survival ratio. However, most hemostats absorb blood quickly in contact with the wound; and then, adhere to blood clots, resulting in breaking scabs and tearing the wound when the materials are removed. Herein, an effective Janus amphipathic hemostatic dressing (Fiber@Gel/Ca 2+ /KL) with a fiber layer (polylactic acid/carboxymethyl chitosan) and a hydrogel layer (polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl chitosan, Ca 2+ , and kaolin) is reported. Such a composite dressing unidirectionally drains the excessive serum from its hydrophobic side (fiber layer) to its hydrophilic side (hydrogel layer), so-called self-pumping, thereby further concentrating coagulated factors (including red blood cells and platelets). Further, Ca 2+ diffused from the hydrogel layer subsequently activates platelets and coagulation cascade. Besides, the Fiber@Gel/Ca 2+ /KL exhibits specific blood-clot anti-adhesion property on the fiber layer, making the dressing easily and safely peel off from the wound. It is believed that this novel hemostatic dressing with good hemostatic performance, easy clots removal, and excellent biocompatibility is expected to be used as a safe and efficient hemostatic dressing in clinical applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Although additive manufacturing enables controllable structural design and customized performance for magnetoelectric sensors, their design and fabrication still require careful matching of the size and modulus between the magnetic and conductive components. Achieving magnetoelectric integration remains challenging, and the rigid coils limit the flexibility of the sensors. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes a composite process combining selective laser sintering (SLS) and 3D transfer printing for fabricating flexible liquid metal-coated magnetoelectric sensors. The liquid metal forms a conformal conductive network on the SLS-printed magnetic lattice structure. Deformation of the structure alters the magnetic flux passing through it, thereby generating voltage. A reverse model segmentation and summation method is established to calculate the theoretical magnetic flux. The impact of the volume fraction, unit size, and height of the sensors on the voltage is studied, and optimization of these factors yields a maximum voltage of 45.6 µV. The sensor has excellent sensing performance with a sensitivity of 10.9 kPa -1 and a minimum detection pressure of 0.1 kPa. The voltage can be generated through various external forces. This work presents a significant advancement in fabricating liquid metal-based magnetoelectric sensors by improving their structural flexibility, magnetoelectric integration, and design freedom., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

In situ bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising techniques for the sutureless tissue sealing of internal organs. However, most existing in situ bioprinting methods are limited by the complex and confined printing space inside the organs, harsh curing conditions for printable bioinks, and poor ability to suturelessly seal injured parts. The combination of in situ bioprinting and 4D printing is a promising technique for tissue repair. Herein, the in situ 4D printing of polyelectrolyte/magnetic composites by gastroscopy for sutureless internal tissue sealing is reported. Using gastric perforation as an example, a gelatin/sodium alginate/magnetic bioink is developed, which can be precisely located by a gastroscope with the assistance of an external magnetic field, solidified in gastric fluid, and firmly adhered to tissue surfaces. The solidified bioink along the defect can be attracted by an external magnetic field, resulting in sutureless sealing. A demonstration using a porcine stomach with an artificial perforation confirms the feasibility of sutureless sealing using 4D printing. Moreover, an in vivo investigation on gastric perforation in a rat model identifies the biocompatibility by H&E and CD68+ staining. This study provides a new orientation and concept for functionality-modified in situ 4D bioprinting., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Targeting the competitive-cooperative relationships among tumor cells and various immune cells can efficiently reverse the immune-dysfunction microenvironment to boost the immunotherapies for the triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Hence, a bacterial outer membrane vesicle-based nanocomplex is designed for specifically targeting malignant cells and immune cells to reconcile the relationships based on metabolic-immune crosstalk. By uniquely utilizing the property of charge-reversal polymers to realize function separation, the nanocomplexes could synergistically regulate tumor cells and immune cells. This approach could reshape the immunosuppressive competition-cooperation pattern into one that is immune-responsive, showcasing significant potential for inducing tumor remission in TNBC models., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Lithium metal, with ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity, is considered as an ideal anode material for the lithium-ion batteries. However, its practical application is severely plagued by the uncontrolled formation of dendritic Li. Here, a cation-loaded porous Mg 2+ -Zeolite layer is proposed to enable the dendrite-free deposition on the surface of Li metal anode. The skeleton channels of zeolite provide the low coordinated Li + -solvation groups, leading to the faster desolvation process at the interface. Meanwhile, anions-involved solvation sheath induces a stable, inorganic-rich SEI, contributing to the uniform Li + flux through the interface. Furthermore, the co-deposition of sustained release Mg 2+ realizes a new faster migration pathway, which proactively facilitates the uniform diffusion of Li on the lithium substrate. The synergistic modulation of these kinetic processes facilitates the homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior. Based on this synergistic mechanism, the high-efficiency deposition with cyclic longevity exceeding 2100 h is observed in the symmetric Li/Li cell with Mg 2+ -Zeolite modified anode at 1 mA cm -2 . The pouch cell matched with LiFePO 4 cathode fulfills a capacity retention of 88.4% after 100 cycles at a severe current density of 1 C charge/discharge. This synergistic protective mechanism can give new guidance for realizing the safe and high-performance Li metal batteries., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Bioinspired nanotopography is a promising approach to generate antimicrobial surfaces to combat implant-associated infection. Despite efforts to develop bactericidal 1D structures, the antibacterial capacity of 2D structures and their mechanism of action remains uncertain. Here, hydrothermal synthesis is utilized to generate two 2D nanoflake surfaces on titanium (Ti) substrates and investigate the physiological effects of nanoflakes on bacteria. The nanoflakes impair the attachment and growth of Escherichia coli and trigger the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially contributing to the killing of adherent bacteria. E. coli surface appendages type-1 fimbriae and flagella are not implicated in the nanoflake-mediated modulation of bacterial attachment but do influence the bactericidal effects of nanoflakes. An E. coli ΔfimA mutant lacking type-1 fimbriae is more susceptible to the bactericidal effects of nanoflakes than the parent strain, while E. coli cells lacking flagella (ΔfliC) are more resistant. The results suggest that type-1 fimbriae confer a cushioning effect that protects bacteria upon initial contact with the nanoflake surface, while flagella-mediated motility can lead to elevated membrane abrasion. This finding offers a better understanding of the antibacterial properties of nanoflake structures that can be applied to the design of antimicrobial surfaces for future medical applications., (© 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Herein, we report an electroosmotic pump (EOP) based on a multilayer track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane. A remarkable increase of maximum backpressure (198.2-2400 mmH 2 O) of a fundamental pump unit was obtained at 0.8 mA, when the number of PC membranes was increased from 1 to 10. Meanwhile, the corresponding flow rate was increased from 80.3 to 111.7 µL/min. Furthermore, multiple pump units were assembled in series to obtain a multistage EOP. For a three-stage EOP (EOP-3), the operating voltage and power can be decreased significantly by 52%-72% under different driving currents, with a minimum power of 26.7 µW. Thus, EOP-3 can run stably over 35 h at a pulse current of 0.1 mA without the generation of gas bubbles. The pump was further integrated into a miniature device, which was successfully used to decrease the blood glucose level of diabetic rats by subcutaneous delivery of fast-acting insulin. This work brings a facile and efficient strategy to enhance the backpressure and lower the operating voltage and power of EOPs, which may find promising applications in drug delivery., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Stem cell therapy serves as an effective treatment for bone regeneration. Nevertheless, stem cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood are still lacking homologous properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are derived from neural crest, in coincidence with maxillofacial tissues, thus attracting great interest in in situ maxillofacial regenerative medicine. However, insufficient number and heterogenous alteration of seed cells retard further exploration of DPSC-based tissue engineering. Electric stimulation has recently attracted great interest in tissue regeneration. In this study, a novel DPSC-loaded conductive hydrogel microspheres integrated with wireless electric generator is fabricated. Application of exogenous electric cues can promote stemness maintaining and heterogeneity suppression for unpredictable differentiation of encapsulated DPSCs. Further investigations observe that electric signal fine-tunes regenerative niche by improvement on DPSC-mediated paracrine pattern, evidenced by enhanced angiogenic behavior and upregulated anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. By wireless electric stimulation on implanted conductive hydrogel microspheres, loaded DPSCs facilitates the construction of immuno-angiogenic niche at early stage of tissue repair, and further contributes to advanced autologous mandibular bone defect regeneration. This novel strategy of DPSC-based tissue engineering exhibits promising translational and therapeutic potential for autologous maxillofacial tissue regeneration., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The change of 3D spatial distribution of magnetic permeability can lead to the generation of introduced electrical signals. However, present studies can only achieve rough regulation by simple shape deformation of magnetic elastomers such as compression, bending, or stretching. Accurate control of the 3D spatial distribution of magnetic permeability is still an open question. In this study, an on-demand 3D spatial distribution of magnetic permeability by controlled flowing of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle liquid (FNL) is demonstrated. The flowing routes of FNL are tuned by a 3D-printed cage with pre-designed hollow structure, thus changing the 3D spatial distribution of magnetic permeability. Then, eight symmetrically distributed coils under cage are used to receive characteristic induction voltage signals. Maxwell numerical simulation reveals the working mechanism of signal generation. Notably, those eight coils can detect FNL flowing status in eight directions, allowing recognition of up to 255 different FNL flowing combinations. By introducing machine learning, the micro-cavity detector based on FNL can distinguish nine kinds of micro-cavity structures with an accuracy of 98.77%. This work provides a new strategy for the adjustment of the 3D spatial distribution of the magnetic permeability and expands the application of FNL in the field of space exploration., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The manufacturing and assembly of components within cells have a direct impact on the sample performance. Conventional processes restrict the shapes, dimensions, and structures of the commercially available batteries. 3D printing, a novel manufacturing process for precision and practicality, is expected to revolutionize the lithium battery industry owing to its advantages of customization, mechanization, and intelligence. This technique can be used to effectively construct intricate 3D structures that enhance the designability, integrity, and electrochemical performance of both liquid- and solid-state lithium batteries. In this study, an overview of the development of 3D printing technologies is provided and their suitability for comparison with conventional printing processes is assessed. Various 3D printing technologies applicable to lithium-ion batteries have been systematically introduced, especially more practical composite printing technologies. The practicality, limitations, and optimization of 3D printing are discussed dialectically for various battery modules, including electrodes, electrolytes, and functional architectures. In addition, all-printed batteries are emphatically introduced. Finally, the prospects and challenges of 3D printing in the battery industry are evaluated., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The management of diabetes in a manner offering autonomous insulin therapy responsive to glucose-directed need, and moreover with a dosing schedule amenable to facile administration, remains an ongoing goal to improve the standard of care. While basal insulins with reduced dosing frequency, even once-weekly administration, are on the horizon, there is still no approved therapy that offers glucose-responsive insulin function. Herein, a nanoscale complex combining both electrostatic- and dynamic-covalent interactions between a synthetic dendrimer carrier and an insulin analogue modified with a high-affinity glucose-binding motif yields an injectable insulin depot affording both glucose-directed and long-lasting insulin availability. Following a single injection, it is even possible to control blood glucose for at least one week in diabetic swine subjected to daily oral glucose challenges. Measurements of serum insulin concentration in response to challenge show increases in insulin corresponding to elevated blood glucose levels, an uncommon finding even in preclinical work on glucose-responsive insulin. Accordingly, the subcutaneous nanocomplex that results from combining electrostatic- and dynamic-covalent interactions between a modified insulin and a synthetic dendrimer carrier affords a glucose-responsive insulin depot for week-long control following a single routine injection., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Adoptive T lymphocyte (T cell) transfer and tumour-specific peptide vaccines are innovative cancer therapies. An accurate assessment of the specific reactivity of T cell receptors (TCRs) to tumour antigens is required because of the high heterogeneity of tumour cells and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. In this study, we report a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging approach for recognising and discriminating between TCRs and tumour-specific antigens by imaging the immune synapses of T cells. Various T cell stimuli, including agonistic antibodies, auxiliary molecules, and tumour-specific antigens, were modified on the electrode's surface to allow for their interaction with T cells bearing different TCRs. The formation of immune synapses activated by specific stimuli produced a negative (shadow) ECL image, from which T cell antigen recognition and discrimination were evaluated by analysing the spreading area and the recognition intensity of T cells. This approach provides an easy way to assess TCR-antigen specificity and screen both of them for immunotherapies., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The availability of grafts to replace small-diameter arteries remains an unmet clinical need. Here, the validated methodology is reported for a novel hybrid tissue-engineered vascular graft that aims to match the natural structure of small-size arteries. The blood vessel mimic (BVM) comprises an internal conduit of co-electrospun gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (corresponding to the tunica intima of an artery), reinforced by an additional layer of PCL aligned fibers (the internal elastic membrane). Endothelial cells are deposited onto the luminal surface using a rotative bioreactor. A bioprinting system extrudes two concentric cell-laden hydrogel layers containing respectively vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes to create the tunica media and adventitia. The semi-automated cellularization process reduces the production and maturation time to 6 days. After the evaluation of mechanical properties, cellular viability, hemocompatibility, and suturability, the BVM is successfully implanted in the left pulmonary artery of swine. Here, the BVM showed good hemostatic properties, capability to withstand blood pressure, and patency at 5 weeks post-implantation. These promising data open a new avenue to developing an artery-like product for reconstructing small-diameter blood vessels., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Laser-driven phosphor-converted white light sources are highly desirable for their unprecedented energy efficiency and lighting quality. However, important challenges remain due to a lack of efficient and stable red-emitting materials. Here Eu 2+ -activated oxide-based double perovskites are explored as red emitters with thermally stable photoluminescence. Sr 3 TaO 5.5 :Eu 2+ ceramics exhibit a red emission band peaking at 620 nm upon blue laser pumping owing to the Eu 2+ occupation at highly ordered substitutional lattice sites. A constructed laser-driven white light wheel under an incident power density of 19.2 W mm -2 presents a record luminous flux of 1115 lm with an excellent color rendering index of 90. This study invigorates the development of Eu 2+ -activated oxide-based ceramics with thermally stable luminescence for laser-pumped lighting and display applications., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective P-C cross-coupling of secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) is an attractive method for synthesizing P-stereogenic phosphorus compounds, but the development of such a dynamic kinetic asymmetric process remains a considerable challenge. Here we report an unprecedented highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic intermolecular P-C coupling of SPOs and aryl iodides catalyzed by copper complexes ligated by a finely modified chiral 1,2-diamine ligand. The reaction tolerates a wide range of SPOs and aryl iodides, affording P-stereogenic tertiary phosphine oxides (TPOs) in high yields and with good enantioselectivity (average 89.2 % ee). The resulting enantioenriched TPOs were transformed into structurally diverse P-chiral scaffolds, which are highly valuable as ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Mg 3 (Sb,Bi) 2 is a potential nearly-room temperature thermoelectric compound composed of earth-abundant elements. However, complex defect tuning and exceptional microstructural control are required. Prior studies have confirmed the detrimental effect of Mg vacancies (V Mg ) in Mg 3 (Sb,Bi) 2 . This study proposes an approach to mitigating the negative scattering effect of V Mg by Bi deficiency, synergistically modulating the electrical and thermal transport properties to enhance the thermoelectric performance. Positron annihilation spectrometry and C s -corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that the V Mg tends to coalesce due to the introduced Bi vacancies (V Bi ). The defects created by Bi deficiency effectively weaken the scattering of electrons from the intrinsic V Mg and enhance phonon scattering. A peak zT of 1.82 at 773 K and high conversion efficiency of 11.3% at ∆T = 473 K are achieved in the optimized composition of Mg 3 (Sb,Bi) 2 by tuning the defect combination. This work demonstrates a feasible and effective approach to improving the performance of Mg 3 (Sb,Bi) 2 as an emerging thermoelectric material., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Herein we report the study of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) generation by tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) and five tertiary amine coreactants. The ECL distance and lifetime of coreactant radical cations were measured by ECL self-interference spectroscopy. And the reactivity of coreactants was quantitatively evaluated in terms of integrated ECL intensity. By statistical analysis of ECL images of single Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -labeled microbeads, we propose that ECL distance and reactivity of coreactant codetermine the emission intensity and thus the sensitivity of immunoassay. 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanol (BIS-TRIS) can well balance ECL distance-reactivity trade-off and enhance the sensitivity by 236 % compared with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) in the bead-based immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. The study brings an insightful understanding of ECL generation in bead-based immunoassay and a way of maximizing the analytical sensitivity from the aspect of coreactant., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The transient self-assembly of molecules under the direction of a consumable fuel source is fundamental to biological processes such as cellular organization and motility. Such biomolecular assemblies exist in an out-of-equilibrium state, requiring continuous consumption of high energy molecules. At the same time, the creation of bioinspired supramolecular hydrogels has traditionally focused on associations occurring at the thermodynamic equilibrium state. Here, hydrogels are prepared from cucurbit[7]uril host-guest supramolecular interactions through transient physical crosslinking driven by the consumption of a reactive chemical fuel. Upon action from this fuel, the affinity and dynamics of CB[7]-guest recognition are altered. In this way, the lifetime of transient hydrogel formation and the dynamic modulus obtained are governed by fuel consumption, rather than being directed by equilibrium complex formation., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Manufacturing abrasion-resistant superhydrophobic matters is challenging due to the fragile feature of the introduced micro-/nanoscale surface roughness. Besides the long-term durability, large scale at meter level, and 3D complex structures are of great importance for the superhydrophobic objects used across diverse industries. Here it is shown that abrasion-resistant, half-a-meter scaled superhydrophobic objects can be one-step realized by the selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing technology using hydrophobic-fumed-silica (HFS)/polymer composite grains. The HFS grains serve as the hydrophobic guests while the sintered polymeric network provides the mechanical strength, leading to low-adhesion, intrinsic superhydrophobic objects with desired 3D structures. It is found that as-printed structures remained anti-wetting capabilities even after undergoing different abrasion tests, including knife cutting test, rude file grinding test, 1000 cycles of sandpaper friction test, tape test and quicksand impacting test, illustrating their abrasion-resistant superhydrophobic stability. This strategy is applied to manufacture a shell of the unmanned aerial vehicle and an abrasion-resistant superhydrophobic shoe, showing the industrial customization of large-scale superhydrophobic objects. The findings thus provide insight for designing intrinsic superhydrophobic objects via the SLS 3D printing strategy that might find use in drag-reduce, anti-fouling, or other industrial fields in harsh operating environments., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of potentially preventable death in civilian trauma nowadays. Considerable concern has been given to the development of efficient hemostats with high blood absorption, self-propelled property, and Ca 2+ release ability, for irregularly shaped and noncompressible hemorrhage. Herein, Janus self-propelled chitosan-based hydrogel with CaCO 3 (J-CMH@CaCO 3 ) is developed by partial ionic crosslinking of carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and Ca 2+ , gravity settlement, and photopolymerization, followed by removing the shell of CCS. The obtained J-CMH@CaCO 3 is further used as a hemostat powered by the internal CaCO 3 and coordinated protonated tranexamic acid (J-CMH@CaCO 3 /T). Bubbles are generated and detached to provide the driving force, accompanied by the release of Ca 2+ . The two aspects work in synergy to accelerate clot formation, endowing the J-CMH@CaCO 3 /T with excellent hemostatic efficiency. The J-CMH@CaCO 3 /T presents high blood absorption, favorable blood-clotting ability, desired erythrocyte and platelet aggregation, and acceptable hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. In rodent and rabbit bleeding models, the J-CMH@CaCO 3 /T exhibits the most effective hemostasis to the best knowledge of the authors, wherein the hemorrhage is rapidly halted within 39 s. It is believed that the J-CMH@CaCO 3 /T with self-propelled property opens up a new avenue to design high-performance hemostats for clinical application., (© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The mammalian brain relies on significant oxygen metabolic consumption to fulfill energy supply, brain function, and neural activity. In this study, in vivo electrochemistry is combined with physiological and ethological analyses to explore oxygen metabolic consumption in an area of the mouse brain that includes parts of the primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. The oxygen levels at different locations of this boundary section are spatially resolved by measuring the electrical current in vivo using ingeniously designed anti-biofouling carbon fiber microelectrodes. The characteristics of the current signals are further interpreted by simultaneously recording the physiological responses of the mice. Additionally, ethological tests are performed to validate the correlation between oxygen levels and mouse behavior. It is found that high-dose caffeine injection can evoke spatial variability in oxygen metabolic consumption between the four neighboring brain regions. It is proposed that the oxygen metabolic consumption in different brain regions is not independent of each other but is subject to spatial regulation control following the rules of "rank of brain region" and "relative distance." Furthermore, as revealed by in vivo wireless electrochemistry and ethological analysis, mice are at risk of neuronal damage from long-term intake of high-dose caffeine., (© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is emerging as an important high-performance polymer material in additive manufacturing (AM) benefiting from its excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and high-temperature stability. The distinct advantages of AM facilitate the rapid development of PAEK products with complex customized structures and functionalities, thereby enhancing their applications in various fields. Herein, the recent advances on AM of high-performance PAEKs are comprehensively reviewed, concerning the materials properties, AM processes, mechanical properties, and potential applications of additively manufactured PAEKs. To begin, an introduction to fundamentals of AM and PAEKs, as well as the advantages of AM of PAEKs is provided. Discussions are then presented on the material properties, AM processes, processing-matter coupling mechanism, thermal conductivity, crystallization characteristics, and microstructures of AM-processed PAEKs. Thereafter, the mechanical properties and anisotropy of additively manufactured PAEKs are discussed in depth. Their representative applications in biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and other fields are systematically presented. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions are discussed for the future development of high-performance AM polymers., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides with unique compositional and structural tunability appear as an emerging class of luminescent materials, but near-infrared (NIR) emitters therein are largely unexplored to date. This study presents three novel 0D hybrid antimony chlorines with edge-sharing [Sb 2 Cl 8 ] 2- dimers, showing unusual room-temperature broadband NIR emission with the maximum emission wavelength up to 1070 nm. Photoluminescence studies and density functional theory calculation demonstrate that the emissions originate from the highly localized excitons, and that the confined [Sb 2 Cl 8 ] 2- dimers in these structures show low symmetry and a large degree of structural freedom. These hybrid antimony chlorines with [Sb 2 Cl 8 ] 2- dimers expand the range of new NIR materials in 0D metal halides., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Solar cells are conventionally used to harvest energy in outer space, but they are ineffective in dark locations. Here, it is shown that superconducting materials-which work best in cold environments, such as those found in outer space-provide a mechanism to harvest energy that does not require light. A superconducting magnetic levitation (maglev) magnetoelectric generator (SMMG) can convert mechanical impacts to electricity at its working temperature <90 K. The SMMG device consists of a permanent magnet, a conductive coil, and a superconducting layer (SL). Owing to the existence of the SL, the permanent magnet levitates over the SL and rapidly returns to an equilibrium height after being displaced by a mechanical impact. The impact changes the gap between the levitated magnet and the coil, resulting in a variation in magnetic flux that induces electrical current in the coil. Thus, the SMMG converts low-frequency (<3.7 Hz) mechanical energy to electricity. The output maximum peak voltage, peak power, and peak power density of the SMMG are 4.3 V, 35 mW, and 17.8 W m -2 , respectively, with a load resistance of 300 Ω. The SMMG can charge a capacitor of 10 000 µF to 3.8 V with a continuous impact, which is sufficient to power critical wireless communication. The superconductor works best in cold environments and therefore is well-suited for providing electricity to sensors and communication devices in outer space, particularly in places where the sun may not reach., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Five pomelo cultivars (i.e., Citrus grandis cv. Shatianyou, Citrus grandis cv. Guanximiyou, Citrus grandis cv. Yuhuanyou, Citrus grandis cv. Duweiwendanyou and Citrus grandis cv. Liangpingyou) from different origins in China were selected to analyze their components by using supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 45 compounds were identified in the supercritical CO 2 fluid extracts of the pomelo peels from the five cultivars. These compounds included eight flavonoids, 18 coumarins, four organic acids, three aldehydes, and 12 other compounds, which were identified using the obtained MS data and by comparison with commercial standards, orbitrap Chinese Traditional Medicine Library, and previous literature. Twenty-five of the identified compounds were detected for the first time in the pomelo peel extracts. Results suggested that the pomelo peels of C. grandis cv. Shatianyou contained the most natural chemical compositions. The pooled result may offer scientific evidence for further development and utilization of pomelo peels and a route for screening appropriate varieties for various demands., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Polymer dielectric capacitors are widely utilized in pulse power devices owing to their high power density. Because of the low dielectric constants of pure polymers, inorganic fillers are needed to improve their properties. The size and dielectric properties of fillers will affect the dielectric breakdown of polymer-based composites. However, the effect of fillers on breakdown strength cannot be completely obtained through experiments alone. In this paper, three of the most important variables affecting the breakdown strength of polymer-based composites are considered: the filler dielectric constants, filler sizes, and filler contents. High-throughput stochastic breakdown simulation is performed on 504 groups of data, and the simulation results are used as the machine learning database to obtain the breakdown strength prediction of polymer-based composites. Combined with the classical dielectric prediction formula, the energy storage density prediction of polymer-based composites is obtained. The accuracy of the prediction is verified by the directional experiments, including dielectric constant and breakdown strength. This work provides insight into the design and fabrication of polymer-based composites with high energy density for capacitive energy storage applications., (© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Adsorptive separation of xenon (Xe) and krypton (Kr) is a promising technique but remains a daunting challenge since they are atomic gases without dipole or quadruple moments. Herein we report a strategy for fabricating angular anion-pillared materials featuring shell-like Xe nano-traps, which provide a cooperative effect conferred by the pore confinement and multiple specific interactions. The perfect permanent pore channel (4-5 Å) of Ni(4-DPDS) 2 MO 4 (M=Cr, Mo, W) can host Xe atoms efficiently even at ultra-low concentration (400 ppm Xe), showing the second-highest selectivity of 30.2 in Ni(4-DPDS) 2 WO 4 and excellent Xe adsorption capacity in Ni(4-DPDS) 2 CrO 4 (15.0 mmol kg -1 ). Crystallography studies and DFT-D calculations revealed the energy favorable binding sites and angular anions enable the synergism between optimal pore size and polar porosity for boosting Xe affinity. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrated three MOFs as efficient adsorbents for Xe/Kr separation., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is on of the most lethal malignant tumors with relatively poor prognosis, characterized with insufficient drug penetration, low immune response and obvious drug resistances. The therapeutic inefficiency is multifactorially related to its specific tumor microenvironment (TME), which is representatively featured as rich stroma and immunosuppression. In this work, a versatile drug delivery system is developed that can coencapsulate two prodrugs modified from gemcitabine (GEM) and a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor (HJC0152), and the gradient pH variation is further sensed in the TME of PDAC to achieve a higher penetration by reversing its surficial charges. The escorted prodrugs can release GEM intracellularly, and respond to the hypoxic condition to yield the parental STAT3 inhibitor HJC0152, respectively. By inhibiting STAT3, the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment can be re-educated through the reversion of M2-like tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and downregulation of regulatory T cells (T reg s). Furthermore, cytidine deaminase (CDA) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression can be downregulated, plus the lipid modification of GEM, the drug resistance of GEM can be greatly relieved. Based on the above design, a synergetic therapeutic efficacy in PDAC treatment can be achieved to provide more opportunity for clinical applications., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Enantioselective reactions that install functional groups at the positions of unactivated C-H bonds can be envisioned to produce intermediates for the synthesis of the active ingredients in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals directly from simple feedstocks. Among these C-H bond functionalization reactions, those that form carbon-silicon (C-Si) and carbon-boron (C-B) bonds have been pursued because the products of these reactions can be converted to those containing a wide range of functional groups and because compounds containing silicon and boron possess unique properties that can be valuable for medicinal and materials chemistry. Although the silylation and borylation of C-H bonds have undergone extensive development during the past two decades, enantioselective versions of these reactions were not known until a few years ago. In this Minireview, we present the rapid development of enantioselective silylation and borylation of C-H bonds, with an emphasis on the design and development of the types of chiral ligands needed to achieve these reactions and an intention to inspire an expansion of these types of transformations., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A van der Waals material, MoTe 2 with a monoclinic 1T' crystal structure is a candidate for 3D second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) hosting gapless hinge states and insulating surface states. However, due to the temperature-induced structural phase transition, the monoclinic 1T' structure of MoTe 2 is transformed into the orthorhombic T d structure as the temperature is lowered, which hinders the experimental verification and electronic applications of the predicted SOTI state at low temperatures. Here, systematic Raman spectroscopy studies of the exfoliated MoTe 2 thin flakes with variable thicknesses at different temperatures, are presented. As a spectroscopic signature of the orthorhombic T d structure of MoTe 2 , the out-of-plane vibration mode D at ≈ 125 cm -1 is always visible below a certain temperature in the multilayer flakes thicker than ≈ 27.7 nm, but vanishes in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K when the flake thickness becomes lower than ≈ 19.5 nm. The absence of the out-of-plane vibration mode D in the Raman spectra here demonstrates not only the disappearance of the monoclinic-to-orthorhombic phase transition but also the persistence of the monoclinic 1T' structure in the MoTe 2 thin flakes thinner than ≈ 19.5 nm at low temperatures down to 80 K, which may be caused by the high enough density of the holes introduced during the gold-enhanced exfoliation process and exposure to air. The MoTe 2 thin flakes with the low-temperature monoclinic 1T' structure provide a material platform for realizing SOTI states in van der Waals materials at low temperatures, which paves the way for developing a new generation of electronic devices based on SOTIs., (© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Because of high sensitivity and specificity, isothermal nucleic acid amplification are widely applied in many fields. To facilitate and improve their performance, various nanomaterials, like nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, nanotubes, and nanoporous films are introduced in isothermal nucleic acid amplification. However, the specific application, roles, and prospect of nanomaterials in isothermal nucleic acid amplification have not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, the application of different nanomaterials (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) in isothermal nucleic acid amplification is comprehensively discussed and recent progress in the field is summarized. The nanomaterials are mainly used for reaction enhancer, signal generation/amplification, or surface loading carriers. In addition, 3D nanomaterials can be also functioned as isolated chambers for digital nucleic acid amplification and the tools for DNA sequencing of amplified products. Challenges and future recommendations are also proposed to be better used for recent covid-19 detection, point-of-care diagnostic, food safety, and other fields., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The rapid postoperative recurrence and short survival time of glioblastoma (GBM) patients necessitate immediate and effective postoperative treatment. Herein, an immediate and mild postoperative local treatment strategy is developed that regulates the postoperative microenvironment and delays GBM recurrence. Briefly, an injectable hydrogel system (imGEL) loaded with Zn(II) 2 -AMD3100 (AMD-Zn) and CpG oligonucleotide nanoparticles (CpG NPs) is injected into the operation cavity, with long-term function to block the recruitment of microglia/ macrophages and activate cytotoxic T cells. The finding indicated that the imGEL can regulate the immune microenvironment, inhibit GBM recurrence, and gain valuable time for subsequent adjuvant clinical chemotherapy., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Herein, we explore a general Cu 2-x S nanocube template-assisted and reverse cation exchange-mediated growth strategy for fabricating hollow multinary metal sulfide. Unlike the traditional cation exchange method controlled by the metal sulfide constant, the introduction of tri-n-butylphosphine (TBP) can reverse cation exchange to give a series of hollow metal sulfides. A variety of hollow multinary metal sulfide cubic nanostructures has been demonstrated while preserving anisotropic shapes to the as-synthesized templates, including binary compounds (CdS, ZnS, Ag 2 S, PbS, SnS), ternary compound (CuInS 2 , Zn x Cd 1-x S), and quaternary compound (single-atom platinum anchored Zn x Cd 1-x S; Zn x Cd 1-x S-Pt 1 ). Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the hollow metal sulfide semiconductors obtained could significantly improve the separation and migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Owing to the efficient charge transfer, the Zn x Cd 1-x S-Pt 1 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic performance of CO 2 to CO, with the highest CO generation rate of 75.31 μmol h -1 ., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Reperfusion injury is still a major challenge that impedes neuronal survival in ischemic stroke. However, the current clinical treatments are remained on single pathological process, which are due to lack of comprehensive neuroprotective effects. Herein, a macrophage-disguised honeycomb manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) nanosphere loaded with fingolimod (FTY) is developed to salvage the ischemic penumbra. In particular, the biomimetic nanoparticles can accumulate actively in the damaged brain via macrophage-membrane protein-mediated recognition with cell adhesion molecules that are overexpressed on the damaged vascular endothelium. MnO 2 nanosphere can consume excess hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and convert it into desiderated oxygen (O 2 ), and can be decomposed in acidic lysosome for cargo release, so as to reduce oxidative stress and promote the transition of M1 microglia to M2 type, eventually reversing the proinflammatory microenvironment and reinforcing the survival of damaged neuron. This biomimetic nanomedicine raises new strategy for multitargeted combined treatment of ischemic stroke., (© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Two new three-phase solvent systems combined with elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography mode were used to study the chemical constituents in Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. The first novel solvent system consisted of n-hexane, acetonitrile, chloroform, and water in a ratio of 5:5:1:5, which was selected for elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography to separate the n-hexane extraction part. A total of six constituents were obtained from this part in the up phase as the stationary phase and the middle phase as the mobile phase. The second novel solvent system, composed of n-hexane-butyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (3:1:4:3, v/v/v/v), was used for separating ethyl acetate extract of Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. Eight compounds were successfully isolated using elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography elution-extrusion mode. Fourteen chemical constituents were identified as 2-β-D-glucopyranosytoxy-1-hydroxy-5(E)-tridecene-7,9,11-triyne (Y1), 3-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy -1-hydroxy-6(E)-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne (Y2), 1, 2-dihydroxy-5(E)-tridecene-7,9, 11-triyne (Y3), isorhamnetin (Y4), kaempferol (Y5), icthyothereolacetate (Y6), quercetin-3-O-β-D- galactopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (W1), quercetin 3-O-β-L-rhamnopyranoside (W2), neosperidin dihydrochalcone (W3), quercetin (W4), quercetagetin-3,6,4' -trimethoxyl- 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (W5), taxifolin (W6), luteolin (W7), and apigenin (W8) by spectra of 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR data. Among them, compounds Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y6 belong to polyacetylene compounds, and the rest were flavonoids. In addition, counter-current chromatography has been used to separate polyacetylene compounds for the first time. All compounds in this method were isolated from Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. for the first time., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Pores in a solid can effectively reduce thermal conduction, but they are not favored in thermoelectric materials due to simultaneous deterioration of electrical conductivity. Conceivably, creating a porous structure may endow thermoelectric performance enhancement provided that overwhelming reduction of electrical conductivity can be suppressed. This work demonstrates such an example, in which a porous structure is formed leading to a significant enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). By a unique BiI 3 sublimation technique, pore networks can be introduced into tetrahedrite Cu 12 Sb 4 S 13 -based materials, accompanied by changes in their hierarchical structures. The addition of a small quantity of BiI 3 (0.7 vol%) results in a ≈72% reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity, whereas the electrical conductivity is improved due to unexpected enhanced carrier mobility. As a result, an enhanced zT of 1.15 at 723 K in porous tetrahedrite and a high conversion efficiency of 6% at ΔT = 419 K in a fabricated segmented single-leg based on this porous material are achieved. This work offers an effective way to concurrently modulate the electrical and thermal properties during the synthesis of high-performance porous thermoelectric materials., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A versatile tumor-targeting stimuli-responsive theranostic platform for peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer is proposed in this work for tumor tracking and photothermal-enhanced chemotherapy. A quenched photosensitizer ("off" state) is developed and escorted into a tumor-targeting oxaliplatin-embedded micelle. Once reaching the tumor cell, the micelle is clasped to release free oxaliplatin, as well as the "off" photosensitizer, which is further activated ("turned-on") in the tumor reducing microenvironment to provide optical imaging and photothermal effect. The combined results from hyperthermia-enhanced chemotherapy, deep penetration, perfused O 2 , and the leveraged GSH-ROS imbalance in tumor cells are achieved for improved antitumor efficacy and reduced systematic toxicity., (© 2021 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The application of superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes has shown great potential in developing high-voltage electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). However, the broadening of the electrochemical window of such superconcentrated electrolytes is at the expense of their high cost, low ionic conductivity, high density, and narrow operating temperature range. Herein, the electrochemical window of water (>3 V) at low salt concentration (3 m) is expanded by using an aprotic solvent, i.e., trimethyl phosphate (TMP), to regulate the solvation structure of the electrolyte. Benefiting from the low salt concentration, such electrolyte is simultaneously featured with high ionic conductivity, low density, and wide temperature compatibility. Based on the dilute hybrid electrolyte, EDLCs constructed by using porous graphene electrodes are able to operate within an enlarged voltage range of 0-2.4 V at a wide range of temperatures from -20 to 60 °C. They also present excellent rate capability and cycle stability, i.e., 83% capacitance retention after 100 000 cycles. Density functional theory calculations verify that TMP induces a significant electronic modulation for the bonding environment of the electrolyte. This enables the stronger binding of Na + -H 2 O with freely migrating TMP to expand the voltage window to exceed the potential limitation of aqueous electrolytes., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)