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Anti-PD-1 therapy has left an indelible mark in the field of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment; however, its efficacy is limited in clinical practice owing to differences in the degree of effector T-cell exhaustion. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a protein kinase that plays an important role in T-cell immunity. In this study, it is aimed to explore the potential of targeting CK2 and its regulatory subunit CK2B to prevent or reverse T-cell exhaustion, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC. In this study, it is found that CK2B expression is closely associated with T-cell exhaustion as well as the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy based on scRNA-seq and in vitro and in vivo experiments. Utilization of CK2 inhibitors or knockdown of CK2B expression can upregulate TBX21 expression through HDAC8-mediated epigenetic reprogramming, restoring the effector function of CD8 + T cells and enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC. These findings underscore CK2B as a promising target for overcoming the exhaustion of effector CD8 + T cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and adoptive cell therapies in NSCLC. Moreover, CK2B expression serves as a novel predictor of immunotherapy efficacy for NSCLC., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Photoswitchable molecules can transit between two distinct isomers, enabling them to perform highly controllable imaging and therapeutic functions under certain laser irradiation. Dithienylethenes (DTEs), a class of photoswitchable molecules, exhibit strong thermal stability and high fluorescence quantum yield. However, the short excitation wavelength poses a significant challenge for the application of DTEs in photocontrolled imaging and therapy. Therefore, the development of DTE-based derivatives or hybrid materials with near-infrared (NIR) excitation is of great importance. In this study, two novel DTE derivatives are synthesized, whose closed-ring isomers exhibit strong absorption in the NIR region. Compared with a DTE derivative previously reported and commercially available ones, these two DTE derivatives show higher photoswitching efficiency and extended absorption wavelength. Notably, the supramolecular assembly between DTE derivatives and albumin confers NIR-activated photothermal switching ability on DTE molecules in aqueous solution. In addition, DTE-albumin nanoparticles are further developed to enable photoswitchable photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for in vivo antitumor applications. Finally, by integrating a thermo-responsive free radical initiator into DTE-albumin nanoparticles, photoswitchable PTT and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are achieved, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and preventing tumor metastasis., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Neutron radiation fields frequently coexist with γ-rays, posing a significant challenge to ensure the accuracy of neutron detection. 2D perovskites have been proved to be the potential fast neutron scintillators due to their structural properties and excellent luminescent performance. Herein, the study reports on the scintillation properties of 2D perovskite phenethylammonium lead bromide ((PEA) 2 PbBr 4 ) single crystal (SC) induced by different types of radiation and first demonstrate its pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability in neutron/gamma (n/γ) mixed radiation fields. The research has found that the decay time of (PEA) 2 PbBr 4 SC to heavy charged particles (24.4 ns) is significantly faster than that to γ-rays (39.1 ns). This is because the ionization density of heavy charged particles is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of electrons, resulting in a pronounced second-order quenching effect. The unique characteristic endows it with good discrimination capabilities for α-particles and γ-rays. Furthermore, the study has successfully demonstrated a good n/γ discrimination with a figure of merit (FOM) of 0.86 in Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion reaction. The research not only advances the application of perovskites in the field of neutron detection, but also provides a new alternative for the development of neutron detection technologies., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Two-dimensional semiconductor materials (2DSM) effectively mitigate the short-channel effect due to their atomic thickness, offering significant advantages over traditional silicon-based materials, particularly in short channel length. In manufacturing 2DSM top-gate field-effect transistors (TG-FETs), simultaneous miniaturization of the gate and channel can only be achieved through a self-alignment process, enabling high-density integration of short-channel FETs. However, current self-aligned FETs based on 2DSM face challenges in attaining wafer-scale integration due to manufacturing process limitations. This work has successfully developed high-performance and wafer-scale TG-FET arrays using a self-aligned method that integrates the processes of dry etching, wet selective etching, and post-device optimization. The miniaturization is demonstrated by fabricating TG-FETs with a channel length of 200 nm, achieving an impressive on-state current density of 465.5 µA µm -1 and a high on-off current ratio of 10 8 . Furthermore, we constructed the inverters and logic modules based on self-aligned FETs, showcasing the process's compatibility for future integration., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. However, the specific mechanisms and biological functions of lncRNAs in breast cancer remain incompletely understood. Bioinformatics analysis identifies a novel lncRNA, CD2BP2-DT, that is overexpressed in breast cancer and correlates with adverse clinicopathological features and poor overall survival. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that CD2BP2-DT promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, NAT10 mediates the N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of CD2BP2-DT, enhancing its RNA stability and expression. More importantly, CD2BP2-DT enhances the stability of CDK1 mRNA by mediating YBX1 phase separation, thereby promoting the proliferation of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the lncRNA CD2BP2-DT is identified as a crucial driver of breast cancer cell proliferation through the YBX1/CDK1 axis, highlighting its potential as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

2D anisotropic materials, typically consisting of 1D distorted chains arranged in parallel or anti-parallel patterns, are gaining attention for their potential in anisotropic electronic and optoelectronic devices. 2D anisotropic materials with cross-stacked interconnected 1D chains will show improved anisotropy and stability. Nonetheless, to date, no 2D anisotropic materials featuring cross-stacked motifs have been experimentally realized. This work identifies AgTiPS 6 atomic layers, the 2D in-plane anisotropic material with cross-stacked structural motifs, as an n-type semiconductor with a 1.0 eV band gap. Significantly, the unique cross-stacked configuration of 2D AgTiPS 6 results in a significant in-plane anisotropy, with electrical and optoelectrical anisotropies measuring 5.44 and 2.44, respectively, as well as an axially orientation selectivity. Meanwhile, a broadband response from visible (Vis, 405 nm) to middle infrared (MIR, 10.6 µm) is achieved in the AgTiPS 6 -based photodetector, with the photoresponse above the bandgap attributed to photothermoelectric effect. Furthermore, 2D AgTiPS 6 has demonstrated environmental stability exceeding 12 months and a laser damage threshold exceeding 10 W cm - 2 , attributed to its extra-thick monolayer (1.32 nm). This work introduces a novel in-plane anisotropic material, expanding the repertoire of 2D anisotropic materials and offering potential for the development of anisotropic electronic and optoelectronic devices., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Zero-dimensional (0D) structured lead-free metal halides have recently attracted widespread attention due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and negligible self-absorption, showing enormous potential as optical waveguides towards miniaturized photonic devices. However, due to the great difficulty in growth of rod-like nano/micro-sized morphologies, such applications have been less explored. Herein, a new-type emissive organic-inorganic manganese (II) halide crystal (TPS 2 MnCl 4 , TPS=C 18 H 15 S, triphenylsulfonium) in the form of microrods is synthesized via a facile chloride ion (Cl - ) induced oriented growth method. Due to a combination of attractive features such as a high PLQY of 86 %, negligible self-absorption and smooth crystal surface, TPS 2 MnCl 4 microrods are well suited for use in optical waveguide with an ultra-low optical loss coefficient of 1.20 ⋅ 10 -4  dB μm -1 , superior to that of most organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids, organic materials, polymers and metal nanoclusters to the best of our knowledge. Importantly, TPS 2 MnCl 4 microrods can further work as dual-mode optical waveguides, combining active and passive light transmission functionalities in one single crystal. In addition, TPS 2 MnCl 4 microrods also display remarkable performance in lighting and anti-counterfeiting due to their distinct optical properties and commendable stability., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The poor survival of ovarian cancer patients is linked to their high likelihood of relapse. In spite of full apparent macroscopic clearance, tumor recurrences arise from cells that are resistant to primary chemotherapy in the form of minimal residual disease (MRD). MRD exhibits distinct molecular drivers from bulk cancer and therefore necessitates alternative therapeutic strategies. However, there is a lack of 3D models that faithfully recapitulate MRD ex vivo for therapy development. This study constructs microfluidics-based 3D microtumors to generate a clinically-relevant model for ovarian cancer MRD. The microtumors recapitulate the non-genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, capturing the "Oxford Classic" five molecular signatures. Gene expression in the 3D microtumors aligns closely with MRD from ovarian cancer patients and features the upregulation of fatty acid metabolism genes. Finally, the MRD 3D microtumors respond to the approved fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, perhexiline, demonstrating their utility in drug discovery. This system might be used as a drug-testing platform for the discovery of novel MRD-specific therapies in ovarian cancer., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Hydrophobic porous materials are of significant interest due to their potential for various large-scale industrial applications. In this study, we introduce the synthesis of a hydrophobic fluorine-containing covalent organic framework (F-COF), TAPB-TFA, using a low-temperature method, along with its applications in liquid marbles and oil/water separation. By a scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed Schiff-base reaction, uniform spherical TAPB-TFA particles at the nanoscale are successfully synthesized. Results show that TAPB-TFA exhibits high crystallinity, excellent thermal and chemical stability, as well as superoleophilic/hydrophobic properties. The hydrophobic TAPB-TFA particles can be utilized to create various liquid marbles that exhibit excellent shape reconfigurability. Experiments confirm the outstanding performance of TAPB-TFA in separating oil/water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions, achieving a separation efficiency of over 98.5%. The analysis concludes that the exceptional separation performance of TAPB-TFA is attributed to the synergistic effects of surface wetting-induced aggregation and size-sieving. TAPB-TFA demonstrates significant potential for applications in the environmental and energy sectors., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Helical polymer-containing bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) are a special and fascinating type of polymer. They possess bottlebrush topology and contain helical polymers as main chains (MCs) or side chains (SCs), thereby presenting interesting and fantastic properties, such as chiral amplification, circularly polarized luminescence, photonic crystal, and so on. This review mainly focuses on BBPs containing helical polymers of polypeptides, polyacetylenes (PAs), and polyisocyanides (PIs). Detailed summarizations are severally given to BBPs with helical polypeptides as MCs and SCs. Meanwhile, BBPs comprising helical PAs as MCs are fully discussed. What's more, BBPs consisted of helical PIs as MCs and SCs are described separately. In addition, BBPs with other helical polymers are briefly introduced, too. The authors hope this review will motivate more interest in developing helical polymers with complex topologies and fascinating properties, and encourage further progress in functional chiral materials., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Ni 2+ activated phosphor has attracted wide attention because it can be radiated in near-infrared (NIR) II-III region; however, the low external quantum yield (EQY) hinders its further application (most are below 8 %). In this work, distortion of crystallographic site strategy is proposed to enhance EQY. LaTiTaO 6 : 0.004Ni 2+ exhibits an NIR emitting spectrum centered at 1450 nm with an EQY of ~9.00 %, which has been the highest EQY of reported Ni 2+ single-doped phosphor. Distortion degrees of the octahedral geometry in LaTiTaO 6 and LaTiTaO 6 : 0.004Ni 2+ changing from 0.038 to 0.047 result in the absorption efficiency of 38.6 % due to the breaking of parity forbidden of the d-d transition, further improving the EQY. Besides, LaTiTaO 6 : 0.004Ni 2+ mixed with LaTiTaO 6 : 0.04Cr 3+ phosphors have demonstrated their application for spectral analysis. This work provides a new idea for constructing efficient NIR-II to NIR-III phosphors., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Organic long-lived phosphorescent materials demonstrating ultra-long photoluminescence have practical advantages owing to their flexible design and easy processability. However, the exact photophysical process underpinning the persistent-luminescent continues to elude full understanding, and the principles governing the compatibility of hosts and guests remain elusive. In this work, a new type of nonradiative energy transfer mechanism is proposed for the bi-component RTP system. Different from Förster resonance energy transfer or Dexter-type energy transfer, this energy transfer mechanism primarily relies on a triplet exciplex to exchange the electron. This facilitates the formation of triplet excitons that are otherwise difficult to excite directly. An evaluation methodology is devised to gauge the potential of a specific dopant-host combination toward generating pronounced afterglow. According to this framework, the enhancement of the afterglow is proportional to the decrease in the activation energy (ΔG ≠ ) associated with the electron transfer reaction between the dopant and the host. Notably, when the ΔG ≠ too larger, no observable afterglow occurs, as higher ΔG ≠ values significantly impede the electron transfer reaction between the two components. Furthermore, the remarkable dependence of afterglow intensity on the dopant concentration renders the bi-component RTP system highly promising for applications requiring ultra-high sensitivity and broad-spectrum detection capabilities., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Developing efficient and stable near-infrared emitters related to Cr 3+ -pairs for advanced optoelectronic devices remains a challenge due to concentration quenching effects and unclear luminescence mechanisms. In this study, Cr 3+ ions are incorporated into a matrix structure consisting of ZnAl₂O₄ spinel units separated by 11.312 Å, effectively restricting energy transfer between luminescent centers and alleviating quenching effects. Computational analysis identifies the lattice positions of isolated Cr 3+ ions and Cr 3+ -pairs at different doping levels, providing insights into their spatial distribution and local structural environments. Photoluminescence measurements reveals a Cr 3+ -concentration-dependent emission broadening, with a Cr 3+ -pair emission band peak at 750 nm, while detailed spectral analysis further clarified the energy level structure of Cr 3+ -pairs for the first time. Enhanced material performance is achieved through flux-assisted synthesis, reaching a high external quantum efficiency of 58.3%. Consequently, the assembled pc-LEDs exhibit minimal efficiency roll-off and achieve a high output of 183 mW at 650 mA, demonstrating their potential in near-infrared light sources and night vision technology application., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The unique anisotropic properties of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) make them highly promising as components in nanocrystal-based devices. However, the limited performance of green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on CQWs has impeded their practical applications. In this study, alloy CdZnSe core CQWs with precise compositions are tailored via direct cation exchange (CE) from CdSe CQWs with specific size, shape, and crystal structure and utilized hot-injection shell (HIS) growth to synthesize CdZnSe/ZnS core/shell CQWs exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic characteristics. This approach enabled the successful fabrication green and blue LEDs manifesting superior performance compared to previously reported solution-processed CQW-LEDs. The devices demonstrated a remarkable peak external quantum efficiency (20.4% for green and 10.6% for blue), accompanied by a maximum brightness 347,683 cd m -2 for green and 38,063 cd m -2 for blue. The high-performance represents a significant advancement for nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes (Nc-LEDs) incorporating anisotropic nanocrystals. This work provides a comprehensive synthesis strategy for enhancing the efficiency of Nc-LEDs utilizing anisotropic nanocrystals., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Colloidal drug aggregates (CDAs) are challenging in drug discovery due to their unpredictable formation and interference with screening assays. These limitations are turned into a strategic advantage by leveraging CDAs as a drug delivery platform. This study explores the deliberate formation and stabilization of CDAs for local ocular drug delivery, using a modified smallmolecule glaucoma drug. A series of timolol prodrugs are synthesized and self-assembled into CDAs. Of four prodrugs, timolol palmitate CDAs have a critical aggregate concentration of 2.72 µM and sustained in vitro release over 28 d. Timolol palmitate CDAs are dispersed throughout in situ gelling hyaluronan-oxime hydrogel and injected into the subconjunctival space of rat eyes. The intraocular pressure is significantly reduced for at least 49 d with a single subconjunctival injection of timolol-palmitate CDAs compared to 6 h for conventional timolol maleate. The systemic blood concentrations of timolol are significantly lower, even after 6 h, for timolol palmitate CDA-loaded hydrogel versus free timolol maleate, thereby potentially reducing the risk of systemic side effects. This innovative approach redefines the role of CDAs and provides a framework for long-acting ocular therapeutics, shifting their perception from a drug screening challenge to a powerful tool for sustained local drug delivery., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Flexible hybrid minerals, primarily composed of inorganic ionic crystal nanolines and a small amount of organic molecules, have significant potential for the development of sustainable structural materials. However, the weak interactions and insufficient crosslinking among the inorganic nanolines limit the mechanical enhancement and application of these hybrid minerals in high-strength structural materials. Inspired by tough biominerals and modern reinforced concrete structures, this study proposes introducing an aramid nanofiber (ANF) network as a flexible framework during the polymerization of calcium phosphate oligomers (CPO), crosslinked by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA). This approach allows the flexible inorganic nanolines formed through CPO polymerization to be integrated into the organic framework, thereby creating tough mineral-based structural materials (inorganic content: 70.7 wt.%), denoted as PVA/SA/ANF/CPO (PSAC). The multiple intermolecular interactions between the organic and inorganic phases, combined with the integrated nano-reinforced concrete structure, endow PSAC with significantly enhanced tensile strength (86.6 ± 8.6 MPa), comparable to that of high-strength polymer plastics. Moreover, PSAC possesses excellent plasticity and flame retardancy. The noncovalent molecular interactions within PSAC enable efficient recyclability. Consequently, PSAC has the potential to replace high-strength polymer plastics and structural components, providing a promising avenue for developing high-strength and toughness mineral-based structural materials., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Van der Waals (vdWs) materials are promising candidates for hetero-integration with silicon photonics toward miniaturization and integration. VdWs materials like molybdenum telluride and black phosphorus, despite being prominent, exhibit air sensitivity, and their room temperature emissions can be significantly broadened by tens of meV. Here, a self-encapsulation strategy is developed to scalably synthesize robust 2D vdWs ErOCl with sub-meV narrow emissions at the telecom C-band. Diverse 2D rare earth materials are also grown via chemical vapor deposition (TmOCl, YbOCl, HoOCl, DyOCl, SmOCl, NdOCl, TbOCl, GdOCl, EuOCl, and PrOCl), demonstrating the strategy's generalizability. The as-grown ErOCl exhibits high crystalline quality and excellent ambient and thermal stability (300 °C). Photoluminescence analysis reveals a series of narrow emissions across the visible to near-infrared spectrum. The ErOCl's emission at the telecom band is narrowest among 2D luminescent materials, and suitable for integrating with photonic chips. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra facilitate the understanding of emission mechanisms, analyzed using a crystal field perturbation model. Moreover, these emissions can be tuned by external magnetic fields. This research not only pioneers a novel strategy for synthesizing 2D rare earth materials but also paves the way for innovative building blocks in the realm of on-chip optical communications., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This study investigated the protective effects of the dietary polyphenol vanillic acid (VA) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, focusing on its impact on the gut microbiota and inflammatory responses. VA was supplemented following dextran sulfate sodium administration, and key indicators, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, spleen index, and inflammatory markers, were assessed. VA supplementation significantly alleviated UC symptoms, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, VA positively altered the gut microbiota composition, promoting beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila while suppressing the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that the VA-modified gut microbiota contributed to these protective effects. VA also facilitated macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, further mitigating inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of VA as a natural dietary intervention for UC, emphasizing its role in regulating the gut microbiota and inflammatory pathways, which may have significant nutritional relevance in managing inflammatory bowel diseases., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Dopamine (DA) in the striatum is vital for motor and cognitive behaviors. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons generate both tonic and phasic action potential (AP) firing patterns in behavior mice. Besides AP numbers, whether and how different AP firing patterns per se modulate DA release remain largely unknown. Here by using in vivo and ex vivo models, it is shown that the AP frequency per se modulates DA release through the D2 receptor (D2R), which contributes up to 50% of total DA release. D2R has a voltage-sensing site at D131 and can be deactivated in a frequency-dependent manner by membrane depolarization. This voltage-dependent D2R inhibition of DA release is mediated via the facilitation of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels (VGCCs). Collectively, this work establishes a novel mechanism that APs per se modulate DA overflow by disinhibiting the voltage-sensitive autoreceptor D2R and thus the facilitation of VGCCs, providing a pivotal pathway and insight into mammalian DA-dependent functions in vivo., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-sulfur batteries (AZSBs) are emerging as prominent candidates for next-generation energy storage devices owing to their affordability, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, non-flammability, and use of earth-abundant electrodes and aqueous electrolytes. However, AZSBs currently face challenges in achieving satisfied electrochemical performance due to slow kinetic reactions and limited stability. Therefore, further research and improvement efforts are crucial for advancing AZSBs technology. In this comprehensive review, it is delved into the primary mechanisms governing AZSBs, assess recent advancements in the field, and analyse pivotal modifications made to electrodes and electrolytes to enhance AZSBs performance. This includes the development of novel host materials for sulfur (S) cathodes, which are capable of supporting higher S loading capacities and the refinement of electrolyte compositions to improve ionic conductivity and stability. Moreover, the potential applications of AZSBs across various energy platforms and evaluate their market viability based on recent scholarly contributions is explored. By doing so, this review provides a visionary outlook on future research directions for AZSBs, driving continuous advancements in stable AZSBs technology and deepening the understanding of their charge-discharge dynamics. The insights presented in this review signify a significant step toward a sustainable energy future powered by renewable sources., (© 2024 The Author(s). Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

By manipulating their asymmetric electronic spin states, the unique electronic structures and unsaturated coordination environments of single atoms can be effectively harnessed to control their magnetic properties. In this research, the first investigation is presented into the regulation of magnetic properties through the electronic spin states of single atoms. Magnetic single-atom one-dimensional materials, M-N-C/ZrO 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni), with varying electronic spin states, are design and synthesize based on the electronic orbital structure model. The SAs 3d electron spin structure of the composite M-N-C modulates the magneto physical properties and triggers a unique natural resonance loss, which achieves a controllable tuning of the effective absorption band under low-frequency conditions. The minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of M-N-C can reach -69.71 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) ratio is as high as 91% (2-18 GHz). The current work provides a path toward achieving controllable modulation of low-frequency electromagnetic wave bands by exploring the mechanism through which atomic and even electronic level interactions influence magnetic modulation., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The gut microbiota exerts inhibitory effects on the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) through various mechanisms. Compared to traditional microbiota regulation methods, prebiotics and probiotics demonstrate significant advantages in terms of safety and patient adaptability. Their synergy not only improves the intestinal environment but also enhances the host's anti-tumor immune response. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line chemotherapy drug that has a short half-life and low bioavailability. However, if administered in an untargeted manner, 5-FU also causes adverse reactions. Liposomes can improve the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs and provide targeted delivery to the tumor site, thereby reducing side effects. In this work, a 5-FU-loaded liposome is modified with the prebiotic xylan derivative Sxy and the probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila active phospholipid homolog 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidy-lethanolamine (DPPE) to construct FLSK. The latter effectively prolongs the intestinal transport and release of 5-FU, maintaining high drug concentrations at the tumor site. FLSK is found to inhibit tumor growth and significantly extends the survival period of mice. In addition, FLSK promotes anti-tumor immunity and regulation of the gut microbiota. Combining the merits of prebiotics and probiotics, FLSK provides a potential strategy for integrating chemotherapy with gut microbiota regulation therapy for the treatment of CRC., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Clear-cut evidence has linked defective autophagy to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies underscore a unique hurdle in AD neuronal autophagy: impaired retrograde axonal transport of autophagosomes, potent enough to induce autophagic stress and neurodegeneration. Nonetheless, pertinent therapy is unavailable. Here, a novel combinational therapy composed of siROCK2 and lithospermic acid B (LA) is introduced, tailored to dredge blocked axonal autophagy by multi-mitigating microtubule disruption, ATP depletion, oxidative stress, and autophagy initiation impediments in AD. Leveraging the recent discovery of multi-interactions between polyphenol LA and siRNA, ε-Poly-L-lysine, and anionic lipid nanovacuoles, LA and siROCK2 are successfully co-loaded into a fresh nano-drug delivery system, LIP@PL-LA/siRC, via a ratio-flexible and straightforward fabrication process. Further modification with the TPL peptide onto LIP@PL-LA/siRC creates a brain-neuron targeted, biocompatible, and pluripotent nanomedicine, named "Nano-dredger" (T-LIP@PL-LA/siRC). Nano-dredger efficiently accelerates axonal retrograde transport and lysosomal degradation of autophagosomes, thereby facilitating the clearance of neurotoxic proteins, improving neuronal complexity, and alleviating memory defects in 3×Tg-AD transgenic mice. This study provides a fresh and flexible polyphenol/siRNA co-delivery paradigm and furnishes conceptual proof that dredging axonal autophagy represents a promising AD therapeutic avenue., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Hot-carrier relaxation above the bandgap results in significant energy losses, making the extraction of hot carriers a critical challenge for efficient hot-carrier photocurrent generation in devices. In this study, we observe long-lived hot carriers in the metal-halide perovskite multiple quantum wells, (BA) 2 (MA) n-1 Pb n I 3n+1 (n = 3), and demonstrate effective hot-hole photocurrent generation using 2D MoS₂ as an extraction layer. A high external quantum efficiency of short-circuit hot-carrier photocurrent of up to 35.4% is achieved. Further enhancement in photocurrent efficiency and open-circuit photovoltage is achieved when a gate electric field is applied, resulting in an external quantum efficiency of up to 61.9%. Evidence of hot-hole extraction is validated through operando transient reflection measurements on the working devices, with studies that depend on wavelength, carrier density, and gate voltage. DFT calculations on the heterostructure devices under different bias voltages further elucidate the mechanism of hot-hole extraction enhancement. These findings underscore the potential of perovskite multiple quantum wells as long-lived hot-carrier generators and highlight the role of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors as efficient hot-carrier extraction electrodes for low-power optoelectronics., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by abnormal bile acid metabolites and altered gut microbiota, with no effective treatments available. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, has emerged as a promising candidate. However, the mechanism by which vancomycin impacts the progression of PSC remains unknown. Mice treated with vancomycin exhibit increased hepatic collagen deposition and injury, due to the inhibition of intestinal FXR-FGF15/19 axis and the elevation of bile acid levels. These effects are associated with the reduction in Clostridia XIVa, especially Clostridium scindens (C. scindens). Gavage of C. scindens alleviates vancomycin-induced bile acid accumulation and liver fibrosis via activating intestinal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling. Similar effects are observed in mice treated with engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 that are capable of expressing bile acid 7α-dehydratas (BaiE) from C. scindens (EcN-BaiE). Activating intestinal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling by fexaramine (Fex) or recombinant protein FGF19 reverse vancomycin-induced liver injury and fibrosis. These results demonstrate that long-term oral vancomycin exacerbates cholestatic liver injury, while C. scindens mitigates this effect by activating the intestinal FXR-FGF15/19 signaling pathway. This underscores the importance of monitoring bile acid levels in PSC patients receiving vancomycin treatment and suggests that C. scindens may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for PSC patients., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Ischemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT) is developed as a novel clinical approach to avoid ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aims to identify the most distinguished programmed cell death pathway in grafts undergoing IFLT versus conventional liver transplantation (CLT) and to explore the underlying mechanism. Ferroptosis is the most distinct programmed cell death form between IFLT and CLT grafts. Among various cell death inhibitors, the ferroptosis inhibitor (Ferrostain-1) is the most effective one to prevent hepatocytes from damage induced by oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Hepatocyte ferroptosis is significantly alleviated in IFLT versus CLT grafts in both human beings and pigs. Ubiquitination enzyme screening identifies augmented amounts of ubiquitin-specific protease 19 (USP19) in IFLT versus CLT grafts. The upregulation of USP19 in the grafts is correlated with reduced pathological Suzuki's score, lower post-transplant peak liver enzyme level, and less early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients. USP19 overexpression mitigates post-transplant liver injury in mice. Mechanistically, USP19 inhibits the degradation of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) by removing its K63-linked ubiquitin chains. Notably, USP19 overexpression reduces ferroptosis and IRI in a SLC7A11-dependent manner in mice. Collectively, USP19-mediated suppression of hepatocyte ferroptosis via deubiquitinating SLC7A11 is a key mechanism by which IFLT abrogates graft IRI., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The structural disorder of the black butterfly assists in capturing sunlight across a wider spectral and angular range, injecting infinite vitality for omnidirectional and stimuli-responsive wave-absorbing materials. Here, the disordered micro-pores responding to terahertz (THz) waves through electromagnetic simulations, and then prepared via ice templating technology are analyzed and optimized. The customized disordered aerogel makes possible perfect terahertz response property with incidence-angle-insensitive and ultra-broadband. Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene/carboxymethyl cellulose aerogels realize excellent shielding effectiveness exceeding 70.32 dB and reflection loss of more than 43.02 dB over the frequency range of 0.3-1.5 THz. Tailoring the structural orientation of anisotropic aerogels functions as a versatile dynamic modulation approach along terahertz propagation direction. The porous structure with moderate conductivity gradually triggers the resonance effect of the cavity, approximating a resonance sphere (pore) and waveguide system (tube). Ultimately, gradient impedance aerogel is proposed integrating THz-infrared stealth, hydrophobicity, and mechanical strength. This inspired biomimetic structural strategy will also enable various terahertz applications such as terahertz imaging, line-of-sight telecommunication, information encryption, and space exploration., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Hispidin (1) is a polyphenolic compound with a wide range of pharmacological activities that is distributed in both plants and fungi. In addition to natural extraction, hispidin can be obtained by chemical or enzymatic synthesis. In this study, the identification and characterization of an undescribed enzyme, PheG, from Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius), which catalyzes the construction of a key C─C bond in the enzymatic synthesis of hispidin are reported. It is demonstrated in vitro that PheG generates hispidin by catalyzing C─C bond formation in the aldol condensation reaction. Based on these results, a plausible pathway for hispidin biosynthesis is proposed by utilizing the primary triacetic acid lactone (TAL, 2) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3). The mechanisms for the aldol condensation reaction of PheG are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding free energy calculations, density functional theory, and site-specific mutations. The locations of the key amino acid residues that catalyze the conversion of substrates 2 and 3 to hispidin at the active site of PheG-1 are identified. This study provides a new method for preparing hispidin with high efficiency and low cost., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A novel biosynthetic pathway towards the rare and underexplored non-canonical family of homoterpenes was discovered in actinobacteria through targeted genome mining and enzymatic in vitro reconstitution. The pathway comprises initial methylation-induced double bond isomerization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to (2E,7E)-6-methyl-farnesyl diphosphate, catalyzed by a novel family of methyltransferases with unique dual function. The resulting linear C 16 double bond isomer of FPP constitutes the specific substrate for a distinct family of type I terpene cyclases, catalyzing diverse cyclization reactions. Functional characterization of nine enzyme pairs led to discovery of five unprecedented homoterpene natural products. The enzymological novelty enables the development of novel biocatalytic and genetically programmable synthetic strategies towards methylated terpenoids with potentially unique properties ("magic methyl effect")., (© 2024 The Author(s). Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The escalating emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and the pervasive issue of nondegradable plastic pollution underscore dual urgent challenges in pursuit of a sustainable society. Achieving such sustainability in the plastic industry, while effectively addressing these environmental concerns, necessitates the development and implementation of innovative strategies for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers utilizing CO 2 as feedstocks. The technologies not only facilitate the mitigation of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations but also introduce a renewable carbon resource for polymer manufacturing. While considerable research has been undertaken in CO 2 upgrading to various C 1-3 products, the production of biodegradable polymers from CO 2 remains a formidable challenge. Here, we delineate the principal methodologies for catalytic CO 2 upgrading to biodegradable polymers, encompassing photocatalytic-biological processes and electrocatalytic-biological approaches. The emphasis of this perspective is on the optimization of production processes and catalyst efficiency, which are paramount in addressing the imperative challenge of decarbonization in the plastic industry, thereby aligning with global environmental sustainability goals., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are commonly considered accomplices in tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the precise mechanism by which tumor cells prompt TAMs to aid in evading immune surveillance remains to be further investigated. Here, it is elucidated that tumor-secreted galectin-1 (Gal1) conferred immunosuppressive properties to TAMs. Specifically, patient specimens and a public database is first used to analyze the clinical relevance of Gal1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Then, it is demonstrated that TAMs functioned as a critical mediator in the Gal1-induced progression of HCC and the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing determined that Gal1 promoted the upregulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in TAMs via activating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Employing an anti-CCL20 neutralizing antibody and Foxp3DTR mice, it is demonstrated that CCR6 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) recruited by Gal1-induced TAMs contributed to reduced infiltration and dysfunctional state of CD8 + T cells, subsequently facilitating tumor progression. Targeting Gal1 dampened the secretion of CCL20 and inhibits the recruitment of Tregs, thereby activating anti-tumor immunity and ameliorating anti-PD-1 resistance. Together, this findings revealed that Gal1-induced TAMs recruited Tregs through the CCL20-CCR6 axis. Inhibition of Gal1 improves the effectiveness of anti-PD1 therapy, shedding important new light on the combination immunotherapy of HCC., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) usually creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby hindering immunotherapy response. Effective treatment options remain elusive. Using scRNA-seq analysis in a tumor-bearing murine model, it is found that lobeline, an alkaloid from the herbal medicine lobelia, promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward M1-like TAMs while inhibiting their polarization toward M2-like TAMs. Additionally, lobeline upregulates mRNA expression of secreted Ly-6/UPAR-related protein 1 (Slurp1) in cancer cells. The inhibitory effects of lobeline on tumor load and TAM polarization are almost completely eliminated when Slurp1-deficient MC38 cells are subcutaneously injected into mice, suggesting that lobeline exerts an antitumor effect in a Slurp1-dependent manner. Furthermore, using target-responsive accessibility profiling, MAPK14 is identified as the direct target protein of lobeline. Mechanistically, upon binding to MAPK14 in colon cancer cells, lobeline prevents nuclear translocation of MAPK14, resulting in decreased levels of phosphorylated p53. Consequently, negative transcriptional regulation of SLURP1 by p53 is suppressed, leading to enhanced transcription and secretion of SLURP1. Finally, combination therapy using lobeline and anti-PD1 exhibits stronger antitumor effects. Taken together, these findings suggest that remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment using small-molecule lobeline may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a decisive role in building reliable Li metal batteries. However, the scarcity of anions in Helmholtz layer (HL) caused by electrostatic repulsion usually leads to the inferior SEI derived from solvents, resulting in dendrites and 'dead' Li. Therefore, regulating the distribution of anions in electric double layer (EDL) and continuously introducing more anions into HL to tailor anions-derived SEI is crucial for achieving stable Li plating/stripping. Herein, by jointly utilizing the controlled defects of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and the oriented dipoles of ferroelectric BaTiO 3 (BTO), the rGO-BTO composite layer sustainedly brings more TFSI - and NO 3 - into anion-defecient HL, promoting favorable decomposition of anions and guiding the generation of robust and fast-Li + -transport SEI containing more inorganics LiF and Li 3 N species. Thus, the resulting Li deposit shows smooth and dense morphologies without dendrites, leading to high average Coulombic efficiency. The Li//Cu@rGO-BTO (10 mAh cm -2 plated Li) cell exhibits an enhanced Li plating/stripping stability (2700 h) and a higher rate capability. The LiFePO 4 full cell (N/P≈6.3) using rGO-BTO displays an enhanced capacity retention (82.0 % @ 430 cycles). This work provides a new insight on the construction of robust SEI by regulating the distribution of anions within EDL., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

High-altitude hypoxic brain injury (HHBI) is a kind of acute mountain sickness and the survival rate of patients with HHBI can be improved only if it is detected and treated at the early stage. However, limited by speediness and accuracy, it is still very difficult for most of current approaches to realize the early detection of HHBI. We propose herein a novel strategy for this goal based on spatiotemporal changes in the brain oxygen level. As revealed by in vivo electrochemistry, the characteristic changes of brain oxygen level under the high-altitude exposure are directly associated with the brain hypoxia status. Given brain hypoxia is the main pathogenesis of HHBI, the degree of HHBI can be diagnosed by the variation of brain oxygen, making the early detection of HHBI feasible. In addition, the risk of HHBI for mouse exposed to high-altitude hypoxia environments can be also prognosed days in advance., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Dynamic liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and associated assembly and disassembly of biomolecular condensates play crucial roles in cellular organization and metabolic networks. These processes are often regulated by supramolecular interactions. However, the complex and disordered structures of IDPs, coupled with their rapid conformational fluctuations, pose significant challenges for reconstructing supramolecularly-regulated dynamic LLPS systems and quantitatively illustrating variations in molecular interactions. Inspired by the structural feature of IDPs that facilitates LLPS, we designed a simplified phase-separating molecule, Nap-o-Nap, consisting of two naphthalene moieties linked by an ethylene glycol derivative. This compound exhibits LLPS under physiological conditions, forming coacervate microdroplets that undergo multiple cycles of disassembly and reassembly upon stoichiometric addition of Cucurbit[7]uril and Adamantane, respectively, based upon competitive host-guest interactions. Importantly, such reversible control offers a unique route to quantify entropically dominant nature (ΔS=14.0 cal ⋅ mol -1  ⋅ K -1 ) within the LLPS process, in which the binding affinity of host-guest interactions (ΔG=-14.9 kcal ⋅ mol -1 ) surpass that of the LLPS of Nap-o-Nap (ΔG=-2.1 kcal ⋅ mol -1 ), enabling the supramolecular regulation process. The supramolecularly switched LLPS, along with selective client recruitment and exclusion by resultant coacervates, provides a promising platform for either boosting or retarding enzymatic reactions, thereby orchestrating biological enzyme kinetics., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The rational design of self-assembled compounds is crucial for the highly efficient development of carrier-free nanomedicines. Herein, based on computer-aided strategies, important physicochemical properties are identified to guide the rational design of self-assembled compounds. Then, the pharmacophore hybridization strategy is used to design self-assemble nanoparticles by preparing new chemical structures by combining pharmacophore groups of different bioactive compounds. Hydroxychloroquine is grafted with the lipophilic vitamin E succinate and then co-assembled with bortezomib to fabricate the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle can reduce M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through lysosomal alkalization and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition in tumor cells. In mouse models, the nanoparticles induce decreased levels of M2-type TAMs, regulatory T cells, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and increase the proportion of cytotoxicity T lymphocytes. Additionally, the nanoparticles reduce the secretion of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by inhibiting NF-κB and enhance the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade therapy. The pharmacophore hybridization-derived nanoparticle provides a dual-modulation strategy to reprogram the tumor microenvironment, which will efficiently enhance the chemoimmunotherapy against triple-negative breast cancer., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The brain, as a vital part of central nervous system, receives approximately 25% of body's blood supply, making accurate monitoring of cerebral blood flow essential. While fNIRS is widely used for measuring brain physiology, complex tissue structure affects light intensity, spot size, and detection accuracy. Many studies rely on simulations with limited experimental validation. In this study, we used real adult skulls and agar to create a mimic model, building a transmission optical system with 13 wavelength filters and varying agar thicknesses. Peak intensity of transmitted light and size of scattered spot were measured at different wavelengths, and transmittance, total attenuation coefficient, and spot diameter enlargement of cranial mimics at different wavelengths were obtained. Results showed wavelengths below 550 nm struggled to penetrate the skull, while those above 700 nm penetrated deeper and diffused more. This suggests that short wavelengths capture epidermal PPG signals, whereas longer wavelengths detect both epidermal and intracranial signals., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of clinical manifestations with no effective treatment strategy to date. Here, transplantation of GABAergic precursor cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) is demonstrated to significantly improve cognitive performance in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. Within the hippocampus of Fmr1-KO mice, MGE-derived cells from wild-type donor mice survive, migrate, differentiate into functionally mature interneurons, and form inhibitory synaptic connections with host pyramidal neurons. MGE cell transplantation restores Ras-PKB signaling in pyramidal neurons, enhances AMPA receptor trafficking, rescues synaptic plasticity, and corrects abnormal hippocampal neural oscillations. These findings highlight the potential of GABAergic precursor cell transplantation as a promising therapeutic strategy for FXS., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate (AOC) affords preferential cell targeting and enhanced cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Here, we have developed a modular AOC (MAOC) approach based on accurate self-assembly of separately prepared antibody and ASO modules. Homogeneous multimeric AOC with defined ASO-to-antibody ratio were generated by L-DNA scaffold mediated precise self-assembly of antibodies and ASOs. The MAOC approach has been implemented to deliver exon skipping ASOs via transferrin receptor (TfR1) mediated internalization. We discovered an anti-TfR1 sdAb that can greatly enhance nuclear delivery of ASOs. Cryo-EM structure of the sdAb-TfR1 complex showed a new epitope that does not overlap with the binding sites of endogenous TfR1 ligands. In vivo functional analyses of MAOCs with one ASO for single exon skipping and two ASOs for double exon skipping showed that both ASO concentration and exon skipping efficacy of MAOC in cardiac and skeletal muscles are dramatically higher than conventional ASOs in the transgenic human TfR1 mouse model. MAOC treatment was well tolerated in vivo and not associated with any toxicity-related morbidity or mortality. Collectively, our data suggest that the self-assembled MAOC is a viable option for broadening the therapeutic application of ASO via multi-specific targeting and delivery., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Large-scale studies indicate a strong relationship between the gut microbiome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Here, a higher abundance of the type III secretion system (T3SS) virulence factors of Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia-Shigella in patients with T2DM-related-ASCVD, which correlates with their atherosclerotic stenosis is reported. Overexpression of T3SS via Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infection in Apoe-/- T2DM mice exacerbated atherosclerotic lesion formation and increased gut permeability. Non-targeted metabolomic and proteomic analysis of mouse serum showed that T3SS caused abnormal glycerophospholipid metabolism in mice. Proteomics, RNA sequencing, and functional analyses showed that T3SS induced ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, partly due to increased expression of ferritin heavy chains (FTH1). This findings first demonstrated that T3SS increases ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, via disrupting the intestinal barrier and upregulation of phosphatidylcholine, thereby exacerbating T2DM-related ASCVD., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Thermo-responsive dielectric switching hybrid halides, displaying reversible dielectric bistability, have recently made them highly versatile and attractive for their structural tunability and rich functional properties. However, the substantial improvement of the dielectric switching operating range is limited near room temperature, and obtaining ultra-wide dielectric switching temperature region is a major challenge. Herein, a remarkable dielectric switching effect is reported with ultra-wide dielectric switching temperature region in a hybrid halide system, caused by dipolar orientational polarization ascribing order-disorder phase transitions. The new A 2 BX 4 hybrid halide [C 6 H 5 (CH 2 ) 4 NH 3 ] 2 ZnBr 4 (4PBA-ZnBr 4 ) with an ultra-wide dielectric hysteresis loop of about 55 K near room temperature is designed successfully through halogen substitution. Meanwhile, structurally similar hybrid materials 4PBA-ZnI 4 were designed as controls. More interestingly, the crystal structure, phase transition temperature (Tc), dielectric and semiconductor properties exhibit significant discrepancies as the halogen atoms vary from Br to I. This discovery provides an efficiently regulated anionic framework to construct hybrid halides with ultra-wide high dielectric switching and reliable cycling stability by assembling with various cations, making them potentially excellent candidates for highly responsive room temperature smart switches or transducer devices., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Single nanoparticle analysis is crucial for various applications in biology, materials, and energy. However, precisely profiling and monitoring weakly scattering nanoparticles remains challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that deep learning-empowered plasmonic microscopy (Deep-SM) enables precise sizing and collision detection of functional chemical and biological nanoparticles. Image sequences are recorded by the state-of-the-art plasmonic microscopy during single nanoparticle collision onto the sensor surface. Deep-SM can enhance signal detection and suppresses noise by leveraging spatio-temporal correlations of the unique signal and noise characteristics in plasmonic microscopy image sequences. Deep-SM can provide significant scattering signal enhancement and noise reduction in dynamic imaging of biological nanoparticles as small as 10 nm, as well as the collision detection of metallic nanoparticle electrochemistry and quantum coupling with plasmonic microscopy. The high sensitivity and simplicity make this approach promising for routine use in nanoparticle analysis across diverse scientific fields., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Small molecules as nanomedicine carriers offer advantages in drug loading and preparation. Selecting effective small molecules for stable nanomedicines is challenging. This study used artificial intelligence (AI) to screen drug combinations for self-assembling nanomedicines, employing physiochemical parameters to predict formation via machine learning. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are identified as effective carriers for antineoplastic drugs, with high drug loading. Nanomedicines, PEG-coated indomethacin/paclitaxel nanomedicine (PiPTX), and laminarin-modified indomethacin/paclitaxel nanomedicine (LiDOX), are developed with extended circulation and active targeting functions. Indomethacin/paclitaxel nanomedicine iDOX exhibits pH-responsive drug release in the tumor microenvironment. These nanomedicines enhance anti-tumor effects and reduce side effects, offering a rapid approach to clinical nanomedicine development., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted significant interest in material chemistry, particularly if they own extremely low band gaps and magnetic properties. However, challenges remain regarding the synthetic accessibility and energy saturation issues. In this study, we introduce NR-11, which consists of eleven aromatic rings in its main conjugation and is separately doped with two electron-rich nitrogen atoms. This unique structure imparts intriguing oxidation characteristics to NR-11. The cationic radical NR-11 + ⋅ exhibits enhanced stability and demonstrates strong absorption in the range of 1250 nm to 3000 nm, peaking at 2570 nm. As a result, the optical energy gap of NR-11 + ⋅ is one of the lowest reported to date. Additionally, X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that NR-11 + ⋅ displays unusual symmetry-broken charge separation. For the dication, variable-temperature NMR and variable-temperature EPR studies indicate that NR-11 2+ exhibits a high diradical character with a ▵E S-T of approximately -1 kcal/mol. Additionally, its spins are polarized at two ends of the PAH. Meanwhile, its strong absorption in the near-infrared II region suggests promise in photoacoustic (PA) conversion applications. This work underscores the significance of cationic species of extended long PAHs, highlighting their exceptional properties and potential applications., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Achieving multi-spectrum compatible stealth in radar-terahertz-infrared bands with robust performance has great prospects for both military and civilian applications. However, the progress of materials encounters substantial challenges due to the significant variability in frequency coupling properties across different electromagnetic wave bands. Here, this work presents the design of a multi-scale structure and fabricates a lightweight aerogel (silver nanowire@carbon, AgNW@C) consisting of a regular coaxial nano-cable, with silver nanowire as the core and amorphous-graphitized hybrid carbon as the outer-layer. The design utilizes the one-dimensional conductive network and electric coupling heterogeneous interface, the low infrared emission of silver nanowires, and the thermal insulation caused by three-dimensional pore structure found in aerogels. This conception achieves the long-standing goal of multi-spectrum compatible stealth in an integrated material. The AgNW@C aerogel exhibits an optimal reflection loss of -66.50 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.80 GHz in the gigahertz band, while an average total shielding performance of 71.92 dB and over 50.00 dB reflection loss in the terahertz band. Furthermore, the AgNW@C aerogel demonstrates remarkable thermal infrared stealth capabilities with a low infrared emissivity of 0.28 and thermal insulation up to 150 °C under 200 °C. These exceptional multispectral stealth properties allow the aerogel for potential applications in military camouflage technology and electromagnetic protection., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Low-temperature chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene films is a long-term pursuit in the graphene synthesis field because of the low energy consumption, short heating-cooling process and low wrinkle density of as-obtained films. However, insufficient energy supply at low temperature (below 850 °C) usually leads to the difficulty in carbon source dissociation, graphene growth, and defect healing. Herein, a Carbon-Oxygen (C─O) radical assisted strategy is proposed for low-temperature growth of defect-free, wrinkle-free, and single-crystalline graphene films by using methanol precursor. We provide a deep insight into the growth process fueled by methanol precursor, unveiling the dissociation pathway of methanol and the roles of intermediate C─O radicals in carbon attaching and assembling to graphene lattice without defect formation. This method shows promising prospects in the cost-effective production of high-quality graphene films and provides inspiration for growing other 2D materials., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Traditional lighting methods have environmental and efficiency drawbacks. These methods are gradually being overshadowed by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because of their superior color rendering and energy efficiency. In this study, color-tunable NaBa 2 (Ba/Sr/Ca)Si 2 O 7 F:Eu 2+ phosphors are successfully designed by modulating the local crystal field environment through homodominant-group cation substitution, thereby allowing for a spectral shift from blue to bright cyan. Detailed structural analysis of the samples demonstrated the synthesis of high-quality solid-solution materials. A comprehensive examination of the phosphor crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, and fluorescence lifetime reveal that the cyan phosphor possesses a remarkable internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 93%) and low thermal quenching characteristics (I 423 K /I 303 K = 84%). The results illustrate the critical role of Eu 2+ -activated cyan phosphors in reducing the spectral gap to attain a natural white-light spectrum, which is indispensable for achieving high color fidelity. The practical application of cyan phosphors in the fabrication of high-performance white LED (WLED) (Ra = 96.8) and fingerprint detection is validated, demonstrating their extensive utility in enhancing visual accuracy and identification., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Flexible films with optimal piezoelectric performance and water-triggered dissolution behavior are fabricated using the co-dissolution-evaporation method by mixing trimethylchloromethyl ammonium chloride (TMCM-Cl), CdCl 2 , and polyethylene oxide (PEO, a water-soluble polymer). The resultant TMCM trichlorocadmium (TMCM-CdCl 3 ) crystal/PEO film exhibited the highest piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) compared to the films employing other polymers because PEO lacks electrophilic or nucleophilic side-chain groups and therefore exhibits relatively weaker and fewer bonding interactions with the crystal components. Furthermore, upon slightly increasing the amount of one precursor of TMCM-CdCl 3 during co-dissolution, this component gained an advantage in the competition against PEO for bonding with the other precursor. This in turn improved the co-crystallization yield of TMCM-CdCl 3 and further enhanced d 33 to ≈71 pC/N, exceeding that of polyvinylidene fluoride (a commercial flexible piezoelectric) and most other molecular ferroelectric crystal-based flexible films. This study presents an important innovation and progress in the methodology and theory for maintaining a high piezoelectric performance during the preparation of flexible multi-component piezoelectric crystal films., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The integration of perovskites with mature silicon platform has emerged as a promising approach in the development of efficient on-chip light sources and high-brightness displays. However, the performance of Si-based green perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still falls significantly short compared to their red and near-infrared counterparts. In this study, it is revealed that the high work function Au, widely employed in Si-based top-emission PeLEDs as the reflective bottom electrode, exhibits considerably lower reflectivity in the green spectrum than in the longer wavelengths. Consequently, Ag electrode is introduced to replace Au to enhance the green light reflectivity, and the ultrathin MoO 3 and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are sequentially deposited for surface modification. These results indicate that the MoO 3 layer removes the energy barrier at Ag/polymer hole transport layer interface, enhancing the hole injection efficiency; while the SAMs firmly anchor onto the MoO 3 layer, effectively preventing interfacial defect formation. Benefited from this organic/inorganic dual-layer modification strategy, Si-based green PeLEDs with an impressive peak external quantum efficiency of 18.2% and a maximum brightness of 81931 cd m -2 are successfully fabricated, on par with those of the red and near-infrared counterparts. This achievement marks an advancement in developing high-performance Si-based PeLEDs with full-spectrum output., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)