50 results on '"Nest box"'
Search Results
2. Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) rear four broods to apparent fledging in northeastern Arkansas.
- Author
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Harrod, Sara E., De Bellis, Caitlin, Trusty, Amanda, and Rolland, Virginie
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL clutches , *BIRD eggs , *CLIMATE change , *EGG incubation - Abstract
Climate change has advanced the onset of spring and, subsequently, avian nesting activity. Although this advance can have negative consequences such as phenological mismatch, species may be able to increase the annual number of young fledged. Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) can rear 3 broods to fledging, but in this paper we report 3 pairs that reared 4 broods to apparent fledging in 2016 and 2020 in northeastern Arkansas. Nesting attempts began as early as 18 March with the first laid egg and concluded as late as 18 September with the last fledging event; brood sizes ranged from 2 to 5 chicks. Nests were checked daily 15–18 d post-hatching, increasing confidence in our determination of successful fledging. Unlike a previous report of 4 broods reared by a male that mated with 2 females at once, the pairs at our site all remained together through all 4 attempts. These pairs all consisted of after-second-year birds and we discuss why we believe these nests were successful, as well as factors that allowed these pairs to attempt to rear an additional brood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The influence of weather and parental provisioning on fledging success depends on nest box type in a cavity-nesting passerine, the Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides).
- Author
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Leroux, Sarah L., Mckellar, Ann E., Flood, Nancy J., Paetkau, Mark J., Bailey, Jacob M., and Reudink, Matthew W.
- Subjects
- *
MOUNTAIN bluebird , *PASSERIFORMES , *BABY birds , *PROVISIONING rate (Birds) , *NEST building - Abstract
Both weather and parental care can influence avian reproductive success, yet few studies have investigated these 2 factors simultaneously. Examining these factors under a common framework is informative because they may interact to influence overall productivity; for example, weather could directly influence nestling survival or could act indirectly by influencing rates of provisioning. To tease apart these possibilities, we used piecewise structural equation modeling and path analysis to assess the relative influence of local weather (temperature and rainfall) and rates of provisioning on the fledging success of Mountain Bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) breeding in nest boxes. Both ambient temperature during the nestling period and provisioning rates influenced fledging success, but this finding was dependent on nest box entrance type. Bluebirds nesting in boxes with a hole-shaped entrance had higher overall fledging success than those using boxes with a slot-shaped entrance and exhibited a positive association between fledging success and provisioning rates but a negative association with temperature. Bluebirds nesting in boxes with a slot-shaped entrance experienced reduced fledging success, and success was only weakly associated with provisioning rates. Reduced fledging success for birds nesting in slot boxes may be due to increased exposure and higher susceptibility to stochastic events (e.g., storms), which may also mask any effects of parental effort on success rates. Based on these findings, we recommend the use of nest boxes with hole-shaped rather than slot-shaped entrances when managers and conservation groups establish new bluebird routes or replace existing boxes. Les conditions météorologiques ainsi que l'approvisionnement parentale peuvent influencer le succès reproducteur aviaire; peu d'études, cependant, ont exploré ces deux facteurs simultanément. L'examen de ces facteurs dans le cadre d'un même programme d'étude est informatif puisque ces facteurs peuvent interagir de façon à influencer la productivité totale; par exemple, les conditions météorologiques pourraient directement influencer la survie des oisillons ou agir indirectement en influençant le taux d'approvisionnement. Pour distinguer ces influences directes et indirectes, nous avons employé une modélisation par équation structurelle séquentielle ainsi que l'analyse des trajectoires, permettant de déterminer l'influence des conditions météorologiques locales (température et précipitation) et de l'approvisionnement sur le succès d'envol de merlebleus azurés (Sialia currucoides) utilisant des nichoirs. La température ambiante pendant la période de nidification de même que le taux d'approvisionnement ont influencé le succès d'envol, mais le résultat variait selon le type de nichoir. Les merlebleus utilisant des nichoirs avec trou d'entrée circulaire avaient un succès d'envol plus élevé que ceux utilisant des nichoirs avec trou d'entrée en forme de fente verticale, et le succès d'envol était positivement lié au taux d'approvisionnement mais négativement lié à la température. Les merlebleus utilisant des nichoirs avec entrée en forme de fente avaient un succès d'envol réduit, et le succès d'envol était faiblement lié au taux d'approvisionnement. Le succès d'envol inférieur observé parmi les oiseaux utilisant les nichoirs avec entrée en forme de fente était possiblement dû à une plus grande exposition et sensibilité du nid aux événements stochastiques (e.g. tempêtes), ce qui pourrait également masquer les effets de l'approvisionnement parentale sur le taux de succès d'envol. Compte tenu de ces résultats, nous recommandons de munir les nichoirs d'une entrée circulaire plutôt que d'une entrée en forme de fente verticale lorsque gestionnaires et groupes de conservation cherchent à créer de nouveaux sentiers de nichoirs ou veulent remplacer des nichoirs existants. Mots-clés: approvisionnement, conditions météorologiques, envol, merlebleu azuré, nichoir, soins parentaux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Hooded Mergansers ( Lophodytes cucullatus) Use Nest Boxes Designed for Wood Ducks ( Aix sponsa): A Changing Demographic.
- Author
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Heusmann, H W and Stolarski, Jason T.
- Subjects
- *
HOODED merganser , *BIRDHOUSES , *WOOD duck , *BIRD behavior , *BIRD ecology - Abstract
Increasing populations of Hooded Mergansers ( Lophodytes cucullatus) (Heusmann et. al 2000) may be out-competing Wood Ducks ( Aix sponsa) for nest boxes on some sites in Massachusetts. Hooded Mergansers' use increased from ≤2% of boxes in 1979 to 25% by 2013, while Wood Ducks' use increased from an average of 22% in 1979 to a peak of 65% by the mid-1990s and has since declined to 57%. We estimate that Hooded Mergansers may be important nest competitors on 13 of 51 study sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Nest Box Use by the Dark-eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis).
- Author
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Bailey, Robyn L. and Sherwood, Melissa
- Subjects
- *
DARK-eyed junco , *BIRDHOUSES , *ORNITHOLOGY , *BIRD ecology , *BIRD behavior - Abstract
The Dark-eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis) is one of the most abundant birds in North America and exhibits versatility in its selection of nest sites. Although typically ground-nesting birds, juncos also nest occasionally in trees, on buildings, and in natural recesses such as rock crevices. To our knowledge, juncos have never been reported nesting in a fully enclosed nest box specifically provided for songbirds. We report the first record of nest box adoption by Dark-eyed Juncos, supported by photographic evidence. A nest box containing a nest attended by a pair of Dark-eyed Juncos was monitored in 2016 in western Washington, USA, and reported to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's NestWatch program, a national citizen-science program wherein volunteers submit data on wild nesting birds. The nest in question hatched successfully, and three nestlings fledged from the box. Cavity nesting in New World sparrows appears to be very rare, and we found only four additional observations of juncos utilizing natural cavity nests (i.e., a tree hole). Engaging the public to monitor large numbers of nests is the most likely approach to documenting novel nest sites, and citizen science provides the infrastructure for individuals to share observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) usurp a Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) nest and fledge a mixed-species brood
- Author
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Jeffrey P. Hoover
- Subjects
Brood parasite ,Ecology ,biology ,Protonotaria citrea ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Chickadee ,Brood ,Warbler ,Nest ,Poecile ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Apart from obligate and facultative brood parasitism in birds, mixed-species clutches and broods are uncommon. Competition among birds for limited nest sites can result in antagonistic interactions leading to nest usurpation. When one species evicts and takes over the nest of another it can, on rare occasions, result in a clutch containing eggs of both species. Here I report an instance of Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) usurping a Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) nest that resulted in the first documented instance of chickadees fledging a brood containing both chickadee and warbler nestlings. During a nest box study in southern Illinois during 1994–2006, this was the only nesting attempt (n = 6,076) where there was interspecific nest usurpation. In this case, a female chickadee contributed to building the nest cup in the box and laid eggs on 3 of the same days as the female warbler. The chickadee pair usurped the nest from the warblers, and ultimately fledged a mixed brood containing 3 chickadees and 3 warblers. The displaced adult warblers nested in a nearby nest box where they fledged 3 warbler nestlings, subsequently reused the original usurped nest box for an attempt at a second brood after the chickadees' brood fledged, and fledged 5 more warbler nestlings from it. This was not a case of facultative brood parasitism because the warblers were first to start building a nest in the box, only to have the chickadees contribute to nest building before evicting the warblers after there were 3 eggs of each species in the nest. The potential for the Neotropical migrant warbler nestlings/fledglings to mis-imprint on the resident chickadees that raised them likely diminished the warblers' ability to successfully survive their first year of life and/or subsequently mate with other Prothonotary Warblers. The rarity of nest usurpation in this bottomland forest study system suggests that cavities that serve as nest sites are not limiting.
- Published
- 2021
7. Nestling Mortality as a Consequence of Interspecific Competition between Secondary Cavity Nesters in the Sub-Antarctic Forests of Chile.
- Author
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Botero-Delgadillo, Esteban, Poblete, Yanina, and Vásquez, Rodrigo A.
- Subjects
- *
BABY birds , *ANIMAL young , *TACHYCINETA , *SWALLOWS (Birds) - Abstract
Interspecific competition among secondary cavity nesters can involve physical conflicts between individuals, which may lead to serious injuries or death. Here we report a case of aggression by a pair of Chilean Swallows ( Tachycineta meyeni) towards a nestling of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito ( Aphrastura spinicauda) in the sub-Antarctic forests of Chile. This aggression caused the displacement of the breeding rayaditos from an occupied nest box and it appears, nestling mortality. Since levels of aggression among cavity nesters depend on the synchrony of their breeding phenologies, further research is needed to study the prevalence of nest usurpation by Chilean Swallows and its relation to the degree of breeding synchrony with other cavity nesters inhabiting the sub-Antarctic forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. House Wrens Alter Nest Architecture to Compensate for Cavity Vulnerability.
- Author
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Stanback, Mark T., Bartholomew, Joseph E., Bergner, Laura M., Cline, Esther L., Helms, Paul I., McGovern, Patrick G., Millican, David M., and Roth, Jeffrey E.
- Subjects
- *
HOUSE wren , *NEST building , *TROGLODYTES (Bird genus) , *WRENS , *ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
We compared House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) nests in nest boxes with either small (28 mm) or large (38 mm) entrance holes. Spring clutch size did not differ between wrens using boxes with large and small holes. Nests in boxes with large holes had a significantly taller 'berm' of sticks between the box entrance and the nest cup than did nests in boxes with small holes. This was true even when the same wren pairs were given boxes with different-size holes for spring and summer nests. We compared the difficulty of touching the eggs when we removed the frontplate of the nest box as an alternative measure of nest vulnerability to predators and brood parasites. There was a significant association between hole size and accessibility: boxes without the protection of a small entrance hole were far more likely to be categorized as 'inaccessible.' We found a similar relationship between berm height and nest architecture: nests with tall berms were generally less accessible than were nests with shorter berms. Contrary to earlier claims, House Wrens alter nest architecture to compensate for vulnerability of cavities with large entrance holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Nest Box Use by the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)
- Author
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Melissa Sherwood and Robyn L. Bailey
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Junco hyemalis ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Dark-eyed junco ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ornithology ,Nest box ,Junco ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) is one of the most abundant birds in North America and exhibits versatility in its selection of nest sites. Although typically ground-nesting birds, juncos also nest occasionally in trees, on buildings, and in natural recesses such as rock crevices. To our knowledge, juncos have never been reported nesting in a fully enclosed nest box specifically provided for songbirds. We report the first record of nest box adoption by Dark-eyed Juncos, supported by photographic evidence. A nest box containing a nest attended by a pair of Dark-eyed Juncos was monitored in 2016 in western Washington, USA, and reported to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's NestWatch program, a national citizen-science program wherein volunteers submit data on wild nesting birds. The nest in question hatched successfully, and three nestlings fledged from the box. Cavity nesting in New World sparrows appears to be very rare, and we found only four additional observations of juncos utilizing natura...
- Published
- 2017
10. Hooded Mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) Use Nest Boxes Designed for Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa): A Changing Demographic
- Author
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Jason T. Stolarski and H W Heusmann
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Wood ducks ,Competition (biology) ,010601 ecology ,Nest ,Aix sponsa ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
Increasing populations of Hooded Mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) (Heusmann et. al 2000) may be out-competing Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) for nest boxes on some sites in Massachusetts. Hooded Mergansers' use increased from ≤2% of boxes in 1979 to 25% by 2013, while Wood Ducks' use increased from an average of 22% in 1979 to a peak of 65% by the mid-1990s and has since declined to 57%. We estimate that Hooded Mergansers may be important nest competitors on 13 of 51 study sites.
- Published
- 2017
11. Heterospecific Infanticidal Behavior by Southern House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon musculus) Suggests Nest Site Competition
- Author
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Gustavo H. Kattan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Parrotlet ,Troglodytes ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,010605 ornithology ,Nest ,Apical flycatcher ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest site ,Forpus conspicillatus ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
Destruction of conspecific and heterospecific eggs and nestlings occurs in several species of passerines. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptiveness of this behavior: as a mechanism to avoid competition or to gain access to reproductive opportunities. In Colombia, Southern House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon musculus) broke eggs and/or killed nestlings of Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus, 24 cases), Apical Flycatcher (Myiarchis apicalis, one case) and of other House Wrens (four cases). Wrens attacked parrotlet nests in three contexts: 1) wrens took over and used a parrotlet nestbox within their territory, 2) wrens with an active nest attacked a neighboring parrotlet nest, or 3) the attacker was unknown but was inferred to be a wren. Wrens also attacked trial nests with natural and artificial wren eggs that were placed near active wren nests. These observations suggest that infanticidal behavior by wrens at this locality may be driven by competition for nest sites. I...
- Published
- 2016
12. A Case of Interspecific Nest Use in Larks (Alaudidae)
- Author
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Derek Engelbrecht
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Passerine ,010605 ornithology ,Eremopterix leucotis ,Predation ,Spizocorys conirostris ,Nest ,biology.animal ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest site ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Nest reuse is a common phenomenon in many passerine and non-passerine birds species. Although interspecific nest reuse has been reported in many African species, it is rare in passerines that nest in open, cup-shaped nests. Here, I report on interspecific nest reuse in larks (Alaudidae), specifically of a pair of Chestnut-backed Sparrow-larks Eremopterix leucotis using a nest previously occupied by Pink-billed Larks Spizocorys conirostris. It is possible that the Chestnut-backed Sparrow-larks selected a nest site in an area where predation seemed low as there were other successful nests or nests with nestlings in the near vicinity. The interspecific nest reuse reported here suggests opportunistic occupation of a previously used nest while at the same time saving the pair some energy during a period of peak activity and high energetic demands.
- Published
- 2016
13. Assessing Nest Success of Black-Capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in an Urban Landscape Using Artificial Cavities
- Author
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Mason Fidino, Kelvin Limbrick, John Bender, and Seth B. Magle
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Biology ,Generalist and specialist species ,biology.organism_classification ,Urban area ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Chickadee ,010605 ornithology ,Urban ecology ,Nest ,Habitat ,Poecile ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Native bird diversity is compromised in urban areas partially because of the lack of available habitat for some species. As urbanization continues to increase, it is important to understand the behavioral dynamics of bird species located in cities. The Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), as a generalist species, offers an opportunity to investigate how common native birds use urban areas that lack natural habitat features while additionally competing with non-native, invasive species (e.g., House Sparrows, Passer domesticus). Our objectives were to determine nest box use and nesting success rate of Black-capped Chickadees and House Sparrows using artificial nest boxes in natural habitats located in an urban area, specifically a recently restored 5.66- ha area of pond sedge surrounded by oak (Quercus spp.) savannah located south of Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Artificial nest cavities with 3 cm diameter entrance holes, intended to exclude House Sparrows, were installed on...
- Published
- 2016
14. Predator scent and visual cue applied to nest boxes fail to dissuade European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from nesting
- Author
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Morgan B. Pfeiffer, Thomas W. Seamans, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Bruce N. Buckingham
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Avian clutch size ,genetic structures ,Ecology ,biology ,Starling ,Foraging ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,010605 ornithology ,Predation ,Nest ,Sturnus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Predator ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Indirect predator cues have been shown to enhance perceived nest predation risk in both open-cup and cavity-nesting birds. We hypothesized that scent from the raccoon (Procyon lotor) inside nest boxes, supplemented with raccoon hair as a visual cue on the outside of the box, would enhance perceived risk to the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), resulting in reduced use of treated nest boxes and negative effects on reproduction. The starling is recognized, outside its native range, as a competitor with indigenous cavity nesters and a pest species, and efforts to deter its nesting have generally been unsuccessful. Our objectives were to examine nest initiation, clutch development, and hatching success by starlings relative to 4 nest box treatments. Starlings selected from nest boxes treated with a novel visual cue at the entry hole, predator scent inside the nest box and supplemented with a predator visual cue at the entry hole, the predator visual cue, or a novel odor inside the box and supplemented with the novel visual cue at the entry hole (n = 120 boxes; n = 30 per treatment). Starlings established nest bowls in 65% of nest boxes (novel visual cue = 21 boxes, predator scent/predator visual cue = 19 boxes, predator visual cue = 17 boxes, novel odor/novel visual cue = 21 boxes); clutches (≥1 egg) were laid in 80 boxes, but 2 boxes contained a single egg with no nest. We observed no effects of treatment on likelihood of starlings laying a clutch, date of first egg, clutch size, or hatchling number. We conclude that raccoon scent inside nest boxes, supplemented by raccoon hair as a visual cue, failed to enhance perceived risk to starlings such that nesting was deterred. We suggest that direct or indirect experience with nest predation attempts (which enhance perceived risk) and the starling's plasticity in antipredator responses are key hurdles in development of an efficacious nesting deterrent. Therefore, we encourage the evaluation of direct predation risk via use of predator effigies on or in nest boxes, as well as in foraging areas proximate to nest boxes.
- Published
- 2020
15. Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor) rear a mixed brood to apparent fledging in northeastern Arkansas
- Author
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Virginie Rolland, Shelby C. Moseley, and Sara E. Harrod
- Subjects
Baeolophus ,Ecology ,Fledge ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Brood ,Sialia sialis ,Nest ,Seasonal breeder ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bluebird ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Interspecific nest usurpation, a relatively common nesting strategy, is the act of one bird species taking over the nesting site of another species. Although used by secondary cavity-nesters, nest usurpation has never been reported for the Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor). In this paper, we document a mixed brood successfully reared by Tufted Titmice after usurpation of an Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) nest in northeastern Arkansas during the 2019 breeding season. We monitored the focal nest box every 3–4 d from the first sign of nest building on 23 March 2019 until chick fledging by 12 May 2019. The Tufted Titmice took over the nest at the time the Eastern Bluebird had laid its fourth egg in the nest. By the end of the nesting period, the Tufted Titmice fledged 2 of their own chicks and 3 Eastern Bluebird chicks. Such successful rearing of non-conspecific nestlings is rare and we discuss factors that may have allowed it.
- Published
- 2020
16. First Documentation of a 'Double-Decker' Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) Nest
- Author
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Claire E. Nemes, Daniel M. Pirtle, and Kamal Islam
- Subjects
Brood parasite ,Ecology ,biology ,Cerulean ,Setophaga cerulea ,Interspecific competition ,Passerine ,Warbler ,Nest ,biology.animal ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Construction of nests containing multiple layers or “stories” has been observed in a number of passerine species. These atypical nest structures are frequently a response to brood parasitism, wherein the host female will bury the parasite’s egg under a new layer of nesting material. They may also occur as a result of either intra- or interspecific competition for limited nest sites, with one individual usurping another’s nest and adding new material on top. However, such structures have not previously been documented in the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a Neotropical migrant species that breeds in the eastern U.S. and Canada. Here, we report our observations of an unusual “double-decker” nest that was constructed in 2014 in Brown County, southern Indiana. A female Cerulean Warbler first built a typical nest, and several days later we discovered a second visibly distinct nest superimposed on top of the original one. Subsequent retrieval and inspection of the two-story nest revealed no buri...
- Published
- 2015
17. Nestling Mortality as a Consequence of Interspecific Competition between Secondary Cavity Nesters in the Sub-Antarctic Forests of Chile
- Author
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Rodrigo A. Vásquez, Esteban Botero‐Delgadillo, and Yanina Poblete
- Subjects
Tachycineta meyeni ,Ecology ,Aggression ,Interspecific competition ,Biology ,Sub antarctic ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest ,Aphrastura spinicauda ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Interspecific competition among secondary cavity nesters can involve physical conflicts between individuals, which may lead to serious injuries or death. Here we report a case of aggression by a pair of Chilean Swallows (Tachycineta meyeni) towards a nestling of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in the sub-Antarctic forests of Chile. This aggression caused the displacement of the breeding rayaditos from an occupied nest box and it appears, nestling mortality. Since levels of aggression among cavity nesters depend on the synchrony of their breeding phenologies, further research is needed to study the prevalence of nest usurpation by Chilean Swallows and its relation to the degree of breeding synchrony with other cavity nesters inhabiting the sub-Antarctic forests.
- Published
- 2015
18. Nesting of Laughing Falcons (Herpetotheres cachinnans) in the Pantanal, Brazil, with Remarks on Young Plumage and Nestling Vocalization
- Author
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Karlla Vanessa de Camargo Barbosa, Neiva Maria Robaldo Guedes, Thiago V. V. Costa, Monalyssa Camandaroba, and Thiago Filadelfo
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Falconidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Plumage ,Nearctic ecozone ,Seasonal breeder ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Herpetotheres ,Hatchling ,Herpetotheres cachinnans ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Laughing Falcons (Herpetotheres cachinnans) are common, medium-sized falconids that occur throughout the Neotropical region and marginally in the Nearctic American continent. There is little data on their breeding biology with the only information available based on scattered records. Here, we report data on 11 nests of H. cachinnans from the Pantanal, Brazil, including four in nest-boxes, between 2007–2008. The breeding season occurred between July–December, which is in accordance with the few records for this region. Records of two eggs or nestlings were found in 28% (n = 3) of nests, while the remaining 72% (n = 8) had one egg or nestling. The eggs were rounded and buff with brown markings or dark brown or purplish brown with darker markings. The hatchlings, even when a few days old, are pale buff overall in plumage with the distinctive black mask, typical of the adults. An undescribed vocalization of the nestling was recorded, which is similar to an uncommon vocal type emitted by the adul...
- Published
- 2014
19. Vineyard and riparian habitat, not nest box presence, alter avian community composition
- Author
-
Julie A. Jedlicka, Russell Greenberg, and Peter T. Raimondi
- Subjects
geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Riparian buffer ,fungi ,Woodland ,Vineyard ,Geography ,Nest ,Habitat ,Seasonal breeder ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Riparian zone - Abstract
In California, oak woodlands are being converted into vineyards, resulting in a loss of songbird nesting sites. Although many vineyards contain wooded riparian habitat, no previous research has examined the avian species composition in oak-vineyard landscapes. We compared the avian communities associated with vineyard, edge, and riparian habitats and examined to what degree the riparian habitat in vineyard landscapes continues to support birds associated with native oak woodland habitat that spanned the region before agricultural intensification. We further tested whether the presence of nest boxes in vineyard and riparian areas altered avian species composition in the landscape. Mist nets were used to survey the avian community in vineyard, edge, and riparian habitat at four sites during the breeding season. Permutational ANOVAs, using presence-absence data from captures, identified habitat, study sites, and time over the breeding season as highly significant main effects that explained differen...
- Published
- 2014
20. Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) feeds Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings: Support for location-based decision rule
- Author
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Julian D. Avery, Danielle P. Williams, and Margaret C. Brittingham
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,Interspecific competition ,Decision rule ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Sialia sialis ,Competition (biology) ,010605 ornithology ,Nest ,Tachycineta bicolor ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bluebird ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
Interspecific feeding is an uncommon yet widespread phenomenon where an individual of one species feeds the young of another. There are numerous hypotheses to explain why this behavior might occur, but in most cases the observer can only speculate on the cause because they lack information on the nesting histories of the species involved. We observed a color-banded male Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) feed 10-day-old Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings in a paired nest box 29 times during a 3 h nest observation. The male bluebird had previously fledged young from the box where the Tree Swallows were currently nesting and currently was nesting in the paired box, suggesting that the probable cause for this reproductive error was both the close proximity of the box and an attachment to the box where he had previously raised young. This observation suggests that instead of identifying the young by call, the male was using a place-based decision rule when he responded to the calls from the box where he had previously nested. Pairing nest boxes, a common practice used to reduce competition for nest boxes between bluebirds and Tree Swallows, may inadvertently increase the probability of interspecific feeding as a result of location-based decision rules for feeding and care of young.
- Published
- 2019
21. Effect of Introduced Japanese Weasels (Mustela itatsi) on the Nest Height of Japanese Bush Warblers (Horornis diphone) on Miyake-jima Island, Japan
- Author
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Shoji Hamao and Hiroyoshi Higuchi
- Subjects
Avian clutch size ,Ecology ,Mustela itatsi ,Biology ,Bird nest ,biology.organism_classification ,Predation ,Nest ,Animal ecology ,Weasel ,biology.animal ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Japanese weasels (Mustela itatsi) artificially introduced to Miyake-jima Island, a peripheral island of Japan, in the early 1980s increased predation on bird nests. We investigated the breeding biology of Japanese Bush Warblers (Horornis diphone) before and after the weasel introduction. Nest height was higher after than before the introduction, while clutch size did not differ significantly between the periods. These results suggest that introduced carnivores affect not only nest predation but also the nest site selection of birds.
- Published
- 2013
22. House Wrens Alter Nest Architecture to Compensate for Cavity Vulnerability
- Author
-
Mark T. Stanback, Esther L. Cline, Patrick G. McGovern, David M. Millican, Joseph E. Bartholomew, Paul I. Helms, Jeffrey E. Roth, and Laura M. Bergner
- Subjects
Brood parasite ,Avian clutch size ,Hydrology ,Ecology ,biology ,Berm ,Troglodytes ,biology.organism_classification ,Predation ,Geography ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Hole size ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We compared House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) nests in nest boxes with either small (28 mm) or large (38 mm) entrance holes. Spring clutch size did not differ between wrens using boxes with large and small holes. Nests in boxes with large holes had a significantly taller ‘berm’ of sticks between the box entrance and the nest cup than did nests in boxes with small holes. This was true even when the same wren pairs were given boxes with different-size holes for spring and summer nests. We compared the difficulty of touching the eggs when we removed the frontplate of the nest box as an alternative measure of nest vulnerability to predators and brood parasites. There was a significant association between hole size and accessibility: boxes without the protection of a small entrance hole were far more likely to be categorized as ‘inaccessible.’ We found a similar relationship between berm height and nest architecture: nests with tall berms were generally less accessible than were nests with shorter berms....
- Published
- 2013
23. Predators of bird nests in the Atlantic forest of Argentina and Paraguay
- Author
-
J. Martjan Lammertink, Eugenia Bianca Bonaparte, Facundo Gabriel Di Sallo, Alejandro Bodrati, Carlos A. Ferreyra, and Kristina L. Cockle
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Xiphocolaptes albicollis ,Pteroglossus castanotis ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,Ramphastos ,NEST PREDATOR ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,ATLANTIC FOREST ,010605 ornithology ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Planalto woodcreeper ,NEST FATE ,Saffron toucanet ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ramphastos dicolorus ,Toco toucan ,NEOTROPICAL ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Predation is the major cause of avian nest failure, and an important source of natural selection on life history traits and reproductive behavior. However, little is known about the identity of nest predators in much of the world, including the Neotropics. To identify some of the nest predators exerting selection pressure on birds of the subtropical Atlantic forest, we present observations of animals depredating bird nests in Argentina and Paraguay. We recorded depredations (destruction or removal of eggs or nestlings) at 33 nests of 25 species of birds, confirming as predators ten species of birds (Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana, White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru, Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco, Red-breasted Toucan Ramphastos dicolorus, Saffron Toucanet Pteroglossus baillonii, Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis, Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris, White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis, Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata, and Plush-crested Jay Cyanocorax chrysops) and two species of medium-sized mammals (White-eared Opossum Didelphis albiventris and Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous), and inferring two additional mammal species (Black Capuchin Monkey Sapajus nigritus and Southern Tigrina Leopardus guttulus). Fifty-five percent of these nests were depredated by toucans or aracaris (Ramphastidae), which destroyed eggs and nestlings at cup-, closed- and cavity-nests. Red-breasted Toucans destroyed nests 1.6?22 m high, in habitats ranging from primary forest to a backyard. Mammals and jays depredated nests from ground-level to midstory, whereas woodcreepers and aracaris depredated nests from the midstory to canopy. We did not record snakes at any bird nests, in strong contrast to studies from other Neotropical forests. Further studies should examine trade-offs among nest concealment, physical protection, and parental defense behavior as means of reducing nest predation, and use camera traps to quantify nest predation rates by predator species. Fil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina. University of British Columbia; Canadá. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina. State University of Louisiana; Estados Unidos Fil: Bodrati, Alejandro. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina Fil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados Unidos. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina Fil: Bonaparte, Eugenia Bianca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina Fil: Ferreyra, Carlos. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina Fil: Di Sallo, Facundo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina
- Published
- 2016
24. Nest-Site Characteristics Affect Probability of Nest Predation of Bull-Headed Shrikes
- Author
-
Sachiko Endo
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,biology ,Lanius bucephalus ,Fledge ,Population ,biology.organism_classification ,Predation ,Above ground ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest site ,education ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
I investigated the relationship between the probability of nest predation and nest-site characteristics: (1) nest height above ground, (2) number of branches attached to a nest, and (3) number of thorny branches around the nest for a population of Bull-headed Shrikes (Lanius bucephalus) breeding in Japan. Thirty-eight nests were located during 2008 and 2009 of which 16 were lost to predation, 14 were successful in fledging young, four were abandoned, two were parasitized, and two may have been partially depredated, although the actual reason is unclear. Neither nest height nor the number of thorny branches was correlated with breeding success. However, the number of branches was negatively correlated with probability of nest predation. The primary predators were believed to be birds, based on physical evidence at depredated nests. A high density of branches around nests of Bull-headed Shrikes may ensure they are not easily discovered and depredated by predators.
- Published
- 2012
25. Does Nest-box Size Impact Clutch Size of House Sparrows?
- Author
-
Peter E. Lowther
- Subjects
Avian clutch size ,Ecology ,Hatching ,Fledge ,Biology ,Basal area ,Animal science ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest site ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Statistical correlation - Abstract
I monitored the breeding biology of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in a suburban colony in Cook County, Illinois, USA. I found a significant statistical correlation between clutch size and the base area of the nest box (r = 0.592, P < 0.0029) with mean clutch size varying from 4.49 eggs (in a ‘small’ nest box, 112 cm2 basal area) to 4.77 eggs (in a ‘large’ nest box, 221 cm2 basal area). Other measures of breeding success (hatching and fledging success, mean egg mass, and nestling condition) had no statistically significant relationship with nest-box size. Measures of nest site preferences, as suggested by earlier date of first egg of season or by greater number of broods per season, also show no statistically significant correlation with nest-box size.
- Published
- 2012
26. Evening Nest-box Departure Times of Eastern Screech-Owls
- Author
-
W. G. Deuser
- Subjects
Evening ,Overcast ,Geography ,Ecology ,Zoology ,Dusk ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Subspecies ,Sunset ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
I observed 514 nest-box departures of 12 different individual Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio), both males and females, at dusk in Falmouth, Massachusetts over a period of 12 years and compared their departure times to local sunset. Mean (± SD) delay after sunset was 21 ± 12 min, identical for males and females, but longer than those reported for more southerly locations. Females departed significantly earlier on overcast evenings. Females advanced their departure times during the nestling period by as much as 2.6 min/day, on average, over a 25-day period. The observed differences in departure delays among populations in Texas, the Washington, D.C. area, and Massachusetts may be an expression of differences in behavior among subspecies of M. asio.
- Published
- 2011
27. Nest Predators of Ground-nesting Birds in Montane Forest of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona
- Author
-
Chris Kirkpatrick and Courtney J. Conway
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Cliff chipmunk ,biology.organism_classification ,Junco phaeonotus ,Predation ,Cardellina ,Geography ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecosystem ,Urocyon ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We used time-lapse video cameras and track plates to identify nest predators of Red-faced Warblers (Cardellina rubrifrons) and Yellow-eyed Juncos (Junco phaeonotus) in high-elevation (> 2,300 m) forests of the Santa Catalina Mountains in southeastern Arizona. Mammals, especially gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and cliff chipmunk (Tamias dorsalis), were the principal nest predators of Red-faced Warblers and Yellow-eyed Juncos within our study system, accounting for 89% of all nest depredations. Our study is one of the first to use video cameras at real nests to document the prevalence of nest predators in montane forest ecosystems. Additional research is needed to learn if mammals are the dominant nest predators in other montane environments.
- Published
- 2010
28. Nests, Nest Placement, and Eggs of Three Philippine Endemic Birds
- Author
-
Robert G. Moyle, Luis A. Sánchez-González, Carl H. Oliveros, and Nevong Puna
- Subjects
Ecology ,Hypothymis helenae ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest ,embryonic structures ,comic_books ,Cyornis herioti ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Flycatcher ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,comic_books.character ,Robsonius rabori - Abstract
We describe the nest and eggs of two Philippine endemic passerines, the Rusty-faced Babbler (Robsonius rabori) and the Blue-breasted Blue Flycatcher (Cyornis herioti). We also describe a novel type of nest and nest placement for the Short-crested Monarch (Hypothymis helenae), and provide the first description of the eggs of this species. We discuss similarities among eggs and nests of these species with their relatives, and the need for more information regarding natural history and breeding habits for the Philippine avifauna.
- Published
- 2010
29. Nest Box Use by Great Tits in Semi–arid Rural Residential Gardens
- Author
-
Shay Halevi, Motti Charter, Yossi Leshem, and Ido Izhaki
- Subjects
Parus ,Ecology ,biology ,Fledge ,Bird nest ,biology.organism_classification ,Dendrocopos ,Arid ,Rural village ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We studied use of nest boxes by Great Tits (Parus major) in rural village gardens in a semi-arid area. Great Tits occupied 46.6% of the nest boxes, and used nest boxes within higher tree densities and with more tree species in the vicinity. Breeding success was greater in nest boxes with higher plant density, more plant species, and greater height of trees in the vicinity of the nest. The presence of children or dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) near nest boxes did not affect breeding parameters. Syrian Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos syriacus) enlarged 38.0% of nest box entrances during the first year. House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) occupied 41.0% of the nest boxes with enlarged holes and none of those with normal holes. Great Tits occupied both types, but significantly fewer pairs breeding in nest boxes with enlarged holes succeeded in fledging at least one young, probably due to their eviction by the larger House Sparrows.
- Published
- 2010
30. Observations and Predation of a Coral-billed Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx renauldi) Nest in Northeastern Thailand
- Author
-
Korakoch Pobprasert and Andrew J. Pierce
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,National park ,Carpococcyx renauldi ,Endangered species ,biology.organism_classification ,Brood ,Predation ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,Cuckoo ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We found the first documented wild nest of a Coral-billed Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx renauldi) at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand in June 2007. The large stick nest was monitored for 24 days including 1095 hrs of video footage; it contained two eggs and was in dense vegetation 4.85 m above the ground. Nest attentiveness of adults was almost constant with both birds taking turns to incubate or brood. Food delivered to nestlings included lizards, nestlings, a snake, frogs, earthworms, and other invertebrates. Nest defense was observed against several known nest predators but the nest ultimately failed due to predation by a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemistrina). These observations provide insight into the breeding ecology of the only two congeners, C. viridis and C. radiceus, for which little is known of their ecology and both are endangered.
- Published
- 2010
31. Nest Box Temperature and Hatching Success of American Kestrels Varies with Nest Box Orientation
- Author
-
Buddy A. Whitman, Michael W. Butler, and Alfred M. Dufty
- Subjects
Fishery ,Ecology ,Nest ,Hatching ,Microclimate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Kestrel ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We studied orientation-dependent differences in nest box microclimate and American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) reproductive parameters in Idaho, USA. Unoccupied nest boxes facing west were ,0.6u C cooler than boxes that faced south or east and had ,20% lower relative humidity levels than boxes facing all other cardinal directions. Clutches in occupied boxes that faced southwest had a proportionately lower chance of hatching success (12 of 21 nests were successful), defined as having at least one egg hatch, than boxes that faced northwest (9 of 9 nests) or southeast (9 of 12 nests). The possible link between orientation-dependent differences in microclimate and hatching success, and the question of whether American Kestrels may select for orientation adaptively requires further investigation. Received 25 September 2008. Accepted 3 June 2009.
- Published
- 2009
32. Egg Laying, Egg Temperature, Attentiveness, and Incubation in the Western Bluebird
- Author
-
Jennifer Wang and Wesley W. Weathers
- Subjects
Animal science ,Ecology ,biology ,Nest ,Gradual onset ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bluebird ,biology.organism_classification ,Egg laying ,Incubation ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We present the first detailed information on egg laying, egg temperature (Tegg), and development of attentiveness and incubation in Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana). We used miniature infrared CCD video cameras to record egg laying at three nest boxes and validate attentiveness measurements derived from Tegg in seven other nests. Females entered the nest box on egg-laying days between 0522 and 1037 hrs PST and laid an egg on average 11.4 6 4.3 min later (n 5 11). Warm weather early in egg laying often elevated Tegg above physiological zero (27u C), despite low parental attendance. Females often began roosting in the nest box 2-3 nights before clutch completion, and most birds began steady night-time incubation with the penultimate egg. Attentiveness, mean Tegg, and number of minutes Tegg exceeded 27u C reached their highest values 1 day or night after clutch completion. Western Bluebirds exhibit gradual onset to incubation that is attributable to vagaries of weather and varying patterns of parental attentiveness. Received 8 September 2008. Accepted 10 February 2009.
- Published
- 2009
33. Nesting ecology of Common Goldeneyes and Hooded Mergansers in a boreal river system
- Author
-
Hélène Sénéchal, Gilles Gauthier, and Jean-Pierre L. Savard
- Subjects
Goldeneye ,Ecology ,Habitat ,Nest ,Boreal ,Taiga ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,Occupancy rate ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Common Goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula) and Hooded Mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) are common cavity-nesting ducks but the importance of fast-flowing rivers as suitable nesting habitat may have been overlooked. We monitored the use of >90 nest boxes installed along a boreal forest river over a 5-year period. A high nest box occupancy rate was reached in the second year (40%) and was maintained thereafter (48 to 55%). On average, 35 nest boxes were occupied by goldeneyes and 11 by mergansers each year. Laying date was similar between the two species but merganser nests hatched slightly later. Both species had similar clutch sizes but merganser nests contained more eggs than goldeneye nests when heterospecific parasitic eggs were included. On average, 16% of goldeneye nests were parasitized by mergansers, and 49% of merganser nests were parasitized by goldeneyes. Density of suitable natural cavities in the area was relatively low suggesting the high occupancy rate of nest boxes may be a response ...
- Published
- 2008
34. Nest defense by Carolina Wrens
- Author
-
Diane L. H. Neudorf and Kelly A. D'Orazio
- Subjects
Cowbird ,Brood parasite ,Ecology ,biology ,Alarm signal ,biology.organism_classification ,Carolina wren ,Cyanocitta ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Catharus ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We examined nest defense behavior of the Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in response to avian intruders at the nest. Freeze-dried mounts of a brood parasite (female Brown-headed Cowbird [Molothrus ater]), nest predator (Blue Jay [Cyanocitta cristata]), and a control (Swainson's Thrush [Catharus ustulatus]) were presented at wren nests to examine if wrens were able to distinguish among these threats. The primary nest defense behavior of Carolina Wrens was alarm calls. Wrens spent more time alarm calling to the Blue Jay model than the control and Brown-headed Cowbird models suggesting cowbirds were not recognized as threats to the nest. Wrens were less likely to respond during laying stage trials, probably due to a lack of nest visitations at this time. Intensity of alarm calls did not increase from the laying to nestling stage for any of the models presented. Carolina Wrens are both socially and genetically monogamous, and males should invest heavily in care of young due to their high con...
- Published
- 2008
35. Adoption: Adaptation or Reproductive Error in Eastern Bluebirds?
- Author
-
C. Ray Chandler and Daniel P. Wetzel
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Provisioning ,biology.organism_classification ,Sialia sialis ,Nest ,Seasonal breeder ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Adaptation ,Bluebird ,Nest box ,Paternal care ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Demography - Abstract
We describe an adoption event by a female Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) and suggest a mechanism by which adoption could be adaptive. The foster female adopted three young and we were able to quantify two measures of parental care (nestling provisioning and nest defense). The foster female successfully reproduced with the father of the young in the same location later in the breeding season. The adopting female may be increasing her fitness by gaining future reproduction with a fertile mate at a productive nest box through parental care for young that are not related.
- Published
- 2008
36. NESTING BIOLOGY OF THE BANDED GROUND-CUCKOO (NEOMORPHUS RADIOLOSUS)
- Author
-
Jorge Olivo, Andrew Cook, Domingo Cabrera, Luis R. Carrasco, and Jordan Karubian
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Fledge ,Endangered species ,Understory ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Neomorphus radiolosus ,Cuckoo ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Banded Ground-cuckoo (Neomorphus radiolosus) is a rare and endangered bird species whose basic biology is poorly known. We provide the first information on nesting biology for the species. We documented two nesting attempts in the Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, northwest Ecuador. Both the first nest, active in March and April 2005, and the second nest, active in May 2005, were in primary rain forest. Both nests were ∼5 m above ground in small understory trees (Melastomataceae). A pair of adult Banded Ground-cuckoos attended the first nest and contributed equally to incubation, brooding, and provisioning of a single nestling. The nestling spent 20 days in the nest from hatching to fledging and was fed a wide range of both invertebrates (primarily grasshoppers) and vertebrates (mainly small frogs). The chick fledged successfully. The second nest, also attended by a pair of adults, failed during incubation. We relate our findings to what is known of other ground-cuckoo sp...
- Published
- 2007
37. FEMALE TREE SWALLOW HOME-RANGE MOVEMENTS DURING THEIR FERTILE PERIOD AS REVEALED BY RADIO-TRACKING
- Author
-
Mary K. Stapleton and Raleigh J. Robertson
- Subjects
Fertile Period ,Ecology ,biology ,Home range ,Dusk ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Tree (data structure) ,Nest ,Tachycineta bicolor ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Mating ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) show one of the highest levels of extra-pair mating among bird species, yet extra-pair copulations are rarely observed. Despite the suggestion that extra-pair copulations could be taking place away from nest sites, very little is known about movement patterns of individual Tree Swallows during the pre-laying and laying periods. We used radio telemetry to track movement patterns of four female Tree Swallows at dawn and dusk during the pre-laying and laying periods. Our tracking results indicate that individual females differed in their movement patterns: some remained close to their nest site on multiple nights while others were rarely detected near their nest box at night. Despite differences in movement patterns, all four females that we tracked produced extra-pair offspring for which we were unable to identify extra-pair sires, even after sampling the majority of males breeding within our nest-box grids. Despite the small sample size, our results confirmed ex...
- Published
- 2006
38. NESTING SUCCESS OF WESTERN BLUEBIRDS (SIALIA MEXICANA) USING NEST BOXES IN VINEYARD AND OAK-SAVANNAH HABITATS OF CALIFORNIA
- Author
-
Craig M. Fiehler, William D. Tietje, and William R. Fields
- Subjects
Avian clutch size ,Ecology ,Java ,Occupancy ,Biology ,Vineyard ,Life History Characteristics ,Habitat ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,computer ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Loss of oak woodlands to vineyard development in California is a growing concern to conservationists. Analyzing breeding performance of birds that nest in and around vineyards versus those that nest in nearby native habitat can provide information on the suitability of vineyard environments to birds. We placed predator-protected nest boxes in vineyard and oak-savannah habitats and monitored nest-box occupancy, nesting success, and life history characteristics of Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) that used the boxes. Western Bluebirds were common occupants in both habitats, occupying >50% of available nest boxes. Analysis using program MARK revealed that nest survival was not associated with habitat type; however, clutch size was greater and nests were initiated earlier in vineyard than in oak-savannah habitat. Our results suggest that when naturally occurring nest sites are limiting, vineyards could be converted to good breeding habitat for Western Bluebirds with the addition of nest boxes. Nes...
- Published
- 2006
39. BEHAVIORAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIRE ANTS AND VERTEBRATE NEST PREDATORS AT TWO BLACK-CAPPED VIREO NESTS
- Author
-
Steven J. Taylor, Jennifer E. Smith, Mike M. Stake, Christopher J. Whelan, and Michael L. Denight
- Subjects
Rat snake ,Vireo ,biology ,Nest ,Ecology ,biology.animal ,Swarming (honey bee) ,Vertebrate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Elaphe ,Nest box ,Predation - Abstract
We report on behavioral interactions between fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) and vertebrate predators at two Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla) nests at Fort Hood, Texas. In the presence of fire ants, an eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) failed to depredate a clutch of vireo eggs at one nest, while a rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) depredated nestlings at another nest, despite fire ants swarming the nest. Neither nest was successful. Direct and indirect effects of interactions among nest predators on avian nesting success need further assessment.
- Published
- 2004
40. Intraspecific Brood Parasitism in the Northern Flicker
- Author
-
Danny J. Ingold and Allen R. Bower
- Subjects
Brood parasite ,biology ,Ecology ,Host (biology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Colaptes ,biology.organism_classification ,Competition (biology) ,Intraspecific competition ,Sturnus ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nest box ,media_common - Abstract
Although intraspecific brood parasitism is common in many bird species, including several secondary cavity-nesting birds, it does not appear to have been reported in woodpeckers. We report a case of intraspecific brood parasitism in the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) in which six to eight eggs were dumped into the host nest box during a 2- to 3-week period. We estimate that the host female laid a clutch of 8 to 10 eggs, and at the end of the nestling period we confirmed that 16 flicker eggs had been laid in the nest box. This instance of egg-dumping by a floater female or another resident female in the same territory or on an adjacent territory, could have been facilitated by a lack of suitable nest sites in the area coupled with intense nest-site competition from European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).
- Published
- 2004
41. ARE RESULTS OF ARTIFICIAL NEST EXPERIMENTS A VALID INDICATOR OF SUCCESS OF NATURAL NESTS?
- Author
-
Eduardo T. Mezquida and Luis Marone
- Subjects
Nest ,Ecology ,Spatial ecology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,Nest box ,Natural (archaeology) ,Predation - Abstract
Studies using artificial nests to assess rates or patterns of nest predation have increased during recent decades. However, the critical assumption that temporal or spatial patterns of relative predation rates of artificial nests parallel those of natural nests has begun to be questioned. We compared the daily survival rate for 365 artificial nests with that estimated for 295 open nests of passerines, and analyzed the trends in survival rates for both nest types among three breeding seasons and three species of nest plants in the central Monte Desert, Argentina. Daily survival rate for artificial nests (0.737) was significantly lower than that for natural nests (0.925). Trends in survival rates of artificial nests over years and among species of nest plants only partially reflected those of natural nests. Our results support the well established finding that artificial nests may not accurately estimate actual rates of nest predation. Artificial nests may provide an additional source of data to natural nests when testing ecological hypotheses, but artificial nest experiments should be carefully designed (i.e., realistic) and should attempt to identify predators of artificial and natural nests to validate the experimental results.
- Published
- 2003
42. SEASONAL VARIATION IN SEX RATIO OF FLEDGLING AMERICAN KESTRELS: A LONG TERM STUDY
- Author
-
Frances Hamerstrom, Giacomo Tavecchia, Matteo Griggio, and Roberta N. Rosenfield
- Subjects
Falco ,Seasonal variation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Falconidae ,Juvenile ,Biology ,Competition (biology) ,Nest ,Seasonal breeder ,medicine ,Nest box ,media_common ,Falco sparverius ,Ecology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Raptores ,Raptor ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Aves ,Sex ratio ,Demography - Abstract
The Early Bird Hypothesis predicts that males fledged early in the breeding season have an advantage over their later-fledged counterparts during competition for breeding sites. We tested this hypothesis by examining the sex ratio of 1,025 fledglings from 265 broods of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) breeding in nest boxes in Wisconsin during the period 1968-1997. We found a seasonal shift in the sex ratio: the sex ratio of fledglings was biased toward males early in the breeding season, but became increasingly biased toward females as the season progressed. Our results provide support for the Early Bird Hypothesis and suggest that the steepness of this trend may decrease with increasing latitude.
- Published
- 2002
43. NEST PREDATION IN FRAGMENTED FORESTS: LANDSCAPE MATRIX BY DISTANCE FROM EDGE INTERACTIONS
- Author
-
Amber J. Keyser
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Habitat ,Nest ,Ecology ,Deforestation ,Population ,Forest management ,Fragmentation (computing) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,education ,Nest box ,Predation - Abstract
Forest fragmentation due to forestry management, agricultural activities, or urban development decreases habitat availability for some animals. This decline in forest area has been implicated in songbird population declines via changes in nest predation pressures. The increase of edge habitat that accompanies deforestation also may affect songbird breeding activities through changes in predation risk. This study found evidence for an interaction effect of distance from edge (1, 15, 30, and 45 m) and adjacent landscape matrix (residential or forested) on nest predation rates using an artificial nest design. In fragments bordered by other forested patches, nest predation rates were lowest 1 m from the edge and higher 15–45 m into the forest patch. When the forest fragment was embedded in a landscape matrix of residential and developed plots, predation rate was highest closest to the edge of the fragment.
- Published
- 2002
44. NESTING SUCCESS OF THE GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER IN NEST BOXES AND IN TREE CAVITIES: ARE NEST BOXES SAFER FROM NEST PREDATION?
- Author
-
Karl E. Miller
- Subjects
Nest ,biology ,Ecology ,Myiarchus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Woodpecker ,Flying squirrel ,biology.organism_classification ,Elaphe ,Nest box ,Glaucomys volans ,Predation - Abstract
Although it is commonly believed that nest boxes yield artificially high estimates of nest success, few investigators have compared nesting success in nest boxes to tree cavities in the same locality during the same time period. I studied nesting success of Great Crested Flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus) breeding in nest boxes and natural sites (i.e., old woodpecker cavities and natural tree hollows) on the same pine plantations in northern Florida. Mayfield estimates of nesting success were nearly identical between nest boxes (0.37 ± 0.05 SE, n = 32 nests) and tree cavities (0.38 ± 0.06 SE, n = 27 nests) during a 2-year period. However, nesting success was greater in nest boxes (0.53 ± 0.06 SE) than in cavities (0.33 ± 0.10 SE) during 1997 and lower in nest boxes (0.26 ± 0.07 SE) than in cavities (0.42 ± 0.09 SE) during 1998. Lower nest success in nest boxes during 1998 was due to increased predation during the incubation period. Nest predation accounted for ≥83% of all nest failures. Documented nest predators included the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) and corn snake (Elaphe guttata). Nest boxes and cavity nests did not differ significantly in any habitat variable that would influence nest concealment, nor did these variables differ significantly between years. Evidence suggests that nest predators may learn to exploit nest boxes as a prey resource, either through the development of search images or through long term spatial memory. This study demonstrates that nest boxes are not always safer sites than tree cavities and that static comparisons may give misleading results.
- Published
- 2002
45. Cavity-nesting by the Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia)
- Author
-
K. Richard Stauffer and L. Scott Johnson
- Subjects
Ecology ,Hudsonia ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Wood ducks ,Black-billed magpie ,Nest ,Aix sponsa ,Nesting (computing) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Pica (typography) ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We describe the first known instance of Black-billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia) nesting in a fully enclosed, pre-formed cavity. Magpies built an undomed nest of sticks in a nest box designed for Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) near Olds, Alberta, Canada, in 2008. All nesting material was removed from the box after an apparently successful nesting attempt. Magpies built a new nest in the box and fledged at least four young in 2009. These observations indicate that cavity nesting is a distinct, novel behavioral trait that can arise in this species. We describe several potential costs of cavity nesting in this species, which may explain in part why this trait has not become established in any of the many studied magpie populations around the world.
- Published
- 2011
46. Behavioral Domination of Food Delivery by Tree Swallow Nestlings
- Author
-
Sievert Rohwer and Tore Slagsvold
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,animal structures ,biology ,Ecology ,Population ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Brood ,Altricial ,Siblicide ,Nest ,embryonic structures ,Tachycineta bicolor ,Animal Science and Zoology ,education ,Scramble competition ,Nest box - Abstract
In altricial birds, scramble competition for favorable feeding positions in the nest may cause younger chicks to starve. We studied nestling survival in a population of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in nestboxes near Seattle, Washington, in a year of bad weather. Only a mean of 0.5 chicks fledged per nest (range 0–2, 22 nests). Nestling mortality appeared to be caused by starvation. Video filming showed that when chicks were old enough (largest chick within the brood had reached a wing length of about 55–60 mm), they spent much time in the nestbox opening, calling loudly. This behavior seemed to be driven by hunger because it occurred mainly in broods where chicks had low body masses. Parents fed the chick in the opening and did not try to push it back into the nest cavity or go around it. We suspect that blocking of the nestbox opening accelerated mortality of other young in the nest. Such behavior by dominant chicks may be more readily achieved in hole nesting birds with narrow e...
- Published
- 2000
47. Eastern Screech-owl Hatches Wood Duck Eggs
- Author
-
Christian Artuso
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Hatching ,Aix sponsa ,Eastern screech-owl ,Zoology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
I describe an Eastern Screech-owl (Megascops asio) hatching three Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) eggs in a suburban nest box. Wood Duck(s) removed all five eggs of a completed screech-owl clutch, the earliest of which had already been incubated for at least 19 days, and laid three eggs in their place. The female screech-owl hatched the Wood Duck eggs, preened the ducklings, and attempted to feed them until they exited the nest box within 48 hrs of hatching.
- Published
- 2007
48. Nest Success and Nest Predation of the Endangered Rota White-eye (Zosterops rotensis)
- Author
-
Lainie Berry and Estanislao Taisacan
- Subjects
Avian clutch size ,Ecology ,biology ,Zosterops rotensis ,Endangered species ,biology.organism_classification ,Predation ,Nest ,Mariana crow ,Animal Science and Zoology ,White-eye ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Rota White-eye (Zosterops rotensis) is an endangered species endemic to the island of Rota in western Micronesia. We monitored eight nests from 2003 to 2005, four of which produced at least one fledgling. Clutch size was two in each of five nests that were counted; the average number of fledglings from successful nests was 1.5 (n = 4). We filmed six nests and captured two nest predation events on video. A Mariana Crow (Corvus kubaryi), which is also an endangered species, was filmed taking nestlings from one white-eye nest. Another nest containing eggs was depredated by a rat (Rattus spp.); however, this may have occurred after the nest was abandoned due to the presence of the camera.
- Published
- 2008
49. First Observation of Cavity Nesting by a Female Blue Grosbeak
- Author
-
Thomas S. Risch and Thomas J. Robinson
- Subjects
Ecology ,biology ,Nest ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Passerina ,Bluebird ,biology.organism_classification ,Nest box ,Caerulea ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Sialia sialis ,Grosbeak - Abstract
On 21 May 2003, we discovered a completed Blue Grosbeak (Passerina caerulea) nest in an Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) nest box. On 28 May, the nest contained four whitish-tan eggs with light-brown, streaky and spotty markings, an unusual color pattern for Blue Grosbeak eggs. Species' identification was confirmed by capturing the breeding female in the nest box, and confirmed again later with identification of the chicks as Blue Grosbeaks. To our knowledge, this is the first published account of cavity nesting, artificial or otherwise, for this species.
- Published
- 2006
50. Instances of alloparental care in Great Tits (Parus major)
- Author
-
Jiang, Yiting, Ma, Ruiyao, He, Yaqi, and Wan, Dongmei
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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