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An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including Randall's Plaques, renal punctures and shock-wave lithotripsy.

Background: Preterm infant survival rates have been dramatically increasing for the past two decades due to specialized care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). However, the length of stay in the NICU for premature infants has extended to include treatment for medical complications associated with premature birth. The literature suggests that the mechanical environment of the NICU can be overwhelming for both the mother's and the infant's development (1). Hence, it might negatively influence caregiving and parent-infant interaction during the NICU stay. Parents' participation in the NICU is crucial during this critical period as it directly contributes to the infant's development. Occupational therapists working in the NICU usually support parents and infants to promote parent-child interaction, parental participation, and early intervention care in the NICU (2). However, very little is known about strategies to facilitate parent-infant interaction in the NICU. Aim: To map the existing literature pertaining to parent-infant interaction in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: In this scoping review, we are using Arksey and O'Malley's framework to carry out the study, along with Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines (3) for refinement. The recent Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis -- Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were used to guide the reporting. CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched from December 2012 to December 2022 to retrieve relevant articles based on the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) format, and the search strategies were based on the identified key terms. All relevant items were identified and uploaded to the Mendeley Software for duplicate removal. Then, all the items were exported to Rayyan Software for title and abstract screening. The articles included in the study were downloaded in full text, and data extraction was performed based on predefined data charting to analyze the data. Result: A descriptive analysis was conducted to summarize the studies. A total of 44 articles were included in this study. The study identified a total of nine strategies in NICUs to facilitate parent-infant interaction. These strategies include delivery room cuddles and early contact (n=3), skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo mother care) (n=15), non-skin-to-skin (blanket holding) (n=1), multi-sensory stimulation (n=4), communication and self-regulation (n=5), parental massage (n=4), music therapy (n=8), caregiving daily routine and active involvement (n=5), and environmental factors (n=2). Conclusion: The inclusion of various strategies to promote parent-infant interaction in NICU care would enhance the overall health and well-being of infants and parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide as we enter the new millennium. The World Health Organization has commented, there is "an apparent epidemic of diabetes which is strongly related to lifestyle and economic change". The prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. Over the course of living with diabetes, more than 70% of patients will suffer a heart attack or stroke, 5% experience blindness in one or both eyes, 10% experience amputation of a toe or worse, and 5% must cope with end-stage renal disease. Diabetes is a chronic progressive condition presenting physical, social, and psychological challenges that increase the risk of comorbid mental health problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in treating a variety of psychological disorders and may potentially improve glycemic control and psychological outcomes in diabetes The other major complications of diabetes are increasing risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and poor quality of life. The combination of CBT and supportive diabetes education is an effective nonpharmacologic treatment for major depression in patients with diabetes 2 diabetes. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy intervention in the reduction of depression among diabetic adults. Study Design: Quasi-experimental design was used for the research. Methods: A total of 60 diabetic type 2 patients (both male and females, aged 40--60 years) were identified in Dr. Jeyasekharan Multispecialty Hospital, Department of Occupational Therapy, outpatient services, using purposive convenience sampling research design and allocated 30 patients into an experimental group (intervention), 30 patients into control group (no intervention). The pre/postevaluation of depression, anxiety, and stress levels of both groups was done through DASS21, the experimental group was received CBT and supportive diabetes education for 3 months of the intervention period. Patients in the control group did not receive any occupational therapy intervention and the postevaluation was done. Results: Patients analyzed in the experimental group were n = 30 and the control group were n = 30. Preevaluation shows there is no significant differences were found in the unpaired t-test mean score ± 4SD for the experimental vs. control group as 32 ± 1.396 vs. 36 ± 1.389 (P = 4.27), 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.604--33.396), however, the postevaluation of the experimental group showed significant differences after CBT. The differences in the two groups were significant in unpaired "t" test mean score ± 3SD for the experimental group versus control as 15 ± 1.159 vs. 37 ± 1.159 (P < 0.05), 95% CI: 13.841--16.159). The result shows that there were significant differences among both groups and reductions of depression among the experimental groups revealed. No adverse reactions to therapy were observed. Conclusion: CBT is beneficial in reducing depression in adults with diabetes. It may have enhanced for improving glycemic control and other aspects of psychological well-being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most of elderly adults are suffering from depression and can cause difficulty in their self-care, increased fatigue, loss of appetite, and lack of interest in daily roles and routines leading to decreased occupational performance. Many researches focus on exercise or aerobics through physical activities. Although exercise is associated with depression relief, the effects of mental aerobic training (MA) interventions on elderly depressed patients have not been clearly supported. This study will help in knowing the effect of MA s training on improving occupational performance in older adults with depression. Hence, this study has been initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of MA training as an intervention strategy to improve occupational performance in older adults with depression. Objectives: (1) To assess the level of depression among older adults, (2) To assess the occupational performance of older adults with depression, and (3) To compare the effect of MA training on depression and occupational performance. Study Design: The present study was done using quasi-experimental study. Methods: Screening tools: 1. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) 2. Model of human occupation Occupational Self-Assessment Scale. Subjects: Total number of 30 subjects were selected in the age group above 60 years and below 74 years. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling. Patients with depression scale between 8--18 using HAM-D (mild-to-moderate depression) Procedure: Control group was given recreational activities and MA training was scheduled and administered to the experimental group. The groups were given MA training weekly 3 sessions for 4 weeks. Each session lasted for 45 min to 1 h. Results: The results were obtained after the data were subjected to statistical analysis using parametric t-test (paired and unpaired t-test). Posttest showed a significant difference compared to the pretest values. Unpaired test was used to analyze the pretest scores of experimental and control groups. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (t = 3.5859, P < 0.05) between the posttest scores of the control and experimental groups. Paired t-test was used to analyze the pretest and posttest scores for the control and experimental group. The results revealed that there was a statistically significance difference in occupational performance (Competence) t = 8.0233, P < 0.05 and occupational performance (Value) 't'=11.188291, P < 0.05 between the pretest and posttest scores of experimental groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that MA training was effective in improving the occupational performance of older adults with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premature birth is an unanticipated event, and it causes concerns for parents about their infant's medical complications and cares in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Usually, during the NICU stay and even at home, mothers are the primary caregivers. Mothers need to adapt to their new maternal roles and continuously adapt to the different challenges that this role brings to them both in the stressful NICU environment and even after transitioning to their homes. Studies have shown that mothers get overwhelmed and sometimes anxious (Veronez et al., 2017) during this admission to the NICU due to the demands of taking care of a medically unstable infant. In addition, once the infant is stable enough, they need to be ready to take their infant home and care for them there, without the support of the medical personnel. While all of these lead to mothers becoming stressed (Gibbs, Boshoff, and Stanley, 2015), it remains unclear how the mothers deal with caring for their NICU infants both in the hospital and at home. Objective: The objective of this study was to understand primigravida mothers' experiences of caring for their preterm infant in the NICU and at home. Study Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used to conduct the study. Methods: Six preterm mothers were interviewed through offline and online modes using a semi-structured interview guide developed based on a review of the relevant literature. The interviews were audiorecorded and then transcribed verbatim. Following this, an iterative thematic analysis process was used for data analysis. Results: The findings from this study are divided into two themes: concerns and challenges regarding caring for their infant, and their coping strategies and felt needs. The participants reported concerns regarding the infant's condition and environmental factors in NICU and worry about taking care of the infant in NICU and at home. They reported being under confident in caring for the child and the difficulties in balancing their routine and infant care while the child is in NICU and at home. To manage their responsibilities, the mothers took help from the family and other technological support available. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a need for programs or interventions designed to address these concerns of a primimother to a preterm infant admitted in NICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyscalculia is a specific, persistent difficulty in understanding arithmetic's which can lead to an adverse range of difficulties with mathematics and may have an impact on the quality of life. According to Mogasale et al.,[2] the prevalence of specific learning disabilities among primary school children in a South Indian city was 15.17% in sampled children, whereas 10.5% had dyscalculia. Occupational therapy intervention for dyscalculia lies in early identification, especially in educational areas, and treatment using the best available methods such as sensory integration therapy. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the effectiveness of multisensory occupational therapy intervention as applicable to primary school children who are in risk of dyscalculia. Study Design: This was a one-arm pretest--posttest design. Methods: On the basis of selection criteria, 26 samples (11 girls and 15 boys) were selected using Numeracy Screener by administering it to small groups of children, each consists of 5 members total 12 groups (also used as pretherapy assessment), aged between 5 and 10 years. Multisensory approaches were used in the intervention program for the time duration of 40 min for 3 months (24 sessions, 2/week). The outcome measures were once again measured after the intervention program. Results: Children included in this study were N = 26. In the case of pre and posttest, posttest (21.54 ± 4.47) scored higher mean value than the pretest (15.40 ± 4.16). The calculated "t" value is 17.511 and the probability value is 0.001 at 0.01 level of significance. Hence, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant level of difference between the pre and posttest mean scores of Numeracy Screener on primary school children. No adverse reaction was observed due to the therapy. Conclusion: The study concludes that children who taught mathematical concepts using multisensory approaches shown higher levels of arithmetic achievements, which proves that framed occupational therapy intervention for dyscalculia is effective among primary school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: "Cultural competence" in health-care entails: understanding the importance of social and cultural influences on patients' health beliefs and behavior; considering how these factors interact at multiple levels of the health-care delivery system (e.g., at the level of structural processes of care or clinical decision-making); and, finally, devising interventions that take these issues into account to assure quality health-care delivery to diverse patient populations. India being a secular country with immense diversity and culture, so it becomes really important for the therapist to have a deep understanding of the client's culture and influences, to device appropriate treatment programs, this is where knowledge of contextual competence of occupational therapy practice is importance. To provide quality interventions to patients across the Indian subcontinent, it becomes essential to understand what impact the Indian culture and context has on occupational therapy practice and furthermore improving the quality of services provided. Objective: The aim of this study is to understand the influence of Indian culture on the occupational therapy practice in India. Study Design: This was a descriptive study design. Methods: This study which involved gathering information about the participant's experiences. A qualitative study using phenomenological approach was conducted. Seventeen occupational therapists (n = 17) practicing in India having equal to or more than 5 years of experience were the participants of this study. Nonprobability convenient sampling method was used. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct in-depth interviews to explore the occupational therapist's responses. Results: After analysis 6 themes emerged, which denoted various cultural and contextual influences on the practice, along with challenges that the therapists have to face and the therapist's ways of coping with them. These themes highlighted the need of a culturally specific model and ways of developing it. Patient's attitude toward occupational therapy was also highlighted. Conclusion: This study concluded that culture does have an influence on the practice, and modifications and adaptations are needed to be done to the existing occupational therapy practice and literature to make occupational therapy culturally competent. FUNDING: no funding was acquired from any sources for the purpose of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive impairment increases the difficulty of rehabilitation. Therapeutic approach involving cognitive rehabilitation using an integrated treatment method is essential. Clinical use of Computer Assisted Cognitive rehabilitation (CACR) has increased in the treatment of neurological patients since its level of difficulty can be adjusted to suit an individual's cognitive level, which reduces treatment time and costs. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of mobile-based programs in improving cognitive skills among patients with stroke. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study design. Methods: Twenty people diagnosed with stroke (Stage III or IV from Brunnstrom stages) were selected based on a convenient sampling method and were separated into two groups. The experimental group (n = 10) received the mobile-based programs for 36 sessions with 45 min each, whereas the control group received conventional therapy for the same time period. MMSE (mini--mental status examination) and Lawton IADL were used as outcome measures. Results: The study resulted that the CACR was effective among people with stroke and thus it has shown considerable changes in cognitive and self-care skills. Furthermore, it resulted that the CACR had a significant impact on cognition and self-care skills when compared to conventional therapy (P < 0.005). Conclusion: This study concluded that CACR had an impact on cognitive abilities and self-care skills. Hence, CACR can be used as a new therapy modality in treating people with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a clinical disorder characterized by frequent pauses in breathing during sleep often accompanied by loud snoring. Sleep insufficiency is a public health problem. OSAS leads to significant impairment of patients' quality of life and cognitive functioning and early intervention is the key to better prognosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore if occupational therapy intervention protocol along with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) improves cognitive function and quality of life in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) patients as compared to CPAP or occupational therapy alone. Study Design: This was a prospective analytical study. Methods: A total of 57 patients with OSAS were enrolled using convenient sampling and were categorized into three groups. Group A had patients using CPAP alone, group B with patients on occupational therapy intervention alone, and group C with patients on occupational therapy intervention along with CPAP. The patients were assessed for the status of cognitive function and quality of life using Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Calgary sleep apnea quality of life index, respectively, at three levels-baseline, at the end of 1st month, and at the end of 2nd month of intervention. Results: There is no significant correlation of different treatment groups on daily functioning (Chi-squared = 0.766, P = 0.6817), social interactions (Chi-squared = 1.630, P = 0.4426), emotional functioning (Chi-squared = 0.188, P = 0.9103), and symptoms (Chi-squared = 0.554, P = 0.7581) for correlation of components of SAQLI and effect of treatment. Furthermore, there is no significant improvement of scores in visuospatial (Chi-squared = 1.459, P = 0.4823), naming (Chi-squared = 0.947, P = 0.6229), attention (Chi-squared = 1.109, P = 0.5744), learning (Chi-squared = 1.379, P = 0.5018), and abstraction (Chi-squared = 1.379, P = 0.5018). There is a significant improvement in delayed recall (Chi-squared = 6.108, P = 0.0472) and orientation (Chi-squared = 6.28, P = 0.0442). Conclusion: Although each of the treatment groups shows a significant impact on the individual components of SAQLI when seen as a whole, there is no statistical significance on the improvement of total scores. All three treatment groups are equally effective in the treatment of OSAS patients in both domains of cognitive performance and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to see the functional implication of excessive use of smartphones on postural behavior and see the effectiveness of a specially designed intervention (SDI) strategy for modulating postural behavior in patients with cervical spondylosis. Study Design: This was an experimental study. Methods: Experimental control design in which 32 subjects with cervical spondylosis were included in the study. The screening was done for smartphones using smartphone usage survey. The patients using the smartphone for more than 2 h per day were included. The baseline evaluation was done for the cervical spine range of motion and functional status using the Neck Disability Index. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. With group A, SDI strategy, and group B, the conventional treatment strategy was used for 8 weeks. Results: Between groups, the comparison was done. The mean scores were calculated (mean + standard deviation) for both group A and group B, and the P value was found to be significant (P < 0.05) for group A, for Neck Disability Index ([15.8 + 6.4] and [33.1 + 11.0], P <.001); lateral bending deviation ([3.2 + 2.4] and [5.4 + 1.9], P < 0.008); and lateral rotation deviation ([2.5 + 2.4] and [5.1 + 1.7], P < 0.002) at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The SDI treatment strategy is more effective than conventional strategies for improving pain and functional status and modulating postural behavior in patients with cervical spondylosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the research papers considered for the Colonel 2012 Kirpal Singh Award for best paper in military psychiatry or industrial psychiatry.

The article provides information on the papers to be considered for the 2012 Young Psychiatrist Award. It studies the occurrence of mental illness among homeless person admitted in the psychiatry department of a medical university. The paper researches marked differences in the clinical profiles between early and late onset of panic disorder.

The article provides information on the papers to be considered for the 2012 Marfatia Award. It researches the sleep pattern in depression and polysomnographic parameters and their computed tomography brain morphology correlates in depression. It analyzes the personality factors that contribute to suicide.

The author reflects on psychiatry's strong biological foundation in the neurosciences in India as of 2017. Topics discussed include the emergence of solid evidence on the similarities between mental and general medical illnesses, and the influence of socio-cultural factors in health-seeking behavior. Also noted is the availability of abstracts in subjects like Opioid Substitution Therapy and Geriatric Pcychiatry in the supplement of the Indian Psychiatric Society Conference in 2017.

Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is the most common overuse injury, involving the wrist, and often occurs in individuals who regularly use a forceful grasp coupled with ulnar deviation of the wrist. There is no consensus in the treatment of De Quervain's tenosynovitis; both surgical and conservative medical management has adverse effects. Myofascial release (MFR) and myofascial taping (MFT) are newer techniques which have been proven effective for other inflammatory and noninflammatory musculoskeletal conditions. Hence, the study was planned to determine and compare the effectiveness of both the above-mentioned adjunct method along with conventional occupational therapy in the treatment of De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Objective: To compare and study the effectiveness of MFT and MFR as an adjunct to conventional occupational therapy treatment on patients with De Quervain's tenosynovitis. Study Design: A prospective, comparative randomized control trial was conducted for 18 months in the Department of Occupational Therapy (OT) of the O.T. Training School and Centre, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital. Methods: Thirty-one patients (both males and females aged 20-50 years) diagnosed as De Quervain's tenosynovitis, referred to the OT outpatient department, were randomized into two groups after screening by simple random sampling using a computerized generated table. Patients in Group A (N = 16, 11 females and 5 males) received MFT along with conventional treatment, and patients in Group B (N = 15, 9 females and 6 males) received MFR along with conventional treatment; they followed up for the treatment for 5 weeks, 2 times a week with each session lasting for 30-40 min. Pain level and functional improvement were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) score and patient-specific functional scale (PSFS) score, respectively, at the end of the 3rd and 5th week of the 5-week therapy program. Results: Both the groups showed significant improvement in pain scores on VAS at the 3rd and 5th week. There was no significant difference in the values between the two groups at the3rd week; however, at the end of the 5th week, Group A showed significant improvement in pain than Group B. Both the groups showed significant improvement in functional scores on PSFS at the 3rd and 5th week. Conclusion: Although both MFT and MFR showed improvement in function and decrease in pain, when compared we could conclude that MFT along with conventional OT yields better outcome measures in terms of decreasing pain and improving function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 71st Annual National Conference of Indian Psychiatric Society (ANCIPS-2019) to be held at Indira Gandhi Pratishthan, Lucknow in India from January 31 to February 3, 2019.

The authors reflect on topics related to dentistry and dental education. Topics include the Shubh Janmastami or the birth anniversary of Lord Sri Krishna, teaching methods in dental education, and Zonal Conferences conducted by the Indian Association of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (IACDE).

Information regarding the topics which were discussed during the ACSICON 2010 is presented. It states that the topic about nail surgery was discussed by Dr. Satish Savant while the exposition on liposuction and fat transfer to the face were presented by Dr. Gerhard Sattler of Germany. It mentions that Venkatram Mysore and Somesh Gupta were elected into executive positions during the meeting of Association of Cutaneous Surgeons of India (ACSI).

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience in attending various conferences in India.

Information about the first international conference on thesis writing and scientific publishing, which was held at Balaji Dental and Craniofacial Hospital in Chennai, India on February 6-7, 2008 is presented. The highlights of the conference was the series of lectures and hands on submissions of paper to "British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery." The conference was participated by various eminent members of Indian Society for Dental Research.

The author reflects on the culture of many conferences. He states that conferences are normally meant to share and exchange ideas and experiences. He notes that most participants do not take conferences seriously, particularly criticizing general dental conferences. He suggests that it is better to limit the number of conferences, limit the number of delegates to a manageable level, and encourage creative and meaningful interaction instead of trying to corner the presenter with questions, only to seek the attention of others.

The article discusses the highlights of the 35th annual meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (ISPN) held at the Saint Georges Hall in Liverpool, England from September 9 to 13, 2007. Doctor Rick Abbott from the U.S. replaced Doctor Carlo Mazza as president of the organization. It outlines several papers presented by a group of Indian physicians related to pediatric neuroscience. A 3-cycle ISPN course has been provided to Indian participants for 2009, along with Kolkata IndSPN meeting.

Background: In schools, bullying is a regular occurring behavior problem and the most common form of violence. As stated in studies, bullying peaks during middle school years and higher rates of being bullied are reported in children with special educational needs and disabilities. Social story, as a teaching intervention, helps in preparing the children to respond appropriately to a bullying situation and to develop adaptive coping responses. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the victims of bullying among childhood psychiatry conditions, to develop coping skills for them, and to determine the effectiveness of social stories. Study Design: A randomized controlled interventional study was chosen for the research. Methods: Children were screened using Illinois Bully Victim Scale, and 22 children, of both genders, aged 8-13 years diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, learning disability, and mild intellectual disability were randomly assigned to two study groups. Coping strategies were taught to the children in the experimental group with the help of social stories, for two target behaviors, and role play at end for 30 min, 3 days a week, for 13 sessions, whereas in the control group, children underwent conventional occupational therapy along with coping strategies and role play for 30 min for 13 sessions. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Coping with Bullying Scale for Children were administered before and after intervention. Results: Both experimental (w = 12) and control (h = 10) groups equally improved with their respective intervention. However, children achieved clinically significant scores in their mean values (68.42 ± 61.50, P < 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00-0.12) in the level of performance, suggesting that they used more of adaptive responses in coping with bullying situation. Typically, children in both the groups showed some amount of maladaptive strategies even after their respective interventions (8.03 ± 6.2, P = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.00-0.13), referring that social story was found to have an impact only on adaptive coping responses. This warrants the importance of addressing the awareness of adverse consequences of maladaptive coping through social stories. Conclusion: Social stories were effective in improving coping skills as well as in enabling the strategies application of learned coping skills (performance) during bullying situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer, also known as exocrine pancreatic carcinoma or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is one of the most challenging tumor entities worldwide, which is characterized as a highly aggressive disease with dismal overall prognosis. Treatment options for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In many cases, surgical resection is not possible due to the advanced stage at diagnosis and poor responses to current treatments, therefore, treatment alternatives have to be performed. However, brachytherapy through radioactive 125I seeds (RIS) implantation into pancreatic cancer has been first applied in unresectable carcinoma and made accuracy curative effects. Therapeutic procedures of RIS implantation for pancreatic carcinoma were not identical in domestic medical centers, making it hard to achieve homogeneity and affecting the efficacy seriously at last. To maximize the benefits of RIS for patients with pancreatic cancer, Chinese Medical Doctor Association of Radioactive Seed Implantation Technology Expert Committee and Committee of Minimally Invasive Therapy in Oncology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Radioactive Seed Therapy Branch organized and helped establish China expert consensus on RIS implantation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, to provide a reference for clinical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on panel discussion of Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (JOMFP) organized on 17th National Postgraduate (PG) Convention of the Association at Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, on July 8, 2018. Topics discussed include focuses awareness on the aspects of the research and publications for authors; views on the ethics of research; and benefits of registering the research/trial with the Clinical Trial Registry of India.

The article discusses the Second Hydrogen Molecule Biomedical Symposium, sponsored by China Association of Promoting International Communication of health care, held at Beijing, China on June 27, 2015.

The article presents several studies related to psychiatry. Topics include cross-sectional study to assess anxiety and depression in parents of children with intellectual disability; trichotillomania in guise of Rapunzel syndrome; and comparison of total self-stigma between schizophrenia and alcohol dependence patients.

History helps us to become better students, judge wisely, understand change, and most importantly, it tells us who we are. It helps us to understand what happened, why it happened and what its ramifications are. Winston Churchill once said: "Study history, study history. In history lie all the secrets of statecraft." Here, we take this opportunity to pay our gratitude to our esteemed teachers who worked relentlessly for uplifting of the department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh; and, narrate chronicles of all those people who made this department reach the heights where it stands today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elderly people are most commonly affected by cognitive decline, loneliness, and depression, which in turn affect their activities of daily living. Reminiscence therapy is one of the most effective interventions used among the geriatric population by occupational therapists, which can be used for reducing depression and improving their activities of daily living. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the impact of reminiscence therapy on reducing depression and improving self-care skills among the geriatric population. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study design. Methods: Thirty elderly people diagnosed as having depressive symptoms and poor self-care skills were selected based on a convenient sampling method and were separated into two groups. The experimental group (n = 15) received the reminiscence therapy intervention for 18 sessions for 45 min each, whereas the control group received conventional occupational therapy for the same time period. A pretest and posttest evaluation was administered with the Geriatric Depression Scale and Functional Independence Measure. Results: The study resulted that reminiscence therapy intervention had an impact on reducing depression and improving self-care skills among the geriatric population. Furthermore, it resulted that the reminiscence therapy had a significant impact on depression and self-care skills when compared to conventional occupational therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the reminiscence therapy intervention was effective among the geriatric population on reducing depression and improving self-care skills. Hence, reminiscence therapy can be used as an intervention in treating the geriatric population in mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies conducted in this area shows that parents of children with disabilities experience a higher level of stress compared to children with typical development (Sanders and Morgan, 1997). Objectives: The primary aim of the study is to determine the amount of stress among parents of children with different types of developmental disabilities and to assess the need of stress management among parents of children with special needs. Methods: Consent from parents was taken; Parental Stress Scale was administered on 140 parents in the language of their choice: English, Hindi, and Marathi. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional survey. Results: There was a statistically nonsignificant difference seen for the values between the groups (P > 0.05) of different developmental disabilities for total Parental Stress Scale also there was no significant correlation between the age of the parents and level of stress. We also found a statistically highly significant difference for the values between the groups (P < 0.01) for age of the child, with higher values in group children with disabilities. Conclusion: Parents with special needs children are at more risk of stress and it is very important to address the stress and timely refer it for stress management and in severe cases, it should be referred to the psychiatric clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prevocational training means assisting participants in the development of employment-related skills. These may include teaching how to use work-related equipment, how to observe work-related personal safety skills, and specialized work-related training and education. In the model of human occupation (MOHO), humans are conceptualized as being made up of three interrelated components: volition, habituation, and performance capacity are maintained and changed through what one does and what one thinks and feels about Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of MOHO in developing prevocational skills and improving the QOL among alcoholic addiction. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study design. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as alcoholic dependent were selected based on convenient sampling, experimental group (n = 15) received prevocational skills training for 36 sessions for 1 h 15 min each, whereas the control group received conventional occupational therapy for the same time period. MOHOST and WHOQOL-BRIEF were used as outcome measures. Results: The study resulted that MOHO had an effect on prevocational skills training among alcoholic addiction (P < 0.005) also resulted improvement in the quality of life of alcoholic addiction (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The study concluded that MOHO was effective in improving the prevocational skills and improving the quality of life among alcoholic addiction. Hence, MOHO can be used in other conditions to train the individual for prevocational training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health is an important part of children's overall health and well-being. It includes children's mental, emotional, and behavioral wellbeing. It affects how children choose and participate in occupations. Nearly, 50 million children in India are responding to mental illnesses with poor systems of care which hampers participation in preferred occupations such as play, school, and leisure. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the use of client entered approach and narrative frame of reference in working with children in the context of mental health. In this descriptive case study, the author shares work with an 8-yearold girl responding to The Worry Monster (anxiety) who would not let her go to school and not let her play with her friends. The study focuses on practices informed by a client-centered approach and narrative frame of reference. These outcomes were documented (a) to build child's agency in understanding the anxiety, (b) take actions toward participating in preferred occupations, (c) engage the community of support, and (d) become an advocate for other children. The discussion focuses on the need to develop pediatric mental health-care models which invite children's voices in intervention planning and nonpathologizing of young people's bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Body image perception is the way a person feels about his/her body and this can be negative or positive. Various factors influence body image features such as society and social media. As the individual stats to prioritize the concerned features, there is a imbalance in occupational performance. The study has important implications in occupational therapy practice as it helps to bridge the gap between how various disorders such as eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder starts to develop. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to understand how adolescents and young adults perceive their body image. Furthermore, to administer semi-structure questionnaire and to understand the areas of occupational performance, i.e., self-care, productivity, and leisure that are affect by body image perception. Study Design: The study design chosen was a cross-sectional study design. Methods: A quantitative study was conducted on young adolescents and young adulthood people in Goa, who use social media, namely, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram, for at least 1 h per day. A semi-structure questionnaire was used to determine body image issues faced by them and the areas of self-care productivity and leisure affected. Results: The participants had various body image features which were of concern to them. As a result, they avoided certain situations and indulged in behaviors to minimize the areas of concern bothering them. This in-turn had some imbalances in occupational performance. Conclusion: Body image perception does affect one's occupational performance. As the person's concern about the features lead him/her to focus more on some areas of occupational performance. However, this branch needs to be more explored in occupational therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dexterity is an essential skill in individuals to actively participate in activities of daily living skills and benefits quality of life. Impairments in the sensorimotor control of hands influence the quality of life of people with diabetic neuropathy. An intervention such as sensory reeducation training is necessary to build their dexterity performance thus it will have considerable changes in their activities of daily living. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensory reeducation on dexterity skills in people with diabetic neuropathy. Study Design: This was a quasi-experimental study design. Methods: Thirty people with diabetic neuropathy with impairment in dexterity performance were selected based on a convenient sampling method. The experimental group (n = 15) received the sensory reeducation intervention for 30 sessions for each of 45 min, whereas the control group received conventional occupational therapy for the same time period. The standardized Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments, Moberg s pickup test, and diabetes-39 were used as outcome measures. Results: The study resulted that sensory reeducation therapy had a significant impact on dexterity performance and quality of life when compared to conventional therapy (P < 0.005). Conclusion: S ensory reeducation was effective among people with diabetic neuropathy on dexterity skills and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum anxiety is excessive worrying that occurs after childbirth. As an occupational therapist, it is key note that along with neonatal health mothers' health should be preserved in the postpartum period. Postpartum anxiety has a negative effect on feeding, bonding, etc. It is very important for an occupational therapist to look after performance areas of mothers that affect in postpartum period in their activities of daily living. Objective: This study was conducted to clarify how performance areas of mothers are affected who are diagnosed with postpartum anxiety. Study Design: A concept of study was carried, using cross-sectional quantitative study design method. Methods: After selecting the concept of postpartum anxiety and how it is affecting performance areas in motherhood. Once the population was selected using the Canadian Occupational Performance MEasure (COPM) scale, performance areas were measured and semi-structured interviews were taken to understand better. After that statistical analysis was done to see the main top areas which are majorly and commonly affected. Moreover, semi-structured discussion is formed on their performance levels and satisfaction level through interviews. The literature was found using research databases including CINAHL, PubMed, OT Search, and SCOPUS. Results: Through the conceptual analysis of postpartum anxiety and its effect on the performance areas of mothers, data were obtained on the importance of performance areas for mothers. The results were formed using statistical analysis to know which all areas are majorly affected. It is seen that 90.4%of participants have been given importance to performance areas such as cleaning, transfer outdoor, laundry, shopping, bathing travel, and managing finances and rated 10 out of 10 on the scale COPM. However, 60%of those participants were found on low-performance areas. Moreover, satisfaction scores for performing those tasks are quietly seen on the lower side. Sixty percentage of participants scored 4 on the scale of 10 for satisfaction and 40%of participants were given an average of 6 out of 10 on the scale. Conclusion: The results led to understand that the performance areas of mothers are largely affected who are diagnosed with postpartum anxiety. Research helped to understand the various factors that are affecting performance areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]