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Tuberculosis (TB) of the thyroid gland is extremely rare, even in areas where the prevalence of TB is very high. Only a few such cases have been reported in the literature. The clinical course may resemble toxic goiter or acute thyroiditis. We report the case of a 23-year-old male who presented with painless swelling of the thyroid gland associated with mild fever and weight loss. On ultrasound neck, a large echogenic solid lesion was seen. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of colloid goiter, but histopathology study suggested TB of the thyroid gland along with colloid goiter. We report this case to emphasize that TB of the thyroid gland, although rare, should be kept in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially in countries such as India which are endemic for TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental morphological abnormalities of the thyroid gland are very rare. Thyroid lobe hemiagenesis is a very rare abnormality, in which one thyroid lobe fails to develop. Ectopic thyroid is one of the common developmental anomalies of thyroid characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue in a site other than its usual. Of all, lingual thyroid is the most common manifestation of benign ectopic thyroid tissue, but it is still a rare clinical entity. Both of them seen together is even rarer. These developmental defects may or may not be associated with thyroid dysfunction. Ultrasonography (USG) is the initial modality of choice for thyroid hemiagenesis but further evaluation by computed tomography (CT) scan or nuclear scan should be done to look for other thyroid ectopic tissue rest. We report a case of right thyroid hemiagenesis with ectopic lingual thyroid in a 13-year-old female. To the best of our knowledge, only two similar cases in the world literature have been reported till date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]