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Hashimoto encephalopathy remains a Rubik's cube for the present generation of clinical research. Myriad presentations have been noted, and observations recorded in few subgroups of patients have gone on only to be trashed by a second group of patients with a completely different clinical profile. Steroids have been traditionally held to be the treatment for this condition, but long-term side effects associated with it limits its use. Although multiple drugs have been tried, yet there exists no data for their long-term efficacy in maintaining remission. No radiological findings have been consistently associated with this condition. We report the use of azathioprine in maintaining long-term remission in one such patient with Hashimoto encephalopathy and the presence of lactate peak in magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the patient, which showed dramatic regression with institution of immunosuppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 35-year-old female with migraine without aura, presented with sudden onset of visual aura along with loss of vision on the left side. Following this she had nausea, vomiting and headache. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) performed at this stage revealed ill-defined lesions hyperintense on Flair images, located in the right temporal and right occipital region. Diffusion weighted images, MR angiogram, T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were normal. She got relief with symptomatic treatment. Twenty days after this attack of migrainous aura she had a similar episode. An MRI scan was performed again. It revealed similar lesions only in the right occipital lobe. Follow-up MRI performed seven weeks later was normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a discussion concerning the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the diaphragm in a 70-year old man who presented with complaints or moderate chest pain and difficulty in breathing. The findings on chest radiographs, on computed tomogram (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are cited. The differential diagnosis include retroperitoneal tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and pleural tumors. The background of leiomyosarcoma of the diaphragm and the treatment of choice are explained.

A letter to the editor is presented which is concerned with otocephaly and prenatal and postnatal imaging findings.

The article presents a case study of a 23-year-old male who brought to the outpatient department because of vague heaviness in his inguinoscrotal region. Information about the physical examination, ultrasonographic examination, and urine examination is discussed. Diagnosis of the patient's condition is also revealed. triorchidism