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Assessment is an integral component in the delivery of medical education. The scope of online assessment in the field of medical education is extensive and varied, encompassing a wide range of types of assessments and purposes. The purpose of the review article is to explore the need and merits of online assessment in the cognitive domain in the field of medical education. As we all know, each one of these methods has its pros and cons, nevertheless, the choice of which type should be involved will eventually depend on the goal of the assessment, intended learning objectives, type of questions, domain to be assessed, number of students appearing for examination, and free or paid online application. There is an immense need for online assessment and we must look for ways to integrate them in the process of medical education delivery. In conclusion, online assessment has a wide range of applications and benefits in medical education, owing to the flexibility, ability to incorporate multimedia, and provision of immediate feedback. The need of the hour is to systematically explore the possibility of introduction of online assessments, and based on the results of the need assessment and availability of resources, introduce the same for the benefit of medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of precision medicine in medical education represents a paradigm shift, as it is expected to transform the way in which health care will be delivered to patients in future. This shift is predominantly reported as precision medicine strongly advocates for the delivery of personalized care to patients after giving due consideration to the genetic makeup, biomarker level, etc., of the individual patient. Medical professionals are expected to discharge a wide range of roles since the introduction of precision medicine in the health-care industry. Training of medical students and health professionals in the domain of precision medicine is expected to significantly influence patient outcomes and enhance the efficiency of the health-care sector. In conclusion, precision medicine is expected to have a huge impact on medical professionals and the health sector, it is the need of the hour to strengthen its implementation process across medical colleges and health-care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each of the global pandemics to date has left a permanent mark on the general population and significantly impacted the public health standards and human civilization. The purpose of the current review is to explore the significance of pandemic preparedness, identify the role of medical education in improving the same, enlist the potential challenges in the implementation of pandemic preparedness, and enlist the potential solutions to overcome the same. A search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 27 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include pandemic preparedness in the title alone only (namely, pandemic preparedness [ti] AND medical education [ti]; pandemic preparedness [ti] AND curricula [ti] OR curriculum [ti]; pandemic preparedness [ti] AND COVID‑19 [ti]; pandemic preparedness [ti] AND health [ti]; and pandemic preparedness [ti]). Medical education plays an instrumental role in creating a team of skilled and competent health‑care workforce, which becomes crucial to minimize the impact of pandemics on individuals, communities, and the health‑care delivery system. As medical educators plan to deliver pandemic preparedness education in medical schools, we are expected to encounter different challenges. In conclusion, the training imparted to medical students on pandemic preparedness is crucial in the making of a resilient and adaptable health workforce. To reduce the magnitude of future pandemics, it is the need of the hour to identify the prevailing gaps/barriers and address them proactively to safeguard public health during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A health-care professional is expected to hone multiple skills that are not limited to possessing medical knowledge and clinical skills. Game-based assessments are an innovative type of assessment method that combines the features of gamification and simulation to revolutionize the delivery of medical education. These assessments have the potential to promote active engagement of students by ensuring sustained interest, which is not possible to accomplish with conventional assessments. Even though game-based assessments have immense scope in medical education delivery and have been linked with multiple merits, there are potential concerns with regard to their implementation in medical institutions. In conclusion, game-based assessments offer an immersive approach to assessing the performance of medical students, especially in the domain of critical thinking and decision-making. However, the process of planning and implementation of game-based assessment has its own share of challenges, and we must adopt a systematic approach to overcome the challenges and benefit students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is a perennial plant used to treat menopause. This plant is known to have a serotonergic rather than estrogenic impact. It has been recommended to treat vasomotor symptoms associated with breast cancer patients. It also relieves symptoms such as night sweats and hot flashes, commonly called vasorelaxation. The variability in the study's results, doses, and assessment methods requires more rigorous research to establish its efficacy and safety. Standardized trials are needed to provide more precise information on the benefits and limitations of menopause treatment, informing women seeking alternatives to hormone therapy. Black cohosh has shown the potential to reduce the frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment. In addition to its effectiveness in alleviating night sweats and hot flashes, the vasorelaxation properties contribute to its overall positive impact on menopausal symptoms. Due to discrepancies, varying dosages, and assessment techniques, further comprehensive studies are essential to determine the optimal dosage, long-term safety, and overall efficacy. Only through standardized trials can women make informed decisions about black cohosh as a viable alternative to hormone therapy during menopause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the branch of medicine continues to evolve, it is our utmost responsibility to stay abreast with the recent developments and incorporate the same while training medical students. Precision medicine is a novel approach to health-care delivery that acknowledges the role of patients' genes, environments, and lifestyles regarding each person. The rationale for moving in this direction can be attributed to two major factors, namely, the advances reported in the domain of health care and science, and the limitations that have been linked with the conventional approach of one-size-fits-all, which is not appropriate in the health sector. Precision medicine inclusion in the medical curriculum is the need of the hour, as it is bound to influence the clinical decision-making process by medical doctors, which eventually will improve health-related outcomes. In conclusion, the integration of precision medicine into medical education is expected to change the face of health-care delivery from a global perspective. As medical education embraces this evidence-driven approach, we have started our journey to move toward a future where we will not be happy with just standardization of health-care services, rather we will ensure that it becomes customized to the unique needs and characteristics of individual patients. The following core competencies are addressed in this article : Medical knowledge, Patient care, and Practice-based learning and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential benefits of the herbal remedy "Cimicifuga racemosa" in managing menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats. It highlights that this herbal remedy may offer a safer alternative to hormone therapy, particularly for women who are unwilling to undergo hormone treatment. However, the research on "Cimicifuga racemosa" is characterized by variability in study design and outcome measurement, making it challenging to draw definitive conclusions about its efficacy and safety. The article emphasizes the need for more rigorous research, including standardized clinical trials, to establish the true effectiveness and safety of "Cimicifuga racemosa" as a treatment for menopausal symptoms. [Extracted from the article]