Search

Aim: This study aims to compare the level of stress and coping strategies among introvert and extrovert Nursing students in selected colleges of Nursing, Delhi and NCR. Design and Settings: A comparative survey design was adopted. Samples were Nursing students of Holy Family College of Nursing and Rufaida College of Nursing enrolled in B.Sc. Nursing, GNM and P.B.B.Sc. Nursing. Material and Methods: Tool was administered to 728 Nursing students through total enumeration, 200 introvert and 200 extrovert Nursing students were randomly selected through lottery method. Demographic profile, Modified Questionnaire Based on Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Brief-COPE Inventory were used to collect the data. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings revealed, out of 728 Nursing students, 64.56% were introverts and 35.44% were extroverts. Mean stress score was 22.2 for introverts and 20.57 for extroverts. Among extrovert Nursing students, majority of them adopted (67.55%) problem-focused coping strategies. Whereas, 44% of introvert Nursing students adopted emotion-focused coping strategies, 40.5% adopted problem-focused coping strategies and 15.5% adopted avoidant coping strategies. The t-test value=3.102 (<0.01) for stress and coping strategies among introvert Nursing students and t-test value=3.856 (P<0.01) for stress and coping strategies among extrovert Nursing students. Hence, stress level was more among introvert Nursing students and coping strategies were more adopted by extrovert Nursing students. The correlation between stress and coping strategies among introvert Nursing students were r=0.147 (P<0.05) and r=0.246 (P<0.01) for extrovert Nursing students. Hence, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in level of stress and coping strategies among Nursing students having introvert and extrovert personalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orofacial region may be the first site for the dissemination of malignancies from the remote regions in the jawbones. The most common location of metastatic lesions in the jawbones is the mandible, with the molar region the most frequently involved site. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can be an approach in the treatment protocol depending upon patient age and growth of tumor mass. This case report presents a case of follicular variant thyroid carcinoma, infiltrative type, pT1bN0Mx with mandibular metastasis affecting both hard and soft tissue in a 55-year-old female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were divided into four groups; WKY control, SHR control and SHR treated with EGCG (50 mg/kg/day) or losartan (10 mg/kg/day). The treatment was given daily for 4 weeks by oral gavage and the blood pressure was monitored by tail-cuff method every 3 days. Acetylcholineinduced endothelium-dependent relaxations were assessed in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings at the end of treatment. The vascular levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were also measured. Moreover, the expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor protein was determined. Results: The systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in SHR treated with EGCG. The impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly improved in aortic ring isolated from the EGCG-treated SHR group. EGCG also significantly increased the levels of nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, while decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species and the protein expression of AT1 receptor in SHR. Conclusions: EGCG attenuates endothelial dysfunction in SHR by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing vascular nitric oxide bioavailability, which may be modulated partly by inhibition of vascular AT1 receptors. An increase in endothelium-dependent relaxation may contribute to a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Air conditioners (AC) have become indispensable in the contemporary World. However, their effects on respiratory health need to be explored further using dynamic and static lung functions. Objectives: The objectives were: 1. To evaluate and compare dynamic parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, and FEF25-75) in AC users and non-users of Bengaluru. 2. To evaluate and compare airway resistance and specific airway conductance as additional parameters. Materials and Methods: After applying ATS-ERS criteria for lung disorders, 30 AC users and non-users of Bengaluru, aged 18-40 yrs were assessed using body plethysmography. A significant association of restrictive pattern was seen in AC users (9 AC users out of 60 participants, Chi-square 8.37, P = 0.0038) having an Odd's ratio of 26.95 (CI: 1.4876 to 488.3558, Z = 2.229, P = 0.0258). Airway resistance (Raw) was comparable in both groups further indicating a non-obstructive pathology. Conclusion: AC users had a significant decrease in flow rates (PEFR and FEF25-75) as well as an association with restrictive lung disorder suggesting the need for proper ventilation and hygiene. It is crucial to develop policies to maintain indoor air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) reports that India has the highest global prevalence of oral cancers. The incidence is significantly more in developing countries when compared to the developed countries. Early detection is key to increasing the survival rate of the patients. Important causes for this late diagnosis could be self-negligence, lack of patient awareness about the causes and asymptomatic and subtle clinical presentation of the lesions. Aim: To assess the causes of self-neglect and awareness levels among oral cancer and pre-cancerous patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among pre-cancerous and cancerous patients. Methods and Material: A questionnaire with 16 closed-ended questions was framed relating to the causes of self-neglect and awareness of the patients. A total of 45 patients were selected by convenient sampling technique from the Institutional Tumour Board register of which 62 per cent were male patients and 38 per cent were female patients. Statistical Analysis: Data analysis for demographic data, patients' awareness, and causes of self-neglect about precancer and cancer was done using SPSS Version 10. Results and Conclusions: The present study concluded that the patients had adequate awareness that deleterious habits could lead to cancer but had a low level of awareness about the other causes of cancer, symptoms and management options available to treat cancer. The study result emphasizes that the government should plan for more cancer-screening camps in order to prevent the progression of cancer and to increase the awareness. (Reference I.D.: 2015-05006 for funding the project.ICMR) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used for years for oocyte maturation in IVF cycles, however, with the risk of a few complications like ovarian hyperstimulation. The introduction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist along with hCG as a dual trigger has helped to reduce the incidence of such complications. Aims: The study aims to compare the outcomes of IVF cycles in hCG versus hCG plus GnRH (dual trigger). Settings and Design: Retrospective center-based study. Materials and Methods: Retrospective center-based study to compare the effect of hCG and dual trigger on the cycle outcomes in normal responders. Statistics: Data analysis was done using ClinCalc online calculator through chi-square test, two-independent t test. P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The number of oocytes and clinical pregnancy rates was higher in the dual trigger group. A higher number of top quality embryos were formed in the dual trigger group with statistical significance. Conclusions: Dual trigger can help to improve the outcomes of IVF in normal responders too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvised ovulation induction methods coming up, FET (Frozen Embryo Transfer) has gained preference over fresh transfers. Several strategies have been devised for preparing the endometrium for FET, out of which the hormone replacement regimen (HRT) with exogenous estrogen and progesterone supplementation still remains the most popular one. There are different clinical protocols for the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos. However, there has always been a debate about the impact of hyperestrogenism on endometrial development and implantation, particularly when controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is used in conjunction with fresh embryo transfers. We conducted this study with an objective to investigate the impact of variable serum estradiol (E2) levels achieved in the late follicular phase on implantation and pregnancy outcomes of cryopreserved/thawed embryos transferred in programmed cycles with exogenous hormonal replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incidence of infections is more common in the dental practice. In this article, we describe a novel approach to the clinical management of a completely edentulous patient who is in hepatitis B carrier state including infection control protocol for all clinical and laboratory steps. Furthermore, a novel method of incorporating patient's medical history in the form of a QR code in the processed denture is also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case studies of three children who presented with microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. It mentions electroencephalographic findings in affected infants are that of hypsarrhythmia while in older children there is background slowing with multifocal spikes.

Introduction: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been considered a major life-threatening danger to the human population worldwide. The traditional Indian medicines also play an important role as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways. Among the Siddha medicines, Kabasura kudineer is a formulation composed of 15 ingredients used against fever caused by respiratory infections. Aim: To determine the outcome of Kabasura kudineer, among SARS CoV-2 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Tamil Nadu with mild to moderate symptoms or asymptomatic patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in Covid care Hospital, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli after the approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. Written informed consent forms were obtained from the patients. A total of 100 patients with positive Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-nCov-2 with asymptomatic and mild to moderate symptoms were included in this study. Among them, 50 patients were included in the control group and the other 50 patients were provided with 60 mL Kabasura kudineer for 5 days. Again on the sixth day, RT-PCR was repeated. Results: Among 50 participants in each group, by the sixth day, RT-PCR converted into negative for 27 patients in group B, by 10th day 25 in group A and 22 in group B, by 14th day 25 in group A and remaining 1 in group B became negative. Conclusion: The present study showed Kabasura kudineer was effective when compared with the control group against SARS-nCoV-2 patients with no symptoms and mild symptoms and also the conversion of RT-PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the celebration of silver jubilee year of Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology (AIAN). It expresses the decesion to publish a journal under the aegis of the academy to provide an opportunity to senior and junior neurologists as well as residents in training. An overview of the open access policy of the journal, number of submissions, and novel ideas and concepts which have further enhanced the quality of the journal is presented.

Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in biological processes of reproduction, and yet there is no accurate indicator to measure it. The objective of the study was to correlate the effect of ROS (reactive oxygen species) on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. This was achieved by measuring levels of ROS present in granulosa cells and follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing IVF (in vitro fertilization). ROS in FF is measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kit (Abcam) and granulosa cells were measured with the help of flow cytometry. The results showed that high levels of FF malondialdehyde were found in nonpregnant women as compared to pregnant group and were found to be significant (P < 0.0001) andROS in granulosa cells showed the same trend but wasfound to be statistically nonsignificant (P=0.1658). It was also seen that the number of metaphase II oocytes were affected neither byROS in granulosa cells nor in FF (P>0.05) but had an impact on the quality of embryos (P<0.05). Hence, we can conclude that OS is a real threat to embryos especially in vitro and it has a negative impact on IVF outcomes. Imbalance in ROS can lead to poor fertilization rate, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes and ROS levels in FF and granulosa cells can be taken as a potential marker to detect IVF treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the common potentially malignant disorders prevailing in India. The primary etiological factors include tobacco and arecanut, which contain numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS attack guanine bases in DNA and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which can be detected in patients who have diseases associated with oxidative stress. The oxidative DNA damage produced by oxidative stress may induce malignant transformation. Aim: The aim of the present study is to detect the expression of 8-OHdG in OSMF patients and compare the expression within different grades of OSMF and also normal buccal mucosa. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 samples were examined for the immunohistochemical expression of 8-OHdG. The control group included 10 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of the normal buccal mucosa. The study group includes 20 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of OSMF (5 cases in each grade of very early, early, moderately advanced and advanced cases of OSMF). Three-micron thick tissue sections were made from each sample and stained with 8-OHdG antibody. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test Results: Statistically significant difference exists in the intensity of 8-OHdG expression between the study groups. The P-value obtained was <0.001, which was highly statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study is the first attempt to evaluate the expression of 8-OHdG in tissue samples of OSMF that revealed the role of free radicals and oxidative DNA damage in these patients. Further research with larger sample size, clinicopathologic correlation and long-term follow-up will shed more light on the pathogenesis of OSMF. It will also be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting treatment modalities for OSMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka has a long tradition of excellence in education, teaching, research, and patient care. Its exceptional alumni, as well as current and past faculty members, have made considerable contributions to the development of neurological services throughout the world. The six decades of its existence have seen a momentous growth in clinical, investigative, and community Neurology. As a result of the immense scientific individual as well as collaborative contributions of the faculty members in various departments, the Institute has had the honour of attaining the status of an autonomous 'Institute of National Importance' under the Ministry of Health, Government of India, through a novel concept of collaboration and partnership of central and state governments. This article traces the dedicated pursuit of members of the Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, in managing neurologic diseases through compassionate patient-centred care, transformative research and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of oral malignancies. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity differs widely in various parts of the world. It is well within the scope of General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) to carry out certain diagnostic investigations such as exfoliative cytology and oral tissue biopsy to determine the nature of the lesion. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness concerning the early detection and screening of potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer among general dental practitioners of Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were sent to 194 general dental practitioners. The completed questionnaire was collected immediately. Confidentiality of the participants was guaranteed. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis included the use of descriptive statistics. Results: Approximately 97% of the participants conducted intraoral soft tissue examination; 86.5% recorded the tobacco habits of the patients and approximately 97% said that they counsel the patient to stop tobacco habits. A total of 23% said potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) was scrapable in nature and 77% said it was nonscrapable. A total of 69% of the dentists answered that white lesions had more probability to change into oral cancer. In this study, 92% mentioned that if they suspect oral cancer in their patients then they would examine the regional lymph nodes. When questioned about the best technique for early diagnosis of oral cancer, 24% assumed exfoliative cytology, 73% accepted biopsy. A total of 43% revealed that they had performed these diagnostic procedures in their clinics. A total of 75% dentists suggested that they needed a consultant oral pathologist. A total of 78% participants had attended continuing dental education programs related to oral cancer. On confirming the diagnosis of cancer, 75% referred their patients to regional cancer centres. Conclusion: The findings on the awareness concerning the early detection and screening of PMOD and oral cancer among GDPs show the need for clinicopathologic correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficiency of probiotics in prevention and also treatment of oral infections including dental caries, periodontitis, halitosis is found to be appealing in the recent literature. Their antagonistic role in oral infections is mainly through formation of biofilm which needs documentation. Though the emergence and practice of oral probiotics is visualized for the past two decades, the consumption and knowledge level is found to be less among the community. Stronger source to spread scientific evidence to the community would be health professionals. Aim: The current study is aimed at assessing the level of awareness of probiotics among dental practitioners of Puducherry thereby aid and assist in the beneficial practice of the same in the community. Methods: The knowledge level was assessed through a cross sectional survey using closed ended questionnaire. Involves practicing dentists of Puducherry (n-173). A prevalidated questionnaire with 17 closed ended and one open ended question was employed as the research tool. Results: The results revealed an acceptable knowledge in 77.4% and a greater level of knowledge in 20.8% of dentists. More number of studies are expected to fulfill the lacunae in the field of safety of usage and long term effects of probiotics. Conclusion: Responses of the current study which was focused on dental practitioners revealed that the knowledge level is well above the acceptable level. There is no profound difference in the awareness level noticed among BDS and MDS practitioners.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition associated with the use of areca nut in various forms. There are very few reports to correlate the clinical stage to histopathological grading in OSF.Materials and Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted on 75 OSF cases who visited our hospital in Chennai from 2000-2003. A detailed history of each patient was recorded along with a clinical examination. Biopsy was performed for histopathological correlation. Clinical stage of the disease in terms of the ability to open one's mouth was correlated with histopathological grading.Results: The male to female ratio of OSF cases was 6:1. All forms of areca nut products were associated with OSF. Chewing of paanmasala was associated with early presentation of OSF as compared to chewing of the betel nut. Out of 57 cases, which were in clinical stage II, 91.2% had histological grading of I and II in equal proportions and 8.8% had histological grade III. Out of 13 cases that showed a clinical stage of III, 52% showed a histological grade of II, 40% grade III and 8% grade I.Conclusion: In the present study, there was no direct correlation between clinical stages and histopathological grading. The possibility of difference in the severity and extent of fibrosis in different regions of the oral mucosa and involved muscles were considered as contributory factors for this variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurologists in their clinical practice are faced with inquiries about the suitability of stem cell approaches by patients with a variety of acute and chronic (namely neurodegenerative) disorders. The challenge is to provide these patients with accurate information about the scope of stem cell use as well as at the same time, empowering patients with the capacity to make an autonomous decision regarding the use of stem cells. Methods: The Indian Academy of Neurology commissioned an Expert Group Meeting to formulate an advisory to practicing neurologists to counsel patients seeking information and advice about stem cell approaches. Results and Conclusions: In the course of such counselling, it should be emphasized that the information provided by many lay websites might be unsubstantiated. Besides, standard recommendations for the stem cell research, in particular, the application of several layers of oversight should be strictly adhered in order to ensure safety and ethical use of stem cells in neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontogenic myxomas are rare benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, comprising 3-6% of all odontogenic tumors. They are slow growing, non-metastasizing, often asymptomatic with local aggressiveness due to its infiltrative nature and hence high recurrence rate, with a high incidence of occurrence in the mandible. Most frequently occurs in second to third decade of life, seldom occurs beyond these age groups. Hereby, we present a case of odontogenic myxoma occurring in the maxilla in a 65-year-old female managed by partial maxillectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigmentations are commonly found in the mouth. They represent in various clinical patterns that can range from just physiologic changes to oral manifestations of systemic diseases and malignancies. Color changes in the oral mucosa can be attributed to the deposition of either endogenous or exogenous pigments as a result of various mucosal diseases. The various pigmentations can be in the form of blue/purple vascular lesions, brown melanotic lesions, brown heme-associated lesions, gray/black pigmentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth and development of neuroepidemiology in India during the last four decades has been documented highlighting the historical milestones. The prevalence rates of the spectrum of neurological disorders from different regions of the country ranged from 967-4,070 with a mean of 2394 per 100000 population, providing a rough estimate of over 30 million people with neurological disorders (excluding neuroinfections and traumatic injuries). Prevalence and incidence rates of common disorders including epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease and tremors determined through population-based surveys show considerable variation across different regions of the country . The need for a standardized screening questionnaire, uniform methodology for case ascertainment and diagnosis is an essential requiste for generating robust national data on neurological disorders. Higher rates of prevalence of neurological disorders in rural areas, 6-8 million people with epilepsy and high case fatality rates of stroke (27-42%) call for urgent strategies to establish outreach neurology services to cater to remote and rural areas, develop National Epilepsy Control Program and establish stroke units at different levels of health care pyramid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although transradial coronary intervention (TRI) has been developed to minimize the bleeding and to improve the quality of life, radial artery injury is a problem. The present study was undertaken to compare the early radial artery injury after TRI between first-TRI and repeat-TRI by high-resolution ultrasound. Methods and results A total of 328 patients who are undergoing coronary angiogram through transradial route were included. We compared the radial artery findings between first-TRI patients ( n = 268) and repeat-TRI patients ( n = 60). The Radial Artery (RA) was examined by ultrasound before and one day after the procedure. Results In first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was 2.2 ± 0.35, 1.7 ± 0.37 mm before procedure and one day after the procedure p < 0.05. In repeat-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was 2.1 ± 0.6, 1.6 ± 0.36 mm before procedure and one day after the procedure respectively p < 0.05. The mean IMT of RA was 0.31 ± 0.1 mm and 0.40 ± 0.15 mm before procedure and one day after the procedure in first-TRI group. The mean intima-media thickness of RA was 0.35 ± 0.20 mm and 0.48 ± 0.17 mm before procedure and one day after the procedure in repeat-TRI group. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that diameter repeated TRI Procedure were independent predictors of Intima media thickness (IMT). Conclusion The lumen diameters were smaller in repeat-TRI patients than in first-TRI patients due to intima-medial thickening, in the radial artery. Care should be taken when the radial artery is used as a conduit in coronary artery bypass graft surgery, particularly in patients who have undergone TRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terahertz radiation, also known as THZ light or T-rays, lies between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum typically defined as 0.1–10 THZ. It is strongly attenuated by water and very sensitive to water content. Terahertz radiation has very low photon energy and thus it does not pose any ionization hazard for biological tissues. These unique features make terahertz imaging very attractive for dental applications in order to provide complimentary information to existing imaging techniques. There has been an increasing interest in terahertz imaging of biologically related applications within the last few years and more and more terahertz spectra are being reported. This article highlights terahertz technology and provides a short review of recent advances in terahertz imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate Langerhans cell (LC) in lichen planus (LP), lichenoid mucositis (LM) and normal mucosa (NM) using CD1a monoclonal antibody immunohistochemically. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 cases of oral lichen planus and 15 cases of LM were selected based on clinical examination and confirmed by histopathological analysis. The biopsies from the 10 patients were taken from normal buccal mucosa as control. Paraffin blocks of tissue were made, which are used for routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining using biotin streptavidin methods (CD1a monoclonal antibody). Analysis of CD1a expression was performed by evaluating the labeling index (LI) for each slide. Results: The mean CD1a LI for LP was significantly higher than that of LM and NM in the basal and supra basal layer. The mean CD1a positive cells in the connective tissues for LP were higher than that of LM and NM. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates a statistically significant increase in number of LC in LP than in LM, indicating the possible different immunopathogenic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POdF) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm. It represents the soft tissue counterpart of central odontogenic fibroma. The embryonic source of POdF has been suggested by many as arising from the rest of dental lamina that has persisted in the gingiva following its disintegration. It presents clinically as a firm, slow growing and sessile gingival mass, which is difficult to distinguish with more common inflammatory lesions. Very few cases of recurrence have been documented. It has been stated that histological budding of basal cell layer of the surface squamous epithelium is associated with higher recurrence and the presence of calcification in direct apposition to the epithelial rest is associated with lower recurrence. Hereby, we present a case which histologically exhibited budding of the basal cell layer, which could have been the reason for its recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Acute adaptive vascular remodeling occurs in active and unstable inflammatory plaques. It has been suggested that the adaptive coronary vascular remodeling in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and Chronic Stable Angina (CSA) may be systemic and may show similar vascular remodeling in the carotid arteries. Methods: A total of 135 patients who are undergoing coronary angiogram and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI) were included. High resolution B-Mode Ultrasonography was performed for Carotid Arteries in both ACS (N = 75) and Chronic Stable Angina (N = 60) (CSA) group patients. Positive remodeling was arbitrarily defined as an IMT max >1 mm and IAD >8 mm and negative remodeling as an IMT max >1 mm and IAD <7 mm. Other values were defined as “no remodeling”. Results: The Ultrasonographic measurements of the Common Carotid Arteries of ACS and CSA group there was a statistically difference between IAD (p < 0.00) and LD (p < 0.02). Whereas there was no statistically significant difference of distribution of frequency of soft plaque, hard plaque and mixed plaque in both groups. On Univariate analysis there was no statistically significant difference in positive carotid remodeling between the two groups (p = 0.75). By regression analysis in ACS and CSA group there was a significant positive correlation between the mean Carotid IMT and the interadventitial diameter (IAD) (r = 0.21, p < 0.035, r = 0, p = 0.36), and the mean carotid IMT and the ratio of the interadventitial diameter to the luminal diameter (IAD/LD) (r = 0.24, p < 0.02, r = 0.43, p = 0.000) respectively. Conclusion: The common carotid arterial remodeling in ACS patients was not different from that of CSA patients suggesting the arterial remodeling due to coronary inflammatory plaques appears to take place locally rather than systemically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article briefly outlines the proposed national epilepsy control program. The content of the article is based on four meetings held by invitation of the Ministry of Health. Invitees by ministry - Drs. D. C. Jain, M. Gourie Devi, V. Saxena, S. Jain, P. Satish. Chandra, M. Gupta, K. Bala, V. Puri, K. S. Anand, S. Gulati, S. Johri, P. S. Chandra, M. Behari, K. Radhakrishnan, D. Bachani. Presentations were made by Dr. M. Tripathi.The program will involve all neurologists across the country in teaching and training at state levels and a central monitoring committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cell origin. It often has a multicentric origin within the bone. It makes about 1% of all malignancies and 15% of all hematologic malignancies. There is a monoclonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in this disease that arise from a single malignant precursor that has undergone uncontrolled mitotic division. These cells in turn produce one type of immunoglobulin light chain, either kappa or lambda. Unifocal, monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells is called plasmacytoma. Hereby, we present a case of a 65-year-old female patient who presented with a swelling of the mandible. The uniform sheets of plasma cells in the histopathology punched out radiolucencies in skull radiograph and the blood picture of anemia and hypercalcemia, confirmed the case as MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatids are the earliest male germ cells with haploid set of chromosomes. Spermatid injection was introduced in human assisted reproduction for the treatment of men with non- obstructive azoospermia. Spermatozoa can be recovered in half of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. The use of spermatids for intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) has been proposed for cases in which no spermatozoa can be retrieved. However, there are low pregnancy rates following ICSI using round spermatids from men with no elongated spermatids or spermatozoa in their testes. The in vitro culture of immature germ cells has been proposed as a means to improve this poor outcome. Oocyte activation rarely occurs when injected with a spermatid. Therefore, spermatid injection requires use of calcium ionophores for oocyte activation which is otherwise carried out by PLC zeta from mature sperms. This is the only option available for the nonobstructive azoospermic patients to have their own biological child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on neurology care at outpatient services of tertiary hospitals in India. Topics discussed include information on burden of neurological disorders involving the consequences of nervous system invasion by infections as well as traumatic injuries; need for models of neurological care and development of pathways of care to reduce the burden on tertiary hospitals; and need for satellite clinics to facilitate the development of resources.

An editorial is presented on the topic of neuroepidemiology focusing on the burden of public health issues and neurological disorders. It reports that India has changed with its phase of epidemiological transition with increase in the neurological disorders and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It states that the neurological disorders prevention is a measure of the burden and its study introduces number of new cases. Various methods and models should be used to avoid the issues.

Abstract: Soft tissue sarcomas comprise just 1% of all cancers that are diagnosed annually. Synovial sarcoma typically arises from Para-articular soft tissues of the extremities and is rarely found at sites that have no apparent synovial structures. Here we describe a case of synovial sarcoma diagnosed pathologically by biopsy from primary site and treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Later, patient presented with metastasis to the heart causing severe LV dysfunction and heart failure, which was diagnosed by 2D Echo cardiography, Computed Tomography of chest and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography of Abdomen. Patient died and autopsy was done and diagnosis confirmed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A correction to the article "Epidemiology of neurological disorders in India" is presented.

Double lip is an uncommon oral anomaly, which occurs mostly in the upper lip. It may be congenital or acquired and occurs as an isolated case or in association with other lesions. Cheilitis glandularis is a rare inflammatory disease that affects minor salivary glands and their ducts, predominantly those of the lower lip. In this article, we report a case of double lip and cheilitis glandularis in the upper lip of a 14-year-old female patient. An overview of the etiology, clinical presentation, histopathologic features and treatment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses aspects of the neurology education in India including various concepts such as development of neurological services, training programs, and research and development. Topics include the provision of various neurology training and workshops administered by various organizations such as Neurological Society of India, the demand of trainees considering the advances medical practice and emergence related diseases, and the challenges of neurology manpower in the county.

The author reflects on the growing popularity of the concept of translational research among scientific organizations and scientists worldwide as of April 2013. He cites the extension of translational research beyond the domains of laboratory not only to patients to the community as a whole. He also calls on the development of a paradigm shift in the training of research scientists and clinicians to boost the position of translational research.

A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the treatment for congenital iris stromal cyst with cataract in a seven-year-old boy through cyst aspiration and diode laser photocoagulation.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a serious meningitic infection commonly found to occur in the developing countries endemic to tuberculosis. Based on the clinical features alone, the diagnosis of TBM can neither be made nor excluded with certainty. Unfortunately there is still no single diagnostic method that is both sufficiently rapid and sensitive. Most factors found to correlate with poor outcome can be directly traced to the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The only way to reduce the mortality and morbidity is by early diagnosis and timely recognition of complications and institution of the appropriate treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about cranial neuropathy in patients diagnosed with leprosy. Affectation on cranial nerve is possible in lepers especially on facial, trigeminal and olfactory nerves. Cranial nerve paralysis occurs with polar tuberculoid, borderline and polar lepromatous types of peripheral neuropathy. Clinical manifestation like skin lesions can be observed in lepers during the treatment process of the disease.