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In dental practice, pediatric patients with a wide range of manifestations of malocclusion viz. crossbite, dental crowding, and skeletal Class III due to transverse discrepancy of the abnormally constricted maxilla or palate are found. However, the dental management of such kind of malocclusion with narrow palate needs a meticulous dental evaluation. Appliances used for treating such malocclusion conditions may include Slow‑Maxillary Expansion (SME) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) orthodontic or orthopedic appliances. Considerable success has been described in the literature using the maxillary/palatal expansion modality. Unusual systemic and nondental effects of expansion appliances therapy have been described in some scientific studies. However, no comprehensive review article has been published describing the nondental and systemic effects of RME/SME therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. Considering the above scenarios, the updated and comprehensive review of the relevant literature is necessary for health professionals. Dental professionals including pediatric dentists and orthodontists need to consider such untoward or unexpected effects of RME/ SME treatment modality. Hence, the current comprehensive review article has been written with the aim to meticulously describe the relevant scientific literature about nondental/extraoral and systemic effects of RME/SME appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral mucocele is a common soft-tissue benign lesion in children that is generally reported in the literature with underlying etiology of traumatic event to the oral mucosa. Such lesions have been reported to be managed clinically by different therapeutic modalities ranging from conventional surgery to laser-assisted surgery. The appropriate treatment modalities for mucocele of oral mucosa in pediatric patients are utmost important for having favorable healing outcomes without any postoperative complications and recurrence. Hence, the selection of appropriate therapeutic options is very critical for achieving the desired results of treatment of such lesions. This article illustrates the clinical case series regarding the effective and successful management of extravasation mucoceles at different locations of oral mucosa in three pediatric patients including 5-month-old male infant, 7-year-old boy, and 8.5-year-old boy. The case report has been written as per the CARE case reporting guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonsurgical endodontic management of the nonvital posterior tooth with large periapical radiolucency has been suggested as conservative approach in endodontics in existing literature. However, complete disinfection of the infected root canals has been a challenge in endodontic procedure. Recently, various types of lasers have emerged as the effective and successful way for achieving in-depth elimination of bacteria and also for healing of periapical lesions. However, there is a scarcity of published case report articles about laser-assisted endodontic therapy in combination with rotary files system for the noninvasive management of large periapical lesion associated with nonvital posterior teeth in claustrophobic child patients. Hence, the aim of this article is to present the pediatric case report about the successful nonsurgical orthograde endodontic treatment by employing diode laser of 810 nm wavelength for the disinfection of the infected root canals and resolution of periradicular radiolucency followed by functional rehabilitation of the treated tooth with preformed stainless steel crown within the shorter period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) have become the public dental health problem worldwide in children and adolescents. These injuries are complex and multifactorial in aetiology. This study was done with the aim to analyse the association of ‘type of TDI’ with its demographic and various predisposing factors in children by an advanced statistical method of machine learning (ML) of artificial intelligence (AI). Materials and Methods: The present study’s data were gathered by conducting the observational cross‑sectional study among index age‑groups 12 and 15 years children of randomly selected schools of different geographical regions. Structured interviews and dental examinations performed were done to record the variables of TDIs in self‑constructed proforma. The gathered data were analysed by employing the random‑tree model of machine learning algorithm of IBM SPSS Modeler version‑18 software. Results: Molar‑relationship (2.5), age (1.75), sex (1.5) and geographical region/area (~1.5) were the most important predictors (factors) for the determination of type of dental injury as shown by the random tree model, whereas clinical factors like overjet (0.75), lip‑competence (0.5) and overbite (0.5) showed lesser importance in the determination of type of TDIs. Conclusion: Demographic factors (age, sex and geographical region) and one clinical factor (molar‑relation) were found as the stronger factors for determining the type of traumatic dental injury in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankyloglossia is an abnormal congenital condition of the tongue characterized by abnormal attachment of lingual frenum or shorter lingual frenulum. Although various conventional surgical modalities and lasers for frenectomy has been described in literature, only few articles have been reported in the existing literature regarding the diode laser of 808 nm wavelength for frenectomy procedure in pediatric patient. Hence, the current article describes the clinical case report of successful and effective treatment of ankyloglossia using soft-tissue diode laser of 808 nm wavelength with minimally invasive dentistry approach in a 10-year-old male pediatric patient. In addition, the tongue-tie was clinically evaluated using the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function. Diode lasers can be used as a safe alternative surgical tool for managing tongue-tie with minimally invasive dentistry approach and also for alleviating the dental anxiety in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]