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ABSTRACT: Background: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and haemoglobinopathies, particularly beta-thalassemia in the tribal population of the Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district of Telangana. Methods: The sample consisted of a tribal population (Banjara) that visited voluntary blood camps set up in tribal settlements, local schools, and the Gram-panchayat office, in collaboration with local healthcare workers. Haemoglobin measurements (Anaemia) and Mentzer index of whole blood (EDTA) samples were used as diagnostic screening tools for categorising the population at risk of beta-thalassemia. HPLC was used as a confirmatory test. Results: The study included a total of n = 479 (68% females and 32% males) voluntary adult participants of Banjara. Based on the haemoglobin levels, 105 females (32%) were found to be anaemic as compared to 24 males (15.5%). Among the female population, a small percentage of individuals had severe anaemia (1.9%), while most had mild (80%) or moderate anaemia (18%); on the other hand, males primarily had moderate anaemia. Out of the total screened population, 6.7% (5.2% with low Hb levels (anaemic), 3.3% by MI) were found to be thalassemia based on anaemia and Mentzer index as a screening tool. Conclusion: The prevalence of beta-thalassemia was found 6.7% in the Banjara population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Superficial spreading cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare phenomenon with few cases reported in the literature. The present case report briefs the findings of superficial spreading cervical SCC in postmenopausal women. A 65-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with bleeding per-vaginum for 1–2 months. On examination, the cervix was healthy with no visible growth. She was diagnosed with an endometrial malignancy on magnetic resonance imaging. On endometrial and cervical biopsy, histopathology revealed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III in ectocervix with SCC in endocervical and endometrial curetting. The patient underwent modified radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and histopathology revealed superficially spreading cervical SCC with tumor cells involving endometrium, myometrium, paratubal, paraovarian, vaginal margins without extending to pelvic, and para-aortic lymph nodes. The patient was further managed successfully with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Superficial spreading cervical SCC is very rare phenomenon. Its spread is not only limited to endometrium but can extend to involve myometrium, paratubal, paraovarian, and vaginal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of this study is to review the pathology and outcome of kidney allograft nephrectomies performed in a single renal transplant center in South India. In our regional center, a total of 721 renal transplants were done between January 2001 and March 2020, of which 18 underwent transplant nephrectomy (TN). Materials and Methods: Clinical data concerning patient characteristics, duration of allograft functions, indications, complications, and subsequent follow-up details were assessed. The median age of patients at the time of transplantation who underwent TN was 35 years. Among the 18 allografts, 16 were from live-related donors and a deceased donor after circulatory/brain death in two patients. Associated comorbidities found at the time of transplantation mainly consist of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. A standard triple immunosuppressive regimen along with mTOR inhibitors was followed in all patients. The morphology of the allograft nephrectomy was studied in elusive graft dysfunction. Results: In our study, while the infection was found to be the leading cause of renal allograft failure clinically, on pathological examination of TN specimens, rejection (44.44%) contributed to failure the most. Early graft failure (55.56%) was related to hyperacute rejection or vascular complications. Late graft failure (44.44%) was associated with infection and rejection. No significant mortality was observed in our study. Conclusion: Clinicopathological correlation to arrive at a diagnosis for graft failure contributes to more effective postnephrectomy care of the patient since often the underlying pathology is masked by other incidental occurrences. It also aids in gauging the patient's chances of undergoing further transplant and graft survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]