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Background and Objectives: The knowledge of various blood group antigen and phenotype frequencies in a population is important in selecting compatible blood in alloimmunized patients. Such information in Indian population is very limited. Hence this study was carried out to determine the frequency of clinically significant antigens. Such information in Indian population is very limited. Methods: This study was carried out to determine the frequencies of the D, C, c, E, e, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, and Jkb antigens in 1024 blood donors at our department. Samples were collected for extended antigen typing during March 2016-February 2017 for D, C, c, E, e, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, and Jkb antigens using monoclonal antisera by column agglutination technology. Antigenic and phenotypic frequencies were expressed as percentages. Results: Among the Rh system, "e" antigen was found in 98.6% of donors, followed by D (92%), C (89%), c (56%), and E (17%) with DCe/DCe (R1 R1, 41.4%) as the most common phenotype. "k" was found to be positive in 97% of donors, and K+k- phenotype was found in 0.1% of donors. For Kidd and Duffy blood group system, Jk(a+b+) and Fy(a+b+) were the most common phenotypes with frequency of 56.2% and 47.5%, respectively. MNS antigens were not included on account of financial constraints. Conclusion: Database for antigen frequency of various blood group systems in native donors helps provide antigen-negative compatible blood units to patients with multiple antibodies in order to formulate in-house red cells for antibody detection and identification and for preparing donor registry for rare blood groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tracheo-bronchomalacia (TBM) is the weakness in the structural integrity of the cartilaginous ring and arch. It may occur in isolation with prematurity or secondarily in association with various congenital anomalies. Bronchomalacia is more commonly associated with congenital heart diseases. The conventional treatment options include positive pressure ventilation with or without tracheostomy, surgical correction of external compression and airway stenting.Aim: To use "synchronized" nasal Dual positive airway pressure (DuoPAP), a non-invasive mode of ventilation as an alternative treatment option for bronchomalacia to avoid complications associated with conventional treatment modalities.Study Design: Prospective observational study conducted in Army Hospital Research and Referral from Jul 2019 to Dec 2020.Material and Methods: We diagnosed seven cases of TBM post-cardiac surgery at our institute, incidence of 4.2%. Four infants were diagnosed with left sided bronchomalacia, 2 were diagnosed with right sided bronchomalacia and one with tracheomalacia. Those infants were managed by "synchronized" nasal DuoPAP, a first in ventilation technology by Fabian Therapy Evolution ventilator (Acutronic, Switzerland).Results: All seven infants showed significant improvement with synchronized nasal DuoPAP both clinically as well as radiologically. None of the infant required tracheostomy and discharged to home successfully.Conclusion: The synchronized nasal DuoPAP is a low cost and effective treatment option for infants with TBM. It could be attributed to synchronization of the breaths leading to better tolerance and compliance in paediatric age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retention and stability are the main objectives in a complete denture fabrication. The weight of a maxillary complete denture is one of the factors that affects its retention and stability. Excessive interarch distance between the maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches increases the height and weight of the prosthesis, thus compromising the retention. Long lip length further compromises the situation. This article describes a case report of prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral gross asymmetry due to unilateral Bell's palsy and increased prosthetic space by fabricating a light-weighted hollow denture to improve the esthetics and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–ceramic restorations are used for fixed restorations very commonly, and sometimes, failure of these may need a removal and making a new restoration. It may destroy the abutment. Three categories of repair techniques are available for fractured metal–ceramic restorations, of which the treatment is chosen depending on the clinical acceptability. If the defects are small, these can be repaired intraorally with a ceramic repair kit without remaking the restoration. This article presents one such case report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to compare the smear layer removal efficacy of 2% chitosan (low molecular weight) (C-LMV), 4% chitosan citrate (CC), and 10% citric acid (CA) when used in specific irrigant protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 single-rooted maxillary incisors and canines were decoronated, standardized to a root length of 15 mm, and prepared with rotary files up to protaper F3 size. Sodium hypochlorite was used as initial rinse [8 ml]. The samples were divided into experimental (Group III, IV, V, and VI) (n = 10) and control groups (I - 17% EDTA, II - normal saline) (n = 5) based on the type of final rinse solution (5 ml) used, that is, 2% C-LMV, 4% C-citrate, 10% CA, and 1% acetic acid. Samples were dehydrated, split buccolingually, gold sputter coated, and examined in field emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Overall, the Group IV, V, and III presented the least amounts of smear, debris, and erosion among the experimental groups at the apical, middle, and coronal one-thirds of the root canal with a mean value of 1.53 ± 0.42, 1.33 ± 0.42, and 1.60 ± 0.46, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of CC as final rinse solution during biomechanical preparation seems promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Anemia of chronic disease is defined as anemia occurring in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions that is not caused by marrow deficiencies or other diseases and in the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins. The present case control study was aimed to assess the red blood cell parameters for signs of anemia in patients with mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A simple random sampling method was used to select 80 healthy male patients, who were divided into four groups based on full mouth periodontal examination as follows: group I patients comprised the control group (n = 20), which included patients with a clinically healthy periodontium, group II patients (n = 20) were diagnosed with mild chronic periodontitis, group III (n = 20) included moderate chronic periodontitis patients, and patients with severe chronic periodontitis formed group IV (n = 20). Laboratory blood investigations included total number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Results: Data analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in red blood cell parameters with increase in different grades of periodontitis. Conclusion: Results of the present study show a substantial decrease in red blood cell parameters with increase in the severity of periodontal destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To plan and execute the rehabilitation of a decimated occlusion is probably one of the most intellectually and technically demanding tasks faced by any restorative dentist. This clinical report describes a multidisciplinary approach for complete oral rehabilitation of a patient with few remaining natural teeth. The treatment included the use of a complete denture, removable partial denture, fixed partial denture and implants for restoring the patient's esthetics and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacement of multiple missing teeth mainly in the Kennedy's class I and class II condition is a challenge for the clinician and the patient in terms of retention, masticatory efficiency, esthetics, comfort and importantly economics. Here, a case using implants in the distal denture bearing area with ball attachments and fabricating a cast partial denture over it utilizing the best of all benefits has been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary lateral incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of a dental implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration. The tooth was atraumatically extracted, the socket was prepared to the required depth and a Biohorizon Implant was inserted followed a week later by temporization by a bonded restoration. An impression was made 4 months after implant insertion, and a definitive restoration was placed. The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site. The patient exhibited no clinical or radiologic complications through 5 years of clinical monitoring. The dental implant and provisional restoration provided the patient with immediate esthetics, function, comfort, and most importantly preservation of tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of Cionni ring helped in the successful intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a 30-year-old patient with bilateral congenital subluxated cataracts. The IOL was stable, well-centered without any iridodonesis or pseudophakodonesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article related to collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) in the July 1,2016 issue.