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High myopia is often associated with local ectasia and scleral thinning. The progression of myopia depends upon scleral biochemical and biomechanical properties. Scleral thinning is associated with decreased collagen fiber diameter, defective collagen fibrillogenesis, and collagen cross-linking. Reversing these abnormalities may make the sclera tougher and might serve as a treatment option for myopic progression. Collagen cross-linking is a natural process in the cornea and sclera, which makes the structure stiff. Exogenous collagen cross-linkage is artificially induced with the help of external mediators by using light and dark methods. In this systematic review, we discussed existing literature available on the internet on current evidence-based applications of scleral collagen cross-linking (SXL) by using different interventions. In addition, we compared them in tabular form in terms of their technique, mechanisms, cytotoxicity, and the stage of transition from preclinical to clinical development. Furthermore, we discussed the in-vivo technique to evaluate the post-SXL scleral biomechanical property and outcome in the human eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To present a case of anatomical success and visual improvement after the treatment of a long-standing foveal retinal detachment in a staphylomatous myopic eye with foveoschisis and macular hole. A 60-year-old woman with high myopia presented with foveoschisis and a lamellar macular hole in her right eye. After 2 years of follow-up without deterioration, her eye developed a full-thickness macular hole and a foveal retinal detachment which caused a severe reduction in visual acuity. However, the patient had no surgical treatment for her condition at that time. Vitrectomy was performed 2 years after the retinal detachment formation. Regardless of the longstanding detachment, anatomical success, and visual improvement were evident after the surgery. Despite a 2-year longstanding foveal detachment on a highly myopic eye with foveoschisis and macular hole, surgical repair could still be satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traboulsi syndrome is a sporadic autosomal recessive disorder. Very few cases reported and no surgical treatment has been described. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the surgical treatment of a case of Traboulsi syndrome with intercalary staphyloma. Synopsis: Traboulsi syndrome[1‑3] is a type of spontaneous filtering bleb. The case was of a 31‑year‑old lady with a flat anterior chamber and large intercalary staphyloma, with a subluxated clear lens. Liberal peritomy was done. The staphyloma was cut and the displaced lens was delivered through it. It was closed with 7‑0 vicryl continuous suture. A cross‑linked cornea was used after removing the Descemet membrane. It was modified to match the crescentic shape of the limbus by using 11 and 6 mm trephine. Two wedge‑shaped defects were created and tissue was excised between them, which were then sutured to increase the arc radius. A peripheral flange at the corneal edge was created. A pocket was created in the host cornea to accommodate the donor corneal flange. The donor cornea was tucked in and the graft was sutured. The sclera was used to suture another side prophylactically, making a 360‑degree encirclage. The patient got ambulatory vision postsurgery. The use of the cornea as biological encirclage has not been described previously. Highlights: Using a cross‑linked cornea. Creating wedge‑shaped defects in crescentic corneal graft to increase arc radius. Use of cornea as encirclage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare morphological features of staphyloma (type and grade) with structural and functional outcomes in 11 patients with symptomatic myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM) who underwent macular buckle surgery.Methods: A retrospective observational case series, where a chart review was conducted of the type (Curtin classification) and grade of staphyloma (USG B-scan based). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) macula analysis done preoperatively and postoperatively 1 and 6-8 weeks), Visual acuity was recorded in log mar.Results: With an average myopia of -10.35 D (-5 to -14.5 D), there were four patients with types II and IX staphyloma and seven with type I staphyloma. The average axial length was 28.6 ± 0.98 mm in type II/IX and 26.2 ± 0.8 mm in type I. Preoperative OCT features were outer retinal layer schisis (11), retinal detachment (foveal: 2, macular: 8), macular hole (lamellar: 3, full thickness: 4), and taut posterior hyaloid (3). Postoperatively, patients with type II/IX staphyloma had significant gain in visual acuity from 1.05 ± 0.3 to 0.74 ± 0.2 Log Mar. The structural features also responded better in patients with types II/IX staphyloma, with all patients having more than 90% reduction in schisis and retinal attachment at 6 weeks. Whereas only two patients with type I staphyloma had similar reduction in schisis at 6 weeks and only one had complete retinal attachment.Conclusion: In patients with MTM, the staphyloma characteristics preoperatively can help us prognosticate about structural and functional success after macular buckle surgery. In our small case series, patients with type II/IX staphyloma and larger axial length had better structural and functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Posterior staphyloma is an ocular complication associated with high myopia and reflects degenerative changes on the sclera. Its morphology is associated with chorioretinal atrophy and myopic maculopathy. The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in providing a simple estimation of the staphyloma pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational case-series study of high myopic patients with posterior staphylomas. Patients were examined using the star scan pattern OCT in different radial planes. Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance tomography was also performed to visualize the anatomical characteristics of the posterior pole. 3D-segmentation and curvature analysis were also performed. RESULTS: Eight patients were totally enrolled in this pilot study. Our study pool consisted of 2 wide macular staphylomas, 2 narrow macular staphylomas, and 4 barrel-shaped staphylomas. Our preliminary results revealed that patients displayed mirror-image distortion in the steeper staphyloma axis. In the barrel-shaped subtype, no image distortion was displayed in any plane. CONCLUSION: We estimated the axis of the smaller base curvature by noting the distortion pattern in the different radial axis. The recognition of pathologic axial myopia is important since there is a risk of permanent vision loss from vision to threatening sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Aphakia; staphyloma EN Aphakia staphyloma 2653 2653 1 07/15/22 20220701 NES 220701 A 14-day-old male baby presented to the department of ophthalmology with redness, swelling, and watering in the right eye since birth. Ultrasound B-scan of the globe revealed absence of lens echo in the right eye without any abnormality in the posterior segment [Figure 1]e, [Figure 1]f. Diagnosis of right-eye anterior staphyloma with congenital aphakia was made. [Extracted from the article]

Involvement of the sclera in oculosporidiosis is relatively rare. We report two cases of oculosporidiosis of the bulbar conjunctiva associated with scleral thinning and staphyloma formation. Both cases were successfully treated with conjunctival lesion excision and cryoapplication to the staphyloma, followed by oral dapsone therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]