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Background: Dementia is characterized by neurocognitive decline which interferes with daily function and independence. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is an evidence-based cognitive psychosocial intervention for people with dementia. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study of single-blind RCT design conducted in the Department of Neurology at ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital amongst patients with DSM-V major neurocognitive disorder aged more than 50 years. Participants were randomized to CST and control groups using a block-randomized design. The control group participants received treatment as usual while the CST group delivered 45-min virtual group CST sessions for a total of 14 sessions over seven weeks. All participants in both groups were assessed at baseline and eight weeks using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), neuropsychiatric inventory, instrumental activities of daily living, and Zarit Burden Interview for Caregiver Burden (ZBI) by a rater blind to group randomization. Results: Total MoCA scores improved significantly in the CST group, compared to the control group which showed a statistically significant decrease. The mean total ADAS-Cog score in the CST group improved significantly compared to controls. The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale showed a statistically significant change in the control group compared to the intervention group. From the comparison of the mean total neuropsychiatric inventory scale, it was observed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the severity of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) symptoms in the CST group. The mean total ZBI score decreased significantly in the CST group favoring less caregiver burden. Conclusion: This study proved that CST has a significant impact on cognitive outcomes in dementia and it also proved its effectiveness in controlling the BPSD outcomes and caregiver burden in dementia.

Context: The outcome of schizophrenia (SZ) is impaired psychosocial functioning and poor quality of life (QOL) which is associated with burdens and societal expenditure to the caregivers. Aims: This study was aimed to access the difference in social occupational functioning, QOL, and social support between male and female patients with SZ. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted on persons with SZ visiting the psychiatry outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching institute. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of N = 200 persons with SZ (International Classification of Diseases-10) aged 21–45 years of both genders. The assessment of socio-occupational functioning, QOL, and social support with administering the Social Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFS), World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Scale, and PGI Social Support questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: A Chi-square test was applied for discrete variables and a t-test for continuous variables. An independent sample t-test was used to assess differences between the males and females. Results: Overall, males were more educated than females. Occupationally, there was a significant difference between males and females (P = 0.000). A significant difference (P = 0.000) was found between males and females on total socio-occupational functioning and social support (P = 0.000). The difference between males and females on QOL was observed on perceived physical health (P = 0.000) and psychological health (P = 0.039). Conclusions: This study confirms that there is a definite gender difference in SZ on psychosocial and QOL. Males were physically, psychologically healthier and had better socio-occupational functions as well as strong social support compared to females.

A diverse range of clinical and radiological findings can be seen in a patient with hemophilia. Bleeding in joints and soft tissues occur either spontaneously or with minor trauma. We present images and clinical findings of hemophilic arthropathy in an 18-year-old male who presented with limping, pain, and mild swelling in the left knee joint along with a brief review of the literature.

Intraventricular metastasis is a rare entity encountered in very few malignancies. Although the renal cell carcinoma is the most common primary causing this rare event, due to overall more incidences of lung carcinomas, the intraventricular metastasis by lung cancer is the most common cause. Our patient was a diagnosed case of non-small cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. (NSCLC) with an advanced stage of disease at the time of presentation that resulted in a poor prognosis. The most common metastatic site in non-small cell carcinoma is bone, followed by the lungs, brain, liver, and adrenal glands. The treatment for metastatic NSCLC consists of systemic therapy using cytotoxic and molecularly-targeted agents and palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic metastases. Surgical resection or gamma knife can be considered for those with isolated brain metastasis for better prognosis.

Tumors arising from the cranial nerve sheath are common intracranial neoplasms, with only few articles describing their imaging characteristics. In this present study of four cases of schwannomas originating from the cranial nerves in the head region, we are discussing the radiological features on imaging with the clinical presentation and contrasting them with other differentials in their respective locations. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were done in these cases and correlated with clinical and biopsy findings.

The population bears a huge psychological, social and financial burden due to chronic pain and with its comorbidities it further adds to this burden. There are high rates of co-occurrence of depression and substance abuse, which are often overlooked. Therefore, patients presenting with pain or depression or substance abuse or a combination of these need to be evaluated thoroughly for the presence of the others. We report a case of a patient with primary complaints of pain and depressive symptoms with opioid and benzodiazepine abuse for over 16-18 years and discuss the neurobiological linkage between the three comorbid conditions.

Unplanned pregnancies in women with psychiatric illness are common and result in exposure of the fetus to multiple psychotropics during the first trimester. Literature reveals that olanzapine may rarely cause major malformations and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be associated with primary pulmonary neonatal hypertension. We present a rare case of 39-year-old (middle-aged) female Gravida 4 para 2 abortion 1 live 2, with bipolar affective disorder with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) presenting in the third trimester of her pregnancy. The patient continued 5 mg olanzapine and 150 mg sertraline throughout pregnancy unsupervised. Ultrasonographic findings revealed multiple congenital anomalies in the fetus, and emergency cesarean was conducted in the 32nd week of pregnancy, which was followed by neonatal complications including bradycardia, gasping, absent birth cry and reflexes, and weak gross motor activity and early neonatal death. The anomalies observed in the fetus are similar to the anomalies that have been observed and discussed with psychotropics in the past. Thus, we report this case to understand in naturalistic setting – the complications and risks associated with psychotropic medications in pregnancy along with other physical morbidities including GDM and PIH in the female suffering from bipolar disorder.