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Objectives: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are related to hyperthyroidism. Whether global cognitive function is impaired is unclear. In this study, we intended to investigate whether patients with Graves' disease (GD) are characterized by a lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and gray matter volume loss. Methods: We enrolled 36 patients with GD and 36 healthy controls. Intelligence quotient and other cognitive functions, such as memory and attention, were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was used to measure the gray matter volume for those study participants. Results: Significantly lower IQ scores (p < 0.001) and poor memory function (p < 0.05) were found among the patients with GD. We also found that patients with GD had a nonsignificant larger gray matter volume in the precuneus compared with that in healthy controls. Conclusion: The deficits on global and complex cognitive testing among patients with GD should be noted. We speculate that the larger gray matter volume in the precuneus might be due to compensation.

Objective: Few studies have identified a relationship between cognitive deficits and altered event-related potentials (ERPs), which measure the synchronous activity of neurons in response to a stimulus in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In this study, we intended to explore the relation between cognitive function and ERP in patients with GAD. Methods: Fourteen drug-free participants with GAD and 14 healthy controls were recruited. ERPs were measured, and neuropsychological tests were administered. We compared the differences of the data between two groups of the study participants. Results: Poor performances of full IQ and the numbers of the categories completed on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were found significantly correlated with increased frontal lobe latency in the patients with GAD (Spearman's ρ = −0.70, p < 0.05; Spearman's ρ = −0.85, p < 0.01), respectively, but not in the controls. Conclusion: As ERPs represent an index of information speed, we propose that patients with GAD could exhibit deficits in tasks requiring mental speed.

Objectives: Depression with partial remission and residual symptoms following treatments is common. Elucidating the problems remaining in the remitted patients would help optimize treatment. In this study, we intended to study remission rate and related factors as well as their unresolved problems in patients with treated depressive disorder. Methods: We included 65 medicated patients with depression for 6–12 months. We also chose 65 healthy persons as a control group. The study participants completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), checklists of side effects, Sheehan Disability Scale, World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-brief version, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Remission was defined as a BDI score of ≤ 15. Results: We found that the PSQI score was still higher in the remission group than the control group. Conclusion: Sleep problems, which may still be a commonly unresolved problem in medicated patients with depression, should be noticed by clinicians.

Objective: Few studies have examined the outcome predictors in methamphetamine (MA) use disorder patients referred from the justice system. Craving and personality trait, such as novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA), have important rôles in developing and sustaining addiction. Therefore, we investigated whether craving severity and personality traits are correlated with the MA use disorder treatment outcomes in those under the deferred prosecution status. Methods: We measured craving levels and personality traits of NS and HA at the beginning of a one-year treatment program for MA use disorder. We monitored urinary MA/amphetamine results during the one-year treatment program. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the correlation between craving severity, personality traits, and MA use disorder treatment outcomes. Results: We first enrolled 98 patients, but only 56 patients completed the end-of-treatment assessments. We did not find any association between craving severity, personality traits, and MA treatment outcomes in those populations. But we found that age and percentage of positive urine MA/amphetamine results were significantly related to treatment completion (p < 0.05). Higher percentages of positive urine MA/amphetamine results were also significantly associated with shorter treatment duration (p = 0.01). In addition, positive urine results at baseline were significantly associated with higher percentages of positive urine tests in the following treatment course (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our study data did not find that craving severity and personality traits were associated treatment outcomes in this special population. But urine MA/amphetamine results were more related with completion of programs. Further studies to evaluate the treatment outcomes and other potential outcome predictors in those were referred from the justice system are needed.