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Pulmonary thromboembolism is a common prevalent problem leading to various kinds of morbidities and can be the potential cause of deaths directly or indirectly in approximately onethird of the cases. Early diagnosis accompanied by early treatment has shown to reduce the morbidity. Due to variable clinical presentation and non-specific symptoms, early diagnosis can be challenging at times. Suspecting this entity on plain radiograph can play important role in early detection and use of subsequent image modalities, i.e. CT angiography and/or echocardiography to establish the diagnosis, leading to improved outcomes. This review highlights the role of chest X ray and CT in diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism.

An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in patients suffering from COVID-19, especially if they are elderly, have associated comorbid conditions, and pregnant. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, health-care professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. At the same time, a focused echo examination aimed at correct imaging view acquisition in the shortest possible time is the need of the hour. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on the presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-a-vis positive or suspected for COVID-19. The safety measures and image acquisition have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is one of the greatest technologies, which has a significant contribution in the field of valvular heart disease, especially after the development of real-time (RT) capability in transthoracic as well as transesophageal imaging during the past decade. RT 3D transesophageal echo has provided a simplified imaging tool for the anatomy of mitral valve (MV), including the MV annulus, leaflets, and subvalvular apparatus. Three scallops of anterior and posterior leaflets are easily recognized. This helps in localizing the MV abnormality, for example, MV prolapse and flail MV. This also helps in localizing the mitral regurgitation (MR). Even the quantification of MR has also seen a novel understanding of RT 3D planimetry of MR jet, which is possible by newer machines. Commissural inequality and calcification is well identified, and it helps in choosing the cases for percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. More recently, this technology with RT 3D transesophageal echocardiography has found a role in interventional procedure, for example, balloon mitral valvuloplasty, paravalvular leak closure, and edge-to-edge (MitraClip) repair of degenerative MV.