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Background: The right atrioventricular orifice is guarded by a complex called as tricuspid valve complex. The complex consists of atrioventricular orifice, annulus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. The right atrioventricular orifice passes the blood to the right ventricle in one-way direction, and this orifice is guarded by valve called as tricuspid valve. Tricuspid valve prevents the back flow of blood into the right atrium. Materials and Methods: This study was done on thirty human cadavers, which included 15 male and 15 female cadavers belonging to age group ranging from 50 to 70 years. Diameter of tricuspid valve was recorded using cardiac sizer and circumference of tricuspid valve was calculated by formula c = πd. Results: The average diameter of tricuspid valve in males was 26.06 ± 2.49 mm and in females was 24.33 ± 1.75 mm. The average circumference of tricuspid valve in males was 80.8 ± 7.72 mm and in females was 75.4 ± 5.45 mm. Conclusion: Clinically, during the replacement surgery of the tricuspid valve, surgeons are in need of actual circumference and diameter of tricuspid valve. Hence, the main objectives of this study are to measure the diameter and circumference of the tricuspid valve which will be helpful for cardiac surgeons, invasive cardiologists, and for preparation of synthetic (prosthetics) valve.

Chronic infection of the cornea by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) continues to be an important cause of unilateral blindness. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of the virus at cellular and molecular levels, the prospect of prevention still appears to be long way off. The development of non-toxic topical antiviral agents has been an important step forward in management. However, correct diagnosis and treatment, in particular, the avoidance of inappropriate use of topical steroid remains as important as ever. This article reviews the virological and clinical aspects of HSV keratitis including the current concepts of pathogenesis and management

Introduction: The lungs are a pair of vital organs of respiration which are divided into lobes by fissures. The fissures facilitate the movements of lobes and help in uniform expansion of the whole lungs. The fissure may be complete, incomplete, or absent. The knowledge of position and completeness of fissures and lobes is necessary for an appreciation of lobar anatomy and thus locating bronchopulmonary segments. Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphology of fissures and lobes of lungs. Materials and Methods: Twenty pairs of lungs were taken for the study, obtained from twenty formalin-fixed cadavers. The specimens were thoroughly observed for the pattern of lobes, fissure variations were noted, and the specimens were photographed. Results: Of the twenty right-sided lungs, incomplete oblique fissure was seen in six (30%) lungs. None of the lungs showed the absence of oblique fissure. Incomplete horizontal fissure was seen in ten (50%) lungs, and horizontal fissure was found absent in four (20%) lungs. Among the twenty lungs, four (20%) lungs showed two lobes due to the absence of horizontal fissure and the remaining 16 (80%) lungs showed normal lobar pattern of lungs. On the left side, incomplete oblique fissure was observed in two (25%) lungs, and two (25%) lungs showed the absence of oblique fissure. Due to the absence of oblique fissure, three (15%) specimens showed only one lobe while 17 (85%) lungs showed normal lobar pattern. There was no incidence of the presence of an accessory fissure in either side of the lungs. Conclusion: The present study when compared with a previous work showed a wide range of difference in the lobes and fissures between and among different populations. Knowledge of such variation may be important for performing lobectomies, surgical resections, and correct interpretation of radiological images.

Introduction : Pulmonary vascular disease is a risk factor in the surgical management of patients with d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) and a ventricular septal defect (VSD). In older infants or children with this physiology, the question of operability often arises. Cardiac catheterization in this condition can be fallacious. It is well known that oxygen reduces pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance especially where irreversible pulmonary vascular obstructive disease has still not set in. We tried to implement this effect of oxygen in correlation with echocardiography in patients with TGA-VSD physiology where operability was in question. Methods : Patients with d-TGA and a large post tricuspid shunt in whom operability was considered doubtful were selected for the study. We administered humidified oxygen at the rate of 10 litres/minute by mask for 48 hours in the ward or intensive care unit. After administration of oxygen we reassessed the child echocardiographically looking for signs of lowering of pulmonary vascular resistance which included increased pulmonary venous blood flow to the left atrium (LA) and right to left shunting across the VSD. Observation : We studied 1 patient with d-TGA and aortopulmonary window (APW), 4 patients with TGA / large VSD and 1 patient with Taussig-Bing anomaly. The age of the studied children ranged from 4 months to 3 years with a mean age of 1.1 years. After administering oxygen as described, echocardiogram showed an increase in pulmonary venous blood flow to the LA and right to left shunting across the VSD in 5 patients and increased flow reversal in aorta in presence of the APW. Conclusion : Patients with TGA/VSD physiology with doubtful operability can be subjected to this method of determining operability using echocardiography after administering oxygen. Although not 100% accurate in predicting long term postoperative pulmonary hypertension, this is a simple, noninvasive method that can aid in decision making in such a situation.

We present a 5 month old baby who was referred for an incidental detection of a murmur and was found to have tortuous pulmonary arteries with multiple peripheral pulmonary stenoses and bilateral inguinal hernia pointing towards the diagnosis of arterial tortuosity syndrome.