288 results
Search Results
2. WHO position paper on dengue vaccines--May 2024/Note de synthese: position de l'OMS sur les vaccines contre la dengue--mai 2024
- Subjects
Biological products industry ,Vaccination ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Dengue -- Development and progression ,Medical policy ,B cells ,Public health ,Government ,Health ,University of London. Imperial College of Science and Technology - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide normative guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations [...]
- Published
- 2024
3. Meningococcal vaccines: WHO position paper on the use of multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines in countries of the African meningitis belt/ Note de synthese: position de l'OMS sur l'utilisation des vaccins antimeningococciques conjugues multivalents dans les pays de la ceinture africaine de la meningite
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Meningitis ,Biological products industry ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Medical policy ,Public health ,Vaccines ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide normative guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations [...]
- Published
- 2024
4. WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines--October 2022/Note de synthese: position de l'OMS concernant les vaccins contre l'hepatite A--Octobre 2022
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Hepatitis A ,Biological products industry ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Vaccination ,Medical policy ,Public health ,Hepatitis A vaccine ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide normative guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations [...]
- Published
- 2022
5. Polio vaccines: WHO position paper--June 2022/ Vaccins antipoliomyelitiques: note de synthese de l'OMS--juin 2022
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Neomycin ,Vaccination ,Medical policy ,Public health ,Vaccines ,Government ,Health - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of [...]
- Published
- 2022
6. Understanding the behavioural and social drivers of vaccine uptake WHO position paper--May 2022/Comprendre les facteurs comportementaux et sociaux de l'adoption des vaccins Note de synthese de l'OMS--mai 2022
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SAGE Publications Inc. ,Biological products industry ,Vaccination ,Medical policy ,Book publishing ,Public health ,Vaccines ,Automobile drivers ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with the WHO's mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, the organization regularly issues position papers on vaccination, particularly when they relate to [...]
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- 2022
7. Vaccines against influenza: WHO position paper--May 2022
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Vaccination ,Influenza vaccines ,Medical policy ,Influenza ,Public health ,Laninamivir ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines [...]
- Published
- 2022
8. Malaria vaccine: WHO position paper--March 2022/Note de synthese: position de l'OMS a propos du vaccin antipaludique--mars 2022
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Malaria vaccine ,Medical policy ,Pyrimethamine ,Public health ,Malaria ,Vaccines ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of [...]
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- 2022
9. Establishing the impact of WHO's normative and standard-setting functions: a call for papers
- Author
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Askie, Lisa M., Thomas, Rebekah A.L., Kim, Rok Ho, Sheikh, Mubashar, and Farrar, Jeremy
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Medical policy ,Public health ,International agencies ,Health ,World Health Organization -- Standards - Abstract
Normative leadership is a core function of the World Health Organization's (WHO) mandate, as outlined in its founding principles. (1) This leadership role is realized by developing evidence-based and ethically [...]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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10. Rotavirus vaccines: WHO position paper--July 2021/Vaccins antirotavirus: Note de synthese de l'OMS--Juillet 2021
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Medical policy ,Public health ,Vaccines ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization ,Rotarix (Vaccine) - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO regularly issues position papers on vaccines against diseases that have an international public health [...]
- Published
- 2021
11. Strengthening the linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV: a call for papers.
- Author
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Lusti-Narasimhan M and Van Look P
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- Global Health, HIV Infections epidemiology, Health Services Research, Humans, Social Marketing, HIV Infections prevention & control, Health Promotion statistics & numerical data, Public Health statistics & numerical data, Reproductive Health Services statistics & numerical data, Women's Health Services statistics & numerical data
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper--July 2020/Note de synthese: position de l'OMS concernant les vaccins antirubeoleux
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Vaccines ,Health policy ,Public health ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines [...]
- Published
- 2020
13. White Paper for the WHO International Meeting of World Pharmacopoeias: Value of Pharmacopoeial Standards for Access to Quality Medicines
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Drugs -- Quality management -- Standards ,Public health ,Health ,World Health Organization -- Standards - Abstract
Introduction In healthcare systems around the world, medicines play an important role in treating illness, preventing disease, and ultimately, saving lives. In a broader sense, medicines are valuable to society [...]
- Published
- 2020
14. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper February 2019/Vaccins antipneumococciques conjugues chez les nourrissons et les enfants de moins de 5 ans: note de synthese de I'OMS-fevrier 2019
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Bacterial vaccines -- Standards -- Usage -- Composition ,Pediatric communicable diseases -- Care and treatment ,Pneumococcal infections -- Care and treatment -- Diagnosis ,Vaccines ,Tetanus toxoid ,Health policy ,Diphtheria toxoid ,Infants ,Public health ,Vaccination ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization -- Records and correspondence -- Standards - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of [...]
- Published
- 2019
15. Polio vaccines: WHO position paper--March, 2016/Note de synthese de l'OMS sur les vaccins antipoliomyelitiques--mars 2016
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Vaccines ,Public health ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of [...]
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- 2016
16. Lessons for effective COVID-19 policy responses: a call for papers
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Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Yamamoto, Naoko, Topothai, Chompoonut, Pangkariya, Nattanicha, Patcharanarumol, Walaiporn, and Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong
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Free enterprise ,Public health ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
As of 19 March 2021, 121 million cases and over 2.6 million deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been reported to the World Health Organization. While heads of [...]
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- 2021
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17. Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper--November 2012/Note de synthese de l'OMS concernant les vaccins antigrippaux--novembre 2012
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Influenza vaccines ,Medical policy ,Influenza -- Development and progression ,Public health ,Government ,Health - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines [...]
- Published
- 2012
18. Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis: WHO position paper/Note de synthese: position de l'OMS sur les vaccins contre l'encephalite a tiques
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Encephalitis -- Development and progression ,Public health ,Vaccines ,Government ,Health - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines [...]
- Published
- 2011
19. African Medicines Regulatory Harmonization Initiative (AMRHI): a WHO concept paper
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World Health Organization ,Developing countries ,Public health ,Drugs - Abstract
Essential medicines save lives and improve health when they are available, affordable, of assured quality and properly used. However, lack of access to essential medicines remains one of the most [...]
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- 2008
20. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper (2022 update).
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TUMOR risk factors , *PAPILLOMAVIRUSES , *HEALTH policy , *IMMUNIZATION , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL protocols , *HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines , *PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases , *GENITAL warts , *PATIENT safety , *DISEASE risk factors , *DISEASE complications ,TUMOR prevention ,CERVIX uteri tumors - Abstract
The article presents the updated position paper of the World Health Organization (WHO) about vaccines and vaccination against diseases caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) as of December 2022. The focus is the prevention of cervical cancer using the prophylactic HPV vaccination. Also cited is the association of HPV infection with cancers of the head, neck, oropharynx, and anogenital areas.
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- 2022
21. Influenza in the 21st century: a call for papers
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Tim Nguyen, Adrienne May Rashford, and Charles R. Penn
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education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,business.industry ,Public health ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Editorials ,medicine.disease_cause ,Global Health ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,International Health Regulations ,Herd immunity ,Influenza Vaccines ,Environmental health ,Immunology ,Pandemic ,Influenza, Human ,Human mortality from H5N1 ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,business ,Disease burden - Abstract
Influenza, in its zoonotic, seasonal epidemic and pandemic forms, remains a substantial global public health threat. The continuous circulation and re-assortment of influenza viruses in nature represents an ever-present public health threat to both animals and people. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus has exacted a heavy toll on poultry farming and the national economies of affected countries since its initial emergence in 1997 and subsequent geographical spread. Although human infections with this avian virus are rare, such infections are severe and death has occurred in 60% of all documented cases.1 Concern about the pandemic potential of H5N1 spearheaded a renewed focus on pandemic planning and response worldwide. This virus remains a potential pandemic threat. Human infection with influenza can vary from asymptomatic infection and acute self-limiting upper respiratory tract disease to serious complicated illness that may include exacerbation of other underlying conditions and severe viral pneumonia. The very young, the elderly and persons with chronic medical conditions typically face the highest risks of death and serious complications from annual seasonal influenza.2 Seasonal influenza epidemics can affect up to 15% of the population and result in up to 500 000 deaths worldwide each year. Influenza pandemics can have an even bigger impact in the wider population, including younger age groups, because of a lack of population immunity to the new strain.3,4 Influenza is, however, both a vaccine-preventable and treatable disease. Opportunities remain for the improvement of both vaccines and treatments, and for ensuring wider equitable and affordable access to these interventions, so that the morbidity and mortality from seasonal, zoonotic and pandemic influenza can be reduced. In many under-resourced countries, the magnitude and scope of the influenza burden are poorly understood. Prevention and control measures are ceded a low priority due to competing public health priorities.5 Furthermore, the 2009 influenza pandemic has left some uncertainty and controversy over the public health impact of influenza. The historical legacy of the severe 1918 pandemic, and the very high case-fatality rate of human infections with avian (H5N1) influenza, contrast with the milder pandemics of 1968 and 2009. The global response to the 2009 pandemic has provided a substantial amount of new experience and evidence in public health responses to influenza, its treatment and prevention. The World Health Assembly (through the International Health Regulations Review Committee) has reviewed the global response to the pandemic,6 as have some national governments.7 At a meeting of Member States and World Health Organization (WHO) regional offices in October 2010,8 participants discussed the need to publish evaluations of the measures implemented during the 2009 pandemic. They asked WHO to support the publication of evidence-based experiences, especially in the light of the proposed revision of the pandemic preparedness and response guidance, while simultaneously using the global interest in the pandemic to strengthen approaches to seasonal and zoonotic influenza threats. To build on this, and to capture a range of experiences in influenza, the Bulletin plans to publish a special theme issue on Influenza in the 21st century. This issue will address the public health importance of influenza, including lessons and experiences from the past few years, as well as an agenda for future action and research. One of the key aims of this theme issue will be to strengthen the discussion on public health policy and outcomes to complement the more detailed scientific reports published in many scientific and medical journals and to provide a stronger evidence base for policy and planning decisions. We welcome papers for all sections of the Bulletin and encourage authors to consider contributions that address any of the following topics: disease burden assessments in low-income countries, since information in this area is scarce; vaccination implementation and policy, particularly on the cost and public health benefit of vaccination programmes; and the evaluation of non-pharmaceutical public health measures since these are widely described as control measures, but there is less published evidence on their effectiveness than for pharmaceutical interventions (vaccines and medicines). In particular, we seek submission of papers that document experiences from low-resource settings. The deadline for submissions is 20 October 2011. Manuscripts should respect the Guidelines for contributors and mention this call for papers in a covering letter. All submissions will go through the Bulletin's peer review process. Please submit to: http://submit.bwho.org
- Published
- 2011
22. Strengthening the linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV: a call for papers
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Paul F.A. Van Look and Manjula Lusti-Narasimhan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,HIV Infections ,Health Promotion ,Global Health ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Environmental health ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Health policy ,Reproductive health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health services research ,Editorials ,medicine.disease ,Women's Health Services ,Health promotion ,Social Marketing ,Health education ,Reproductive Health Services ,Health Services Research ,Public Health ,business - Abstract
Since the first cases of HIV infection were reported almost three decades ago, several initiatives and agencies, including the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, have been set up to deal with what has become an epidemic. It is estimated that in developing countries alone almost US$ 10 billion have been invested to fight the HIV epidemic.1 Much of this financing has been targeted at providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and this is showing results. At the end of 2007, nearly 3 million people (about 31% of those in need) were receiving ARTs in low- and middle-income countries.2 However, when we ask ourselves what more could be done, it becomes strikingly apparent that efforts to prevent HIV infection have fallen behind those put into HIV treatment and care. In this aspect, promoting sexual and reproductive health is an important strategy to ensure that people have the knowledge and ability to protect themselves not only against unintended pregnancies but also, importantly, against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Moreover, with the availability of ARTs, people infected with HIV are living longer, healthier lives, resulting in the need to provide them with better services that meet their sexual and reproductive health needs and respect their rights. A Bulletin theme issue on strengthening the linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV will explore some of the reasons why the public health community needs to bridge the gaps that exist between these two critical aspects of public health. It will include the latest research and best practices in this area, but also explore how these linkages permeate and are relevant to issues such as environment and poverty. Its overall objective is twofold: to raise awareness about the importance of collaboration between the sexual and reproductive health and HIV constituencies; and to highlight successful interventions and policies that can enable the attainment of internationally agreed goals and targets. International commitments and policies have increasingly emphasized the need for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support as well as universal access to sexual and reproductive health. Scaling-up effective and comprehensive services that address sexual and reproductive health needs, including HIV testing, treatment, care and support, is therefore among the most cost-effective and efficient means of attaining such universal access.3 The public health community can help build cost-effective and sustainable national health-care systems by avoiding missed opportunities resulting from inadequate linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV. For example, even in countries where health systems are weak, as many as 70% of pregnant women4 manage to attend at least one antenatal care visit, but only about 11% currently gain access to HIV testing and counselling and ART prophylaxis interventions during pregnancy and childbirth.5 The rationale for strengthening linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV is that both fields directly concern men, women and young people who are sexually active. The success of policies and programmes related to either sexual and reproductive health or HIV is directly linked to how we tackle the key issues and determine priority interventions. For example, side-stepping issues related to unsafe sex, for political, cultural, financial or other reasons, only aggravates the public health challenges and hampers progress. More than 80% of HIV infections are sexually transmitted6 and, every year, unsafe sex results in some 80 million unwanted pregnancies,7 340 million curable sexually transmitted infections8 and 2 million people with new HIV infections.9 Given these stark statistics, it becomes imperative to strengthen linkages between these two areas of work. Strengthening linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV has the potential to accelerate the attainment of universal access to health care and thereby the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. By minimizing missed opportunities, we can increase access to and coverage of services for more people, including vulnerable populations, ensure services for people living with HIV that meet their needs and respect their rights, address issues of stigma and discrimination, and promote safe and responsible sexual behaviour for all. The deadline for submissions to this issue is 15 March 2009. Manuscripts should be submitted to http://submit.bwho.org and should conform to the Guidelines for Contributors, available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/current_guidelines/en/index.html. They should be accompanied by a cover letter mentioning this call for papers. All submissions will be subject to the Bulletin’s usual peer review procedure. ■
- Published
- 2008
23. Establishing an evidence base for e-health: a call for papers
- Author
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Najeeb Al Shorbaji and Antoine Geissbuhler
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Intersection (set theory) ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Alternative medicine ,Editorials ,Public relations ,Health informatics ,Field (geography) ,Term (time) ,Health care ,medicine ,The Internet ,business - Abstract
In 2001 Eysenbach defined e-health as “an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related tech-nologies. In a broader sense, the term characterizes not only a technical devel-opment, but also a state-of-mind, a way of thinking, an attitude, and a commit-ment for networked, global thinking, to improve health care locally, regionally and worldwide by using information and communication technology.”
- Published
- 2011
24. When medicine rediscovered its social roots.
- Author
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Fathalla MF
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- Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Status Indicators, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Public Health
- Published
- 2000
25. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper -- March 2018.
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TYPHOID fever treatment , *COST effectiveness , *DRUG resistance in microorganisms , *IMMUNIZATION , *MEDICAL protocols , *PRIORITY (Philosophy) , *PUBLIC health , *SAFETY , *TYPHOID fever , *TYPHOID vaccines , *AT-risk people , *PREVENTION ,TYPHOID fever diagnosis ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
The article reports that the World Health Organization has issued a series of position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. Topics include the use of GRADE methodology to assess the quality of the available evidence, a weblink that features description of the processes followed for the development of vaccine position papers, and inter- and intra-country heterogeneity in typhoid fever incidence in Asia and Africa.
- Published
- 2018
26. BCG vaccines: WHO position paper - February 2018.
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BCG immunotherapy , *DRUG therapy for Hansen's disease , *DRUG therapy for tuberculosis , *BCG vaccines , *IMMUNIZATION , *MEDICAL protocols , *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis , *PUBLIC health , *INFORMATION resources , *BURULI ulcer , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
The article reports that the World Health Organization has issued a series of position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. Topics mentioned include recommendations on the use of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine for the prevention of leprosy, and the estimated number of people around the world to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- 2018
27. Reporting the findings of clinical trials: a discussion paper.
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Ghersi, D., Clarke, M., Berlin, J., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Kush, R., Lumbiganon, P., Moher, D., Rockhold, F., Sim, I., and Wager, E.
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CLINICAL trials , *MEDICAL care research , *DISCLOSURE , *CLINICAL medicine research , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
The article discusses principles underlying the position proposed by the World Health Organization Registry Platform Working Group on the Reporting of Findings of Clinical Trials which states that the findings of all clinical trials must be made publicly available. According to the authors, a significant proportion of health-care research remains unpublished and some researchers do not make all of their results available. They contend that the report is the start of a consultation process on how transparency can be achieved, with the intention that greater accessibility to the findings of clinical trials will lead to improvements in health care.
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Polio vaccines and polio immunization in the pre-eradication era: WHO position paper.
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POLIO prevention , *IMMUNIZATION , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL personnel ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article presents the position paper of the World Health Organization (WHO) on polio vaccines and polio immunization in the pre-eradication period. It notes that the position paper includes topics on routine polio immunization during the pre-eradication era, specifically in developing countries. It stresses that the said resource is designed for use mainly by national public health officials and managers of immunization programmes.
- Published
- 2010
29. Rabies vaccines WHO position paper.
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VACCINATION , *VACCINES , *HEALTH promotion , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *PUBLIC health , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article discusses the position papers on vaccines and vaccine combinations against diseases published by the World Health Organization (WHO). The regularly updated position papers summarize essential background information on the respective diseases and vaccines and conclude with the current WHO position concerning their use in the global context. The papers are designed for use mainly by national public health officials and immunization programme managers.
- Published
- 2007
30. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization - WHO position paper.
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HEALTH policy , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *IMMUNIZATION of children , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
The article presents the new health policy issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the regulation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization. The WHO has issued a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines as well as vaccines combinations against diseases having international public health risks. Furthermore, the said position papers are intended to replace the existing papers about the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among young children.
- Published
- 2007
31. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper.
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RABIES vaccines , *IMMUNIZATION , *PUBLIC health , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *RABIES prevention , *RABIES , *DRUG administration , *DRUG dosage , *ECONOMICS , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *PATHOLOGICAL physiology , *STANDARDS , *VACCINATION , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The article presents a position paper on human rabies vaccines from the World Health Organization (WHO). It tackles the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes, and explores combinations of vaccines that have an international public health impact. It incorporates developments in human rabies vaccine and provides grading tables that evaluate the quality of its scientific evidence.
- Published
- 2010
32. Communicable diseases in south-east Asia: call for papers.
- Author
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Narain, Jai P. and Shah, Naman K.
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PREVENTION of communicable diseases , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *MEDICAL microbiology , *REPORTING of diseases , *PUBLIC health , *EXECUTIVE advisory bodies , *CHARITABLE uses, trusts, & foundations , *HEALTH risk assessment - Abstract
The article focuses on the innovative strategies being implemented to address various issues related to the communicable diseases in South-East Asia. It states that Multidrug-resistant malaria, including artemisinin resistance at the border of Cambodia and Thailand, threatens to jeopardize the provision of effective antimalarial treatment worldwide. According to the article, the social insurance scheme in Thailand, national rural health mission in India, and the partnership between the government and non government in Bangladesh are examples of those who are taking steps to address the concerns of the poor and to ensure equity and social justice in health area.
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- 2008
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33. Health impacts of climate change and geopolitics: a call for papers.
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Phonsuk, Payao, Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong, Patcharanarumol, Walaiporn, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, and Tangcharoensathien, Viroj
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CARBON dioxide , *CLIMATE change , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *HEALTH promotion , *HEALTH services accessibility , *HEALTH status indicators , *MENTAL health , *NATURE , *PRACTICAL politics , *POPULATION geography , *PUBLIC health , *SERIAL publications , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *PARTICULATE matter - Abstract
The authors offer observation on health impacts of climate change and geopolitics. Topics discussed include increase in global carbon dioxide emissions in 2018, direct health effects of the main drivers of climate changes like fossil fuel, and how climate change affects agriculture. It also mentions goal set by the 2015 Paris Agreement and ways geopolitics influenced the allocation of foreign assistance.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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34. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper.
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TYPHOID vaccines , *TYPHOID fever , *PUBLIC health , *IMMUNIZATION , *SALMONELLA - Abstract
The article discusses the report of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the update on typhoid fever vaccine. The report serves as a guide for national public health officials on the use of vaccines in immunization programmes. Typhoid fever has been a public health concern in Asia, Africa and Latin America caused by pathogen Salmonella enterica which affects 5-15 years old school children.
- Published
- 2008
35. WHO Position Paper on Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines.
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HAEMOPHILUS influenzae , *VACCINATION , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *INFLUENZA vaccines , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
The article presents the policy and position of the World Health Organization in relation to the use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines. It is estimated that at least 386,000 deaths each year are caused due to the Hib disease. WHO has recommended these vaccines to be included in all routine infant immunization programmes. The designated policy is meant primarily to guide national public health officials, the medical community and scientific media in the matter.
- Published
- 2006
36. Behavioural and social sciences for better health: call for papers.
- Author
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Altieri, Elena, Grove, John, Bach Habersaat, Katrine, Michie, Susan, and Sunstein, Cass R.
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BEHAVIOR modification , *HEALTH attitudes , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH promotion , *MANUSCRIPTS , *HEALTH policy , *PSYCHOLOGY , *PUBLIC health , *SOCIAL sciences , *HEALTH literacy - Abstract
The authors provide invitation for practitioners and researchers to submit reports on the opportunities that behavioural and social sciences offer in achieving health for all. Topics mentioned include the challenge of factoring behavioural evidence into health policies and programmes, the need for global community of experts to offer easy access to evidence, tools, expertise, and examples of use, and a multidisciplinary technical advisory group for behavioural insights and sciences for health.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A practical agenda for incorporating trust into pandemic preparedness and response.
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Bollyky, Thomas J. and Petersen, Michael Bang
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PREVENTION of epidemics , *POLICY sciences , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *HEALTH policy , *COMMUNITIES , *PANDEMIC preparedness , *TRUST , *COMMUNICATION , *EPIDEMICS , *MEDICAL emergencies , *PUBLIC administration , *PUBLIC health , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *EMERGENCY management , *COOPERATIVENESS - Abstract
Despite widespread acknowledgement that trust is important in a pandemic, few concrete proposals exist on how to incorporate trust into preparing for the next health crisis. One reason is that building trust is rightly perceived as slow and challenging. Although trust in public institutions and one another is essential in preparing for a pandemic, countries should plan for the possibility that efforts to instil or restore trust may fail. Incorporating trust into pandemic preparedness means acknowledging that polarization, partisanship and misinformation may persist and engaging with communities as they currently are, not as we would wish them to be. This paper presents a practical policy agenda for incorporating mistrust as a risk factor in pandemic preparedness and response planning. We propose two sets of evidence-based strategies: (i) strategies for ensuring the trust that already exists in a community is sustained during a crisis, such as mitigating pandemic fatigue by health interventions and honest and transparent sense-making communication; and (ii) strategies for promoting cooperation in communities where people mistrust their governments and neighbours, sometimes for legitimate, historical reasons. Where there is mistrust, pandemic preparedness and responses must rely less on coercion and more on tailoring local policies and building partnerships with community institutions and leaders to help people overcome difficulties they encounter in cooperating with public health guidance. The regular monitoring of interpersonal and government trust at national and local levels is a way of enabling this context-specific pandemic preparedness and response planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Climate finance opportunities for health and health systems.
- Author
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Borghi, Josephine, Cuevas Garcia-Dorado, Soledad, Anton, Blanca, Gerardo, Domenico, Gasparri, Giulia, Hanson, Mark, Soucat, Agnès, Bustreo, Flavia, and Langlois, Etienne V.
- Subjects
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MIDDLE-income countries , *MEDICAL care use , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *POLICY sciences , *NET losses , *GREENHOUSE effect , *ENDOWMENTS , *CLIMATE change , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *SUSTAINABILITY , *ECONOMICS , *TAXATION , *FINANCIAL management , *HEALTH care industry , *GREENHOUSE gases , *PUBLIC health , *HEALTH promotion , *NEEDS assessment , *LOW-income countries , *MEDICAL care costs , *WELL-being - Abstract
Climate change poses significant risks to health and health systems, with the greatest impacts in low- and middle-income countries - which are least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. The Conference of Parties 28 at the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference led to agreement on the need for holistic and equitable financing approaches to address the climate and health crisis. This paper provides an overview of existing climate finance mechanisms - that is, multilateral funds, voluntary market-based mechanisms, taxes, microlevies and adaptive social protection. We discuss these approaches' potential use to promote health, generate additional health sector resources and enhance health system sustainability and resilience, and also explore implementation challenges. We suggest that public health practitioners, policy-makers and researchers seize the opportunity to leverage climate funding for better health and sustainable, climate-resilient health systems. Emphasizing the wider benefits of investing in health for the economy can help prioritize health within climate finance initiatives. Meaningful progress will require the global community acknowledging the underlying political economy challenges that have so far limited the potential of climate finance to address health goals. To address these challenges, we need to restructure financing institutions to empower communities at the frontline of the climate and health crisis and ensure their needs are met. Efforts from global and national level stakeholders should focus on mobilizing a wide range of funding sources, prioritizing co-design and accessibility of financing arrangements. These stakeholders should also invest in rigorous monitoring and evaluation of initiatives to ensure relevant health and well-being outcomes are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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39. New ethical challenges of digital technologies, machine learning and artificial intelligence in public health: a call for papers.
- Author
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Zandi, Diana, Reis, Andreas, Vayena, Effy, and Goodman, Kenneth
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- *
ALGORITHMS , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *HEALTH promotion , *INFORMATION technology , *INTERNET , *MACHINE learning , *MEDICAL technology , *PUBLIC health , *SERIAL publications , *DECISION making in clinical medicine - Abstract
The authors report on the plan of the "Bulletin of the World Health Organization" (WHO) to publish a theme issue on new ethical challenges of digital technologies, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in public health. The aim is to show ethical and governance matters that artificial intelligence applications are raising in public health. The deadline for submission is May 15, 2019. WHO Member States are said to be adopting the use of digital technologies in the health sector.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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40. Integrating economics into the rationale for multisectoral action on obesity.
- Author
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Ellis, Vivian L. and Milliken, Olga V.
- Subjects
- *
INTERVENTION (Federal government) , *ECONOMICS , *OBESITY - Abstract
Obesity is a compelling example of the challenges of championing and mobilizing a response that involves the whole of government and all of society. This paper discusses the need for economic rationales to strengthen the case for government intervention on obesity, with a view to better engaging the expertise and resources of nonhealth sectors. The paper also briefly reviews economic theory and evidence that could support an integrated multisectoral rationale for action, noting opportunities to expand the integration of economic evidence in the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Mumps vaccines/Vaccins antiourliens
- Subjects
Biological products industry ,Vaccination ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Medical policy ,Public health ,Vaccines ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide normative guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers (1) on vaccines and [...]
- Published
- 2024
42. Diretrizes de 2021 da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial: repercussões para as políticas na Região das Américas.
- Author
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Campbell, Norm R. C., Paccot Burnens, Melanie, Whelton, Paul K., Angell, Sonia Y., Jaffe, Marc G., Cohn, Jennifer, Espinosa Brito, Alfredo, Irazola, Vilma, Brettler, Jeffrey W., Roccella, Edward J., Maldonado Figueredo, Javier Isaac, Rosende, Andres, and Ordunez., Pedro
- Subjects
- *
BLOOD pressure , *HEALTH equity , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *DRUG therapy , *CAUSES of death - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Americas and raised blood pressure accounts for over 50% of CVD. In the Americas over a quarter of adult women and four in ten adult men have hypertension and the diagnosis, treatment and control are suboptimal. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an updated guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. This policy paper highlights the facilitating role of the WHO Global HEARTS initiative and the HEARTS in the Americas initiative to catalyze the implementation of this guideline, provides specific policy advice for implementation, and emphasizes that an overarching strategic approach for hypertension control is needed. The authors urge health advocates and policymakers to prioritize the prevention and control of hypertension to improve the health and wellbeing of their populations and to reduce CVD health disparities within and between populations of the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del 2021 sobre el tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión: implicaciones de política para la Región de las Américas.
- Author
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Campbell, Norm R. C., Paccot Burnens, Melanie, Whelton, Paul K., Angell, Sonia Y., Jaffe, Marc G., Cohn, Jennifer, Espinosa Brito, Alfredo, Irazola, Vilma, Brettler, Jeffrey W., Roccella, Edward J., Maldonado Figueredo, Javier Isaac, Rosende, Andres, and Ordunez, Pedro
- Subjects
- *
BLOOD pressure , *HEALTH equity , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *DRUG therapy , *CAUSES of death - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the Americas and raised blood pressure accounts for over 50% of CVD. In the Americas over a quarter of adult women and four in ten adult men have hypertension and the diagnosis, treatment and control are suboptimal. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an updated guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. This policy paper highlights the facilitating role of the WHO Global HEARTS initiative and the HEARTS in the Americas initiative to catalyze the implementation of this guideline, provides specific policy advice for implementation, and emphasizes that an over-arching strategic approach for hypertension control is needed. The authors urge health advocates and policymakers to prioritize the prevention and control of hypertension to improve the health and wellbeing of their populations and to reduce CVD health disparities within and between populations of the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Mathematical and statistical models for the control of mosquito-borne diseases: the experience of Costa Rica.
- Author
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Vásquez, Paola, Sanchez, Fabio, Barboza, Luis A., García, Yury E., Calvo, Juan G., Shu-Wei Chou-Chen, and Mery, Gustavo
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICAL models , *MATHEMATICAL models , *MACHINE learning , *MOSQUITO-borne diseases , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *LYME disease - Abstract
Objective. To summarize the results of research conducted in Costa Rica in which mathematical and statistical methods were implemented to study the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods. Three articles with mathematical and statistical analysis on vector-borne diseases in Costa Rica were selected and reviewed. These papers show the value and relevance of using different quantitative methods to understand disease dynamics and support decision-making. Results. The results of these investigations: 1) show the impact on dengue case reports when a second pathogen emerges, such as chikungunya; 2) recover key parameters in Zika dynamics using Bayesian inference; and 3) show the use of machine learning algorithms and climatic variables to forecast the dengue relative risk in five different locations. Conclusions. Mathematical and statistical modeling enables the description of mosquito-borne disease transmission dynamics, providing quantitative information to support prevention/control methods and resource allocation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Promotion of behavioural change for health in a heterogeneous population.
- Author
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Schimmelpfennig, Robin, Vogt, Sonja, Ehret, Sönke, and Efferson, Charles
- Subjects
- *
SMOKING prevention , *HEALTH policy , *IMMUNIZATION , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL protocols , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH attitudes , *HEALTH promotion , *BEHAVIOR modification , *PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Public health policy often involves implementing cost-efficient, large-scale interventions. When mandating or forbidding a specific behaviour is not permissible, public health professionals may draw on behaviour change interventions to achieve socially beneficial policy objectives. Interventions can have two main effects: (i) a direct effect on people initially targeted by the intervention; and (ii) an indirect effect mediated by social influence and by the observation of other people's behaviour. However, people's attitudes and beliefs can differ markedly throughout the population, with the result that these two effects can interact to produce unexpected, unhelpful and counterintuitive consequences. Public health professionals need to understand this interaction better. This paper illustrates the key principles of this interaction by examining two important areas of public health policy: tobacco smoking and vaccination. The example of antismoking campaigns shows when and how public health professionals can amplify the effects of a behaviour change intervention by taking advantage of the indirect pathway. The example of vaccination campaigns illustrates how underlying incentive structures, particularly anticoordination incentives, can interfere with the indirect effect of an intervention and stall efforts to scale up its implementation. Recommendations are presented on how public health professionals can maximize the total effect of behaviour change interventions in heterogeneous populations based on these concepts and examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: the national health response.
- Author
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Khan, Anas, Alsofayan, Yousef, Alahmari, Ahmed, Alowais, Jalal, Algwizani, Abdullah, Alserehi, Haleema, Assiri, Abdullah, and Jokhdar, Hani
- Abstract
Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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47. National public health law: a role for WHO in capacity-building and promoting transparency.
- Author
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Marks-Sultan G, Tsai FJ, Anderson E, Kastler F, Sprumont D, and Burris S
- Subjects
- Capacity Building legislation & jurisprudence, Disaster Planning, Health Policy, Humans, Public Health Practice legislation & jurisprudence, Capacity Building organization & administration, Delivery of Health Care legislation & jurisprudence, Global Health legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence, World Health Organization organization & administration
- Abstract
A robust health infrastructure in every country is the most effective long-term preparedness strategy for global health emergencies. This includes not only health systems and their human resources, but also countries' legal infrastructure for health: the laws and policies that empower, obligate and sometimes limit government and private action. The law is also an important tool in health promotion and protection. Public health professionals play important roles in health law - from the development of policies, through their enforcement, to the scientific evaluation of the health impact of laws. Member States are already mandated to communicate their national health laws and regulations to the World Health Organization (WHO). In this paper we propose that WHO has the authority and credibility to support capacity-building in the area of health law within Member States, and to make national laws easier to access, understand, monitor and evaluate. We believe a strong case can be made to donors for the funding of a public health law centre or unit, that has adequate staffing, is robustly networked with its regional counterparts and is integrated into the main work of WHO. The mission of the unit or centre would be to define and integrate scientific and legal expertise in public health law, both technical and programmatic, across the work of WHO, and to conduct and facilitate global health policy surveillance.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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48. Lessons from a global antimicrobial resistance surveillance network/Lecons tirees d'un reseau mondial de surveillance de la resistance aux antimicrobiens/Lecciones de una red mundial de vigilancia de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos
- Author
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Ruppe, Etienne
- Subjects
Beta lactamases ,Drug resistance in microorganisms ,Antibacterial agents ,Public health ,Social networks ,Escherichia coli ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
The World Health Organization developed the Tricycle surveillance programme to obtain a global picture of antimicrobial resistance, especially in countries with limited surveillance capacity. The programme was developed within a One Health perspective. Tricycle provides a framework for applying a standardized technical protocol to determining the prevalence of extended-spectrum [beta]-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in three sectors: the human, animal and environment sectors. Regular use of the protocol would enable information to be obtained on time trends and on inter- and intraregional variations, thereby generating dynamic data on antibacterial resistance for decision-makers. To date, 19 countries have begun implementing the Tricycle protocol, while other countries will start implementation in the coming years. The Network for Enhancing Tricycle ESBL Surveillance Efficiency (NETESE) was established to support countries implementing the Tricycle protocol. Currently, NETESE includes representatives from 15 institutions in eight low- or middle-income countries at different stages of Tricycle protocol implementation, and from four European countries involved in devising the protocol. This paper describes the Tricycle protocol, reports the initial experiences of NETESE participants with its implementation and discusses future challenges and opportunities. L'Organisation mondiale de la Sante a developpe le programme de surveillance Tricycle afin d'avoir une vue globale de la resistance aux antimicrobiens, en particulier dans les pays oU les capacites de surveillance sont limitees. Ce programme a ete mis au point selon l'approche <>. Tricycle etablit le cadre d'application d'un protocole technique standardise qui vise a mesurer la prevalence de souches d'Escherichia coli productrices de [beta]-lactamase a spectre etendu (BLSE) dans trois secteurs: humain, animal et environnemental. Lusage regulier du protocole permettrait d'obtenir des informations sur l'evolution dans le temps et les variations inter- et intraregionales, ce qui genererait des donnees dynamiques sur la resistance aux antimicrobiens pour les decideurs. A ce jour, 19 pays se sont lances dans la mise en place du protocole Tricycle, tandis que d'autres prevoient de le faire dans les annees a venir. Le reseau NETESE (Network for Enhancing Tricycle ESBL Surveillance Efficiency) a ete cree pour les aider a appliquer ce protocole. Actuellement, le reseau NETESE reunit des representants de 15 institutions dans huit pays a revenu faible ou intermediaire a differents stades de mise en oeuvre du protocole Tricycle, ainsi que quatre pays europeens impliques dans sa conception. Le present document decrit le protocole Tricycle, partage les premieres experiences des participants au reseau NETESE en matiere de deploiement, et aborde les futurs defis et opportunites qui y sont lies. La Organizacion Mundial de la Salud desarrollo el programa de vigilancia Tricycle para obtener un panorama global de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, especialmente en paises con una capacidad de vigilancia limitada. El programa se creo desde la perspectiva One Health. Tricycle proporciona un marco que permite aplicar un protocolo tecnico estandarizado con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de Escherichia coli productora de [beta]-lactamasa de espectro extendido (ESBL) en tres sectores: el humano, el animal y el medio ambiente. El uso habitual del protocolo permitiria obtener informacion sobre las tendencias temporales y las variaciones inter e intrarregionales, generando asi datos dinamicos sobre la resistencia a los antibacterianos que resultarian utiles para los responsables de la toma de decisiones. Hasta la fecha, 19 paises han comenzado a implementar el protocolo Tricycle, mientras que otros paises comenzaran a aplicarlo en los proximos anos. La red NETESE (Network for Enhancing Tricycle ESBL Surveillance Efficiency), se creo para apoyar a los paises que implementan el protocolo Tricycle. Actualmente, NETESE esta formada por representantes de 15 instituciones de ocho paises con ingresos medios o bajos, que se encuentran en diferentes etapas de implementacion del protocolo Tricycle. Tambien incluye a representantes de cuatro paises europeos que intervienen en el diseno del protocolo. El presente documento describe el protocolo Tricycle, recoge las primeras experiencias de los participantes de NETESE durante la implementacion de dicho protocolo, y aborda tanto los retos como las oportunidades futuras. [phrase omitted], Introduction To provide a picture of antimicrobial resistance in humans, animals and the environment in all countries, especially those with limited surveillance capacity, the World Health Organization (WHO) Advisory Group [...]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Culturally and linguistically diverse voices and views in COVID-19 pandemic plans and policies.
- Author
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Ghafournia, Nafiseh, Massey, Peter D., Healey, Sunita J. Rebecca, and Ravindran, Bhavi
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,COMMUNITIES ,PUBLIC health ,SOCIAL determinants of health - Abstract
Objective: This paper presents a rapid assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic plans and explores the representation of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in such plans. Four levels of pandemic plans were reviewed: regional, state, national and international. Methods: Discussions with representatives from four CALD communities informed the development of search and selection criteria for the COVID-19 plans, which were gathered and assessed using a CALD lens. Six COVID-19 pandemic plans that met the inclusion criteria were critically assessed. Results: The reviewed plans did not report any CALD community voices, views or consultations with community groups in the development phase, nor did they acknowledge the diversity of CALD populations. A few plans noted the vulnerability of CALD communities, but none discussed the challenges CALD communities face in accessing health information or health services during the pandemic, or other structural barriers (social determinants of health). Discussion: Our analysis revealed major gaps in all pandemic plans in terms of engaging with immigrant or CALD communities. Policies and plans that address and consider the complex needs and challenges of CALD communities are essential. Collaboration between public health services, multicultural services and policy-makers is vital for the inclusion of this higher-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Infodemics and infodemiology: a short history, a long future.
- Author
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Zielinski, Chris
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *SARS virus , *PUBLIC health , *DISINFORMATION , *MALINFORMATION - Abstract
An "infodemic" is defined as "an overabundance of information - some accurate and some not - occurring during an epidemic". This paper describes the characteristics of an infodemic, which combines an inordinately high volume of information (leading to problems relating to locating the information, storage capacity, ensuring quality, visibility and validity) and rapid output (making it hard to assess its value, manage the gatekeeping process, apply results, track its history, and leading to a waste of effort). This is bound up with the collateral growth of misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. Solutions to the problems posed by an infodemic will be sought in improved technology and changed social and regulatory frameworks. One solution could be a new trusted top-level domain for health information. The World Health Organization has so far made two unsuccessful attempts to create such a domain, but it is suggested this could be attempted again, in the light of the COVID-19 infodemic experience. The vital role of reliable information in public health should also be explicitly recognized in the Sustainable Development Goals, with explicit targets. All countries should develop knowledge preparedness plans for future emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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