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This paper studied music feature recognition and classification. First, the common signal features were analyzed, and the signal pre-processing method was introduced. Then, the Mel–Phon coefficient (MPC) was proposed as a feature for subsequent recognition and classification. The deep belief network (DBN) model was applied and improved by the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to get the GWO–DBN model. The experiments were conducted on GTZAN and free music archive (FMA) datasets. It was found that the best hidden-layer structure of DBN was 1440-960-480-300. Compared with machine learning methods such as decision trees, the DBN model had better classification performance in recognizing and classifying music types. The classification accuracy of the GWO–DBN model reached 75.67%. The experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the GWO–DBN model. The GWO–DBN model can be further promoted and applied in actual music research.