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The purpose of this paper is to retrieve and study the highly cited papers as well as the correlation between the citation frequency and the download frequency of the 20 traditional Chinese medicine journals in China, in order to provide the guidance for improving the influence and academic quality of these journals. Bibliometric analyses were conducted on 1103 papers of 20 traditional Chinese medicine journals from 2011 to 2020 by retrieving for the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the citation frequency and the download frequency via conducting regression fitting and establishing the mathematical models. The results showed that the total citations of the 1103 papers were 93051 times and the average citations were 84.36 times per paper. The total downloads of the 1103 papers were 2058442 times, and the average downloads were 1866.22 times per paper. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ranked first according to the number of papers, total citations and total downloads. The citations of Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials ranked first based on the number of citations per paper. One of Li's paper had been cited the most (983 times). There were 629 (57.03%) papers whose first author was from universities. The scopes of the first authors were distributed in 29 regions and 2 special administrative regions (Macao, Hong Kong) in China. The authors from Beijing published 283 (25.66%) papers, ranking number one. The number of papers supported by funds was 882 (79.96%). The research results of correlation showed that the citation frequency and the download frequency of the highly cited papers had a highly positive correlation from both journal and paper level for whether the sample data of journals was normally distributed or nonnormally distributed. The correlation coefficients of the 20 journals at journal level and that at paper level were 0.9765 and 0.6677, respectively. The correlation was better at journal level than that at paper level, while the optimal regression fitting was all cubic polynomial. Among the 1103 papers, there were 684 (62.01%) research papers and 419 (37.99%) review papers. The main citation period of the top 15 papers was from the 2nd year to the 6th year after publication, accounting for 78.39%. Papers on clinical therapeutics research, papers on the pharmacological effects and its mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and papers on traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine were the main source of the highly cited papers of the traditional Chinese medicine journals. Editors of the journals should focus on the above-mentioned research areas to select manuscripts for exploiting the excellent sources extensively, while paying attention to review papers, focusing on national major or key projects, paying attention to network spreading, stabilizing authors with quality services, in order to improve the influence and the academic quality of journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To effectively promote the efficient dissemination of sci-tech journals and improve the influence of sci-tech journals, a precise push method of sci-tech journals based on knowledge graph reasoning is proposed, using knowledge graph to build network to realize push reasoning of scientific and Technological Journals. Based on the one-way author relationship network diagram and the two-way keyword network diagram, the PageRank algorithm is used to calculate the weight of network vertices, quantitatively and accurately identify the research direction of push customers and predict customers, and realize the accurate push management of content, so as to obtain the basis for the construction of network diagram. Based on the previous article in the Journal of the information society of science and technology of China, this paper constructs a knowledge reasoning diagram, mines 52 co-author cases and 60 related papers as experimental data, and verifies the progressiveness method through customer value. According to the network diagram, the progressiveness of this method is verified. The experimental results show that the knowledge map network reasoning method proposed in this paper has high accuracy in identifying the push objects of scientific and technological journals and accurately predicting the research direction. The matching degree between the number of customers and the pushed content. Using knowledge map network can ensure the timeliness and accuracy of pushing scientific and technological journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy content of ground motion records obtained during the 2019 M6.4, M7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquakes which occurred closely in space is analyzed in this paper. Wavelet transform as a powerful tool, that is used to evaluate the energy content characteristics including cumulative energy profiles and the total energy for different components of records, was obtained at three stations named China Lake Christmas Canyon, China Lake and Tower 2. Due to the fact that the energy-based parameters could be well correlated with damage distribution, this path has been taken into consideration in this research work with the light of the powerful wavelet tool. For this purpose, the discrete wavelet transform is efficiently used for multi-resolution decomposition of acceleration time history of ground motions and a new framework is presented to estimate the energy level of earthquake sequences. Finally, the pseudo-period corresponding to each corresponding level is introduced and the distribution of energy vs. the pseudo-period is discussed. The results of this paper provide a platform to compare the energy levels of different earthquake sequences in different periods. Analysis showed that wide-band energy distribution could be identified at China Lake Christmas Canyon and Tower 2 stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new generation of China Railway Track System III (CRTS III) ballastless track structure has been found vulnerable under high-level earthquakes. However, the seismic characteristics and the damage mechanism had not been well studied. In this paper, a 4-span high-speed railway (HSR) simply supported bridge-track system model is established to investigate the seismic response and damage mechanism of the bridge-CRTS III slab ballastless track system under transverse earthquakes by nonlinear history analysis. In accordance with the results, the piers have a good seismic performance under high-level earthquake (0.57 g). The non-uniform vibration of unequal-height piers results millimeter-level inconsistent displacements between the girders. The fixed bearing is vulnerable under the earthquakes with PGA of 0.3 g and 0.57 g, indicating that the seismic design of fixed bearing should be optimized to enhance the seismic resistance under high-intensity earthquake. After the damage of fixed bearing, the friction is not enough to pull the girders to vibrate together with piers which leads the sliding of girders. The sliding of girder exacerbates the non-uniform displacements of girders and roadbed. The non-uniform vibration and residual slips of girders lead deformation of the rail, especially forming turning angles at the girder joints which may impact the safety of train operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridge influence lines (BILs) and bridge influence surfaces (BISs) are inherent static parameters of bridges which can be extracted from moving vehicle-induced bridge responses. Compared with dynamic parameters, these parameters are directly related to the stiffness and internal forces in each cross-section of a bridge therefore can be considered as an effective bridge metamodel. To accelerate the engineering practice of BIL- and BIS-based bridge evaluation, this paper first briefly reviews the current BIL and BIS field test and identification methods. Then, the bridge evaluation guidelines of China and the United States are introduced as the basis of the evaluation methods. Engineering application scenarios for bridge evaluation, including permit load verification, performance degradation checking, and load carrying capacity evaluation, are summarized, and a multiple-scenario bridge evaluation method is established. At the end of this paper, an evaluation example of a four-span continuous bridge is presented to illustrate the application procedure and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The outcomes of this paper provide a promising application method of field test BILs and BISs, which may help bridge engineers more effectively use these parameters in engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel and composite walls with corrugated steel plates have found their wide application in China due to their excellent structural performance. Extensive research has been conducted over the past few decades to investigate their behavior and load-bearing capacity. This paper summarized numerous experimental and numerical studies on the corrugated steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs), double corrugated steel plate shear walls (DCSPSWs), and concrete-infilled double steel corrugated-plate walls (CDSCWs). First, the load-bearing mechanism and design methods of CSPSWs and DCSPSWs under monotonic and horizontal cyclic loads were elucidated. Subsequently, this paper elaborates the load-bearing capacity and corresponding design methods including the sectional strength capacity, the overall stability, and the wall panel stability of CDSCWs under axial compression, compressive-bending combination, and compressive-bending-shear combination. The proposed design methods of CSPSWs, DCSPSWs, and CDSCWs have successfully implemented in practical high-rise building structures and some of them have been adopted by the Chinese engineering construction standards T/CECS 290 and T/CECS 624. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake hazards may cause a significant loss to urban hospital network system (UHNS), including hospitals and medical transportation networks. As such, systematic seismic resilience assessment of such systems is of paramount importance to reduce loss and optimize casualty care during earthquakes. For that purpose, this paper proposes a novel method for assessing the seismic resilience of UHNS that considers the logical dependencies or coupling among the system's components, such as the casualty sources, the hospitals and the medical transportation networks. A resilience index is defined as the ratio between the average "shortest" time for a casualty to receive medical treatment before and after an earthquake. The time consists of both transportation time to a hospital and queuing time at the hospital. To obtain the shortest time, a real-time simulation model is proposed that considers the casualty sources, the changes in road traffic, the updates of Origin-Destination (OD) matrix for transportation time, the modifications of waiting time in hospital, the path reselection by casualty, and the changes in functionalities of bridges, hospitals and roads. The functionalities are obtained by analyzing fragility models, calculating residual functionality and estimating functionality recovery times. To calculate the fragilities of bridges and hospitals, a refined nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is performed based on a general FE software, OpenSees, and the damages are obtained for various structural and nonstructural components, e.g. column, stairs and CT scanner of hospitals, as well as piers, bearings and abutments of bridges. The proposed method is demonstrated in a seismic resilience assessment of a realistic UHNS in Xiamen city of China and provides valuable references to assessments of seismic resilience of UHNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevention and control of communicable diseases such as COVID-19 has been a worldwide problem, especially in terms of mining towards latent spreading paths. Although some communication models have been proposed from the perspective of spreading mechanism, it remains hard to describe spreading mechanism anytime. Because real-world communication scenarios of disease spreading are always dynamic, which cannot be described by time-invariant model parameters, to remedy such gap, this paper explores the utilization of big data analysis into this area, so as to replace mechanism-driven methods with big data-driven methods. In modern society with high digital level, the increasingly growing amount of data in various fields also provide much convenience for this purpose. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent knowledge discovery method for critical spreading paths based on epidemic big data. For the major roadmap, a directional acyclic graph of epidemic spread was constructed with each province and city in mainland China as nodes, all features of the same node are dimension-reduced, and a composite score is evaluated for each city per day by processing the features after principal component analysis. Then, the typical machine learning model named XGBoost carries out processing of feature importance ranking to discriminate latent candidate spreading paths. Finally, the shortest path algorithm is used as the basis to find the critical path of epidemic spreading between two nodes. Besides, some simulative experiments are implemented with use of realistic social network data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals were proposed, different institutions and scholars carried out research on China's medium- and long-term mitigation pathways. Through the literature review of China's research on carbon neutrality, this paper finds that the zero-carbon energy transition is the key to achieving carbon neutrality. The main driving factors of reducing energy-related carbon emissions include the cleanliness of primary and secondary energy supply systems, the electrification of energy consumption and the development of hydrogen energy, energy efficiency improvement, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and negative emissions. Furthermore, based on the literature, this paper conducts a quantitative comparative analysis, and selects key indicators for comparative analysis and summary from seven dimensions, including economic and social development, carbon emission pathways, primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, final hydrogen energy consumption, electricity demand and supply, and installed capacity and structure of power generation. Main conclusions are as follows: (i) In terms of carbon emission pathways, the institutions generally believed that China will peak carbon emissions around 2028 and achieve carbon neutrality between 2050 and 2060. Achieving net-zero or near-zero emissions first in the power sector is the key to carbon neutrality across the society; (ii) In terms of energy supply, it is a consensus to increase the proportion of clean energy and reduce carbon emissions from the source. The proportion of clean energy in primary energy will increase to more than 85%, and the proportion of clean energy power generation and installed capacity will reach more than 90%; (iii) In terms of energy use, electricity will become the core of final energy consumption in the future. The predicted electricity consumption across the society will range 14.3–18.4 PWh, and the predicted electrification rate will exceed 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel sheeting is usually provided at the upper flange of purlin in steel roof with screw connections. The resulting diaphragm effect provided by the sheeting enhances the buckling resistance of the purlin. However, this diaphragm effect will be reduced due to any abnormality in the screw connection caused by wind-induced fatigue particularly from typhoon. This would reduce the buckling resistance of the purlin with sheeting (the purlin-sheeting system), and it would affect subsequent condition evaluation during their service life. This problem is addressed in this paper with a framework of time-dependent reliability evaluation of the buckling limit state of the purlin-sheeting system. The buckling resistance reduction due to the degradation of the diaphragm effect from typhoon is taken into account in the resistance model. The randomness of wind intensity and landfall occurrence of typhoon during the service life of purlin are also accounted for in the wind load effect model. The time-dependent reliability of the purlin at different positions of a roof is studied. Then the variation of reliability of the system due to the effect of climatic changes in the design service life is discussed. The proposed strategy is then applied to the evaluation of a purlin-sheeting system in eleven cities in China with typhoon occurrences with some useful results for future studies in the provisions of the design code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on China's green energy development strategy, this paper constructs a basic model of recycling and a channel expansion model for the circular economy foundation of Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China. Through numerical simulation, it is found that each member of the supply chain should control the rate of price adjustment, otherwise it will cause market disruption. The model is controlled based on a chaos control method. Then, based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, an early warning system for the circular economy of Zaozhuang City is constructed. It is found that the economic development of Zaozhuang is a serious warning, resources are moderate warning, and the environment is not in an alarm state. In addition to paying attention to energy conservation and emission reduction of enterprises, the government should pay attention to creating awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction in society, and strengthen the technological investment in reducing pollutant emissions. This paper provides a strategic reference for the circular economy model in Zaozhuang, Shandong, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy has an advantage over conventional fossil energy because of its clean and low-carbon features, while its stability gives it an advantage over renewable energy sources such as hydropower, photovoltaic (PV) power, and wind power. Using hydrogen as a fuel can achieve zero carbon emissions or even net zero emissions at the end of energy conversion. Moreover, with hydrogen as the carrier, an energy system of multi-energy complementarity will be established by coupling multiple energy systems such as power grids, gas grids and heat networks, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of renewable energy sources in an efficient, stable, and flexible manner. Based on the "dual carbon" goals, this paper targets sectors with high carbon emissions represented by electric power, steel and transportation, analyzes the feasible path of using hydrogen energy to promote deep carbon reduction, and points out the obstacles faced by hydrogen energy development in various sectors. On account of the current development and expected prospects, this paper proposes that the current focus of hydrogen energy industry is to coordinate the development of industrial sectors and regions, build a pattern that can facilitate the industry's systematic and concerted development, address key technical challenges (such as green hydrogen production or hydrogen storage and transportation via pipeline), improve industrial standards, and promote the industry's development in a balanced, coordinated and orderly way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seismically active regions, high-filled embankment slopes on liquefiable soils tend to damage after strong earthquakes. Therefore, post-seismic damages should be estimated as soon as possible to mitigate potential losses. Fragility function is an efficient tool for assessing the seismic vulnerability conditions of structures, which links the probability of exceeding different limit states to seismic intensity. An embankment slope on liquefiable soils at Yading Airport in China was selected as the study object, and a series of numerical analyses of the embankment-foundation system utilizing the finite element method were conducted. Advanced dynamic constitutive models considering liquefaction and hysteresis characteristics were also adopted to simulate the nonlinear stress–strain behavior of soils under cyclic loadings. The post-seismic stability of embankment slopes was assessed using the strength reduction method (SRM) based on the stress–strain analysis. On this basis, the permanent ground deformation (PGD) at the ground-free field conditions was selected as the intensity measure (IM), while the factor of safety (FoS) of the slopes was selected as the damage measure (DM). Then, a procedure was presented for deriving seismic fragility functions with different damage states in light of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). This paper aims to investigate the effects of different embankment typologies, such as the thickness of liquefiable soils and slope inclination, on the post-seismic vulnerability of embankment slopes. The fragility curves constructed in this study may soon be helpful for predicting the post-seismic damage of similar high-filled embankment slopes on liquefiable soils, which enables efficient traffic control and rapid disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power and influence are important concepts in world politics. In this process, every country tries to maximize its interests and influence over other countries. The present world order, soft power, plays an important role in influencing others' policy-making processes in one's favor to establish a world order. This paper aims to give an overview of Chinese soft power and find out whether Chinese soft power is creating a debt trap or becoming a shared interest for both Bangladesh and China. Based on secondary sources, the paper has found that although Chinese soft power, especially its growing investment in Bangladesh, is a part of establishing its influence, it is a shared interest rather than a debt trap. Different infrastructure development projects are opportunities for Bangladesh, as that will open the door to economic development if Bangladesh can effectively utilize them, although China's investment can put Bangladesh's economy under pressure. However, economic and political instability, fragile institutions, growing corruption, leadership crisis, etc. are more harmful to its economy and can lead to an economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now, China has made it clear that it will strive to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 (the "dual carbon" goals), based on the logic that carbon peaking is a prerequisite for carbon neutrality. The year 2021 is the first year of China's 14th Five-Year Plan period. As the main battlefields to achieve the "dual carbon" goals, cities are also required to build on their pathways towards such goals under new conditions. Based on the progress China has made with pilot cities for low-carbon development and the discussion on 60 cities by category, this paper identifies the commonalities and differences between Chinese cities' pathways towards carbon peaking, and concludes that Chinese cities need to peak their carbon emissions in an organized and step-wise way on the basis of classification and according to their own development level and emission characteristics. In light of the above conclusion, this paper provides feasible suggestions for Chinese cities' carbon peaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's railway network is wide, and some of them cross the seismic zone, and the ratio of high-speed railway (HSR) bridges is high. Therefore, the safety of trains on the bridge may be endangered in the event of an earthquake. Because the response of track–bridge system is sensitive to the randomness of bridge structural parameters during the earthquake, while the train wheelset is directly in contact with the track system, the running safety of train (RST) may be also sensitive to the randomness of structural parameters. In this paper, the model of train–bridge coupled system (TBCS) under earthquake was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by test results. To efficiently calculate the safety performance of trains considering the randomness of structural parameters, the point estimation method (PEM) was used in this paper, and the applicability of PEM was proved by comparing with the calculation results of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Then, PEM was used to discuss the running safety performance of trains under different ground motion (GM) intensities, different train speeds, and different pier heights. Finally, based on the maximum probability, the GM intensity threshold of a bridge based on running safety is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capabilities of the inexpensive theodolite created by the authors, compared with modern commercial instruments, equipped with a Leica TPS1203 robotic total station with built-in GoPro Hero6 camera image sensors. This theodolite was tested in the laboratory where simulated dynamic displacements were determined. The results of the experimental tests showed that the displacement errors and differences between the simulated displacements of the test machine and those detected by the theodolite were in the range of Δ = − 0. 1 5 mm to +0.13 mm depending on the simulated amplitude. The theodolite was further used in the field for static and dynamic tests of the Wanzhou Railway Bridge, China. Determination of the dynamic motions of the bridge and the results of calculating the natural frequencies from the measurement data are presented. During loading tests of the bridge, the frequencies were also determined by accelerometers and these data were used as a reference to assess the accuracy of the theodolite and its suitability for dynamic tests. An original algorithm was developed in the MATLAB software environment to process the recorded videos, i.e. image processing to determine displacements and natural frequencies. It is demonstrated that the position of the theodolite at a distance of 28.5 m from the bridge provides the correspondence of one pixel of 0.333 mm, which provides a high level of accuracy when determining the dynamic vertical displacements of a moving target. It is established that the proposed theodolite will cost less than 5 000 euros. The results obtained are relevant for use in civil engineering for monitoring the amplitude vibrations of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine, Uyghur medicine, Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine on bronchial asthma, and discusses the causes and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, treatment principles and treatment drugs, respectively. It compares the similarities and differences of different ethnic groups' traditional medicines on bronchial asthma treatment, so as to help each ethnic group learn from each other and further improve their understanding of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the new progress in building China's national carbon market since 2020, and analyzes the connotation of China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals ("dual carbon" goals) and its significance to socio-economic development in China. Through case analysis, this paper expounds the role of China's recent carbon trading activities in promoting the transition toward green and low-carbon socio-economic development. On that basis, this paper conceives a top-level design for building the national carbon market that serves the "dual carbon" goals: building and improving the national carbon market that fundamentally serves as an emission reduction tool, developing the institutions and systems of the national carbon market with a focus on emission cap, creating a multilevel and diversified carbon trading scheme centered on the national carbon market, exploring a mechanism that takes carbon emission reduction as the core and promotes the synergistic effect of the carbon market with other environmental rights trading markets, and pursuing the healthy and orderly development of carbon finance that aims to serve carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the operation of railway vehicles, the quality of bogies directly affects the operation quality and driving safety. Wheel set is one of the most important components in bogie, so the maintenance of wheel set is very important. For a long time, the detection of train wheel sets in China is still in the stage of manual measurement with backward technology and low efficiency. A new automatic detection method of wheel flange tread based on fuzzy neural network image processing technology is proposed in this paper. This method can accurately detect the defects of wheel flange tread. It collects the original image of the tested wheel set through the digital camera, inputs it into the computer, through certain calculation and processing, and compares it with the model established based on fuzzy neural network, so as to detect the defects of wheel flange and tread. First, the research status of wheel tread defect detection is summarized. Second, the basic principles of digital image technology are studied, the image processing models are confirmed, and the image processing method based on fuzzy neural network is established. Finally, eight wheel set treads are selected to carry out defect detection, and the analysis results show that the proposed method can obtain the better inspection precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's automotive industry has been dedicated to a series of carbon-reduction efforts and has strived for comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation in order to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. On the basis of automobiles' whole life-cycle (WLC) carbon emission accounting, this paper calculates life-cycle carbon emissions per vehicle, proposes green and low-carbon development path for China's automotive industry, quantifies and analyzes implicated carbon-reduction potential, and puts forth suggestions for high-quality green and low-carbon development of China's automotive industry. The first is to establish a sound standard and data management system; the second is to promote research, development and application of low-carbon materials and low-carbon technologies; the third is to accelerate the pace of fostering a new consumption model in the automotive industry. The research results can further support national policy-making regarding carbon emissions, promote corporations' research, development and application of low-carbon technologies, encourage green and low-carbon consumption, and lead the automotive industry to achieve WLC neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed Virtual Reality (DVR) is a combination of network and virtual reality technology, it could facilitate to construct a uniformly shared Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) by using network to connect geographically distributed multiplayers. This paper concentrates on the theoretical research and practical development about Multiplayer Virtual Intelligent System (MVIS), and the main contribution could be summarized as two points. (1) Based on the DVR technology, this paper presented some theoretical research on MVIS, including the classification of virtual entities, communication pattern of entities, and the behavioral consistency research. Furthermore, a Multiplayer Earliest Deadline First (MEDF) program was proposed in order to guarantee the consistency of entities. (2) A prototype algorithm experiment system, called Multiplayer Graph-algorithm Intelligent System (MGIS), was designed. MGIS not onlyefficiently solves many problems in traditional computer algorithm teaching, such as high-abstraction, difficulty to understand, and lack of interaction mechanism; but also extends the application of DVR to cultural tourism, because MGIS is developed on the 3D scene of Lushan Mountain, which is one of the notable tourist attractions in China, and was included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1996. What i's more, MGIS illustrates the ability of expression, applicability and generality of the theoretical research about MVIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variation principle widely used in structural dynamics analysis allows us to transform the differential equation of the boundary value problem into a functional with extreme value. In recent years, it has been applied to the band-gap analysis of periodic structures. However, for periodic beam-plate composite structures with periodic and ordinary boundaries, it is relatively difficult for the traditional energy methods, such as the Rayleigh–Ritz method, to construct the displacement functions that satisfy boundary conditions. Hence, a hybrid solution is proposed in this paper to account for various boundary conditions of the periodic beam-plate composite structure. Specifically, the displacement functions constructed by the plane wave series can automatically satisfy the periodic boundary conditions. With the ordinary boundaries modeled by artificial springs, the spectral functions conforming to arbitrary boundary conditions are used to represent the displacement functions. The proposed solution is used to solve the band-gap problems of CRTS-III and CRTS-II slab ballastless tracks in China, and the accuracy of the solution is verified by comparing the calculated results with numerical simulations. In addition, through band-gap formation mechanism analysis, the frequency range of propagating flexural waves in each track component is accurately evaluated, which provides a theoretical basis for refined structural vibration reduction in the future. The solution proposed in this paper is flexible and convenient, which can be extended to a more complex band-gap analysis of periodic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ongoing development and deployment of medium-low speed maglev vehicles in China, it has become common to increase operational speeds from 100 km/h up to 140 km/h or even 160 km/h, necessitating further studies and simulation models to understand the implications of these changes. This paper analyzes medium-speed maglev vehicle-track-girder coupling dynamic performance at a speed of 160 km/h. First, a field dynamics experiment is carried out on the Changsha Maglev Express with a running speed of 80–140 km/h. Then we introduce the distributed coupling simulation platform for maglev transportation system (MTS-DCSP) and the vehicle-track-girder coupling model, taking into account the complex vehicle structure, the guideway structure, and the Proportion Integral Differential (PID) levitation control system. Together, this platform and model can conduct a simulation of the complete process at scale and at all degrees of freedom to obtain accurate results. Our analysis of the results gives an accurate portrayal of the coupling dynamics properties and validates the coupling model. The results from the field experiments together with the coupling simulation demonstrate that the medium-speed maglev train can operate safely and stably within the range of 140–160 km/h. While at 140 km/h, however, the Sperling ride quality index (RQI) is about 2.5, which is within the Excellent grade range, at a speed of 160 km/h, the Sperling ride quality index can increase to as high as 2.74, which is a grade of Good. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of the secondary suspension system to improve the ride comfort of the maglev vehicle at 160 km/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railway transportation, as an important lifeline during earthquake relief and post-disaster reconstruction, has an extremely significant role. The study of track irregularity caused by earthquakes is the basis for ensuring traffic safety after their occurrence. In this paper, a finite element model of a five-span simply supported high-speed railway beam bridge with the China Railway Track System (CRTS) II was established and an experimental verification was performed. Eighty arbitrarily selected seismic waves were extracted from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) strong ground motion database and a nonlinear time-history analysis was performed on the finite element model. The frequency–domain distribution law of earthquake-induced track irregularities was studied. A stable target earthquake-induced track irregularity spectrum model was constructed, and its expression was fitted. According to the results, in the case of transverse earthquakes, the rails experienced noticeable alignment irregularity and cross-level irregularity, while the amplitude of the gauge and vertical irregularity were relatively small. The target irregularity spectrum has a higher amplitude in the low-frequency components. When peak ground acceleration (PGA) was low, earthquake-induced track irregularity was not obvious, but the deteriorating effects of earthquakes on track irregularities increased significantly with increasing PGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's declaration to the international community to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 is of great significance in advancing the objectives of the Paris Agreement, and has a positive and far-reaching impact on China's high-quality development. This paper expounds on responsibilities and ambitions in tackling climate change, analyzes the high-quality development opportunities brought about by CO2 emissions peak and carbon neutrality, and discusses the net zero carbon emissions transformation in the new era of ecological civilization. This paper is of the view that development towards net zero carbon emissions provides a new impetus for building a Beautiful China, and promoting ecological civilization and green development. The essence of carbon neutrality should be correctly understood so that the world will work together to improve climate resilience. China should also deepen the understanding of the principles and methodologies of climate change economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the non-technological innovation system for building low-carbon cities in China. It establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system and grading standards for low-carbon cities, concerning both technological innovation and non-technological innovation factors. Defining non-technological innovation factors as independent variables, GDP per capita as the main control variable, and low-carbon development and carbon productivity as dependent variables, this paper examines the contribution of non-technological innovation to the building of low-carbon cities. The result shows that non-technological innovation manifested a significant trajectory of progress. It demonstrates that the continuous improvement to non-technological innovation system should effectively promote the further development of low-carbon cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most conventional air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) are simultaneously emitted from the same sources, providing a sound theoretical basis for the synergistic governance of these emissions. At present, China faces severe challenges in protecting the eco-environment, such as reducing conventional pollutants, improving environmental quality, and peaking CO2 emissions. Internationally, the control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been incorporated into the comprehensive environmental management system in major developed economies such as the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), where, based on GHG emissions monitoring and statistical data, decision-making support is provided for the national governments in the form of policy evaluation, thus forming a management mode that enables overall planning, coordination, and unified regulatory at the national level and participation of multiple departments under the national government. The synergistic control of conventional air pollutants and GHGs is becoming an important measure to strengthen the environmental management and achieve low-carbon development. This paper summarizes the synergistic effects of reducing air pollution and carbon emissions from the aspects of synergistic policies, strategic planning, and institutional systems, and conducts an analysis based on existing synergistic practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community is directly responsible for implementing the policy measures against public emergencies such as extreme weather, earthquake, flash flood and pandemic diseases. Summarizing the experience at the urban community level can help promote the global emergency management. This paper, from the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and control, selects three communities with different features to explore an effective response system for public emergency management at the urban community level. It demonstrates that based on a centralized leadership, the multi-level governance (MLG) network combined with information technology has mobilized their participation in combating COVID-19 and ensured the effective and timely response to the public emergencies, which blocked the spread of epidemic to the greatest extent, proving worthy of being promoted as one of the Chinese approaches and Chinese wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting the consumption-based accounting (CBA) method of carbon emissions based on national carbon intensity (NCI), using the International Trade Centre (ITC) database, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and the World Bank database, and taking 13 countries and regions including the European Union (EU) countries and the United States (US) as research samples, this paper conducts an accounting of the embodied carbon in trade between China and other major economies in the world, clarifies the responsibilities China has taken for foreign consumption-based carbon emissions, and analyzes the various driving factors of China's embodied carbon in exports. The findings are as follows: (i) Most of the developed economies have higher consumption-based emissions than production-based emissions, which is contrary to most of the developing economies, with developing countries bearing responsibilities for 15–20% of the consumption-based carbon emissions for developed countries; (ii) the carbon emissions of countries and regions are closely related to the embodied carbon in trade, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. (iii) China has taken responsibility for a large amount of carbon emissions from foreign consumer demand, most of which are from the US, the EU, ASEAN, and Japan, respectively accounting for 3.8%, 3.5%, 2.3%, and 1.2% of China's production-based carbon emissions in 2019; (iv) technique effect is the main driving factor for China's embodied carbon in trade, while the specific driving factors vary by industry. Based on the above analysis, it is suggested that China should: (i) consider the trade factor in its efforts to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality; (ii) adopt differentiated measures to reduce trade-related emissions for specific industries; (iii) fully consider China's demand for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in international negotiations; (iv) give more support to the research on and measurement of consumption-based carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greenhouse gas emissions from China's transport sector, which account for a large proportion of China's total greenhouse gas emissions, are still increasing rapidly. Therefore, low-carbon transformation is urgently needed in China's transport sector. This paper provides an overview of the situation and features of greenhouse gas emissions from China's transport sector, and proposes carbon-neutral development paths for the transport sector based on current national policies, goals and previous research. China needs to work on many aspects, including transport restructuring, alternative fuel technologies and energy efficiency improvement, to achieve near-zero emission goals by 2060. Under the carbon neutrality goal, China's transport sector should strive to reach the carbon peaking goal by 2030, and limit carbon emissions within 100 million tons by 2060. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coal-based energy industry plays a huge role in supporting the development of a national economy. As China pledges to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, how to keep a balance between carbon emission reduction and coal consumption has become a serious problem and daunting challenge facing the industrial chain of coal-based energy for a long time. The prospects for the coal mining industry are increasingly limited under carbon constraints. Faced with serious challenges in its positioning and technological development, the coal-fired power industry is suffering the consequences of negative environmental externalities. Therefore, the low-carbon transformation of China's coal-based energy industry is necessary and urgent. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the development status of China's coal-based energy industry under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the obstacles in the transformation and upgrade of the coal-based energy industry, and comes up with response strategies. The future coal-based energy industry should make full use of emerging low-carbon clean technologies such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage to achieve low-carbon transformation, and upgrade of the entire industrial chain, following the current development trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the continuous innovation in terms of using new materials and structures for pedestrian bridges has led to a significant reduction in the natural frequency of such bridges. Thus, the human-induced vibration comfort of bridges has been increasingly affected. Therefore, this paper introduces the Stevens annoyance rate model (ARM) and proposes a design and evaluation method for human-induced vibration comfort of pedestrian bridges based on this model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a practical pedestrian bridge is used as an example to perform dynamic analysis, comfort evaluation, and vibration reduction design. The results show that the pedestrian bridge comfort evaluation method based on the Stevens-ARM can accurately quantify the vibration comfort of the human body under uncertainties. For comfort control, the new comfort design method and a genetic algorithm (GA) can arrange multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) more reasonably, which can prevent the annoyance rate (AR) and comfort rate under the two-way coupled vibration from exceeding the limit. Moreover, data obtained from 14 pedestrian bridges in China were analyzed to verify the generality and reliability of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-timescale receding horizon framework for the load forecast of large power customers. The future load pattern of individual users could be very difficult to predict because of its chronological and high volatile properties. Also, the sampling of nonaggregated load data may suffer from severe information missing issues. To address these challenges, we first develop an online singular value thresholding (SVT) algorithm, which utilizes the approximate low-rank property of load data matrices to efficiently recover the missing information. Then, a combinatorial deep learning method is developed, which applies the multi-layer perception (MLP) neural network and the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network with gated recurrent unit (GRU) to deal with the short-term and ultra-short-term load forecast, respectively. Specifically, an early stopping strategy is designed and implemented to avoid the over-fitting of model training. Moreover, the receding time window is imposed to dynamically update the data recovery and load forecast outcomes, which supports the online computing on a Spark platform. Numerical experiments on real-world load data from North China confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which can support more complex applications in embedded systems and cyber physical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a qualitative study of the influence of the British Colonial government on the construction and development of British India from perspectives of Chinese scholars. It is based on the survey of the papers with the keywords "British India" or "Colonial India" from 2000 to 2020 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the most authoritative retrieval platform in China. After the analysis and summary of the research on British India by Chinese scholars, this paper suggests a possible research field for Chinese scholars. The study of British India in Chinese academics can go further with the findings of new historical materials. In the future, a breakthrough in this field will be possible with an emphasized study on relevant historical materials and native language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted educational institutions extensively utilize electronic learning context to guarantee improved teaching and learning experiences accompanied by educational activities. E-learning or online learning plays a significant role in Chinese higher education. There is a challenge to implement e-learning in China's higher education to improve course resources, student learning style prediction, teaching quality, and service support. Hence in this paper, Artificial Intelligence based Efficient E-learning Framework (AI-EELF) has been proposed to overcome the challenges faced by China's higher education while implementing e-learning modules. The collected student data can be efficiently utilized and exploited to progress in an adaptive learning environment. The proposed AI-EELF method introduces multiple learning models to enhance teaching quality and predict the student learning style. The experimental results show that the proposed AI-EELF achieves high performance, prediction ratio in determining students' learning style and improves teaching quality compared to other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a relatively new means of transportation, the subway has become an important tool for the sustainable development of many cities. Being buried deep in soil under the weight of vital infrastructure, subway stations can be vulnerable to seismic excitations. Considering the high randomness of ground motions, it is important to research the failure probability and seismic performance of the subway station based on stochastic dynamic analysis. In this paper, a probability density evolution method (PDEM) coupled with a spectral representation random function is used to analyze the stochastic dynamic response and seismic probability of a subway station. First, according to the improved power spectral density model and the seismic design code of urban rail transit structures in China (GB 50909-2014), a set of nonstationary ground motions consistent with the code spectrum are obtained. Then, a great deal of deterministic dynamic calculations for Daikai subway station considering soil–structure interaction based on elastic–plastic methods are performed. In addition, the nonlinear stochastic response analysis and the dynamic probability analysis are obtained for the subway station by solving the PDEM equation. Finally, the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the subway station under stochastic earthquake excitations are obtained based on three performance indices, including drift angle in the middle column, relative vertical displacement between floor and roof, and damage area ratio (DAR). The results show that the stochastic dynamic analysis and the probability density evolution method can analyze seismic response and evaluate seismic performance of subway stations effectively. The proposed method will serve as an effective tool for the seismic design of underground structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For China Railway Track System (CRTS) I twin-block slab tracks, the interface between the sleeper and track slab is susceptible to damage under the coupled effect of long-term train load and external environment factors. In order to analyze the damage behavior and identify the type of debonding at the interface, this paper established a three-dimensional finite element model and introduced the cohesion zone model and concrete damaged plasticity model to simulate the interface damage and the inner-layer damage of the track slab, respectively. The interface debonding induced by the temperature effect was analyzed, and the debonding types were identified based on the obtained vertical vibration responses of the sleeper surface under the train load. The results reveal that the damage mainly occurs on the bottom and lateral sides at the interface under the temperature load. The track model can be refined further to obtain higher analysis accuracy with acceptable calculation time using the sequential loading method. The 26 damage features derived from the time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency domain are in good representativeness in reflecting the damage information hidden in the vibration signals. Among them, the peak values (maximum vertical acceleration of the sleeper) are 55.0, 56.7, 60.3, and 61.6 m/s2 for no debonding, debonding on the lateral side, debonding at the bottom, and debonding on the longitudinal side of the interface under train load, respectively. Moreover, the identification accuracy of the debonding type can reach 93.75% combining the particle swarm algorithm and support vector machine. It indicates that the proposed identification method is effective and reliable to provide theoretical guidance for developing scientific maintenance and repair strategies for twin-block slab tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the entire world is fighting against the Corona Virus (COVID-19). As of now, more than thirty lacs of people all over the world were died due to the COVID-19 till April 2021. A recent study conducted by China suggests that Chest CT and X-ray images can be used as a preliminary test for COVID detection. This paper propose a transfer learning-based mathematical COVID detection model, which integrates a pre-trained model with the Random Forest Tree (RFT) classifier. As the available COVID dataset is noisy and imbalanced so Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is used to extract most prominent features and balance the dataset respectively. The Bayesian Cross-Entropy Loss function is used to penalize the false detection differently according to the class sensitivity (i.e., COVID patient should not be classified as Normal or Pneumonia class). Due to the small dataset, a pre-trained model like VGGNet-19, ResNet50 and Inception_ResNet_V2 were chosen to extract features and then trained them over the RFT for the classification task. The experiment results showed that ResNet50 gives the maximum accuracy of 99.51%, 98.21%, and 97.2% for training, validation, and testing phases, respectively, and none of the COVID Chest X-ray images were classified as Normal or Pneumonia classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax credit management system (TCMS) implemented by the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) of China in 2014 is an innovative mechanism of tax collection and management. This paper attempts to incorporate the TCMS into the model of Allingham and Sandmo [Allingham, M. G. and Sandmo, A., Income tax evasion: A theoretical analysis, J. Public Econ.1(3–4) (1972) 323–338], and then proposes an agent-based tax compliance model combined with EWA model. In this model, enterprises are divided into three categories: enterprises paying taxes for better credit, paying taxes to avoid a punishment, and not paying taxes. Enterprises can borrow from banks based on their own tax credit rating. The experimental results based on the model show that: (i) When the probability of spot check is low, the actual tax behavior of some enterprises is inconsistent with the results of tax credit publicized by tax authorities. (ii) In order to reduce the proportion of tax evasion, we try to change the parameter variables of integral reward, audit probability, punishment, financial subsidy and loan interest rate. The results show that the punishment of fixed high loan interest rate on tax evasion enterprises can effectively restrain tax evasion and increase the proportion of enterprises with high credit rating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have considered the information in the frequency domain to detect the structural breaks in financial markets. This paper provides a mixed model that integrates BEMD, AFD and Chow test to study the fluctuation characteristics of the soybean futures price. Due to the application of AFD, the mixed model can detect the structural breaks of the price fluctuation through obtaining the high-resolution information in the frequency domain. According to our results, in general, the soybean futures price in China is mainly determined by IMF11, followed by IMF9, IMF8 and IMF7, and there exist many structural breaks of different IMFs. Interestingly, national macro-controls have opposite effects at IMF8 and IMF11. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed mixed model for detecting structural breaks of financial markets in frequency-domain by revealing the impact of external events on the soybean futures price at multi-scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After setting the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060, it has become an irresistible trend for China to decouple carbon emissions from its economic growth. Since cities play a central role in reducing carbon emissions, the issues such as whether and when their carbon dioxide emissions can be decoupled from economic growth have become the focus of attention. Based on the carbon dioxide emissions of 264 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2017, this paper uses the Tapio decoupling index to measure the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth of cities, analyzes the space–time evolution characteristics of carbon emissions and decoupling indexes by stages, and explores the relationship between carbon emissions and socio-economic development characteristics such as per capita GDP and industrial structure. The main conclusions drawn therefrom are as follows: (i) From 2000 to 2017, the city-wide carbon emissions rose from 2.484 billion tons in 2000 to 7.462 billion tons in 2017, registering a total increase of 200.40%. But the growth rate of carbon emissions within cities has been significantly reduced. (ii) As years passed by, the number of cities that achieved strong decoupling saw a significant increase, from zero in the 10th–11th Five-Year Plan period to 14 in the 12th Five-Year Plan period and the first two years of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, accounting for 5.3% of the total number of cities. (iii) There is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between per capita carbon emissions and per capita GDP, which is consistent with the EKC curve hypothesis, but Chinese cities are still in the growth stage of the quadratic curve currently. The correlation between per capita CO2 emission and the proportion of the secondary industry was positive. The results of this study are expected to provide experience for the low-carbon development of cities in China and other developing countries, and provide references for the formulation and evaluation of policies and measures related to low-carbon economic development based on the decoupling model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China accounts for more than 22% of the total energy consumption worldwide. Building energy consumption, among which consumption in public buildings was about 40% took the second place. With the problems of high energy waste, error rate and complexity of the control systems available, an indoor intelligent lighting system based on occupants' location is proposed in this paper to improve the energy efficiency of the current lighting systems indoors. The transmission model of electromagnetic wave in free space is optimized in both aspects of reference signal strength and attenuation coefficient radiation in complex environment dynamically based on which occupants' positions are obtained. The smart lighting system will turn on or off corresponding lights adaptively to provide a more energy efficient platform. Experimental results show that the proposed system is able to improve the energy efficiency of indoor lighting by at least 15%, with a lower error rate below 2% compared with the existing lighting systems based on voice control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The serviceability of super-tall buildings depends primarily on the wind-induced structural responses, especially accelerations. To mitigate the discomforting structural vibrations, pendulum-type tuned mass damper (TMD) systems are commonly employed in high-rise buildings. However, for a super-tall building with a considerably low fundamental natural frequency, the suspension length of a pendulum-suspended TMD (PTMD) becomes too long to be feasible as it would occupy substantial building space. For the sake of saving valuable space in a super-tall building, a multistage PTMD system is recommended for vibration control. This paper presents a detailed assessment study on the performance of a multistage PTMD system designed for a 600 m high skyscraper located in a typhoon-prone region in China. Wind tunnel tests are first conducted to determine the wind loads on the building for estimation of structural dynamic responses for the scenarios with and without installation of the multistage PTMD system. Optimal design of the multistage PTMD system is then carried out through examining the mitigation efficiency of the PTMD system for a variety of mass and damping ratios. To restrict the strokes of mass dampers in the PTMD system, two-section damping strategy is proposed. The assessment results demonstrate that the multistage PTMD system with two-section damping can function efficiently to suppress the excessive vibrations of the skyscraper, while occupying a minimal space in vertical and horizontal directions. This paper aims to provide an effective and economic design strategy for vibration control of super-tall buildings under wind excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on The CPC Central Committee's Proposals for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, this paper proposes three paths to improve China's urbanization strategy. First, the emphasis should be shifted from demographic urbanization to farmers' citizenization, thus clearing the barriers against free flow of population and productive factors, and advancing equal rights of urban residents so that the city benefits are equally shared. Second, the metropolitanization strategy should be implemented to eliminate scale- and location-related discrimination, promote the efficient agglomeration of population and productive factors at different levels of metropolitan areas and develop global cities and world-class urban agglomerations. Third, the strategy of building high-quality livable cities should be implemented, by following the new trend of building green, healthy, resilient, smart, innovative and compact cities, and improving place qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 2017, China officially implemented the pilot program of the construction of climate-resilient cities in 28 regions, and these pilots have taken a series of initiatives to adapt to climate change. Based on the research and practice on climate change adaptation worldwide, this paper constructs an evaluation indicator system for climate-resilient cities with six primary indicators and 15–21 secondary indicators to assess the progress of the pilot program in a comprehensive manner. The study shows that the consciousness of climate adaptation has been strengthened, their adaptive capacity has been improved, and their climate change monitoring capacity and the basic adaptive capacity have been enhanced. Meanwhile, each pilot city has carried out unique system and mechanism innovation and international cooperation and exchange activities, but the progress is uneven, and there is still room for improvement in the overall adaptive capacity. It is recommended that a system for evaluating the progress of the climate-resilient city pilots be established as soon as possible, and that the review of the adaptation actions and highlights of the city pilots be strengthened, so as to raise the political status of the pilot areas and strengthen their consciousness of climate change adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a conceptual framework and a strategic idea for China's green urbanization from the perspective of ecological civilization. The existing urbanization model — whether the activities carried out in the city or the city's organization form — is largely a product of the traditional industrial era. China must think outside the traditional industrial box and promote green urbanization based on ecological civilization which is the fundamental solution to address the unsustainable development of cities. Green urbanization is more like "building cities in (natural) parks", rather than "building parks in existing cities", that is, creating a prosperous economy without destroying but making full use of the natural ecological environment. This means there will be profound changes to the development concept, the activity carried out in the city, the city's organizational logic, and the implications of the regional economy. China's green urbanization based on ecological civilization should focus on three basic tasks and two strategies. The three tasks are to reshape the existing cities, urbanize the newly added population in a green way, and redefine the rural areas. The two key strategies are to realize green urbanization of urban clusters that account for more than 90% of the national GDP, 70% of the total population, and 30% of the land area; and to urbanize county-level areas where about 60% of the national population resides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate analysis of targeted sentiment in online course reviews helps in understanding emotional changes of learners and improving the course quality. In this paper, we propose a fine-tuned bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) model for targeted sentiment analysis of course reviews. Specifically, it consists of two parts: binding corporate rules — conditional random field (BCR-CRF) target extraction model and a binding corporate rules — double attention (BCR-DA) target sentiment analysis model. Firstly, based on a large-scale Chinese review corpus, intra-domain unsupervised training of a BERT pre-trained model (BCR) is performed. Then, a Conditional Random Field (CRF) layer is introduced to add grammatical constraints to the output sequence of the semantic representation layer in the BCR model. Finally, a BCR-DA model containing double attention layers is constructed to express the sentiment polarity of the course review targets in a classified manner. Experiments are performed on Chinese online course review datasets of China MOOC. The experimental results show that the F1 score of the BCR-CRF model reaches above 92%, and the accuracy of the BCR-DA model reaches above 72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the growth of China's economy and the development of the automobile manufacturing industry, the number of various vehicles has continuously increased, and the incidence of traffic accidents has also increased. Especially in traffic blind areas, right-turning areas of vehicles, etc., traffic accidents such as vehicle collisions are extremely easy to occur, which poses a serious threat to people's lives and property, and is extremely harmful. Therefore, related research on collision detection of people and vehicles has been traffic-safe and has received extensive attention from field researchers. At present, the research on human-vehicle collision detection is to detect human-vehicle collision accidents by tracking the track of vehicles and pedestrians, but there are problems such as poor tracking effect, low accuracy of collision discrimination and complex algorithms. Aiming at these problems, this paper studies the human-vehicle collision detection algorithm based on image processing. Through the image processing of traffic monitoring video, the vehicle and pedestrian contour information is extracted. Based on this, a mathematical model for collision detection is constructed to realize human-vehicle collision detection. The results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the collision between pedestrians and vehicles, and the algorithm for image processing is simpler than the traditional tracking algorithm, and the time is shorter. The results show that the image-based collision detection algorithm based on image processing can effectively and quickly identify the traffic accidents in which people and vehicles collide, and then can issue alarm signals in time, shortening the accident processing time and reducing the accident time. The possibility of a secondary accident has a high practicability in the detection of traffic accidents in which people and vehicles collide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of our country's economic level and quality of life, the numbers and scales of highway networks and motor vehicles are constantly expanding, which makes the current road traffic burden more and more serious. As an important means of traffic automation management, license plate recognition (LPR) technology plays an important role in traffic surveillance and control. However, the recognition rate and accuracy of the traditional license plate recognition methods still need to be improved. In the case of poor surrounding environment, it is prone to localization failure, vehicle license plate recognition errors or unrecognizable phenomena. Wavelet transform, as another landmark signal processing method after Fourier transform, has been widely used in the field of image processing. In China, the number of horizontal lines is usually larger than that of vertical lines. If the two vertical boundaries of the license plate can be detected successfully, the four angles of the license plate can be determined efficiently to complete the license plate positioning. In view of the advantages of wavelet transform technology and the characteristics of vehicle license plate, in this paper, a vehicle license plate recognition algorithm based on wavelet transform and vertical edge matching is proposed. The edge of the license plate is detected by wavelet transform technology, and then the license plate is located by vertical edge matching technology. After the location is realized, the characters are segmented by vertical projection method and the characters are recognized by improved BP neural network algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed vehicle license plate recognition algorithm based on wavelet transform and vertical edge matching performs well in algorithm performance, which provides a good reference for the development of vehicle license plate recognition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]