Search

In this paper, we first proposed a statistical test for the detrended multiple moving average cross-correlation coefficient DMMC (s). The DMMC (s) mainly was used to analyze the correlation between the dependent variable y and other n independent variables x i . We proved that DMMC (s) approximately obeys the chi-square distribution. We studied the statistical properties of the DMMC (s) between normally distributed random sequences and power-law ARFIMA long memory random sequences. Furthermore, we discussed the influence of the cross-correlation among the target variable and independent variables on DMMC (s). Finally, we further study the application of DMMC (s) to China's stock markets and China carbon emission trading markets to investigate multiple cross-correlation. The empirical results show that there is a strong multiple correlation between China's Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets, while the correlation between China's carbon markets is not significant. This paper provides new ideas and theoretical support for exploring the correlation between multiple variables, which has implications for investors and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the dynamic influence of provincial tourism development on carbon emissions and ecological efficiency in China. For this purpose, the paper first develops a new index to evaluate the ecological efficiency and then utilises the SYS-GMM method by using the provincial data during 2004–2017. Besides, we explore the heterogeneous, asymmetric, and mediating impact effect in the tourism–carbon–ecological efficiency nexus. The following findings are highlighted: (1) An inverted U-shaped nexus exists between tourism development and carbon emissions, which confirms the existence of the tourism–environment Kuznets curve; (2) tourism development can promote ecological efficiency, and this positive impact of tourism on the economy is enhanced by the tourism infrastructure; (3) the impact of tourism development on carbon emissions is heterogeneous and asymmetric, while its influence on ecological efficiency is consistent; and (4) investment effect is the significant mediator. This paper puts forward several policy suggestions based on the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now, China has made it clear that it will strive to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 (the "dual carbon" goals), based on the logic that carbon peaking is a prerequisite for carbon neutrality. The year 2021 is the first year of China's 14th Five-Year Plan period. As the main battlefields to achieve the "dual carbon" goals, cities are also required to build on their pathways towards such goals under new conditions. Based on the progress China has made with pilot cities for low-carbon development and the discussion on 60 cities by category, this paper identifies the commonalities and differences between Chinese cities' pathways towards carbon peaking, and concludes that Chinese cities need to peak their carbon emissions in an organized and step-wise way on the basis of classification and according to their own development level and emission characteristics. In light of the above conclusion, this paper provides feasible suggestions for Chinese cities' carbon peaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adopting the consumption-based accounting (CBA) method of carbon emissions based on national carbon intensity (NCI), using the International Trade Centre (ITC) database, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and the World Bank database, and taking 13 countries and regions including the European Union (EU) countries and the United States (US) as research samples, this paper conducts an accounting of the embodied carbon in trade between China and other major economies in the world, clarifies the responsibilities China has taken for foreign consumption-based carbon emissions, and analyzes the various driving factors of China's embodied carbon in exports. The findings are as follows: (i) Most of the developed economies have higher consumption-based emissions than production-based emissions, which is contrary to most of the developing economies, with developing countries bearing responsibilities for 15–20% of the consumption-based carbon emissions for developed countries; (ii) the carbon emissions of countries and regions are closely related to the embodied carbon in trade, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. (iii) China has taken responsibility for a large amount of carbon emissions from foreign consumer demand, most of which are from the US, the EU, ASEAN, and Japan, respectively accounting for 3.8%, 3.5%, 2.3%, and 1.2% of China's production-based carbon emissions in 2019; (iv) technique effect is the main driving factor for China's embodied carbon in trade, while the specific driving factors vary by industry. Based on the above analysis, it is suggested that China should: (i) consider the trade factor in its efforts to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality; (ii) adopt differentiated measures to reduce trade-related emissions for specific industries; (iii) fully consider China's demand for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in international negotiations; (iv) give more support to the research on and measurement of consumption-based carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the new progress in building China's national carbon market since 2020, and analyzes the connotation of China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals ("dual carbon" goals) and its significance to socio-economic development in China. Through case analysis, this paper expounds the role of China's recent carbon trading activities in promoting the transition toward green and low-carbon socio-economic development. On that basis, this paper conceives a top-level design for building the national carbon market that serves the "dual carbon" goals: building and improving the national carbon market that fundamentally serves as an emission reduction tool, developing the institutions and systems of the national carbon market with a focus on emission cap, creating a multilevel and diversified carbon trading scheme centered on the national carbon market, exploring a mechanism that takes carbon emission reduction as the core and promotes the synergistic effect of the carbon market with other environmental rights trading markets, and pursuing the healthy and orderly development of carbon finance that aims to serve carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's declaration to the international community to peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 is of great significance in advancing the objectives of the Paris Agreement, and has a positive and far-reaching impact on China's high-quality development. This paper expounds on responsibilities and ambitions in tackling climate change, analyzes the high-quality development opportunities brought about by CO2 emissions peak and carbon neutrality, and discusses the net zero carbon emissions transformation in the new era of ecological civilization. This paper is of the view that development towards net zero carbon emissions provides a new impetus for building a Beautiful China, and promoting ecological civilization and green development. The essence of carbon neutrality should be correctly understood so that the world will work together to improve climate resilience. China should also deepen the understanding of the principles and methodologies of climate change economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most conventional air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) are simultaneously emitted from the same sources, providing a sound theoretical basis for the synergistic governance of these emissions. At present, China faces severe challenges in protecting the eco-environment, such as reducing conventional pollutants, improving environmental quality, and peaking CO2 emissions. Internationally, the control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been incorporated into the comprehensive environmental management system in major developed economies such as the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), where, based on GHG emissions monitoring and statistical data, decision-making support is provided for the national governments in the form of policy evaluation, thus forming a management mode that enables overall planning, coordination, and unified regulatory at the national level and participation of multiple departments under the national government. The synergistic control of conventional air pollutants and GHGs is becoming an important measure to strengthen the environmental management and achieve low-carbon development. This paper summarizes the synergistic effects of reducing air pollution and carbon emissions from the aspects of synergistic policies, strategic planning, and institutional systems, and conducts an analysis based on existing synergistic practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between household income disparity and CO2 emissions based on a panel dataset in China over the period from 1995 to 2010 by employing a two-step, generalized method of moments estimation (GMM-3SLS estimator) to estimate the simultaneous equation model (SEM). The main findings of this study reveal that there is a U relationship between per capita CO2 emissions and income in China. The indirect effect that household income inequality affects CO2 emissions through household consumption is positive. The reasons for this positive effect are as follows: (1) an increase in household income inequality results in lower consumer demand and higher scale of investment, which leads to excess capacity, a rise in the waste of energy consumption and an increase in CO2 emissions. (2) The total consumption amount is inhibited and the consumption structure is influenced by household income inequality. The energy-intensive and low-quality-preferred consumption structure is an obstacle to the upgrading of the industrial structure and to technological innovation from the demand side. Thus, reducing CO2 emissions by upgrading the industrial structure and developing energy-saving technologies is inhibited by the consumption structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After setting the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060, it has become an irresistible trend for China to decouple carbon emissions from its economic growth. Since cities play a central role in reducing carbon emissions, the issues such as whether and when their carbon dioxide emissions can be decoupled from economic growth have become the focus of attention. Based on the carbon dioxide emissions of 264 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2017, this paper uses the Tapio decoupling index to measure the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth of cities, analyzes the space–time evolution characteristics of carbon emissions and decoupling indexes by stages, and explores the relationship between carbon emissions and socio-economic development characteristics such as per capita GDP and industrial structure. The main conclusions drawn therefrom are as follows: (i) From 2000 to 2017, the city-wide carbon emissions rose from 2.484 billion tons in 2000 to 7.462 billion tons in 2017, registering a total increase of 200.40%. But the growth rate of carbon emissions within cities has been significantly reduced. (ii) As years passed by, the number of cities that achieved strong decoupling saw a significant increase, from zero in the 10th–11th Five-Year Plan period to 14 in the 12th Five-Year Plan period and the first two years of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, accounting for 5.3% of the total number of cities. (iii) There is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between per capita carbon emissions and per capita GDP, which is consistent with the EKC curve hypothesis, but Chinese cities are still in the growth stage of the quadratic curve currently. The correlation between per capita CO2 emission and the proportion of the secondary industry was positive. The results of this study are expected to provide experience for the low-carbon development of cities in China and other developing countries, and provide references for the formulation and evaluation of policies and measures related to low-carbon economic development based on the decoupling model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has investigated the connections between foreign direct investment (FDI), carbon emissions (CO2), and foreign trade openness. However, these past studies did not specifically focus on industrial sectors in China and their carbon emissions, thus leaving a gap in understanding this relationship. In our study, we aim to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by employing a threshold regression model with a threshold variable. This model calculates how strongly carbon emissions are produced to assess the impact of the industrial sector on carbon emissions. Our findings reveal that foreign trade openness and FDI have a threefold threshold impact on industrial carbon emissions. The effect of FDI on carbon emissions in the industrial sector shows a pattern of initially lowering and then increasing the emissions, indicating potential harm. Conversely, the impact of foreign trade openness on carbon emissions exhibits both positive and negative effects. While foreign trade openness exacerbates carbon emissions in economic sectors with lower carbon intensity, it helps mitigate emissions in sectors with high- carbon emission levels. Furthermore, our study identifies that the intensity of economic activity, per capita GDP, and the number of employees all significantly influence the industrial sector's carbon emissions. By employing the latest cutting-edge methodology, our research opens the door for extrapolating these findings to other nations for a comprehensive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the drivers of environmental degradation in ASEAN + China. It focusses on three unresolved questions: (i) Does the inclusion of China in ASEAN panel aggravate environmental degradation, given that China is a high carbon emissions country? (ii) Does financial development moderate the impact of energy consumption on environmental degradation in ASEAN? (iii) Does urbanization moderate the impact of energy consumption on environmental degradation in ASEAN? It employs empirical strategies that account for heterogeneity, endogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The results show that economic growth, energy consumption and non-renewable energy aggravate environmental degradation, whereas renewable energy, foreign direct investment and trade openness mitigate it. The inclusion of China in ASEAN panel weakens the EKC hypothesis. Financial development favorably moderates the effect of energy consumption on environmental degradation in ASEAN, but adversely moderates the effect in ASEAN + China. Urbanization adversely moderates the impact of energy consumption on environmental degradation in both panels. Hence, efforts to address environmental degradation should consider these different drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions trading is a major innovation in the practice of using market mechanism to control and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote green and low-carbon development. It is an important way to achieve China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals (the "dual carbon" goals) at a relatively low cost. Starting late and having gone through three development stages, China's national carbon market has entered a new stage. However, given the problems such as incomplete institutional, regulatory and carbon emissions verification systems, less balanced and vibrant market, limited transaction entities and trading products, and lack of voice due to insufficient participation in relevant international affairs, continuous efforts are still required to further improve this market by deepening reform, strengthening capacity building and increasing international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lighting energy consumption occupies a large proportion in the building electricity consumption. It cannot only save energy, but also reduce the uneven and constant illumination of the working face, which makes full use of the natural lighting and combines with the intelligent lighting control. An office building in Zhengzhou of China has been selected as an example for analyzing the climatic factors that influence building daylighting and the factors of the building itself, the illuminance of working faces in different sky models and at different times has been simulated and calculated to analyze the illuminance variation law in the direction of room depth and parallel direction of side Windows. Partition and point combined constant illumination control strategy for the lamps in different areas has been put forward and realized by BP neural network algorithm. By controlling the dimming of artificial light source and adjusting the curtain opening degree intelligently, uniform and constant illumination has been achieved. Energy saving effect in combination with natural lighting has been evaluated to prove that the control strategy cannot only maintain constant illumination in every working face but also significantly reduce the electric energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realise the goal of the Paris Agreement, China has announced to enhance its nationally determined contributions (NDCs), demonstrating its determination to adopt more rigorous policies and measures to achieve a peak in carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. China's pledge to carbon neutrality not only has a profound impact on its economic reforms, but also spurs the country to be more proactive in global climate governnance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China between 1997 and 2011, we employed the extended STIRPAT model and spatial panel econometrics methods to investigate the relationship between financial development and carbon emissions and test the influence of financial development as well as other factors on provincial carbon emissions per capita among Chinese provinces. The estimation results show that: (i) spatial spillover effects play a role in provincial carbon emissions in China; and (ii) the sum of technical effect and structure effect of financial development surpass its' sum of direct effect and wealth effect in China, which suggests that financial development reduces carbon emissions per capita. China should pay more attention to the integration of green finance policy and environmental regulation, and establish appropriate mechanisms to strengthen inter-provincial interaction and coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]