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With the discovery of the Higgs boson at around 125 GeV, a circular Higgs factory design with high luminosity (L ∼ 1 0 3 4 cm − 2 s − 1) is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. Machine Detector Interface (MDI) is the key research area in electron–positron colliders, especially in CEPC; it is one of the criteria to measure the accelerator and detector design performance. Because of the limited space available in the designed tunnel, many equipment including magnets, beam diagnostic instruments, masks, vacuum pumps, and components of the detector must coexist in a very small region. In this paper, some important MDI issues will be reported for the Interaction Region (IR) design, e.g. the final doublet quadrupoles physics design parameters, beam-stay-clear region and beam pipe, synchrotron radiation power and critical energy are also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actual dead load of an arch dam should be applied gradually through staged construction and sequenced grouting. However, the cantilever- and integral-type dead loads commonly used in the analysis of arch dams represent simplified versions of the actual loading. In this paper, these two types of dead loads, i.e. cantilever and integral types, are presented based on the Lagrange multiplier method considering the nonlinear behaviors of contraction joints. Based on the finite element method and an appropriate contact model together with artificial viscoelastic boundary conditions, a dynamic analysis model of a dam–foundation–reservoir system is established in consideration of the interactions between the arch dam and foundation, the opening and closing of contraction joints, and the radiation damping effect of the far-field boundary. Taking a 300 m high arch dam in the strong earthquake area of West China as an example, a fine mesh finite element model with a total of approximately 3.5 million degrees of freedom is established. The separate effects of the cantilever and integral dead loads on the static and dynamic responses of the dam are studied. The results demonstrate that the distribution and magnitude of the contraction joint opening width and maximum tensile stress are different under the two different dead load simplifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a single species of Eucommia genus belonging to the Eucommiaceae family, is an endemic in China and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly two thousand years. Records from different historical periods highlight E. ulmoides and its officinal botanical parts, usefulness in adaptation to disease and its central role in Chinese medicine theory. There are also historical collection documents for minorities in China. Tearing the leaves, bark and fruit produces strands of latex; a description of E. ulmoides's morphological features is recorded in this paper. This review summarizes 204 natural compounds isolated from this plant, which are divided into seven categories: lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenes and others. These components possess wide-ranging pharmacological efficacies, such as antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, anti-oxidative, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to provide a reference for extensive researches of E. ulmoides crude drugs, especially for quality control, biosynthesis and structure modification of active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches on the human mobility have made great progress in many aspects, but the long-term and long-distance migration behavior is lack of in-depth and extensive research because of the difficulty in accessing to household data. In this paper, we use the resume data to discover the human migration behavior on the large-scale scope. It is found that the asymmetry in the flow structure which reflects the influence of population competition is caused by the difference of attractiveness among cities. This flow structure can be approximately described by the gravity model of spatial economics. Besides, the value of scaling exponent of distance function in the gravity model is less than the value of short-term travel behavior. It means that, compared with the short-term travel behavior, the long-term human migration behavior is less sensitive. Moreover, the scaling coefficients of each variable in the gravity model are investigated. The result shows that the economic level is the main factor of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using geographic information systems (GIS) network analysis technology, this paper studied the impact of new subway projects on the accessibility of an urban transit network. First, the status quo of public transit accessibility in Changsha City was estimated using two improved accessibility models: the cumulative opportunity measurement model and the gravity measurement model. Second, the topological structural information of the public transit network and basic public transit data were collected from mapping software. GIS technology was used to build the public transit network. According to the schedules of different subway lines projected to open in the next few years, the impedance of the GIS network was adjusted. Finally, the public transit accessibilities at different stages were calculated with the improved measurement model. Based on the accessibility calculation results at different sites, the development of public transit in Changsha was analyzed using a cluster analysis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of dark matter is one of the most fundamental scientific unknowns. Particle physicists have spent decades searching for evidence of dark matter particles. The PandaX project is a staged xenon-based dark matter direct detection experiment located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. In this paper, we give an overview of the PandaX experiment, discuss its recent scientific results, and outline the plan for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the initial value sensitivity (IVS) of Chinese stock market, including the single stock market and the Chinese A-share stock market, with respect to real markets and evolving models. The aim is to explore the relationship between IVS of the Chinese A-share stock market and the investment psychology based on the evolving model of genetic cellular automaton (GCA). We find: (1) The Chinese stock market is sensitively dependent on the initial conditions. (2) The GCA model provides a considerable reliability in complexity simulation (e.g. the IVS). (3) The IVS of stock market is positively correlated with the imitation probability when the intensity of the imitation psychology reaches a certain threshold. The paper suggests that the government should seek to keep the imitation psychology under a certain level, otherwise it may induce severe fluctuation to the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systemic financial risk prediction problem has become a focus in the field of finance. This work applies a novel machine learning technique, that is, least squares support vector machines (LSSVM), to predict the systemic financial risk. To serve this purpose, the paper selects financial risk indicators of China from January 2006 to December 2016, and utilizes unit root test, principal component analysis (PCA) and self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) methods for data preprocessing. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used for parameters optimization of LSSVM by comparison with grid search (GS), and genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results show that a better prediction performance and generalization can be achieved with the proposed LSSVM compared to the traditional strategies such as SVM, BP neural networks, and logistic regression. As a result, we can conclude that the LSSVM is more suitable for the practical use in systemic financial risk predicting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many heavy industrialized countries such as China and India, the impact of air pollution on respiratory health has been headline news in recent years. Among the risk issues examined, exposure to particulate matter (PM) is cited as the prime contributing factor that causes respiratory diseases, yet it is traceable and controllable. In this paper, we report on an empirical study conducted in Shanghai, based on urban spatial determinants as independent variables to investigate its link to occurrence of lung cancer in their neighborhoods. A survey was conducted on a population of 472 lung cancer patients. After reliability and validity tests, only 156 pairs were included in this report. The questionnaire designed for this survey covers 11 outdoor and 6 indoor factors; these include the building density where they live, proximity to pollution sources, volume of traffic nearby, degree of enclosure by surrounding tall buildings, being residential or commercial with reference to their homes, proximity to parks, measured in terms of the plant type, green space per capita, accessibility to public open spaces for outdoor activities and water body; while parameters inside the house cover the age of the house, bedroom sizes, space per occupant, cooling-off time of taking up residency after renovation, humidity and dust inside the houses. Data collected were classified using random forest classification and further refined with Boruta algorithm for feature selection to identify possible correlation between risk of lung cancer to both outdoor and indoor factors of built environment. The results reveal a strong correlation between lung cancer and the environment where they live, so much so that the finding confirms our long-held belief that urban redevelopment could play an important role in reducing the risk of respiratory disease. Since prevention is better than cure, if by design to relocate pollution sources away from residential areas, provision of good public transportation to cut down vehicles on our streets, creation of green spaces to improve airflow pathway to deduce the concentration of PM in the atmosphere in our neighborhoods, we could perhaps reduce or even prevent lung cancer and a range of other respiratory diseases for the residents we served. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, in a case study of Santanghu Basin in China, the morphological characteristics and size distribution of nanoscale pores in the volcanic rocks of the Haerjiawu Formation were investigated using the results of low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments. This research showed that within the target layer, a large number of nanoscale, eroded pores showed an 'ink bottle' morphology with narrow pore mouths and wide bodies. The fractal dimension of pores increases gradually with increasing depth. Moreover, as fractal dimension increases, BET-specific surface area gradually increases, average pore diameter decreases and total pore volume gradually increases. The deeper burial of the Haerjiawu volcanic rocks in the Santanghu Basin leads to more intense erosion by organic acids derived from the basin's source rocks. Furthermore, the internal surface roughness of these corrosion pores results in poor connectivity. As stated above, the corrosion process is directly related to the organic acids generated by the source rock of the interbedded volcanic rocks. The deeper the reservoir, the more the organic acids being released from the source rock. However, due to the fact that the Haerjiawu volcanic rocks are tight reservoirs and have complicated pore-throat systems, while organic acids dissolve unstable minerals such as feldspars which improve the effective reservoir space; the dissolution of feldspars results in the formation of new minerals, which cannot be expelled from the tight reservoirs. They are instead precipitated in the fine pore throats, thereby reducing pore connectivity, while enhancing reservoir micro-preservation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand the impact of fractal features of pore-throat structures on effective physical properties of tight gas sandstones, this paper carried out constant-rate mercury injection tests, gas-water permeability analyses, helium-based porosity and nitrogen pulse decay permeability measurements, and SEM and casting thin-section analyses on 20 sandstone samples of the Shihezi Formation from 16 wells of the Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, China. The fractal dimensions of pores corresponding to two pore radius ranges, namely fractal dimensions and , and those of throats also corresponding to two throat radius ranges, namely fractal dimensions and , were then calculated using the constant-rate mercury injection data. Fractal dimensions and are negatively correlated with the average pore radius and pore volume as well as quartz content, and they are positively related to contents of clay minerals and lithic fragments. Compared with pore fractal dimensions, throat fractal dimensions have lower correlations with throat structural parameters, and show vague relations with mineral compositions. Although the effects imposed by mineral compositions upon throat structures are similar to those upon pore structures, the flake-like and curved shapes of throats result in irregularity of fractal dimensions. Tight gas sandstones, with smaller fractal dimensions and , have larger effective porosity, indicating that more gas volumes can be replaced by liquids. As for tight gas sandstones with lower fractal dimensions and , the effective gas permeability is relatively high. In such cases, gas can flow more easily through the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanguisorba officinalis Linne ( S. officinalis, Rosaceae) has been used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of burns, hematemesis, melena, intestinal infections, and dermatitis for a long time in China, Korea, and Japan. The therapeutic efficacy of this herb is intimately associated with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hemostatic, and anticancer activities. Its root contains triterpenoid saponins (zigyuglycoside I: CHO and ziyuglycoside II: CHO8) and tannins (sanguiin H-6: CHO). It has been recently revealed that these active constituents of S. officinalis possess antiwrinkle properties without cytotoxicity. They also have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, they can inhibit proliferative tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism involved in the pharmacological actions of these active constituents is mainly related to p38 MAPK signaling. Although various studies have reported its therapeutic activities and major chemical components, review articles that extensively organize various properties of S. officinalis and its major constituents are still scarce. Taken together, the objective of this paper is to provide overall pharmacological and phytochemical profiles of S. officinalis and its constituents (including ziyuglycoside I, ziyuglycoside II, and sanguiin H-6), and their potential roles in clinical applications for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, bleeding disorders, and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variable speed limit (VSL) is a kind of active traffic management method. Most of the strategies are used in the expressway traffic flow control in order to ensure traffic safety. However, the urban expressway system is the main artery, carrying most traffic pressure. It has similar traffic characteristics with the expressways between cities. In this paper, the improved link transmission model (LTM) combined with VSL strategies is proposed, based on the urban expressway network. The model can simulate the movement of the vehicles and the shock wave, and well balance the relationship between the amount of calculation and accuracy. Furthermore, the optimal VSL strategy can be proposed based on the simulation method. It can provide management strategies for managers. Finally, a simple example is given to illustrate the model and method. The selected indexes are the average density, the average speed and the average flow on the traffic network in the simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed model and method are feasible. The VSL strategy can effectively alleviate traffic congestion in some cases, and greatly promote the efficiency of the transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A future Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) has been proposed by China with the main goal of studying the Higgs boson. Its baseline design, chosen on the basis of its performance, is a double ring scheme; an alternative design is a partial double ring scheme which reduces the budget while maintaining an adequate performance. This paper will present the collider ring lattice design for the double ring scheme. The CEPC will also work as a W and a Z factory. For the W and Z modes, except in the RF region, compatible lattices were obtained by scaling down the magnet strength with energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CEPC is a future Circular Electron and Positron Collider proposed by China to mainly study the Higgs boson. Its baseline design is a double ring scheme and an alternative design is a partial double ring scheme. This paper will present the optics design for the main ring of the double ring scheme. The CEPC will also work as a W and Z factory. Compatible optics designs for a W and a Z modes will be presented as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented and rapid development of the Chinese economy has been vividly displayed in front of the whole world to see. The attention has been particularly acute for the academic community and career politician alike. Ironically, this rapid economic miracle of China has been built on an unsound and often even questionable foundation of Chinese words, language and culture, of which we call them "Chinese trinity". This paper deals with the Chinese trinity from a computing science perspective. This paper argues the reform in scientific Chinese trinity with an emphasis of the word "scientific" ought to play a key role for further Chinese economic development and to launch a much improved contemporary Chinese society on a solid foundation. In addition, this paper proposes specifically ten computing paradigms and examines critically their potential impacts on scientific Chinese trinity. Finally, we feel the very focused approaches as proposed here might inspire as well as provide a much needed road map toward the goal of the scientific Chinese trinity. Judiciously chosen vigorous research projects appear to be indispensable. The unfortunate well known and long overdue reform has finally been rescued by the pressure of the information revolution coming of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China Education Network (CEN) of year 2014 was studied as a complex network object. By searching the domain of '.edu.cn' and filtering some unexpected results, we finally get a network with 14,100,628 pages and 213,513,401 links. The topology of this network was studied to get the features such as out-degree distribution, in-degree distribution and average shortest path length. These features were compared with that of year 2007 and 2004 to observe the evolution mechanisms of CEN. According to the statistical results, it is found that some topology features of CEN such as out-degree distribution, in-degree distribution and average shortest path have changed a lot and the related reasons for these changes are given in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is one subtype of influenza viruses, which has previously been isolated only in birds. Recently, an outbreak of a new avian influenza (H7N9) in China has resulted in numerous infections and high mortality in the humans. The H7N9 virus is low pathogenic in poultry and high pathogenic in human and that is critically different from other avian influenza viruses. An increasing number of the new H7N9 cases and the high mortality have caused a serious global concern. Here, based on the reported data, we propose and analyze an SE-SEIS avian-human influenza model. We prove the global stability results for both the disease-free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point by using a general Bendixson-Dulac theorem. Our reported theoretical results of this paper are expected to help in exploring the development of efficient methods to controlling the spread of avian influenza A(H7N9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Japanese-Chinese medicine, and Korean Sasang constitutional medicine have common origins. However, the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea differ because of the influence of geographical culture, social environment, national practices, and other factors. This paper aimed to compare the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea in terms of theoretical origin, constitutional classification, constitution and pathogenesis, clinical applications and basic studies that were conducted. The constitutional theories of the three countries are all derived from the Canon of Internal Medicine or Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases of Ancient China. However, the three countries have different constitutional classifications and criteria. Medical sciences in the three countries focus on the clinical applications of constitutional theory. They all agree that different pathogenic laws that guide the treatment of diseases govern different constitutions; thus, patients with different constitutions are treated differently. The three countries also differ in terms of drug formulations and medication. Japanese medicine is prescribed only based on constitution. Korean medicine is based on treatment, in which drugs cannot be mixed. TCM synthesize the treatment model of constitution differentiation, disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation with the treatment thought of treating disease according to three categories of etiologic factors, which reflect the constitution as the characteristic of individual precision treatment. In conclusion, constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea have the same theoretical origin, but differ in constitutional classification, clinical application of constitutional theory on the treatment of diseases, drug formulations and medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crew scheduling of the passenger dedicated line is the daily work plan of train attendants, and crew scheduling problem is one of the key problems of the train crew management. Considering the actual condition of China's railway and crew rules, a crew scheduling model is established in this paper to minimize rest time between two consecutive shifts in all roundtrips. In order to solve the scheduling model, in this paper a serial-parallel ant colony optimization algorithm (SP-ACO) is provided. The SP-ACO proposed two improvements: (1) a serial-parallel ant grouping strategy, it means that we let every group of ants find the solution one group by one group for reflecting the positive feedback in a generation; (2) the transition method based on the roulette wheel selection, it means that we randomly select between the certain search and the roulette wheel to make the diversity of solutions for avoiding all ants toward the same part of the search space. Finally, two application cases of the scheduling model are represented. The two cases results show that the methods can not only automatically set roundtrips, but also decrease the number of roundtrips, and the results also show that the feasibility of model and the validity of improved ant colony algorithm for crew scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author aims to examine the differences in perception concerning the anxiety toward the risk among three countries — Japan, the United States of America and China. The anxiety, in this case, is triggered by uncertainty. This paper also intends to clarify the effect of information to improve people's risk management targeted on the respondents of the Chinese population focusing on earthquake disasters. The social survey using questionnaire has been carried out in order to obtain the needed quantitative data for my research project. It is interesting to conclude that both respondents in China and in the United States tend to accept the impact of uncertainty better. They have shown somewhat lower level of anxiety toward nineteen items of the risks as compared with that of the Japanese respondents. The significant effects on information designed as a part of the risk management action plan as well as the living sufficiency safeguard are clearly observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As environmental regulations become rigid and the cost of freshwater increases, wastewater is considered as a major resource in China. The paper presented a study on the implementation of the advanced treatment process using dynamic membrane (DM) in reusing of printing wastewater. The DM was well formed by circulating 1.5g/L of PAC in 20 minutes, the trans-membrane pressure of 200 kPa and the cross-flow velocity of 0.75m/s. The printing effluents were treated in effluent treatment plants comprising a physicochemical option followed by biological process. The treated effluent contained chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity in the range of 45-60 mg/L, 0.030-0.045 (absorbance at 420 nm) and 3-5 NTU. The results showed that the COD, color and turbidity removal efficiencies of the DM permeate were 84%, 85% and 80%, respectively. The wastewater treated by DM was reused as process water and the final concentrated retentate could be discharged directly into sewage treatment works with no additional treatments. Cleaning and regeneration of DM were very convenient if necessary. The proper process was that the polluted DM was cleaned with tap water at high cross-flow velocity. When irreversible pollutants accumulate, it would be rinsed with chemicals tested and the membrane flux would be restored up to 95%. The result showed that DM was considered as a promising method for purification aimed at reuse of printing wastewater, resulting in direct environmental and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One important function of the port is to protect ship or some other facilities from wave attack so as to stably handle cargoes. In current design codes, there are mainly two expressions of the tranquility standard of harbor basin: one is the acceptable wave height in front of wharf; the other is the tolerable amplitude of ship motion. However, ship motions are affected by some more factors simultaneously, such as wave frequency, wave height, incident wave direction, ship properties and wharf type. This paper presents some computed results of the wave-induced ship motions on the basis of a port case in China. First, the Simple Green Function method is employed to solve and compare the 2-dimension hydrodynamic coefficients in front of open or bulkhead wharf. The results show a great difference between them. Then, this paper computes and discusses the ship motions in front of open wharf at different wave frequencies and incident wave directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is much regularity in Chinese characters. For example, the characters ... (car), ... (wheel), ... (rail), ... (transport), ... (carry), ... (turn) and ... (the roar of train) are all in relation to "transportation" and at the same time share the component .... An interactive database that can retrieve these characters as linked together can enable students to explore and discover the relationship among the characters. This paper reports our many years of works in designing and developing such databases for learning Chinese characters. Several interesting issues on the implementation are raised, including intuitive interaction, demand for high accuracy, codification of components, decomposition of characters, handling multiple acceptable values, irregularity of Chinese characters and application-oriented development. Unlike most technology-centric research, much of our experience has been gained through an iterative development of the databases with actual contents and in collaboration with the Chinese educators. In this paper, we hope to propose a more humanistic and contextual approach into the study of Chinese computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Meconopsis plants (Chinese: 绿绒篙), belonging to the family Papaveraceae, have been used as traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) for thousands of years. Meconopsis has the effects of clearing heat, reducing swelling, and easing pain, and is mainly prescribed for heat syndromes, hepatitis, pneumonia, and pain in joints. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of major isoquinoline alkaloids and flavonoids. Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated its antitumor, hepatoprotective, analgestic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antitussive, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, resource availability, in-depth in vivo pharmacological study and qualitative and quantitative analysis are still insufficient and deserve further efforts. This paper provides a comprehensive advance on the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of the genus, in hopes of promoting a better understanding of their medicinal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing many problems of the urban-rural resident pension insurance system in China, one should firstly make sure that this system can be optimized. This paper, based on the modern control theory, sets up differential equations as models to describe the urban-rural resident pension insurance system, and discusses the globally asymptotic stability in the sense of Liapunov for the urban-rural resident pension insurance system in the new equilibrium point. This research sets the stage for our further discussion, and it is theoretically important and convenient for optimizing the urban-rural resident pension insurance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies confirm that weather affects the Chinese stock markets, based on a linear model. This paper revisits this topic using DCCA cross-correlation coefficient (ρDCCA(n)), which is a nonlinear method, to determine if weather variables (i.e., temperature, humidity, wind and sunshine duration) affect the returns/volatilities of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets. We propose an asymmetric ρDCCA(n) by improving the traditional ρDCCA(n) to determine if different cross-correlated properties exist when one time series trending is either positive or negative. Further, we improve a statistical test for the asymmetric ρDCCA(n). We find that cross-correlation exists between weather variables and the stock markets on certain time scales and that the cross-correlation is asymmetric. We also analyze the cross-correlation at different intervals; that is, the relationship between weather variables and the stock markets at different intervals is not always the same as the relationship on the whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy cattle brucellosis is a chronic bacterial disease, which is caused by Brucella abortus and mainly characterized by abortion in dairy cattle. With the rapid development of breeding industry of milk cows in China, the infectious cases of dairy cattle brucellosis show an increasing trend. Particularly in Jilin province, the annual number of the positive cases of dairy cattle was only 3 cows in 1987, and went up to 168 cows in 2005. Based on the situation of the brucellosis infection in Jilin province, we propose an Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Virus (SEIV) dynamical model with outside transferred amount to describe the transmission of brucellosis amongst dairy cattle in this paper. We calculate the basic reproduction number R0 and prove that the equilibria are globally stable. Moreover, using the real data of nearly 20 years in Jilin province, we estimate the parameter values in the system. As a result, we can predict the number of infections as time increases. According to the prediction for the next 30 years, we can conclude that the disease will persist if we just take existing measures. If culling, sterilizing and decreasing the number of outer importing are used together, dairy cattle brucellosis will be well controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper performs degradation assessment and safety evaluation of a concrete gravity dam at Shenwo reservoir in Liaoning province of China by using two methods, i.e. deterministic method and probabilistic method, respectively. The deterministic responses of representative sluice piers are computed through static pushover and dynamic analyses. The probabilistic uncertainty analysis, including time invariant and time variant reliability analyses, is based on finite element (FE) reliability theory. For time invariant case, the material and loading parameters are considered as random variables, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, mass density and pushover forces. For time variant case, the earthquake history is simulated by using random process, and the first-order reliability method (FORM) approximation combined with Koo's analytical solution is used to compute the mean upcrossing rate for given performance functions, through which the failure probabilities are calculated. Based on the analysis results using these two methods, the safety and reliability of the dam is assessed. Furthermore, the performance assessments of the dam in its current state are compared with those in the original state (i.e. when the dam was built) to quantify its performance degradation. Finally, the assessment results of using the deterministic and probabilistic methods are compared, and the discrepancies between them are quantified and explained. The computation is based on a general FE analysis platform for earthquake engineering simulation, OpenSees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mutation of mass and stiffness between the superstructure and substructure of a hydropower station can lead to the whiplash effect on the hydropower house during an earthquake. This paper explains the mechanism of the whiplash effect based on the theory of structural dynamics. A Chinese hydropower house was taken as a test case to discuss the whiplash effect on this type of structures. An integral finite element model and partial models of the hydropower house were established according to its structural features, arrangement forms and loading features. The dynamic response and the whiplash effect of the hydropower house were investigated by direct time integration using the Newmark method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil casing tube is the foundation member of an oil well and it plays an important role in oil exploration and exploitation. The oil casing tubes are prone to failure induced by corrosion and wear during applications. Based on the fact that the damages caused by corrosion and wear are first generated on the surface of oil casing tube, adopting an appropriate surface treatment technology would be a promising approach to protect itself from deterioration. Surface treatments can fabricate protective layers with different composition or structure from the substrate. This paper reviewed the existing literatures about the protection of oil casing tube steel via surface treatment in China [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using a moving window to scan through every stock price time series over a period from 2 January 2001 to 11 March 2011 and mutual information to measure the statistical interdependence between stock prices, we construct a corresponding weighted network for 501 Shanghai stocks in every given window. Next, we extract its maximal spanning tree and understand the structure variation of Shanghai stock market by analyzing the average path length, the influence of the center node and the p-value for every maximal spanning tree. A further analysis of the structure properties of maximal spanning trees over different periods of Shanghai stock market is carried out. All the obtained results indicate that the periods around 8 August 2005, 17 October 2007 and 25 December 2008 are turning points of Shanghai stock market, at turning points, the topology structure of the maximal spanning tree changes obviously: the degree of separation between nodes increases; the structure becomes looser; the influence of the center node gets smaller, and the degree distribution of the maximal spanning tree is no longer a power-law distribution. Lastly, we give an analysis of the variations of the single-step and multi-step survival ratios for all maximal spanning trees and find that two stocks are closely bonded and hard to be broken in a short term, on the contrary, no pair of stocks remains closely bonded for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an agent-based model to investigate the role of parental relationships and intergenerational reproduction of cultural capital to understand the long-term professional success of an elite family line during the Ming and Qing dynasties in imperial China. We implemented the model by a new method: The pattern-oriented inverse simulation (POIS) method, where multiple patterns observed in an elite family line are employed to guide the model design and test alternative assumptions as family strategies. A genetic algorithm (GA) based inverse technique is applied to fit the simulation outputs with actual data grouped in time intervals as patterns. The simulation results discovered family strategies sustained by the examination systems in imperial China, which relates to important sociological theories on the impact of the intergenerational reproduction of cultural capital within family circles on social inequality in the individual entry in labor and professional markets. The case study also proved that the new methodology of POIS can improve our current practices for systematically exploring simulation parameter space and fit model output with actual data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) is a mixture of flavonoids, and showed a capability of inducing cell apoptosis; however, its properties have not yet been fully investigated. This paper evaluates the antitumor effects of PMBE in murine sarcoma S180 both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the growth inhibition of S180 cells was concentration dependent on PMBE as shown by the CCK-8 assay. The AO/EB staining and flow cytometry assay showed that PMBE induced S180 cell apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the cells in the S phase were decreased by treatment with PMBE. In vivo, the treatment of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg PMBE reduced the tumor weight and volume of S180-bearing NIH mice by 9%-67% and 13%-68%, respectively. Peripheral leukocyte count and lymphoproliferation were increased significantly after treatment with PMBE. Our results suggest that PMBE inhibits the tumor cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis and improving lymphoproliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the empirical investigation results on the urban public transport networks (PTNs) and propose a model to understand the results obtained. We investigate some urban public traffic networks in China, which are the urban public traffic networks of Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan and etc. The empirical results on the big cities show that the accumulative act-degree distributions of PTNs take neither power function forms, nor exponential function forms, but they are described by a shifted power function, and the accumulative act-degree distributions of PTNs in medium-sized or small cities follow the same law. In the end, we propose a model to show a possible evolutionary mechanism for the emergence of such network. The analytic results obtained from this model are in good agreement with the empirical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the interactions among car, bicycle and pedestrian, we in this paper present a bicycle-following model and a pedestrian-following model with the consideration of the honk effects. Using the relationship between the micro and macro variables, we obtain a macro model for bicycle flow and pedestrian flow. The numerical results show that the honk effects can enhance the bicycle and pedestrian speeds and flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an effective method from time series to complex network via phase space reconstruction is introduced. We reconstruct the phase space from a time series by the time-delay coordinate method. Each state vector of phase space is regarded as a vertex of network and the connection is based on the distance of the vertices in phase space. The networks corresponding to various time series, the x component of the chaotic Rössler system, noisy periodic time series and random series, display different topology feature. So we can determine whether a time series is chaotic series by the topology feature of corresponding network. Finally, the daily stream-flow series of Yangtze River is investigated to validate the effective of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the predictability of moving average rules for the China stock market. We find that buy signals generate higher returns and less volatility, while returns following sell signals are negative and more volatile. Moreover, the bootstrapping results indicate that the asymmetrical patterns of return and volatility between buy and sell signals cannot be explained by four popular linear models of returns, especially the phenomenon of negative sell returns. We then test the nonlinear dynamic process of returns. Although the existing artificial neural network (ANN) model can replicate the negative sell returns, it fails to capture the volatility patterns of buy and sell returns. Furthermore, we introduce the conditional heteroskedasticity structure into the ANN model and find that the revised ANN model cannot only explain the predictability of returns, but can also capture the patterns of buy and sell volatility, which are never achieved by any linear model of returns tested in the related literature. Therefore, we conclude that the moving average trading rules can pick up some of the hidden nonlinear patterns in the dynamic process of stock returns, which may be the reason why they can be used to predict price changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the price performance of call warrants in China's securities market. A recent sample of daily call warrant prices observed during the period from August 2005 to March 2007 is used. To the best of our knowledge this is the only recent study to using data from China and as such it greatly enhances our understanding of this particular market. On average, we find that the observed market prices are irrationally higher than the Black-Scholes model prices by 80.38% (using 180-day historical volatility) and 140.50% (using EGARCH volatility). However, we find another anomalous phenomenon that some of the call warrants prices are not only lower than the model prices, but have also recently been anomalously under their lower bounds. This finding seems to violate the "no arbitrage" principle. Among the convincing reasons, our findings indicate that trading mechanism constraints in China's securities market prevent rational investors from driving the prices of these call warrants to a reasonable level. Arbitrage chances are found to exist in some specific cases when the call warrant prices are below their lower bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is a Chinese mega-science project to build the largest single dish radio telescope in the world. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave a new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way. FAST also represents Chinese contribution in the international efforts to build the square kilometer array (SKA). Being the most sensitive single dish radio telescope, FAST will enable astronomers to jump-start many science goals, such as surveying the neutral hydrogen in the Milky Way and other galaxies, detecting faint pulsars, looking for the first shining stars, hearing the possible signals from other civilizations, etc. The idea of sitting a large spherical dish in a karst depression is rooted in Arecibo telescope. FAST is an Arecibo-type antenna with three outstanding aspects: the karst depression used as the site, which is large to host the 500-meter telescope and deep to allow a zenith angle of 40 degrees; the active main reflector correcting for spherical aberration on the ground to achieve a full polarization and a wide band without involving complex feed systems; and the light-weight feed cabin driven by cables and servomechanism plus a parallel robot as a secondary adjustable system to move with high precision. The feasibility studies for FAST have been carried out for 14 years, supported by Chinese and world astronomical communities. Funding for FAST has been approved by the National Development and Reform Commission in July of 2007 with a capital budget ~ 700 million RMB. The project time is 5.5 years from the commencement of work in March of 2011 and the first light is expected to be in 2016. This review intends to introduce the project of FAST with emphasis on the recent progress since 2006. In this paper, the subsystems of FAST are described in modest details followed by discussions of the fundamental science goals and examples of early science projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a novel model that studies the major factors jeopardizing tuberculosis (TB) control programme in China. A previously developed two-strain TB model is augmented with a class of individuals not registered under the TB control programme. The paper investigates the basic reproduction number and proves the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium. The presence of three endemic equilibria is established in the model. With the help of numerical simulations, a comparative study has been performed to test the validity of the model presented here to the real data available from the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Sensitivity and elasticity analysis give the key parameters that would govern successful TB control in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term traffic forecasting has played a key role in supporting the need of proactive and dynamic traffic control system. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) nonparametric regression models have been widely used in traffic prediction. KNN models give predictions based on the future state of traffic speed that is completely determined by the current state, but with no dependence on the past sequences of traffic speed that produced the current state. In fact, traffic speed is not completely random in nature, and some patterns repeat in the traffic stream. In this paper, we proposed a methodology called bi-pattern recognition KNN model (BKNN) which uses pattern recognition technique twice in the searching process to predict the future traffic state. Then the proposed BKNN model is applied to predict one day real traffic speed series of two sites, which are located near the North 2nd and 3rd Ring Road in Beijing, respectively. With the optimal neighbor and pattern size, the BKNN model provides good predictions. Moreover, in comparison with the KNN model, PKNN model (a modified model based on KNN), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and the artificial neural networks (ANN), the BKNN model appears to be the most promising and robust of the five models to provide better short-term traffic prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze and compare long-range power-law correlations of returns, absolute returns, squared returns, cubed returns and square waved returns for sixteen individual stocks from the block of energy sources of Chinese stock market and five stock indices (Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, Dow Jones Industrial Average index, Nasdaq Composite Index, the Standard and Poor's 500 Index) by using a detrended fluctuation analysis approach. The empirical evidence suggests that Shanghai Composite Index is very close to Shenzhen Component Index and Nasdaq, DJIA is very close to S&P 500 in all cases. And the exponent trends of the returns are close to that of square waved returns. Also, five indices deviate from other sixteen individual energy stocks in all cases except square waved returns. Further, there are long-range correlations and persistence in volatility series of absolute returns and squared returns. Moreover, we investigate the long-term memory of these returns by applying Lo's modified rescaled range statistic. We find that the China energy market exhibits fractal and persistence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new segmentation method based on division of space which chooses principal curves to extract strokes of characters and form the initial stroke set. The strokes in the initial set are disposed by the fuzzy theorems and grouped based on the confidence of the classifiers. The training sample space is constructed by the Affinity Propagation (AP) algorithm and the Biomimetic Pattern Recognition (BPR) theory. The strokes are arranged in a sequence divided by calculating the distance of each subsequence to the relative subspace. Finally, with the maximum posterior (MAP) criterion, the optimal segmentation hypotheses described in a probabilistic model is found. Our system is validated by experimental results from samples of real Chinese bank checks, achieving a correct rate of without 95.23% rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the statistics of extreme values and positions of extreme events in Chinese stock markets. An extreme event is defined as the event exceeding a certain threshold of normalized logarithmic return. Extreme values follow a piecewise function or a power law distribution determined by the threshold due to a crossover. Extreme positions are studied by return intervals of extreme events, and it is found that return intervals yield a stretched exponential function. According to correlation analysis, extreme values and return intervals are weakly correlated and the correlation decreases with increasing threshold. No long-term cross-correlation exists by using the detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) method. We successfully introduce a modification specific to the correlation and derive the joint cumulative distribution of extreme values and return intervals at 95% confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although recently there are extensive research on currency network using minimum spanning trees approach, the knowledge about the actual evolution of a currency web in Asia is still limited. In the paper, we study the structural evolution of an Asian network using daily exchange rate data. It was found that the correlation between Asian currencies and US Dollar, the previous regional key currency has become weaker and the intra-Asia interactions have increased. This becomes more salient after the exchange rate reform of China. Different from the previous studies, we further reveal that it is the trade volume, national wealth gap and countries growth cycle that has contributed to the evolutionary topology of the minimum spanning tree. These findings provide a valuable platform for theoretical modeling and further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tongue crack is an important pathological feature in traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis. However, in computerized tongue diagnosis, tongue cracks are not commonly used because the tongue crack features are hard to be accurately extracted. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for tongue crack extraction. First, for the purpose of enhancement of the tongue crack regions, we get line response image using tongue image gray-level and color information as well as the pixel distant gradient. Then tongue crack regions are extracted from line response image by methods such as hysteresis thresholding algorithm and so on. A database of 286 tongue images is established and used in our test, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed tongue crack detection method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An industry distribution model provides an important reference point for enterprises to extend business scope, and for governments to make industrial area planning. Current industry development models usually ignore the spatial distribution of enterprises, or build the models in virtual spaces. This paper proposes an iterating Model of Industry development in Real Space (MIRS) based on national division standards. Utilizing a multi-level iterating structure and a random concentration distribution approach, MIRS presents the fractal characteristics of log-normal distribution, self-similarity, and increasing trend of fractal information dimension. The coincidence between MIRS and actual industries is verified by the data collected from three industries in China, this allows MIRS to be an effective approach for predicting industry behaviors and a quantitative reference for decision-makers of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-gap resistive plate camber (MRPC) has been demonstrated to have good time resolution (less than 100 ps), high detection efficiency (higher than 95%) and will be used to construct a full barrel time-of-flight (TOF) detector for the STAR experiment at RHIC. The cylindrical TOF covers a total area of approximately 64 m2 and about 4000 MRPC modules will be produced. Tsinghua University and University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) are responsible for the STAR MRPC production. In this paper we will describe the Tsinghua and USTC MRPC production facilities. Our MRPC manufacture procedures, detector assembly and testing results are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep parsing of Chinese sentences is a very challenging task due to their complexity such as ambiguous word boundaries and meanings. An alternative mode of Chinese language processing is to perform shallow parsing of Chinese sentences in which chunk segmentation plays an important role. In this paper, we present a chunk segmentation algorithm using a combined statistical and rule-based approach (CSRA). The decision rules for refining chunk segmentation are generated from incorrectly segmented chunks from a statistical model which is built on a training corpus. Experimental results show that the CSRA works well and produces satisfactory chunk segmentation results for subsequent processes such as chunk tagging and chunk collocation extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]