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Riga plate is known to create a crossing electric and magnetic field to generate a wall-parallel Lorentz force. The significance of Casson nanofluid flow past a Riga plate is observed in the sphere of engineering, such as polymer extrusion, food manufacturing, plastic films, oil reserves and geothermal manufacturing. Researchers are interested in this model because of its potential use in biological rheological models. As Casson nanofluid flows are of great interest, this study aims to investigate the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow with heat and mass transport of Casson nanofluid over a flat Riga plate. As a novelty, this study also includes the effectiveness of wall velocity slip, activation energy, nonlinear radiation, and temperature and space-dependent heat source/sink. Suitable similarity transformations have been employed to generate the dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the partial differential equations (PDEs) regulating the fluid flow problem. The transformed nonlinear boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the in-built routine "bvp4c" in MATLAB. The visual demonstrations are provided for the effects of various significant physical factors on the flow, heat and mass distributions. On the other hand, wall shear stress and rates of heat and mass transport at the surface are measured and displayed numerically in tabular form. The findings indicate that the fluid velocity in both directions slows as the velocity slip parameter increases. However, the velocity profile is escalated with the boost of modified Hartmann number. An increase in heat source parameters leads to decrease the heat transmission rate at the wall. The higher values of the radiation parameter result in a better wall heat transmission rate. Further, the rate of mass transport drops when the activation energy parameter is hiked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present flow problem analyzes the impact of radiative heat and mass transfer with inclined magnetic field on thermal exchange and entropy production of two immiscible nature of electrically conducting couple stress fluid in a static porous saturated conduit. In this model, the lower and upper porous regions of the rectangular channel are occupied by two different types of couple stress fluids. The static horizontal parallel plates of the porous duct are completely isothermal and the flow of immiscible fluid through the porous duct develops because of a constant pressure gradient at the entry zone of the duct. The Brinkman model is utilized in the modeling of fluid flow through porous saturated domain and Rosseland's approximation is utilized to compute the radiative thermal exchange effect on nonmiscible couple stress fluid. In this work, authors have analyzed the effect of various thermo-physical parameters such as the Hartmann number (Ha), permeability parameter (Da), Schmidt number (Sc), Soret number (Sr) and couple stress parameter ( s i , i = 1 , 2) on the entropy generation characteristics, Bejan number distribution, thermal behavior, concentration distribution and flow characteristics of immiscible couple stress fluid which passes through the porous channel. The parameters Ha, Da, s i , Sc, Sr correspond to magnetic field effect, permeability of porous media, couple stress, mass diffusion and thermal diffusion, respectively. The most significant findings of this research work are as follows: • In a porous saturated channel, the immiscible couple stress fluid velocity, entropy production number and thermal profile get enhanced on increasing the couple stress parameter. • On increasing the Hartmann number and decreasing the permeability of porous region, the thermal properties and entropy production number both decrease. • The couple stress fluid's concentration field and Bejan number distribution get decreased on enhancing Soret number Sr and Schmidt number Sc. • The entropy generation near the wall of the channel rapidly increases on increasing the Schmidt number and Soret number. The emerging finding of this research work exhibits excellent agreement with previously published work. This research work can be utilized in food processing, petroleum products and chemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal aim of this investigation is to examine the gold and magnesium oxide hybrid nanoparticles in different physical capacities on the water-based hybrid nanofluid and elaborate on an erratic squeezing flow among both infinite plates. Melting effect and thermal radiation depict heat transfer features. Production of the Bejan number and entropy is upward. The explains the governing equations, and the standard transformation is supplied. The numerical solutions are carried out using an efficient finite element method. To analyze difference between heat transfer and its implication in industrial zone, the Nusselt number was arranged in a horizontal pattern. The results showed that a thicker thermal boundary layer increased the Eckert number and the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles. Anyhow, the heat transfer rate by Au–MgO/water was necessarily greater than the Au–water. The obtained results are excellent and vigorously oppose those that are applicable to the literature by the attached position. It was established for hybrid nanofluids to display higher entropy generation rates. The outcomes of this analysis were the consequence of the appraisal of the impact on few required form parameters in heat transfer and consequently on the expansion for industrial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of bioconvection into the application of nanoparticles has had a significant impact on fundamental technological and industrial functions in recent years. These discussions are being carried forward by the bioconvection appearance on that flow by attracting nanoparticles into additional features on thermal radiation and activation energy. The investigation had been proposed on the appealing features of the mass and thermal convective boundary constraints. The high desirable subclass on rate-type fluid, especially Williamson fluid, was used to anticipate the absolute rheological parameters. The designated partial differential system was modified along with nonlinear ordinary differential equations applying enhance being related conversion, the designated partial differential system was modified along nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The governing equations are interpreted into ordinary differential equations, and in the following, shooting process was obeyed to build up the mathematical classification on the convert dimensionless flow problem. This value of physical restraint was displayed on the table and plots tests. This noted theoretical imitation could be highly successful in improving the solar energy systems and thermal extrusion processes. The outcomes reported that the rise in Weissenberg number and Hartmann number decreased the nanoparticles velocity distribution. The progressing temperature distribution was observed to develop radiation parameter and thermal conductivity parameter. That was further noted to modify bioconvection Lewis number and Peclet number that were reduced into motile microorganism distribution effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation deals with the flow of Al2O3–water nanofluid in a wavy porous channel embedded in porous rocks. Fluid exchange takes place uniformly between porous rocks and the wavy channel. In this analysis, cylindrical and parallel plate wavy porous channels are considered. Consequences of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on the flow inside a wavy porous channel are elucidated. The modeled equations are made dimensionless by using dimensionless quantities. Impacts of flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and friction factor are depicted through graphs. The numerical results with respect to parallel plate wavy porous channel are validated by comparing with the published results. The effectiveness of the cylindrical wavy porous channel as a heat transfer enhancement device in comparison to the parallel plate wavy porous channel is confirmed in this study. Designing devices at microlevels and understanding the heat transfer enhancement mechanism in wavy channels using the nanoparticle addition are the major outcomes from the results of this numerical investigation. The heat and mass transfer rate enhancements in the wavy porous channels are due to the higher Brownian motion in the boundary layer region and accelerated thermophoresis through thermal and concentration boundary layer thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of accelerated demands of advanced technologies like power station, chemical production and microelectronics, it necessitates the need of novel type of fluids with more heat transfer capability. Due to synergistic effect, ternary composite nanofluids (TCNFs) ensure better thermophysical and Rheology properties thereby acting as better suitable heat transfer fluid in wire coating, metal spinning, aerodynamics, medicine and engineering industries, etc. In view of such relevance, flow and heat transfer aspects of TCNF MWCNT + Al2O3 + TiO2 + water induced by linear and nonlinear slips over arbitrarily inclined moving thin needle are investigated in this study. Thompson and Troian nonlinear slip model is modified by developing it in polar coordinates. Quadratic thermal radiation phenomenon is adopted. Fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to obtain requisite numerical solution. Major outcomes indicate that fluid velocity of TCNF whittles down with amplification of magnetic parameter due to the flow induced by either linear or nonlinear slips. Lower value of Reynolds number favoring linear slip leads to effective intensification of nondimensional temperature distributions. Surface viscous drag and heat transfer rate get ameliorated with growth in size of thin needle under the influence of both linear and nonlinear slips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis is framed to take care of the high heat transfer demand from various application prospects and in this context nanofluid may be in consideration because nanofluids are well-known liquids with higher heat transfer capabilities. Here, a mixed convection flow of Molybdenum disulfide-water (MoS2-H2O) nanofluid on a moving vertical plate is examined when there are chemical reactions. Nanofluid problem is investigated using Tiwari and Das model, and numerically solved by "bvp4c" method. For the considered effects in the study, overshoots in temperature profile of nanofluid are observed. Momentum and thermal layer thicknesses become thinner with suction and thicker with blowing. Temperature overshoot is higher for blowing cases. Enhanced homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions lead to rise of the concentration boundary layer's thickness. Also, magnitude of surface-drag force decays and cooling rate enhances with MoS2-H2O nanofluid mixed convection. For weaker suction and for blowing, cooling of nanofluid is faster with larger volume fraction of nanoparticles, but contrast results are obtained for greater suction. Importantly, compared to the homogeneous reaction, the heterogeneous reaction exhibits more impactful influences on flow and heat-mass transport characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This computational study was designed to examine the effect of alumina and copper on the flow of a nanofluid based on engine oil through a Darcy–Forchheimer porous media. The flow model incorporates the generalized radiative heat and mass transport rules. The Darcy–Forchheimer terms in the momentum equation and radiation term in the energy equation are integral parts of the governing nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations, which are two-dimensional partial differential equations. Under the constraint of the convective boundary, the stated PDEs are transformed into highly nonlinear versions of the ordinary differential equations. In order to solve the final ODEs, the numerical RK-45 approach is combined with the shooting methodology. Important aspects of the governing model include porosity, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), a convective boundary, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The final findings show that when the Forchheimer number increases, the velocity decreases because of the inertial effect included in the flow model. In addition, the velocity profile is improved due to the increased volume percentage of both kinds of nanoparticles. The temperature varies greatly depending on the volume fraction. A higher Biot number and the resulting convective border cause a greater heat flow than a non-convective barrier. For two particular examples, with and without MHD influence, interesting streamlines and contour graphs are produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to examine numerically the effect of using a rotating cylinder and porous layers on the forced convection in a bifurcating grooved channel (BGC) filled with two types of nanofluids (MgO-water, SiO2-water). The semi-implicit finite volumes method was used to solve the governing equations. The effects of Reynolds number, nanoparticles volume fraction, and cylinder rotation speed on hydro-thermal performances have been investigated. According to the obtained results, the rotation direction plays a significant role in the formation of vortices at the branching channel, such that when the cylinder rotates clockwise, the vortex occurs in the vertical channel, and it decreases with increasing Reynolds number. Besides, using BGC with a porous medium enhances the heat transfer rate by 52% and 49% at the vertical and horizontal walls of the porous layer, respectively. On the other hand, the heat transfer rate is improved by 2.6% when using MgO nanoparticles compared to SiO2. Therefore, the use of bifurcating grooved channels can improve the thermal performance of various applications in thermal engineering, from fuel cells to electronic cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the high heat transfer demand from application prospects. Hybrid nanofluid is a well-known liquid with higher heat transfer capabilities. Here, the time-dependent flow of hybrid nanocomposite, by hybridizing the metal (Cu) and metallic oxide (Al2O3) and inserting them into water-based nanofluid, is examined. The flow takes place over the upper half of a parabolic surface. The modified Buongiorno model is used to express the physical phenomenon in mathematical equations form. The governing system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying certain transformations. Computation of the final equations has been done by a numerical scheme, known as the Keller-box method. The significance of dimensionless flow causing physical parameters is shown through graphs and tables. The findings reveal that among the hybrid nanofluids with two types of nanoparticles varying from 0% to 5%, a nanofluid having 5% of both nanoparticles is the one with the maximum surface drag force and heat transport rate, which are 41.8% and 22.7% higher to water, respectively. A higher amount of Al2O3 than Cu results in a suitable hybrid combination for application purposes to produce higher cooling rate with less surface drag. Also, the thickness of the surface, unsteadiness, nanoparticles suspension and power index of wall temperature enhance the heat transfer rate. Thin parabolic surfaces experience less drag and have larger boundary layer thicknesses (momentum, thermal and concentration) as compared to thicker parabolic surfaces. Also, the addition of copper slows down the hybrid fluid flow field, but alumina magnifies the mobility of hybrid fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined effects of diffusion-thermo and radiative absorption on free convective hydromagnetic heat-generating chemically reactive flow of Cu-water nanofluid past an instantaneously accelerated unlimited vertical plate nested in a porous medium are investigated. A comparative analysis is executed for both isothermal and ramped conditions. The set of transformed domain equations has been obtained using a closed form of the Laplace transform method with the help of the Heaviside step function. Graphical and tabular explanations are provided for the physical characteristics of several flow parameters affecting the problem. Graphs are generated using MATLAB computing software. Findings of the problem manifest that the diffusion-thermo parameter and the radiation absorption parameter intensify the velocity and fluid temperature in the entire fluid area. This augmentation is most prominent for copper nanoparticles. Concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles in the case of ramped conditions are less than in isothermal conditions. Furthermore, the ramped parameter amplifies the heat transfer rate while reversing the mass transfer rate. It is also established that the volume concentration of nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate. The present study is of great interest in numerous fields of industry and machine-building applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]