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Fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) was successfully prepared in this paper, and the chemical structure of FGO was characterized. A series of polyimide (PI) composite films with different content of FGO was prepared by in situ polymerization. Because of the homogeneous dispersion of FGO and the strong interfacial interaction between FGO and the PI matrix, the resulting composite films that contained FGO exhibited effects of mechanical properties, thermal properties and dielectric properties that were even better than the pure PI. Furthermore, due to the hydrophobic properties of FGO, the water absorption of the composite films were reduced. The result showed when the 0.6 wt.% FGO was filled into the PI, the tensile strength was increased about 66.3%, the decomposition temperature was increased from 540∘C to 570∘C, and the dielectric constant (Dk) decreased with the increasing content of FGO, and a Dk value of 2.28 was achieved when the content of FGO was 1.0 wt.%. The FGO was obtained from graphite by modified Hummers method, and the FGO/PI composite material was prepared by in-situ polymerization. Due to the special properties of FGO, the FGO/PI composite material has more excellent mechanical and thermal properties, and greatly reduces its dielectric constant and water absorption performance. The successful preparation of FGO/PI composite material promotes its potential application value and expands its application fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]