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The aim of this study is to perform analysis of nonlinear mixed convection flow of Carreau fluid due to curved stretched surface with slip condition. Furthermore, the effect of Darcy–Forchheimer and MHD is taken into consideration. The energy equation is modified by considering the variable thermal conductivity with Joule heating effect. The governing equations of the problem are highly nonlinear partial differential equations subjected to boundary conditions. Similarity transformations are used to transform nonlinear PDEs into ODEs. The numerical technique is used to solve this problem via bvp4c. The main outcomes of this research are that the impact of Forchheimer and porosity parameter tends to decrease the fluid velocity for shear thickening case. The velocity slip condition increases the fluid velocity only near the surface but the fluid velocity away from the surface does not get affected. The changing thermal conductivity raises the temperature of the fluid near the boundary. Furthermore, the impacts of various parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are demonstrated. The values of local Nusselt number and skin friction for a different parameter are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer mechanism while considering the attributes of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and nonlinear thermal radiations in the three-dimensional steady incompressible flow of Carreau liquid on an extendable rotating disk. By using the similarity transformation, the governed equations were converted into the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. The essential characteristics of various variables like Prandtl number, Lewis number, Carreau liquid parameter, Brownian motion, thermophoresis parameter, radiation parameter, Eckert number and Hartmann number on velocity, thermal, and concentration are discussed through graphs and tables. The presented investigation divulges that the thermal and mass transfer rates enhance when Brownian motion and thermophoresis processes extended and manifest as opposing features on the concentration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports both MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) and heat generation aspects of a water-based hybrid nanofluid flow with various shapes of the nanoparticles involving Nimonic 80A and Fe 3 O 4 , over a moving wedge. Similarity transformations were adapted to obtain non-dimensional equations and solved using MATLAB bvp4c code. All the results and graphs were formulated after a positive outcome of our results with that available in existing literature. Nusselt number, which signifies the heat transfer rate in a flow, increased with an increase in empirical shape factors of the nanoparticle with a contrasting decrease in the drag experienced during the flow, represented by the skin friction coefficient. The velocity profile decreased at a rate of 0.75% for M = 0. 6 to M = 0. 8 due to the augmenting Lorentz forces while it augmented by 18.9% for an augmenting velocity ratio parameter from R = 0. 0 to R = 0. 5 due to the no-slip boundary conditions. Both the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficients decreased with an increase in magnetic parameter. An increase in the nanoparticle concentration resulted in an incrementing streamline value along with increasing temperature profile due to increasing thermal conductivity of the fluid flow system. The physical significance of the study involves in its applications in nuclear, steel industries, MRI scanning for its anti-corrosive and high thermal conductivity properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport phenomena of Casson nanofluid flow between two parallel disks subject to convective boundary conditions are analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model incorporates the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion since the Buongiorno's nanoliquid model is adopted to characterize the nanoliquid's transport features. The appropriate similarity transformations are applied to obtain the resulting nondimensional ordinary differential equations from the basic governing equations. The resulting ordinary differential equations and the associated boundary conditions are solved analytically by adopting the homotopy perturbation technique. Further, a statistical experiment is conducted to identify notable flow parameters which cause significant impact on the heat transfer rate. The characteristics of critical pertinent parameters on the flow field are graphically manifested. It is worth noting that the Casson nanofluid velocity escalates by augmenting the magnetic field parameter in the case of injection near the disks. Nanoparticle concentration is considerably diminished with an increment in thermophoresis parameter. In the cases of equal and unequal Biot numbers, the heat transfer rate is promoted with higher values of the Brownian motion parameter. Among the Casson fluid parameter, squeezing parameter and magnetic field parameter, the heat transfer rate discloses the highest positive sensitivity with the lowest value of the Casson fluid parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical research has been done on the hydromagnetic three-dimensional nanofluid flow across an inclined stretching sheet in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. It is taken into account that there are two different kinds of water-based nanofluids that contain copper and alumina. Three-dimensional nonlinear-type similarity transformations are used to convert the governing boundary-layer equations into a collection of similarity equations, which are then numerically solved by MATLAB. Further, results obtained in some limiting cases are compared to some results that have already been published, and it is found that there is good agreement. The problem is controlled by a number of physical factors, and the impact of these factors on different flow distributions is thoroughly examined with the help of graphs and tables. It has been observed that the nanofluid has better heat transfer conductivity than the ordinary base fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research leads to carrying out the productivity and the efficiency of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that have extensive applications in solar collectors. Due to the superior thermal as well as electrical properties, the use of CNTs has an important contribution to the nanotechnology revolution. Therefore, owing to the aforementioned vital points, this investigation intended to put forth the thermophysical properties of both single and multi-walled CNT nanofluids past a stretching surface. Additionally, an electrically conducting nanofluid flow phenomenon enriches due to the inclusion of dissipation (Ohmic heating) and external heat source/sink. The dimensional form of the three-dimensional fluid flow phenomena is transformed to a non-dimensional form with the use of similarity transformation and further numerical procedure is implemented to solve the nonlinear governing equations. The substantial significance of the characterizing parameters is presented briefly via figures and the comparative analysis with the earlier investigation is deployed through the table. However, the main findings of this study are as follows: A significant attenuation in the shear rate is marked for the enhanced inertial drag but it augments for the augmented values of the magnetization; further, particle concentrations of both the CNTs favor accelerating the fluid momentum as well as temperature distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a means of influencing technological advancements in engineering applications and various fluid products, the generalized Fourier's and Fick's models have proven to be of great importance. Industries such as power station engineering, high thermal material processing, and bio-heat elements apply the concept of anomalous heat and mass transfer mechanism. The objective of this study is to stimulate the flow of a radiative magnetohydrodynamics Jeffery fluid over an expanding surface with anomalous heat and mass transfer dynamics subjected to nth order reaction and variable thermophysical properties. A set of similarity transformations is used to neutralize the governing equations into a nondimensionless form. To obtain the model parametric analysis, a numerical tool via the spectral local linearization method (SLLM) is deployed after transformation of the governing flow equation from a two-unknown partial differential equations to a one-variable ordinary differential equation. It is observed that the thermal boundary layer thickness is found to be enhanced with increasing parametric values of magnetic, Eckert and radiation parameters. For the radiation parameter R ∈ [ 0. 5 0 , 2. 5 0 ] , the skin drag force, Nusselt and Sherwood number increase by 0. 6 1 % , 4 8. 0 0 % and 0. 9 1 % , respectively. Additionally, a 2 0 0 % increment in the nth order parameter boosts the rate of heat transfer by 0. 7 8 %. while it downsizes the Sherwood number by 1 4. 3 2 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has been carried out to analyze the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of the two-dimensional viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid over a vertical stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction with suction/injection in a steady state. The governing equations of the system are partial differential equations, which then give rise to a set of highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The nonlinearity in the differential equations is dealt with quasilinearization technique. The resultant equations are numerically solved using Chebyshev wavelet collocation method. The effects of magnetic field, radiation, chemical reaction and buoyancy parameters are investigated. The numerical values of local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are also tabulated and analyzed. We observe that the increase in buoyancy parameters enhances the velocity profiles and larger values of magnetic field decrease the velocity profiles but increases the temperature and concentration profiles. Error analysis has been done to check the convergence of the numerical scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Problem: The importance of improving the temperature properties of commonly used fluids in industrial processes is being addressed in this research. Nanofluids, which are composed of extremely small particles dispersed in common liquids such as water or petrol, are the main subject of this area of study. Using a vertically stretchable surface subjected to thermal radiation, the study examines the heat transfer behavior and efficiency of nanofluids.Methodology: Nanofluids that convey heat are studied by applying the fundamental rules of fluid physics to the variables that control their motion. To measure the amount of energy transferred, a nanofluid model is used. Similarity transformations are used to convert the system’s differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The subsequent set of nonlinear ODEs is solved using numerical methods. Utilizing graphical analysis, patterns of velocity and temperature may be seen, and their responses to changes in other parameters can be investigated.Implications: This research has important implications for our knowledge of how nanofluids act in heat transfer applications, especially when exposed to thermal radiation and working with vertically stretchy surfaces. The effects of flow direction and thermal conductivity on distributions of velocity and temperature were elucidated, among other important results. More effective heating and cooling systems may be possible as a result of these findings, which have consequences for improving heat transfer processes in industrial environments.Future Work: To better understand how nanofluids behave in heat transfer applications, future studies might investigate more complicated situations and boundary circumstances. It may be possible to optimize nanofluid formulations by studying the impact of various nanoparticle kinds and concentrations on heat transfer efficiency. Research could be more applicable to real-world industrial processes if the numerical results were experimentally validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their widespread use in engineering, hybrid nanofluids have been the primary focus of mathematical and physical research. Only the improvement of hybrid nanofluids’ variable heat conductivity and viscosity has been considered so far. Hybrid nanofluid flow across an inclined cylinder has many potential uses, including heat transfer and cooling in electrical devices, energy storage, refrigerants, and the automobile industry. Examining the effects of buoyant force, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, mass suction, convective thermal conditions, and a magnetic field on the stagnation point flow of a Al2O3–Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid in an inclined cylinder is our objective in this work. In order to find solutions to boundary-condition flow-describing partial differential equations, we turn them into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. We achieve this by employing a numerical strategy known as the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique, which incorporates shooting techniques. A graphical representation of the findings emphasizes the influence of many physical parameters on flow dynamics. In addition, we address the influence of drag force and rate of heat transfer on various elements, such as the Biot parameter, magnetic variable, viscosity variable, and thermal conductivity variable. The mixed convection and magnetic parameters cause the velocity profile to rise while the temperature profile falls. The research’s results elucidate the cause behind the rise in thermal contour of hybrid nanofluids, which is seen when there is an increment in thermal conductivity, radiation parameter, and Biot number. The heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.87% in the aiding flow scenario when a 2.0 mass suction is applied in conjunction with a 0.01 hybrid nanofluid, as compared to the conventional fluid. In the scenario of opposing flow, the heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.96% when compared to that of ordinary fluid. Heat transfer increases 43.00% when Rd increases from 0.1 to 0.5 for both assisting and opposing flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the applications of non-uniform heat source/sink and viscous dissipation in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Casson nanoparticles toward a porous stretchable sheet. The free convective flow for the inclusion of thermal buoyancy along with dissipative heat encourages the flow phenomena. The governing equations of the flow model are presented in terms of partial differential equations and then transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. These systems of equations are solved numerically by using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method with a very efficient shooting technique. The effects of various parameters such as the Casson parameter, elastic parameter, porosity parameter, Prandtl number, non-uniform heat source/sink constant, Eckert number, skin fraction and Nusselt number on the flow area are computed and represented graphically. The present results reflect that the velocity of nanoparticles declined effectively with the porosity parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. The temperature profile is increased with the elastic parameter and heat source parameter while decreasing with the Eckert number and Casson fluid parameter. Moreover, it is observed that when the Hartmann number is maximum, a retardation in wall shear force against nanoparticles volume fraction is marked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this study is to provide more information on the stable and incompressible stream of a hybrid nanofluid over a poignant tiny needle in two dimensions under slip boundary conditions. In the hybrid nanofluid flow, Al2O3 and Fe3O4 are nanoparticles, water and ethylene glycol (50:50) are considered as the base fluids. Furthermore, the impacts of Joule heating and inclined magnetic fields are considered. The PDE's governing equations are converted into ODEs by using similarity transformations and solved by a numerical technique based on Runge–Kutta fourth-order method. The results illustrate that the crucial parameters such as the magnetic parameter, Eckert number, nanoparticles of solid volume fractions, inclined angle parameter, and Prandtl numbers significantly affect the momentum and thermal profiles. The heat transfer rate and skin friction factors are used to calculate the numerical values of various parameters, which are displayed in a table. These analyses manifest that raising the magnetic parameter results in a decrease in the hybrid nanofluid velocity under slip and no-slip circumstances. The Nusselt number has also grown as a result of the volumetric fractions of nanoparticles and the intensification of the angle parameter. This analysis might include areas such as microfluidics, biomedical devices, heat exchangers, and other engineering applications where precise control over fluid behavior and temperature distribution is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A higher-order spectral problem is introduced, based on a special Lie subalgebra of the general linear algebra. An associated matrix Liouville integrable hierarchy, each of which consists of four submatrix equations, is generated by means of the zero curvature formulation. The corresponding Hamiltonian structure is established by the trace variational identity and two integrable reductions, of which one is real and the other is complex, are constructed under similarity transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discover the application of bioconvection and heat absorption or omission aspect of 2D incompressible MHD Oldroyd-B nanofluid over the stagnation region. Directed by suitable similarity transformations, the system of PDEs is transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ODEs. The results were made by using Runge–Kutta shooting technique. The Buongiorno model is capitalized while Oldroyd-B model is employed for portraying the viscoelastic behavior of the flow. In order to visualize the impact of relevant parameters on momentum boundary layer, temperature, concentration and microorganism profiles are computed graphically. Numerical outcomes for the local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, microorganism number and local skin friction number are calculated for different parametric situations to provide interesting features of the examination. Furthermore, it has been also observed from statistical point that the correlation coefficient of the local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, microorganism number and local skin friction number with various parametric situations are highly significant at the α = 0. 0 1 level of significance (p < 0. 0 0 0 1 for a two-tailed test). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates analytically the stability analysis of a nonlinear convective boundary layer (BL) flow of the nanofluids GO-EG and GO-W on a shrinking surface in the presence of a magnetic field and viscous dissipation. We provide a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) for temperature distribution (TD) and a third-order NODE for velocity profile (VP) coupling based on the thermophysical characteristics of the base fluid and nanofluid as well as similarity transformations (STs) in the fundamental governing equations of momentum and energy. The analytical method HAM is used to answer the equations that have been gathered. In many different industries, such as manufacturing, automotive, microelectronics, and defense, cooling of various types of equipment and devices has very important challenges. To fulfill the demands of the engineering and industrial industries, it is hoped that this issue would significantly improve the heat transformation ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of heat and mass transfer enhancement is influenced by several physical effects such as thermal conductivity, heterogeneous catalytic reaction, heat source/sink, thermal radiation and suction/injection, and is a significant area of study, particularly in the field of applied materials science, nanotechnology and mechanical engineering. The main objective of this research is to analyze and explore the heat and mass transfer of a novel ternary hybrid nanofluids binary nanofluid flow while considering the influences of the control parameters mentioned earlier. The model is developed for Hamilton and Crosser to analyze the radiation mechanism in a fluid system subjected to a Riga wedge. Due to the upgraded thermal transportation, the novel ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNs) show great potential in addressing these difficulties because of their significant properties, which include enhanced thermal conductivity, convective thermal transport and the ability to improve autocatalysis reactions. The governing model equations and boundary conditions are nondimensionalized by introducing suitable similarity transformations. Thereafter, the computational Chebyshev collocation spectral technique implemented in the MATHEMATICA 11.3 environment is used to calculate the numerical solution. The THNs demonstrate an efficiency rate of about 2.79%, with a minimum efficiency rate of 3.27%. It has been revealed that heat generation and solar radiation parameters are significant physical features for enhancing heat transfer processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper enchases the performance of the inertial drag on the Buongirino model nanofluid flow past a curved stretching surface embedding within a permeable medium. The radiating heat transport property for the interaction linear approach of Rosseland thermal radiation vis-à-vis reacting species enriches the flow behavior. Further, this study is novel due to the consideration of convective boundary conditions for both the energy and solutal bounding surface condition in association with the slip velocity condition. In a practical situation, when the fluid and surface temperature are different, it is wise not to neglect the convective boundary conditions. The application of convective conditions is useful for the fabrication of the final product in the manufacturing processes. Further, the renovation of the proposed model is obtained for the suitable assumption of the similarity transformation. Traditional numerical technique, i.e., fourth-order shooting-based Runge–Kutta is the best choice for the solution of the set of the transformed equation for the assumed parameters within their specified range. Velocity contour for different parameters vis-à-vis the parametric behavior is presented graphically. Numerical validation as well as the statistical testing for the rate coefficients are the novel approaches of this study. However, interesting outcomes are deployed as follows: The enhanced Brownian and thermophoresis both encourage the fluid temperature, whereas thermophoresis decelerates the fluid concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical analysis has been presented for stream of a mixture nanoliquid over a slendering stretched sheet in company of an external magnetic meadow under boundary layer approximations. This investigation is performed to look at the impacts of variable thickness on balanced two-dimensional (2D) flow of a hybrid nanofluid under border-level approximations as it has wider technological applications in various industries. A variable magnetic field has been considered here. An effort has been taken in this piece to report the joint impacts of variable thickness and MHD on hybrid nanoliquid flow over a slendering stretched sheet as no one has reported such effects. Here lies the novelty of the work. By applying appropriate similarity transformations, the leading partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and the solutions of the nonlinear equations are subsequently obtained numerically using shooting technique. To hold up the soundness of the statistical outcomes, an assessment is completed with the accessible known outcomes for a few meticulous cases of this study. The consequences of a variety of parameters on motion of fluid and heat transport are analyzed and talked about exhaustively with the help of tabular and graphical representations. It is found that Lorentz force slows down the border-level flow and thickens the momentum border level width. Skin-friction coefficient reduces with the decreasing values of m for m > 0 which is obvious as superior values of m help the liquid to move faster over the exterior and the thickness of the boundary layer augments with the mounting values of m (m > 0). Thus, it can be concluded that the fluid motion is controlled by the power-law index m (m < 1) since the motion slows down for m < 1 and goes faster for m > 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the fundamental characteristics of cavitation in non-Newtonian liquids and bubble dynamics and then applies them to the domains of bioengineering and biomedicine. The goal of this paper is to examine how Newtonian nanomaterial flows hydromagnetically when subjected to a spinning disc considering such biomedical and bioengineering applications. The vertical axis of the disc rotates with a uniform angular frequency. The fundamental mathematical expressions are governed by the Navier–Stokes equations with the Maxwell equations of magnetism, we obtained ordinary differential equations utilizing Von Kármán's similarity transformations. Additionally, the effects of the magnetic field and radiation restrictions are considered. The RK-4 technique is used to solve the transmuted nonlinear ODEs. The analysis of MATLAB generated flow profiles has looked for changes in the values of key parameters. It is discovered that an increase in the thermal radiation parameter causes a decrease in the nanofluid temperature while an increase in the volume fraction of magnetite nanoparticles causes an increase. The skin-friction and heat-transfer rate at the disc are highly influenced by its rotational, the porosity of the porous media, thermal radiation and nanoparticle size. The rotational parameter, which regulates the disk's rotation, is a result of the rotating phenomenon. The research demonstrates that when the disk's rotation increases, the fluid motion accelerates in both the radial and cross-radial directions. Additionally, increasing the Prandtl number significantly improves heat transport, and a higher value for the rotation parameter shows a lesser concentration phenomenon. Additionally, the Nusselt number shows a decrease curve for a changeable thermal conductivity parameter. Finally, the current research can effectively close a gap in the physique of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is accomplished to explore the pioneering of a two-dimensional ferromagnetic fluid flow over a flat elastic sheet with the magnetic dipole effect. The recent flow design was selected as it is mostly applicable in bioengineering as well as engineering fields that includes magnetic drug targeting systems. In this paper, the impacts of thermal radiation and magnetic dipole in flow of ferromagnetic Sutterby fluid for a stretching surface are examined. Some suitable similarity transformations are exploited to achieve the system of nonlinear ODEs from set of PDEs, then acquired ODEs are resolved by numerical scheme known as bvp4c technique. Impacts of ferromagnetic interaction parameter, viscous dissipation and curie temperature are perceived for velocity as well as temperature fields. Furthermore, velocity as well as thermal gradients are deliberated and scrutinized pictorially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass dispersion. The purpose of this study is to develop motion caused by boundary layer thickness sheets that are increasingly being used in various engineering fields (civil engineering, mechanical, aeronautical, maritime processes and constructions). The activation energy is a critical factor in chemical reactions due to the existence of many applications in gas-cooled reactors, nuclear thermal rockets and liquid-fluoride reactors. This study presents the numerical analysis of activation energy on three dimensional (3D) nanofluid (NFs) motion via Stretching Surface (SS) with nonlinear thermal radiation effect. This is in contrast to the conventional slip condition, convective condition applied at surface. The governing basic equations are translated into nonlinear ODEs by suitable similarity transformations. The relevant boundary value problem was explored for a numerical solution for applying the MATLAB based on Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) scheme via shooting technique. The major outcomes of current work have more concentration (ϕ (η 1)) and Mass Transfer Rate ( Sh x Re x − 1 ∕ 2 ) for various numerical values of Activation Energy ( E A ). The present solutions determine very good correlation with the previously studied ones in a special case as predicted in the tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the heat transmission of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid (Ag– Al 2 O 3 ∕ H 2 O) flows between two stretchable or shrinkable walls. The nanoparticle volume fraction is considered an uncertain parameter and is represented using triangular and Gaussian fuzzy numbers. The governing radial momentum and energy equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation and with the required boundary conditions. A generalized homotopy approach is used to analyze the impacts of embedding parameters, including the Reynolds number, stretching/shrinking parameter, opening angle, radiation parameter, Magnetic parameter, and solid volume fraction on velocity and thermal profiles in crisp and uncertain cases. The findings demonstrate that fluid velocity and temperature distribution increase as the stretching parameter increases. The correctness of the suggested technique is validated by comparing the results with the available numerical solution. It has been observed that there is a great agreement between the present results and the numerical ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of a magnetic field on a micropolar fluid, which is rotating between two horizontally arranged parallel plates. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous plate, which consumes fluid with a steady suction velocity. The obtained higher-order nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity transformation. A semi-analytical methodology has been applied to obtain the result to the problem. The influence of various flow parameters of the flow field like coupling parameter, viscosity parameter, Reynolds number, porosity parameter, rotation parameter and magnetic field parameter has been examined and explained by graphs. A resemblance between the results obtained by solving by the differential transform method (DTM) and the outcomes of the former research works has also been displayed which shows the correctness and efficiency of the used analytical method. The numerical values of the coefficient of skin friction at the lower plate are also displayed in tabular form and compared with the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the importance of mass and heat transfer characteristics of mixed convective conditions on nonlinear free convection flow embedded with non-Fourier flux and thermal radiation is numerically investigated. A partial Casson slip and mixed impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion is considered at the elastic surface. To change the highly nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential system, we used the similarity transformations and then the shooting method is employed to solve resulting equations. The significance of various physical parameters on the velocity, concentration and temperature profiles are investigated for both negative value of ferromagnetic interaction ( β 1 = − 0. 2) and positive value of ferromagnetic interaction ( β 1 = 0. 2). The governing physical aspects of coefficient of skin friction, the Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are obtained for various embedded parameters. Our findings concluded that the ferromagnetic interaction is positive and then more mass transfer rate is identified compared to the negative value of ferromagnetic interaction, but whereas in friction and heat transfer rate, it was completely mixed sense (i.e., different effects have different results). Brownian motion has less Nusselt number values in positive ferromagnetism compared to negative ferromagnetism and quite opposite behavior is observed in the presence of thermophoresis, this happened due to nonlinear flux and buoyancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this investigation is to arrange partial differential equations (PDEs) into simplified form for gradients (mass and thermal) in the inclined magneto hydrodynamic flow of hybrid (CuO–TiO2/Water) nanoliquid in a permeable media. The modeled term is extremely nonlinear with the boundary conditions. So, this research focuses on numerical solution by using bvp4c solver in MATLAB software and by applying similarity transformation. Simulations have been done to discover the dynamics of stream and the transport of heat and mass under parametric deviation. To examine the impact of a temperature gradient on the transport of mass and the role of a concentration gradient on the transport of heat energy, outcomes have been documented in tabular form and shown through graphs. Remarkable changes in motion, temperature and concentration are noted when Dufour and Soret numbers vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of heat and mass transfer between two porous disks containing porous media is the focus of this paper. In this research, (Ag–Al2O3/water)-based hybrid nanofluid is used. Governing partial differential equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. Numerical solutions to nonlinear systems of equations are achieved using the shooting technique. It is examined how the particle's diameter and nanolayer thickness affect the thermal conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid. Due to the increment of nanolayer thickness, the Nusselt number increases and vice versa for the radius of the particle. Tables and graphs show how the governing parameters influence velocity, temperature, and mass concentration profiles, as well as physical quantities such as skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. As the values of the porous medium parameters ( P m = 7 –13) and nanolayer thickness (h = 4 –12) elevate, the flow of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number escalate in both porous disks. Moreover, as the values of the particle radius (r = 9 % to 12%) and Reynolds number (Re = − 1 to 2) amplify, the flow of heat transfer rate is diminished in the lower disk. Porous materials have a high surface area, which increases the contact area between the nanofluids and the porous medium. Porous materials can enhance the permeability of the fluid, reducing the pressure drop in the system. This can be advantageous in applications where high flow rates and low-pressure drops are desired, such as in heat exchangers or cooling systems. Porous materials can provide trapping sites or adhesion points for the nanoparticles, enhancing their dispersion and stability within the hybrid nanofluids. The porosity of the flow medium can therefore influence the purification and filtration efficiency of the hybrid nanofluids, ensuring their cleanliness and functionality. Understanding and controlling the porosity can help optimize the flow characteristics of the nanofluids in various applications. Overall this field will focus on refining hybrid nanofluid compositions, improving modeling techniques, validating experimental findings, optimizing system designs, and exploring new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-Newtonian characteristic of the fluid flow phenomena has several applications in industries and the production of engineering gadgets. Based upon the role, the present work deals with the flow of Williamson nanofluid past two inclined parallel sheets. Further, the influence of radiating heat due to thermal radiation, Ohmic heating because of the magnetization, and inclined angle on Williamson fluid are presented, which are vital for the heat transfer enhancement. The proposed study became novel due to the scrutiny of entropy for the irreversibility processes within the system that is obtained due to heat transfer. The designed model with dimensional form is developed by converting to dimensionless forms with the help of similarity transformations. The finalized transformed equations are handled analytically using the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Heat irreversibility is calculated by inserting the observed values into entropy generation and Bejan number. The suggested method of solution for the momentum profile is verified by comparing it to a previously published numerical result in some limited circumstances, and great agreement is found. The result reveals that the entropy generation is enhanced near the upper wall of the channel for the magnetized particle but thermal radiation attenuates it, however, the fluid temperature boosts up for the enhanced coupling constraint i.e. for the existence of Eckert number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is great attention given to solar collectors (SCs) for their important applications based on the advantages of nanotechnology and solar radiation. Hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is our first option due to its thermophysical properties that help in improving the overall performance, unlike other nanofluids. This paper gives a detailed novel analysis of SCs with the existence of Newtonian, power-law HNF in unsteady conditions and a three-dimensional model under the consideration of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. In this research, the group transformation method (GTM) and similarity transformation steady state fluid dynamics are used to transform the mathematical model into a simpler system. This coupled system of ordinary differential equations with the related functions, dimensionless entropy generation and Bejan number is achieved at two cases of power-law index. The impact of involved parameters on velocity profile, temperature distribution, concentration field, entropy output of the system and Bejan number is depicted prominently by various graphs. The fluid velocity shows improvement with higher values of power-law index and shape factor, while it diminishes with magnetic parameter and Prandtl number. Enhancing the values of magnetic field and shape factor, results in increase of temperature characteristic which decreases with Prandtl number and power-law index. Increment in the concentration ratio parameter leads to maximize the entropy generation, whereas entropy generation diminishes with higher values of temperature ratio and magnetic parameter. The obtained results and the previously published work are compared qualitatively and quantitatively to each other to validate that the applied method is more efficient. It is predicted that the Nusselt number improves by 28.18% when the Prandtl number is taken range (4 ≤ Pr ≤ 6). The percentage of increasing in Sherwood number is noted to be 18.61% for range (0. 1 ≤ N b ≤ 0. 5) of Brownian motion parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) influenced nanofluid is gaining popularity in the industry for solar energy and scratch heat exchanger applications. Consequently, this research focuses on evaluating the impact of nonlinear thermal radiation from a CNT-based nanofluid on an unsteady three-dimensional nonasymmetric Homann stagnant flux as a function of length and radius. CNTs have remarkable thermal physical properties that appear to be critical for nonlinear thermal transport. As a result, the nonlinear heat transfer properties of H2O composed of single or multiple wall CNTs are studied. The nanomaterial has a length and radius of approximately 3 nm ≤ L ≤ 7 0 nm and 1 0 nm ≤ R ≤ 4 0 nm. Partially differential equations with appropriate similarity transformations serve as a mathematical model for the process. The numerical solution of the simplified system of equations is achieved via the use of the well-known Runge–Kutta (RK) method in conjunction with the shooting approach. An effective way to show how a component affects velocity and temperature, skin frictions in both direction and Nusselt number are utilized in graphical representations. Increasing the unsteadiness parameter causes a reduction in the temperature profile and the velocity profile in both directions. As ε grows larger with ϕ , the skin friction in both directions decreases, while the Nusselt number profile grows larger. In addition, the variation in the Nusselt number is included in the tables, along with a comparison of the model without radiation to the model with radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the impact of thermal slip and slip velocity on ZrO2 (Zirconia)–water nanofluid flow through a vertically heated permeable stretching sheet surrounded by a porous medium has been deliberated. The concept of thermal radiation is assimilated into the study. Using similarity transformations, the concerned governing flow model is changed into nonlinear ODEs and gets a solution by the R-K method. The consequence of numerous pertinent parameters in the fluid flow arena is deliberated by employing graphical and tabular approaches. The current investigation will be supportive of understanding the thermal features of heat transfer nanofluids. Outcomes of the present effort are compared with that of previously published works and found a commendable level of settlement. Our analysis sightsees that Zirconia–water achieves high temperatures due to thermal radiation. Also, it is found that Zirconia–water nanofluid lessens the heat transfer rate related to their base fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented an analysis for time-varying nanofluid thin liquid layer applied over a stretched heated plate with adjustable concentration and temperature. The governing partial differential equations of problem have been reduced to similar ordinary differential equations through similarity transformation using group theoretic method those are convenient to find solutions along with numerical solution. Analysis comprises for impact of various parameters as Prandtl number Pr, Schmidt number Sc, Thermal exponent r, Concentration exponent s, Deformation rate γ , Thermophoresis parameter N t , & Brownian motion parameter N b , on auxiliary variables like Velocity f ′ (η) , Temperature θ (η) and Concentration ϕ (η). The MATHEMATICA software is used to solve and extract graphs for problem. The results have been depicted via graphs to grasp conclusive declaration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work considers the analytical analysis of silver-water, silver-blood base nanofluid flow over fluctuating disk with the influence of viscous dissipation over fluctuating disk. The primary goal of this study is an effort to improve the heat transfer ratio, which is a core part of the engineering and industrial sectors. Following a continuity check, the problem is modeled using the conservation rules of momentum and energy. Nonlinear PDEs are produced through modeling, which are then transformed into ODEs using a similarity transformation and thermophysical characteristics. The resultant ODEs are resolved using the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (HAM). The outcomes of this method are compared to authenticate the outcomes of the obtained results. The Mathematica software is used to run HAM methods, and graphical interpretations are given to highlight the influence of dissimilar contributing factors on the velocity profile and temperature distribution. Nusselt's number, and the skin friction are examined through graphical representation. Convergence of the problem is checked with the help of graphs and tables by using dual solution of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of time-dependent magneto-free convection and its consequences for mass and energy transport are being increasingly understood in science. Unfortunately, very little is known about how the fractional generalized technique would affect a complete analysis of Maxwell fluid dynamics over a porous plate. Using the Caputo–Fabrizio time-fractional integral, the Fourier thermal flux law and the fractionally generalized Fick's equation of mass flow are both generalized. Using the appropriate similarity transformations allows us to characterize the structured governing equations, which are nondimensionalized. The dimensionless energy, concentration, and velocity distribution problem is solved using the Laplace transform method. The graph demonstrates how physical and fractional parameters are affected. Fractional derivatives may be employed to accurately represent the rheology of such fluids. The Maxwell generalized fluid across an oscillating sheet was studied by Zheng et al.3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, the increasing energy demands and its applications have seen the focus shifting to the hybrid nanofluid flows but so much is still left to be investigated. This analysis is executed to explore the hydro-magnetic flow to investigate the incompressible flow and heat transfer towards a stretching surface with velocity and thermal slips. The scaling similarity transformations are created using Lie group analysis and employing these to convert nonlinear partial differential equations to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Here, after converting equations from dimensional to non-dimensional, we will use the BVP4C solver (MATLAB) for plotting the graphs to analyze how distinct non-dimensional parameters affect the skin friction and Nusselt number transfer rate, case 1 graphene + CNT + aluminum oxide with base fluid as water and case 2 magnesium oxide + zirconium oxide + copper oxide with water as base fluid, here taking nanoparticles without different shapes. The hybrid nanofluid temperature profile has mixed behavior, and the velocity profile increases when M rises. The hybrid nanofluid temperature profile curvature has composite behavior when Pr rises. The link between several independent or predictor variables and one dependent or criterion variable has been examined using multilinear regression analysis (MLR). When coefficient values for many variables are subject to change, it can forecast a wide range of outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, influence of non-Fourier's heat flux in 2D Darcy Forchheimer flow of modified Eyring–Powell for a stretching sheet is discussed. Here, thermal conductivity of modified Eyring–Powell model depends upon temperature and porosity variable as well as Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass flux effects are also considered. By means of some suitable similarity transformations and simple BCs, coupled PDEs are transformed into a set of coupled ODEs. Resulting ODEs are solved by using bvp4c technique. The graphical results are obtained via MATLAB. The pictorial outcomes of some physical parameters are displayed. The acquired outcomes disclosed that temperature gradient decreases with the growing values of thermal relaxation parameter Prandtl number, while the concentration profile decreases for higher Lewis number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we perform a detailed group classification for a generalized convection-reaction-diffusion equation with three unknown functions. Specifically, we determine all the functional forms for the unknown functions where the given equation admits nontrivial Lie point symmetries. The classification problem provides us with eight families of equations summarized in four categories. The admitted Lie symmetries form the four Lie algebras 2 A 1 , A 4 , 4 , A 2 , 1 ⊕ A 1 and A 2 , 1 ⊕ A 2 , 1 . For the four families of the classification problem we calculate the one-dimensional optimal system and we derive all the similarity transformations which reduce the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation. Applications of the similarity transformations are presented while exact solutions are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This thermal case pronounced the stability framework for stagnation point flow of magnetized alumina and copper nanoparticles with due exponentially shrinking permeable surface. The thermal stability and enhancement of water base liquid had been taken into account with uniform impulsion of hybrid nanomaterials. The induced flow results via exponentially shrinking permeable surface. The similarity transformation simplifies the mathematical model where governing formulated system for hybrid nanofluid is altered into the nondimensional form. A numerical solver called bvp4c is employed in MATLAB software to aid in the problem-solving process, and dual branches have been found. The significance of pertaining parameters associated to the flow model is inspected in view of thermal properties. The findings show that there are two branches for suction strength (S > S c) and magnetic strength (M > M c). The bifurcation values S c and M c reduce for the occurrence of dual branches as the solid volume percentages of copper increase. Furthermore, for the upper branch solutions, the skin friction and heat transfer rate rise as ∅ Cu increases. The temporal stability analysis determines the stability of the dual branches, and it is discovered that only one of them is stable and physically applicable. The presence of suction parameter effectively controls the thermal transportation phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic particles are essential in materials science, biomedical, bioengineering, heat exchangers due to their exceptional thermal conductivity and unique properties. This work aims to model and analyze the biomagnetic fluid flow and heat transfer, namely the flow of blood with magnetic particles (Fe3O 4) induced by stretching cylinder with linear and nonlinear stretching velocities. Additionally, this study investigates the impact of particles diameter and their spacing under the influence of ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) principle. The collection of partial differential equations is transformed using similarity transformations to produce the theoretically stated ordinary differential system. An efficient numerical technique, which is further based on common finite difference method with central differencing, a tridiagonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure are used to solve the problem numerically. The major goal of this extensive study is to enhance heat transformation under the influence of numerous parameters. There have been numerous displays of the velocity profile, temperature distribution, local skin friction factor and rate of heat transfer in terms of the appearing physical parameters. It is observed that variation in velocity and temperature distributions is the cause of increasing the ferromagnetic interaction parameter and the size of magnetic particles. The enhancement of particle diameter causes an increment in the skin friction while the rate of heat transfer declines. For verifying purposes, a comparison is also shown with previously published scientific work and found to possess suitable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present two hierarchies of nonlocal reduced integrable mKdV-type equations from a vector integrable hierarchy associated with a matrix Lie algebra, not being A type. The key point is to make similarity transformations for the spectral matrix, which keep the associated zero curvature equations invariant and then there follow reduced nonlocal integrable mKdV-type equations. The success lies in determining a Laurent series solution to the corresponding reduced stationary zero curvature equation, which generates temporal matrix spectral problems in the zero curvature formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the impacts of velocity, temperature, and solutal slip on the mass and heat transfer characterization of MHD mixed convection Casson fluid flow along an exponential permeable stretching surface with chemical reaction, Dufour and Soret effects. The Casson fluid is supposed to flow across an exponentially stretched sheet, together with the exponential temperature and concentration fluctuations of the fluid. As governing equations, the momentum, energy and species concentration equations are constructed and represented as PDEs. Following that, these equations were converted via the similarity transformation into ODEs. Finally, the ODEs are numerically solved using the Keller-box method with MATLAB software's algorithm. Expressions are produced for the fluid flow, temperature and concentration gradients. We also determined the physical variables from which the friction factor, rate of mass and heat transfer are attained for engineering purposes. Using graphs and tables, the impacts of altered physical characteristics on flow amounts are explored. The consistency and validity of our outcomes revealed a significant degree of agreement when comparing them to previously published studies. The findings reveal that raising the Soret and Dufour parameter enhances the velocity profile at the wall, but the converse is true for increasing the velocity slip factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a chemical reactive Maxwell nanofluid flow in porous media with generalized Fourier and Fick laws in the presence of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and robin conditions past a spinning cone. The characteristics of the fluid flow are examined using the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The equations that regulate the flow are highly nonlinear and are simplified using similarity transformations. Numerical solution is obtained by employing the bvp4c technique. The characteristics of various parameters on tangential and azimuthal velocities, heat, and mass transfers are depicted graphically. An opposing behavior on the tangential and azimuthal velocity fields is depicted in elevating the Deborah number. The solutal field upsurges on increasing the order of the reaction. The mass flux strengthens by augmenting the Schmidt number and solutal relaxation time. The validation of the proposed model in the limiting case is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a complete algebraic classification of the Lie symmetries for generalized Zoomeron equations. For the generalized 1 + 1 and 2 + 1 Zoomeron equations we solve the Lie symmetry conditions in order to constrain the free functions of the equations. We find that the differential equations of our consideration admit the same number of Lie symmetries with the non-generalized equations. The admitted Lie symmetries form the Lie algebras 2 A 1 , A 3 , 3 for the 1 + 1 generalized Zoomeron equation, and the A 4 , 5 a b , 3 A 1 ⊗ s 2 A 1 in the case of the 2 + 1 generalized Zoomeron equation. The one-dimensional optimal system is constructed for the two equations and similarity solutions are derived. The similarity transformation led to the derivation of kink solutions. Indeed, the similarity exact solutions determined in this work are asymptotic solutions near the singular behavior of the kink behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of non-Newtonian fluids can't be denied owing to their immense industrial and engineering applications. Taking this point in mind, the motivation of the current investigation is to examine the influence of a magnetic dipole on two-dimensional nonelectrical conducting Oldroyd-B fluid flow in the existence of thermophoretic particle deposition along a linearly stretching surface. The exponential space-based thermal source and the temperature-dependent heat source/sink are incorporated into the thermal equation. The fluid concentration is strengthened with binary activation energy and Arrhenius chemical reaction. The set of ordinary differential equations that are attained after applying the similarity transformations is resolved numerically by the bvp4c approach of MATLAB software. The impact of diverse parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration are graphically examined. The quantities of physical importance are also computed and analyzed numerically. The results revealed that fluid velocity and temperature have opposing trends for the ferromagnetic interaction parameter. It is also witnessed that the fluid concentration arguments for the chemical reaction parameter. The validation of the model in the limiting case is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squeezing flow of Casson liquid between two disks is a practical application in compression, polymer processing and injection molding. In this paper, the Casson liquid flow between two convectively heated disks is analyzed using Buongiorno model. Further, the heat and mass transport analysis is done by considering the impact of heat source/sink and activation energy. The continuity and momentum equations governing the unsteady two-dimensional flow are derived using conservative laws. The equations are reformulated using the similarity transformations and the reformulated equations are solved numerically with MATLAB routine bvp4c. The effect of embedding different physical parameters on the flow is analyzed through the graphs for both suction and blowing cases along with comprehensive solutions and equal Biot numbers. Results are validated with the existing literature. For both suction and blowing cases, squeezing number decreases the velocity near the lower disk but increases the velocity near the upper disk. Increasing magnetic field strength slightly increases velocity near the lower disk for equal Biot numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation of this research is to study the effect of suction process on a growing gas bubble and concentration distribution around this bubble in tissues of divers who surface too quickly. The effect of bubble motion is also considered. The method of combined variables is used to solve the problem by combining the radial and time variables into one variable by using a suitable similarity transformation that enables to divide the diffusion equation into two ODEs, the first concerns to concentration distribution and the other concerns to the bubble radius evolution. The resultant formulae are valid for both growth stages whenever the ambient pressure is variable at ascending of the diver, or constant as the diving stops or at sea-level. The effects of physical parameters are discussed when applying suction process and show that the dominant parameter is the initial void fraction. The research findings reveal the role of suction process to activate the systemic blood circulation and delay the growth of gas bubbles in the tissues and reduce the incidence of decompression illness (DCI). This research also provides evidence and agrees with the previous experimental studies to support the use of suction therapy to reduce the DCI harmful effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of this work is based on symmetry analysis of perturbed fractional Boussinesq equation. For beginning the group formalism, invariance properties and conservation laws of the nonlinear perturbed fractional Boussinesq equation have been explored generally. This method was first described by Lukashchuk [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 68 (2019) 147–159]. The key subject is that when the order of fractional derivative in a fractional differential equation (FDE) is nearly integers, we can approximate it to a perturbed integer-order differential equation with a small perturbation parameter. For obtaining the results, perturbed and unperturbed symmetries are computed. Then, the methodology of reduction is applied for finding some new solutions by the symmetry operators of the equation. These solutions are obtained by the similarity transformations of the symmetries. Another exact solution will be found with constructing one-dimensional optimal system of the symmetries. Finally, the meaning of nonlinear self-adjointness concept is attended in order to find conservation laws with informal Lagrangians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a special group is used to introduce the two-direction two-scale similarity transform (TDTST) of the two-direction refinable function, and the existence of the solution of the two-direction refinable equation is discussed by the TDTST transform. The approximation order of the two-direction refinable function is discussed by the TDTST transform. Whether the TDTST transform can maintain the orthogonality of the two-direction refinable function is discussed, and it is pointed out that a special real orthogonal matrix can maintain the orthogonality. It is pointed out that the TDTST transform can maintain the symmetry of the two-direction refinable function. Finally, an example is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study inspects the steady flow of a Jeffrey nanofluid stimulated by the linear stretching of a curved sheet. Working fluid is made up of graphene nanoparticles in a base medium of water. The heat sink/ source and convective boundary condition phenomenon highlights the heat transfer of the flow. The effect of liquid–solid interfacial layer and the nanoparticle diameter is also presented at the molecular level to illustrate the thermal integrity of the considered flow. Leading equations are numerically assessed after being transformed into dimensionless forms by using similarity transformations. To enhance the analysis part, several graphs and tables are shown. The features of a wide range of parameters are explored and discussed. The impact of these parameters on the rate of heat transport is also explored. Results reveal that the nanofluid velocity increases for curvature parameter. In addition, the heat transmission amplifies for heat source parameter and convective parameter. The rate of heat transport amplifies for curvature parameter and Biot number but deteriorates for heat source/ sink parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the study of an incompressible electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) Jeffrey fluid flow over a vertical nonlinear stretching surface of variable thickness. Heat and mass transfer effects are analyzed by considering different source terms like viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, thermal heat source, exponential heat source and activation energy. Governing equations for the flow system are converted into dimensionless forms using appropriate similarity transformations. The solution for the resulting governing equations is obtained by using the shooting technique with RK-4 method. The effects of various physical parameters such as magnetic field parameter (M) , Grashof number (Gr), solutal Grashof number (G c) , Brownian diffusion parameter (N b) , thermophoresis diffusion parameter (N t) , thermal heat source parameter (Q t) , exponential heat source parameter (Q e) , Prandtl number (Pr) and Lewis number (Le) are presented with the help of graphs. It is observed that the heat transfer effects increase by increasing thermal and exponential heat sources, and mass transfer effects enhance by increasing the activation energy. Entropy generation for this flow system is also analyzed. Entropy decreases with an increase in the electric field parameter. In contrast, the Bejan number initially increases with an increase in the electric field parameter. After some particular value of electric field parameter, it changes its behavior in the boundary layer and decreases with an increase in the electric field parameter. Entropy and Bejan number increase with an increment in the concentration difference parameter. The accuracy of the results is validated by those of published literature and found in reasonable justification. The present results may be helpful in many engineering and industrial applications like manufacturing lubrication, natural gas networks, cooling nuclear reactors and spray processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]