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BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the commonest community acquired and nosocomial infections encountered by clinicians in developing countries like India.Untreated UTI may lead to recurrence, renal scarring and renal failure. UTI is most often treated by empirical broad spectrum antibiotics.The main aim of this study was to identify the organism isolated from the urine and determine its antimicrobial resistance pattern so as to provide data for reference which may be of epidemiological and clinical importance regarding widespread multidrug resistance among uropathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at DRPGMC Kangra at Tanda (Himachal Pradesh), India. Atotal of 3101 urine samples were collected from patients during a period of one and half year from April 2019 to September 2019.The urine samples were then cultured using a standard loop containing 0.01 ml of urine on CLED and MacConkey agar. The inoculated plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18–24 hrs. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done on Mueller hinton agar plates that were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18–24 hrs as per CLSI guidelines. RESULT: A total of 3101 clean catch samples were received in the Department of Microbiology,. Out of these only 640(20.64%) samples show signicant bacterial count. Among 640 samples with signicant bacterial count 178(27.81%) were from male and 462(72.19%) were from female patients.The common isolated Gram Negative bacteria were E. coli (68.3%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (11.7%). Susceptibility was seen in majority with fosfomycin, imipenem and nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION: Escherichia coli remained the predominant isolate among enterobacterales and gram negative organisms, more commonly in females. Regular antimicrobial susceptibility is required to be carried out to see the current pattern of susceptibili

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent clinical bacterial infections in women. They are at higher risk to acquire UTI during pregnancy. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a cause of increasing concern. Thus, knowledge of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common uropathogens is essential for empiric therapy of UTIs. Retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of DRPGM MATERIALS AND METHODS: C Kangra at Tanda. Study was conducted for the period of one years ie. from July 2020 to June 202. Urine samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for identication and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates. RESULTS: During the 12-month study period, out of the 1266 samples screened, 977(77.2%) were sterile, 224(17.698%) samples showed signicant growth of >10฀CFU/ml and 65(5.1%) were contaminanst or insignicant growth, which were excluded from the study. E. coli alone accounted for 66.9% of the urinary isolates followed by Klebsiella spp 12.9%. Among the Gram-positive cocci, Enterococcus isolated from a single sample and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus were seen in two urine samples. Signicantly high susceptibility was seen with fosfomycin(90%) and nitrofurantoin(84%). Resistance was quite high against the noroxacin(30.3%) and cefazolin(17.8%). The susceptibility patterns seen in our study see CONCLUSION: m to suggest that it is necessary to obtain sensitivity reports before initiation of antibiotic therapy in cases of suspected UTI

Background: Hepatitis B(HBV) is a blood borne virus and it is one of the most important occupational hazards among healthcare workers (HCWs) & Medical students. This study aimed to measure the anti-HBs titres and to assess the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in HCW and medical students. It was a prospective,descriptive and cross sectional hospital base Material and method: d study. Medical students and healthcare workers who had received all three doses of hepatitis B vaccination were included in the study. A total of 200 subjects , aged between 18 and Result: 62 years were taken. 182 were vaccinated and 18 were unvaccinated. 85 were males and 115 females. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B was nil. Antibody titres were >100mIU/ml in 51.6% , 10-100mIU/ml in 16.4% &