Search

Rape is the third largest oil crop in the world and the first one in China. The national average rapeseed yield is only 2 077. 5 kg/hm², and the rapeseed oil yield is 894 kg/hm². This paper introduced the main types, germplasm resources, breeding bases and breeding progress of Chinese rape, and studied its high-quality varieties, breeding patents and new varieties of agricultural plants. We analyzed the main problems such as serious loss of germplasm resources in Brassica campestris L. and Brasica juncea (L.) Czern. et Cus and weak "agricultural chip" in rape field, and put forward strategies such as strengthening the protection of rape germplasm resources, encouraging the development of " agricultural chip" in rape industry clusters with national advantages and characteristics, and strengthening the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviewed the main components and contents of agricultural support policy system in China. By using the fundamental definition and measuring method from OECD, the research studied the relation between agricultural support level and farmers' income from 2003 to 2012. The aim of the paper is to discuss the effect of agricultural support policy on farmers' income, and provide policy suggestions for the policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change in the past one hundred years has brought important influence to the natural ecosystem and social - economic system of the world and China, The impact of future climate change is also long-term and huge, and many effects are negative or adverse. Therefore, from now on we must take measures adapting to climate change to overcome the adverse effects of climate change on social - economic - ecological system, In this paper, starting from the urgency of integrated climate change risk governance, the risk of natural disasters intensifying caused by climate change is briefly described, and engineering and non engineering measures of the integrated climate change risk governance in China's high risk region are proposed, as well as recommendations on integrated risk governance in the eastern, middle and western China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tibet Autonomous Region is located in the southwest of China. As a special area with high altitude, low temperature, abundant and diverse resources, the development of agricultural modernization has itself development attribute and feature. Agricultural development area of Tibet mainly concentrates in the "one river and two streams" basin. In this paper, combining the development of modern agriculture on the plateau, the connotation and characteristics of the development of plateau modern agriculture are illustrated from the angle of environment economics. Based on the observation method, linking theory with practice and combining literature research method, descriptive study is conducted, and the specific problems in the development of plateau modern agriculture in the agricultural basin are found. For example, the development of agriculture in Tibet has low utilization rate of resources and unbalanced distribution, agricultural mechanization shows gradient development, productivity and agricultural extension are backward, efforts to promote innovation and science knowledge are not enough, agricultural pollution expands, and the awareness of environmental protection is low. In view of the above problems, we put forward some countermeasures and suggestions: developing local advantage characteristic agriculture, developing cooperative economic organization, establishing the training promotion mode of theory combining with practice, establishing agricultural industry system of sightseeing tourism ecology. The research could provide theoretical suggestions for the future development of plateau modern agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High conservation value forest (HCVF) theory has aroused wide concerns among related forestry sectors in China, but the zoning and identification of HCVF only have been implemented in a few forest management units (FMUs). As there is no quantitative indicator for identifying and zoning HCVF in China, most FMUs are unable to have an exact zoning result This paper introduced the concepts of HCVF and ecological forest, and compared their similarities and differences in terms of identification criteria, zoning methods and application scope. With four Chinese FMUs as case studies, some suggestions were proposed for establishing a zoning scheme of HCVF so as to promote the development of HCVF in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1, 2015, there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper, according to the current situation of environmental pollution and protection in thermal power industry, it is proposed that based on the new environmental protection law, it is neeoed to study various environmental economic policies on thermal power industry and analyze the effects on environmental cost of thermal power enterprises at the macro level. At the micro level, it is necessary to control environmental cost of thermal power enterprises effectively, and establish a suitable environmental management system for environmental economic policies including environmental cost accounting and trading of emission rights, thereby improving environmental management level of thermal power enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture is a fascinating and complex mixture of cultural practices. Different cultures are intertwined to form a new system. The relationship between Chinese native architecture and Western construction methods in the development of Chinese construction from 1840 to 1937 is inspected. Based on Chinese and British sources, special attention is paid to building materials and different aspects of the building process. The research shows that the complex interaction in shaping Chinese architecture has led to a new style and a new construction method, which combines the characteristics of two systems in material supply and use, construction technology, builder organization, tools used and the education received. In the construction and protection related to integration and confl ict, the development of contemporary China's emerging construction protection industry is similar to the history of modern Chinese architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the distribution and taxonomy of the subtribe Lagriina in different provinces and regions of China was summarized. According to related data, different species of the subtribe Lagriina mainly distribute in the south of China. To be specific, Yunnan Province owns the greatest number of species, followed by Fujian Province and Sichuan Province. This study laid the theoretical foundation for further investigation of the evolutionary process of the subtribe Lagriina in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to answer the question that whether farmers can adjust better to climate change in the short-term than in long-term by using panel data models and long difference models respectively. We find that short term weather shocks are less detrimental to maize yield than the long-term climate changes, which can be seen as the evidences of adaptations. For adaptation options, we find farmers choose to decrease maize planting area or enlarge the irrigation inputs to cope with the increase of extreme heat days; when there are more precipitations, farmers will increase the input of fertilizer or labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater after chemical flooding is difficult to be treated by biological methods due to the residual chemicals in the wastewater. Fenton oxidation, which has been widely applied to detoxifying hazardous organic compounds and improving the biodegradability of these compounds, can solve this problem. So, in this paper, Fenton oxidation was used to enhance the biodegradability of the wastewater after chemical flooding. The optimum operating conditions tor the Fenton oxidation process were 2.5 g/L Fe2+, 600 mg/L H2O2 and 30 min of treatment time. The wastewater pretreated by Fenton oxidation was treated by aerobic activated sludge. It was found that a small amount of H2O2 can significantly increase both the biodegradation rate and extent of the wastewater. The effluent CODCr and HPAM contents were 260 and 94 mg/L respectively after the aerobic biological process with the biodegradation time of 24 h. After Fenton oxidation combining with biodegradation, the total CODCr removal efficiency was up to 90%, and polymer and oil degrading efficiencies were 95% and 92% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper fakes the Tongyu County as an example, based on the evaluation indicator system of eco-environmental stress, using the method of the entropy -GM(1,1), the eco-environmental stress is evaluated and forecasted. Results show that the shortage of wafer resources, the desertification, the salinization, the grassland degeneration and the population increase are major stress factors of eco-environmenf worsening in the Tongyu County; eco-environmental stress coefficient from 1994 to 2013 in the region was increasing year by year, and the stress degree jumped from level-ill to level-IV. The forecast results show that it the measures don't be taken to protect eco-environment, the stress coefficient still grows, and the stress degree aggravates. In view of the above situation, we fake the measures to lighten eco-environmenf stress, and promote the coordinated development of resources, environment and social economy, which is linking rivers and lakes, wafer resources optimization, preventing and controlling the deseritication and the salinization, improving the degenerated grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using concentration data of PM2.5 in 2013 in China and referring to a lot of literature, we preliminary studied the pollution of fine particulate matter and suImnaazed PM2.5 source apportionment in the key cities in China. Our results showed that PM2.5 showed significant spatial and temporal distribution; high surface concentrations of PM2.5 concentrated mainly in the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin, Yangtze River Delta and other regions; the average annual concentration of PM2.5 was about 80μg/m3 in North China Plain; Seasonal changes in the concentraton of PM2.5 was winter > spring > autumn > summer; fired sources, industrial sources, vehicle exhaust were the major sources of PM2.5 ; motor vehicle exhaust mostly contributed 10% - 30% to PM2.5. This review provides a fundamental undertanding of PM2.5 source apportionment and serves as an important reference for future source apportionment studies to be widely conducted in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, T639 global spectral model numerical forecast products issued by numerical prediction center of China Meteorological Administration and precipitation data at 676 regional stations of Gansu during flood season were used firstly for interpretation. Then, through the establishment of multiple linear stepwise regression equation, daily precipitation forecast with the time interval of 6 h during 0 – 72 h in May, 2013 in Gansu Province was obtained. By precipitation forecast verification analysis, it was found that the precipitation forecast in Hexi region and central Gansu Province had best effect; forecast in some places of east Hedong region had relatively good effect; part of the city or state forecast effect in the plateau slope zone was relatively lower. The refined precipitation forecast had certain reference and use value in the post-production Gansu Province highway forecasting during flood season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of marine economy in coastal provinces and cities, there comes a series of environmental problems. Marine regional management, as a completely new marine management mode, transforms traditional management mode and can protect marine ecosystem. Thus, the marine regional management is feasible and applicable in China. This paper firstly discussed connotation and development of the marine regional management in China and pointed that the marine regional management is integrated management of a certain marine region. Next, it summarized characteristics of the marine regional management at current stage, for example, land-based pollution of trans-geographic system and marine management under regional government cooperative mechanism. Finally, it came up with recommendations including combining theory and practice of the marine regional management, and establishing marine regional management system as soon as possible, to realize benign interaction and sustainable development of marine economy and ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the practical experiences of Guangdong carbon emissions trading pilot, the key issues such as cap setting, allowance allocation, system defects, regulatory integration and MRV mechanisms were analyzed in this paper from the localization perspective. A number of solutions and policy recommendations were also proposed in this study in order to solve these barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the water quality standards in operation include the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and Water Quality Standards for Seawater (GB3097-1997). However, these two standards are currently not suitable for the estuarial zones of China because of the unique properties of water environment in estuaries. We proposed preliminarily/ a basic idea and technical workflow in formulating water quality standards for the estuaries of China based on analyzing the water environment properties of estuaries comprehensively and comparing various parameters and their standard values mentioned in these two standards above. Issues pertinent to the formulation of the water quality standards for estuaries, e. g. nutrient, heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are highly concerned. The objective of this paper is to provide technical support for the formulation of scientific water quality standards and the assessment of water quality of the estuaries of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planning environmental impact assessment (EIA) of transmission and transformation power grid at levels of 500 and 220 kV had been finished completely in the 13 municipalities of Jiangsu Province by the end of 2012, which played important roles in guiding and planning the following transmission and transformation projects in environmental protection. In this paper, through the detail analysis on the objective and significance of the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid, legal basis and planning EIA practices, some suggestions and thinking about the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on increasingly grim situation of carbon emissions in China, air pollution control and carbon emission reduction are very important. Therefore, combining with China's specific national conditions, we should explore the market mechanisms to control air pollution and reduce carbon emissions in China. The achievement of the carbon emission reduction purpose needs to establish the carbon trade market based on intensity emission reduction and suitable for China's national conditions. By setting the cross-industry, cross-region and cross-time carbon trade scenarios in China, this paper tries to study the market mechanism of carbon intensity trade among industries and regions and based on carbon finance mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid economic and social development, China is in rapid development period of urbanization now. Urbanization is an inevitable trend of mankind development, and is also a necessary stage of a country moving toward modernization. The rapid development of urbanization has a major impact on urban hydrology. Urban hydrologic environment, hydrologic element, water resources and water quality were discussed in the paper. Based on the analysis of urban hydrological effect, from the angles of subject development and application, corresponding countermeasures and outlook of the urban hydrology problem were put forward. The research can provide support for reasonably planning and designing urban flood control and drainage systems to promote urban environment-friendly development, having certain practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The research aimed to study relation between energy consumption and climate change in China. [Method] Climate change characteristics from 1951 to 2009 in China were summarized. Economic and social developments in China in recent 50 years were analyzed from production and consumption amounts of the energy,energy source composition and energy consumption of the GDP(ten-thousand yuan). Influences of the energy consumption and economic development on climate change were discussed. [Result] Annual average temperature of China increased obviously from 1951 to 2009,and regional difference was distinct. Increasing trend of the temperature in the north of 35° N was bigger than that in the south. Increasing trend of the temperature in northeast China and Inner Mongolia reached 0. 04 °C /a. The average temperature from 1981 to 2009 was higher than that from 1951 to 1980,and the biggest difference value was more than 2. 0 °C. Mutation of Chinese energy production and consumption happened in 1985,but average temperature of China had an obvious mutation in 1989,showing temperature mutation lagged behind energy production and consumption mutation. Energy consumption of the GDP(ten-thousand yuan) decreased evidently from 1978 to 1997. Beginning from 1998,the decreasing pace slowed down markedly,and there was a rebound in 2003. Chinese new energy amount was increasing year by year. Because the total energy consumption amount was also increasing,new energy proportion had been maintained about one quarter. The energy consumption increasing model with energy consumption coefficient and the model without energy consumption coefficient were set up in this paper. It was found that Chinese energy structure changed a little after considering energy consumption coefficient. Proportion of the coal decreased,while proportions of the oil,natural gas and electric power increased. Temperature changing trend was consistent with that of the economic development and energy consumption. Change trend of the average temperature basically presented good positive correlation with effective energy consumption amount,and the maximum correlation coefficient was 80%. [Conclusion] The research proved the importance of developing clean efficient energy and carrying out low-carbon economy to relieve climate change of China. It was urgent to carry out low-carbon economy and transform economic growth manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a carrier for food production, protection of arable land quantity and quality is the basis of quality and high yield agriculture. In recent years, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, arable land red line is at risk, and the quality of arable land has been declining, which are not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture, but also threaten " the food problem" of the country's 1.3 billion people. This paper attempts to analyze the current situation of arable farmland quality, reasons for the arable farmland quality decline and its impact on food security in China, and explore effective measures to improve the quality of cultivated land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the distribution status of genera and species of the tribe Balptini discovered in China was summarized. According to related data, 19 genera and 169 species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in various provinces and regions of China. Different genera and species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in different regions. This study laid the theoretical foundation for further investigation of the evolutionary process of tribe Blaptini in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As gradual improvement of living environment and indoor decoration form diversification, the indoor air pollution has become the "invisible killer" harming human health, and has been listed as one of ten big threats to human health by the World Health Organization, which also became one of hot issues concerned by countries all over the world. In this paper, trough the determination of formaldehyde in some houses of Binzhou, the release of formaldehyde with the increase of time was explored; change of formaldehyde in the same residence in different functional areas was analyzed; the influence of the temperature, humidity and plant to formaldehyde content was also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the situation of soil pollution prevention and control in foreign countries was discussed, then the present situation of soil pollution in China was analyzed , and the countermeasures to ensure the soil ecological environment security in China were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The damage caused by geological and meteorological disasters was pointed out in this paper through analyzing the features and causes of geological and meteorological disasters. To strengthen emergency management of geological and meteorological disasters, it is suggested to rigorously investigate potential geological hazard points, to strengthen observation and warning system, to take group prevention and group test as a supplementary to professional observation, to build up the last line of defense to geological and meteorological disasters, to set up functional cooperation mechanism, and to publicize disaster prevention and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Exostira bisbimaculata Pic, 1935 was found in Hainan, China. The present paper provides ihe detailed redescriplion and illustrations. A key to the genus Exostira from China was provided in this study. Specimens are deposited in the China West Normal University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The research aimed to study variation of the urban heat island(UHI) intensity and its relationships with air pollutants in Kunming. [Method] Observation data of the air temperature series from Kunming station and surrounding Taihuashan meteorological station were used to investigate the variation characteristics of UHI intensity in Kunming during 2001-2010. Meanwhile,relationship between UHI intensity and air quality on the basis of concentration data for primary air pollutants(SO2,NO2 and PM10) from environmental monitoring station of Kunming was studied in this paper. [Result] Annual mean UHI intensity increased at the rate of 0. 110 °C/10 a,and UHI intensity was higher in dry season than that in rainy season. The change trend of air pollutants level in Kunming was in accordance with that of the UHI intensity. When UHI intensity reached peak value,air pollutants showed high concentration. UHI intensity had significantly positive correlation with air pollutants level. Annual mean UHI intensity had significantly positive correlation with PM 10 level under the likelihood of 95%,but monthly mean UHI intensity had significantly positive correlation with NO2 level under the likelihood of 99%. In addition,annual statistics days with Grade I air quality obviously decreased with the strengthenment of UHI intensity. Therefore,air quality in Kunming City turned more deteriorated with the enhancement of UHI intensity. [Conclusion] The research findings provided a valid scientific basis for the mitigation of UHI and improvement of the atmospheric environment in Kunming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the daily precipitation data of 545 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2016, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in different months of China were diagnosed from three aspects: climatic characteristics, variation trend and interannual variation. The results showed that: (1) Rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in different months of China from 1961 to 2016 had similar spatial characteristics in corresponding months. From January to July, the high-value areas of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days gradually expanded from southeast coast to northwest inland, but mainly distributed in the east area of Hu Huanyong Line. From August to December, it shrank from northwest to southeast coastal areas. Rainstorm rainfall and rainy days were less distributed in different months in the west area of Hu Huanyong Line; (2) From 1961 to 2016, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of rainstorm rainfall in different months in China were basically consistent with that of rainy days. May to August was the most significant month for the variation trend of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in China. It mainly distributed in the southeast monsoon area, and was mainly increasing trend. The trend of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in northwest China changed slightly in different months; (3) The interannual variability of rainstorm rainfall in different months in China from 1961 to 2016 was similar to that of rainy days. The fluctuation characteristics from April to October were larger in the northern region. The southern region fluctuated greatly from November to December in January to March. With the development of the month, the high-value areas with large daily fluctuations of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days gradually expanded from southeast to northwest, northeast and southwest, and the fluctuations in southeast tended to decrease, then shrank from northwest, northeast and southwest to southeast, with the increasing fluctuations in southeast. The study has certain reference significance for flood control and disaster reduction and water resources planning and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese villages are precious historical and cultural heritage and special tourist attractions. This study took 646 traditional villages that announced by the government in 2012 as an example to analyze the spatial structure of the traditional villages in China by means of GIS spatial analysis tools and quantitative analysis methods, namely the nearest distance index, geographic concentration index, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. The results showed that: ① in terms of the spatial distribution density, the average density of traditional villages in 29 provinces (cities, districts) was 0.70/10,000 km2, showing a large provincial gap; ② as for the type of spatial distribution, there was a cluster distribution; and ③ on the balance of spatial distribution, there were many differences between the east and west, and the distribution was extremely uneven. Based on the above, this study explored the reasons for the uneven spatial distribution, including the natural environment, population migration, the level of traffic accessibility, the degree of government attention, and the level of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A teratological specimen of Meristoides grandipennis (Fairmair, 1889), from Sichuan, China is described here. Many photographs, detail descriptions and data of the teratological specimen are given in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that community ecological security (CES) includes personal security, public safety and humanistic ecological security. The personal security is to protect the resident's life and physical health, public safety means that the residents don't suffer from physical damages or property damages in daily life, and humanistic ecological security is interpreted as that ideas of harmony, fairness, balance implied in ecology are used to coordinate the social relations of settlements, alleviate the increasingly serious social problems of residential space differentiation. In light of serious community ecological safety issues in China, the corresponding measures are pointed out: road system of "separating people and vehicles"; consideration of disaster prevention and mitigation in residential space design; the community construction from culture, environment, management and service; response to the residential space differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data of number of fog and haze days in Baoji City from 1981 to 2013, the changing trends and mutation of number of fog and haze days in Baoji over the past 33 years were analyzed by using trend coefficient, tendency rate, linear regression analysis, anomaly percentage, Mann-Kendall mutation test and sliding t test. The results showed that during the 33 years, the number of fog and haze days in Baoji declined by 16.255 d/10 a, and there was a cyclical turbulence every 6, 15 or 28 years. The frequency of fog and haze weather was the highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, while it was the lowest in summer. According to the anomaly percentage of the number of fog and haze days in 12 months during 1981 -2013, the anomaly percentage changed most greatly in July, followed by September, October, April, May, June, August, February and March, but it fluctuated less greatly in January. The number of fog and haze days from 1981 to 2013 had obvious mutation trends in a single year and a single season, and mutation types are different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firstly, the status quo of Hulunbuir Grassland degradation was introduced, and then the main reasons for the degradation were discussed, such as overgrazing, excessively mining mineral resources and so forth. Finally some targeted countermeasures, like improving grassland legislation and policy as well as grassland ecological compensation system, actively implementing ecological animal husbandry and reasonably exploiting mineral resources, were put forward to restore the ecological environment of Hulunbuir Grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]