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Climate change in the past one hundred years has brought important influence to the natural ecosystem and social - economic system of the world and China, The impact of future climate change is also long-term and huge, and many effects are negative or adverse. Therefore, from now on we must take measures adapting to climate change to overcome the adverse effects of climate change on social - economic - ecological system, In this paper, starting from the urgency of integrated climate change risk governance, the risk of natural disasters intensifying caused by climate change is briefly described, and engineering and non engineering measures of the integrated climate change risk governance in China's high risk region are proposed, as well as recommendations on integrated risk governance in the eastern, middle and western China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global -warming, there are more frequent heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms, which leads to growingly severe rainstorm disasters. In previous studies, heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms were classified into rainstorms so that it was impossible to fully grasp the spatiotemporal pattern of heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms. Therefore, based on the daily precipitation data of 659 meteorological stations in China, this study calculated the rainfall amount, the rain day, and the rainfall intensity of rainstorms, heavy rainstorms, and extraordinary rainstorms in 1951-2010, and analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of rainstorms, heavy rainstorms, and extraordinary rainstorms in China. The results showed that: In terms of the proportion to the total rainstorms, rainstorms were the largest, followed by heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms; in terms of time, the rainfall amount, the rain day, and the rainfall intensity of interdecadal rainstorms and heavy rainstorms in China show a dynamic increase trend; in terms of space, only the rainfall amount and rainy days had an expansion trend, while the rainfall intensity did not change much. Temporally, the rainfall amount and the rain day of interdecadal extraordinary rainstorms were characterized by "increase--decline--increase", while their rain intensity was characterized by "decline-increase-decline". Spatially, there was no significant change in the rainfall amount, the rain day, and the rainfall intensity of extraordinary rainstorms. In short, rainstorms in China were developing towards extremes, which might be a result of combination of human factors and natural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, climate governance has become one of the unavoidable challenges of human society. Therefore, climate engineering is increasingly mentioned in the international climate negotiations. For solar radiation management with the most controversy in climate engineering method, based on two scenarios of climate engineering (G4) and non climate engineering ( RCP4.5) of BNU-ESM model. 95% and 99% percentiles of daily rainfall data during 2010-2099 were taken as thresholds of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall events. The data of over threshold sampling (POT) were fitted by Weibull distribution to diagnose the heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall in 10, 20. 50 and 100 years of return period. The results showed that: in two scenarios, strength of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall enhanced with return period increased, and they showed a southeast high-northwest low spatial characteristics. Climate engineering, in general, contributes to the increase in heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall in China, as well as spatial heterogeneity, which represents the suppression of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall in parts of the country. This research is of great significance for the future global climate control and regional climate adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]