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Praca przedstawia podstawowe problemy, jakie pojawiają się w procesie tworzenia strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju gmin. To właśnie gminy i powiaty stanowią podstawowe struktury, które są odpowiedzialne za kształtowanie miejscowego rozwoju. Prawidłowe planowanie strategiczne może prawidłowo ukierunkować rozwój podstawowych procesów społeczno-gospodarczych danej społeczności, z uwzględnieniem zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju. Praca przedstawia rolę, jaką w procesie tym powinny odgrywać zasoby środowiska przyrodniczego. Opisuje możliwe metody wdrażania i waloryzowania zasobów środowiska.

Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat znaczenia nabiera problematyka roli człowieka w jego relacjach ze środowiskiem. Wyrazem postępujących zmian jest chociażby stopniowe poszerzanie dorobku legislacyjnego przewidującego pewne uprawnienia podmiotowe jednostki, których realizacja ma istotne znaczenie dla osiągania celów stawianych ochronie środowiska. Na tym tle uzasadnione są także rozważania dotyczące gospodarczych oraz aksjologicznych uwarunkowań działań określanych mianem ochrony środowiska. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie antropocentrycznych podstaw oraz aksjologicznych źródeł zachowań ujmowanych zbiorczo jako ochrona środowiska.

W artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji komponentów i określenia struktury procesu decyzyjnego w ochronie środowiska. Zwrócono uwagę na jego uwarunkowania i kontekst. Problemy związane z ochroną środowiska przedstawiono w perspektywie systemowej, akcentując ich praktyczny charakter. Praktyczne działania na rzecz ochrony środowiska wymagają podejmowania decyzji, które mogą być ujęte w ramy określonego schematu postępowania. Autor konstruuje takie schematy odnosząc się do systemu sterowania zaproponowanego przez Mariana Mazura oraz cyklu Deminga. Wskazuje na wytyczne i formy sprawnego działania, dzięki którym szeroko pojęty proces podejmowania decyzji staje się bardziej efektywny i skuteczny. Zwraca szczególną uwagę na etap optymalizacji, a w tym na wybór najbardziej efektywnego czy skutecznego działania. Wybór ten pociąga za sobą konieczność uwzględnienia pewnych obszarów odniesienia. Wśród nich, poza obszarem prakseologicznym, wskazany został obszar aksjologiczny.

This article considers forms of responsibility of people for the future of our planet and future generations. The first point focuses on time preferences, as each generation has different needs and interests and we need to recognize the extent of our responsibility for considering the potential needs and interests of future generations. Undoubtedly, something needs to be done, but can future generations be treated in the same manner as contemporary ones? This is a question that is very difficult to find a satisfactory answer for. Nevertheless, we have found forms in which our responsibility and concern for the future of the planet and humanity is expressed. This article describes the following: advocacy planning, development of ecological education, raising awareness of socio-natural environment problems, and countering climate warming without panic (heuristics of fear). In solving the environmental problems, which condition the future of humanity and the planet, we focus on the concept of Roger Scruton, which is characterized by common sense, distrust of bureaucratic solutions (planning or administrative), and the love of the motherland (oikophilia), which should be the primary motive of any ecological activity. Scruton reminds us of one very important rule: we will not solve environmental problems by going over the heads of the people, for example by introducing regulations (decrees), but through the love of the motherland. This is a typically conservative attitude, distancing itself from the capacity of the state and more international decisions. Problems are resolved here and now, elsewhere they only multiply through the inadequacy of proposed solutions. Such an approach does not eliminate the need for cooperation, which, in the case of the protection of the socio-natural environment, is a necessity.

In this paper, the author attempts to point out the meaning of procedures for the environmental management systems (EMS). Particular attention is paid to form and content, as well as the functions, proprieties and structure of the procedures. The analyses were carried out taking into account the systemic approach, with respect to core areas covered by the ISO 14001 standard. Based on the chosen procedures, some fundamental methods of elaborating and implementing the EMS procedures were indicated, which might improve the organization and optimization of realization processes. It was also put forward that procedures should provide a vital support to management processes in fulfilling their purpose.

The organization of environmental protection in Poland and the European Union is a mutual connection of competencies and a correlation of systems and rights according to national and EU laws. The legal system of the EU is the result of decades of cooperation undertaken by the will of the Member States known as the acquis communautaire. EU law has primacy over national law, which in practice means that in the event of a conflict between the provisions of national law and EU law, the national law is deemed inapplicable and needs to be adjusted by the Member State.

In the paper, the author attempts to point out the meaning of procedures for the environmental management system (EMS). Particular attention is paid to form and content as well as to the functions, proprieties, and structure of the procedures. The analyses were carried out taking into account a systemic approach of the essential topics to the ISO 14001 standard. Based on the chosen procedure, some fundamental methods of elaborating upon and implementing the EMS procedures were outlined. It was also presented that procedures written in accordance with these rules might provide vital support to the improvement of the organization’s management systems and might optimize the processes in the areas they cover.

The organization of environmental protection in Poland is a result of both the country’s environmental policy, as well as programs connected with its function as part of the European Union. New challenges in the field of environmental protection are determining the way it is handled in Poland and in global policy.

Maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities poses a challenge for local governments. In the context of the changing legal and factual contexts they operate in, municipalities are obliged to take action to protect the environment in everything they do. New tasks and challenges for maintaining environmental safety standards can be found at the local level.

The maintenance of cleanliness and order in communities is the responsibility of the municipality as the basic unit of local government in Poland. The municipality performs its role in the field of environmental protection according to a range of legal provisions. Changing regulations affect the application of the law of cleanliness and order in communities, leaving it open to interpretation. A key guide in this regard is the wealth of court decisions on cleanliness and order in communities and waste management.

Koncesje stanowią jeden z elementów regulowania obrotu gospodarczego. W ustawie Prawo energetyczne wskazuje się na przesłanki uzyskania koncesji na wytwarzanie energii. Ze względu na istotne znaczenie sektora energetycznego dla szerokiego pojęcia bezpieczeństwa państwa, sprawy dotyczące procedur koncesyjnych zostały uregulowane ustawą oraz aktami wykonawczymi.

Organy administracji publicznej w ramach swoich kompetencji posiadają uprawnienia do administracyjnego regulowania spraw związanych z recyklingiem pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji. Przyznanie takich kompetencji jest efektem regulacji skutków postępu cywilizacyjnego w zakresie produkcji, użytkowania i wycofywania z eksploatacji pojazdów mechanicznych. Dlatego też, aby nie dochodziło do niezgodne ze standardami ochrony środowiska wycofywania pojazdów z obrotu, ustawodawca unormował ten proces, pozostawiając go pod kontrolą administracji publicznej.

Orzecznictwo sądów administracyjnych stanowi praktyczne odzwierciedlenie stanowienia prawa z zakresu prawa ochrony środowiska oraz jego stanowienia przez administrację publiczną. Zagadnienia, które nie zostały podjęte i zrealizowane przez organy legislacyjne, zostały w dalszej kolejności uściślone i skonkretyzowane przez orzecznictwo administracyjne. Właściwym wydaje się być możliwość skorelowania działań legislacyjnych i orzecznictwa administracyjnego tak, aby dawały wspólne wytyczne do stosowania prawa przez podmioty i instytucje z zakresu ochrony środowiska.

Zadania administracji publicznej w zakresie ochrony gruntów rolnych i leśnych w Polsce obejmują realizowanie przepisów prawa powszechnie obowiązującego w tej dziedzinie. W ten sposób kształtowana jest nowa rzeczywistość w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich, realizująca standardy Unii Europejskiej w polskich realiach. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza ochrony środowiska oraz zgodne z przeznaczeniem korzystania z gruntów rolnych i leśnych.

Jednym z elementów skutecznego realizowania polityki ekologicznej na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce jest sprawne funkcjonowanie administracji publicznej w tym zakresie. Do najważniejszych elementów systemu administracyjnego w tej dziedzinie należą agencje płatnicze, które w oparciu o środki krajowe oraz pochodzące z Unii Europejskiej, wspierają rozwój rolnictwa ekologicznego oraz edukacji ekologicznej. Zakres działań agencji płatniczych w znacznej mierze przyczynia się do wzrostu świadomości ekologicznej na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce.

Currently, not to be underestimated is the role of local governments in the field of environmental protection. It is on their different levels that local authorities determine the efficiency of setting environmental standards for local communities. The efficient implementation of regional operational programs determines the possibility of implementing the principles of sustainable development.

The article pertains to the methodological status of the Environmental Protection and the specificity of the research methods in this science. The Environmental Protection has recently become a recognized scientific discipline in Poland. As opposed to other European countries, it has been qualified as belonging to three fields of science. The current moment is the time of its formation and development as a scientific discipline. Separating it from other scientific disciplines evokes questions regarding its methodological connections with its mother disciplines. The research methods used in the Environmental Protection are similar to the methods applied in the discipline of chemistry, natural sciences, and agriculture. The aforementioned methods possess also other specific features, take the example of the fact that they are regulated by the law, and benefit from the technologically advanced examination apparatus. The article describes the selected methods in the Environmental Protection and poses the question regarding the methodology applied in this science.

This article addresses the concept of environmental law. The paper begins with a general background on the justification for the study of environmental law. The second section focuses on the nature of law. In the next section the author analyses legal definitions of environmental protection and environment. As the analysis shows that environmental legislation plays a crucial role, the final section discusses its location in the Polish legal system. This study highlights that environmental law should be treated as a branch of law.

The aim of this article is to introduce selected issues raised by Prof. Stefan Kozlowski, for the benefit of environmental protection. During fifty years of his professional activity, many important, memorable issues have appeared. The article points at Kozlowski’s attempt to outline problems concerning nature conservation, which, in spite of beautiful tradition, was perverted by the political system of that time. This leads to many cases of abuse in natural resources management and excessive exploitation of those resources. Another important question is Kozlowski’s striving to establish area forms of nature conservation. Realizing these aims, he brings to formulate a full legal system of all-natural components protection. The last subject, that is mentioned in the article, is Kozlowski’s contribution to the implementation of sustainable development rules. Such development should be a superior rule in environmental policy leading by state. Kozlowski often advances courageous thesis, that was constructed in the taste of constructive criticism. Proposed solutions often have system features.

Environmental protection is an area of interdisciplinary, in which the rule is the use of science concepts relevant to the legal, natural, technical or chemical. Therefore, in practice they may have different meanings depending on the conceptual context in which they are used. The concept, which draws attention to the rights and duties of citizens, public administration or environmental organizations, the legal and administrative aspects of environmental protection. Legal and administrative aspects of the environment in a manner related to the inherent rights of citizens, duties of public administrations, as well as practice and custom of our country and the European Union. Thus, their analysis is certainly an interdisciplinary context, and an important environmental dimension, the effect will be implied in the form of application by analogy comparisons and examples of not only national but international.

Coming conclusions from this study are inducing to formulating the statement, that leading to the next controlled and thought reintroductions programs and protections of the Glis glis kind in Poland is necessary. Also conducting accurate examinations and the monitoring of the population of the edible dormouse should be a big challenge. It is also necessary raising qualifications of the employees of National Forests responsible for the protection of kinds and conducting the environmental education of the society which will be aimed at demonstrating, easily it is possible to protect the edible dormouse and how it is important for her more further existing in Polish forests. Without the practical protection of natural settlements of the edible dormouse regulations legislative, guaranteeing her the protection (Bern Convention, entry to the IUCN list, Polish acts and regulations) aren’t playing a significant role. The edible dormouse is happening to make its way oneself with a very powerful enemy, with which unfortunately he isn’t having a chance to the win – with a man. The man is just transforming the environment of Glis glis species depriving him of settlements, foods, hunting it, but simultaneously the man is passing attempts of the protection and programs of the reintroduction. We can happen or the vanquisher or the savior of the edible dormouse species. The choice depends only on us.

Risk management relies on identification, estimation, control and finance of potential risks. Excient process of management against alternate of ecological threat it’s people and nature resources protection before threats related to pollution of water, air, soil and other components of environment, which balance has been broken by reason of pronouncement of unexpected natural phenomenon, industrial failure and human activities. Negative environmental results are caused in case of pronouncement of threat damage to environmental component pollutions and ecosystems changes.

John Paul II has left behind a huge legacy of social teaching which retain its value till the present days therefore it is worth to remind the readers his significant ideas. In my article I familiarized readers with stances of John Paul II related to specific issues on medical ethicists and ecological aspects of human life protection based upon papal encyclicals, the article consists of two main parts: first refers to pope’s bioethical stances existed in encyclical Evangelium vitae (1995); the second one presented pope’s thoughts on environmental protection which could be find in the following encyclicals: Redemptor hominis (1979); Sollicitudo rei socialis (1987); Centesimus annus (1991) - and again in - Evangelium vitae (1995).

W ciągu ostatnich kilku lat znacznie zmienił się obraz polskiej wsi. Rolnik poza umiejętnościami typowo gospodarskimi w wielu wypadkach posiadł wiedzę z marketingu i turystyki. W szczególności dotyczy to obszarów atrakcyjnych turystycznie. Dzięki promocji swojego gospodarstwa, czy tez całej gminy jako obszaru na którym dbałość o środowisko naturalne jest priorytetem, rolnicy uzyskali dodatkowe źródło dochodu a samorządy środki własne, np. na dalszą promocję gminy czy rozwój infrastruktury. Wzrost popularności agroturystyki jest szansą dla biednych regionów Polski o minimalnym stopniu degradacji środowiska naturalnego, na których w wyniku przekształceń polityczno-społecznych w latach 90tych XXw. zostało zlikwidowanych wiele PGR-ów a bezrobocie sięga 40%. Z tej szansy warto skorzystać a gmina Świętajno wie jak to zrobić.

The article contains an analysis of the investigation about the knowledge and ideas of religion teachers as regards the protection and the shaping of the natural environment and presents the primary problems of the questionnaire, this was carried out in the Diocese of Lomza with a group of 260 people.

Combustion of liquid fuels including diesel fuels is one of the major processes influencing the condition of the environment. Requirements for the quality of diesel fuels are related to the development of the construction of fuel feed systems, combustion and exhaust gas systems, and also with growing expectations from environmental protection. In the article are shown basic connections between standards of diesel fuels used in urban traffic described by proper norms and exploitation overworks and environmental expectations. Developmental tendencies of the quality of those fuels are also mentioned.

The key dissents on the estimation of environmental pollution between some humanists, ecophilosophers, especially devotees of deep ecology and its mass media supporters, and experimental scientists chiefly chemists and toxicologists are presented by a discussion of the most important problems: human health risk from food and nutrition, the expansion of new biological agents (pathogens), fears of chemical and physical agents stimulated opinions of toxicologists (ecotoxicologists) about most of the compounds for food preservation, antioxidants, pesticides, engine fuel components, metals. Subsequently to the above were discussed: the criticism of some misconceptions and the evolution of scientists. opinions about derivations of the greenhouse effect, toxicity and carcinogenesis criteria, evidence supporting the threshold dose versus the linear hypothesis at the evaluation of harmful environmental effects, examples of ecological utopia assuming a possibility of “life in the world without toxins”, the consequences of acts of law created with the idea, untrustworthy examples of alleged hazards, Poland’s law delay with the assimilation of the new toxicological and carcinogenesis evidence, DDT application dilemma concerned with the latter, the acceptance of the threshold dose also for radioactivity, the latest news about ravages of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the author’s belief in better cooperation of humanists, ecophilosophers, scientists and mass media people to create sensible social attitudes of the public in the face of the ecological and civilization crisis.