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Objective To investigate the relationship of miRNA gene polymorphisms with blood pressure (BP) responses to the sodium and potassium diet intervention. Methods In 2004, we recruited 514 participants from 124 families in seven villages of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China. All subjects were given a three-day normal diet, followed by a seven-day low-salt diet, a seven-day high-salt diet, and finally a seven-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. A total of 19 miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for analysis. Results Throughout the sodium-potassium dietary intervention, the BP of the subjects fluctuated across all phases, showing a decrease during the low-salt period and an increase during the high-salt period, followed by a reduction in BP subsequent to potassium supplementation during the high-salt diet. MiR-210-3p SNP rs12364149 was significantly associated with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to low-salt diet. MiR-4638-3p SNP rs6601178 was significantly associated with SBP while miR-26b-3p SNP rs115254818 was significantly associated with MAP responses to low-salt intervention. In addition, miR-26b-3p SNP rs115254818 was significantly correlated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to high-salt intervention. MiR-1307-5p SNPs rs11191676 and rs2292807 were associated with SBP and MAP responses to high-salt diet. MiR-4638-3p SNP rs6601178, miR- 210-3p SNP rs12364149, miR-382-5p SNP rs4906032 and rs4143957 were significantly associated with SBP response to high-salt diet. In addition, miR-26b-3p SNP rs115254818 was significantly associated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to potassium supplementation. MiR-1307-5p SNPs rs11191676, rs2292807, and miR-19a-3p SNP rs4284505 were significantly associated with SBP responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation. Conclusion miRNA gene polymorphisms are associated with BP response to sodium and potassium, suggesting that miRNA genes may be involved in the pathophysiological process of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Corin, a transmembrane serine protease that can cleave atrial natriuretic peptide precursor (pro-ANP) into atrial natriuretic peptide with smaller bioactive molecules, participates in the pathophysiologicalprocess of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of Corin gene variation with blood pressure responses to sodium and potassium dietary interventions. Methods In 2004, we recruited 514 participants from 124 families in 7 villages of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China. All the subjects received a 3-day normal diet, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Corin gene were selected for final analysis. Results SNPs rs12509275 were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response to low-salt diet, while rs3749584 was associated with pulse pressure (PP) response to low-salt diet.SNP rs3749584 and rs10517195 were significantly associated with PP response to high-salt diet. In addition,rs17654278 were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to high-salt and potassium supplementation, rs2271037 was significantly correlated with DBP responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation, and rs4695253, rs12509275, rs2351783, rs36090894 were significantly associated with PP response to high-salt and potassium supplementation. Conclusion Corin gene polymorphisms were associated with blood pressure response to sodium and potassium, suggesting that Corin gene may be involved in pathophysiological process of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the endothelial dysfunction in pre-hypertension and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 373 youth were divided as the subjects into hypertension group (HBP group), pre-hypertension group (PHT group) and normal blood pressure group (NBP group). Endothelial function was assessed based on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results IMT and baPWV in PHT group were higher than those in NBP group (P<0.05), but did not reach the significant difference when compared with HBP group (P>0.05). Compared with HBP, the levels of FMD in PHT group significantly increased (P<0.05); however, no difference was observed in comparison with NBP group (P>0.05). In the early stage of hypertension, diastolic BP (β=－0.120, P<0.05) and body mass index (β=－0.115, P<0.05) were negatively correlated with FMD; diastolic BP (β=0.146, P<0.05), 2-hour glucose (β=0.147, P<0.05), high-density lipoprotein cholestrol (β=0.150, P<0.05), and waist-hip ratio (β=0.126, P<0.05) showed a positive correlation with IMT. baPWV was correlated with systolic BP (β=0.358, P<0.01), waist circumference (β=0.254, P<0.05), fasting glucose (β=0.155, P<0.05), postprandial 2h blood glucose (β=0.152, P<0.05), uric acid (β=0.206, P<0.05), and C-reactive protein (β=0.099, P<0.05). Conclusion Our study shows that endothelial dysfunction may exist in the pre-hypertensive young, and several cardiovascular risks contribute to its development in the early stage of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Dyslipidemia has shown to be associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between residual cholesterol and the risk of subclinical renal damage (SRD). Methods A total of 2 342 participants were recruited from the previously established Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatine ratio(uACR), the subjects were divided into SRD group and non-SRD group. The associations of residual cholesterol with eGFR, uACR, and the risk of SRD were analyzed by multiple linear and Logistic regression analyses. Results Residual cholesterol was positively correlated with uACR(r=0.081, P<0.001) but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.091, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was an influencing factor of uACR (β=0.075, P<0.001) and eGFR (β=-0.027, P<0.001) after adjustment for gender, age, smoke, alcohol, exercise, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and serum uric acid. In addition, Logistic regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD independently of potential confounders [OR(95% CI)=1.387 (1.113-1.728), P<0.001]. Further subgroup analysis showed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD in women but not in men. Conclusion Residual cholesterol is a contributing factor in the risk of subclinical renal damage with gender-specific association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on our previously established salt-sensitive hypertension cohort, we aimed to examine the association of genetic variants in uromodulin with blood pressure(BP) responses to dietary interventions of sodium and potassium intake. Methods In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Mei County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish the salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. Among them, 333 non-parent subjects were selected and sequentially maintained on a normal-diet for 3 days, low-salt diet for 7 days, then a high-salt diet for 7 days and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the uromodulin gene were genotyped on the MassARRAY platform. Results BP levels decreased from the baseline to low-salt diet, increased from low-salt to high-salt diet, and decreased again from the high-salt diet to the high-salt plus potassium supplementation intervention. SNPs rs77875418 and rs4997081 of the uromodulin gene were significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs77875418, rs79245268, rs4293393, rs6497476, rs4997081, rs13333226, and rs12917707 were significantly associated with systolic BP(SBP), DBP, and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. Conclusion Genetic variants in uromodulin gene are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium supplementation, suggesting that uromodulin may be mechanistically involved in BP sodium-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective 4-like protein with down-regulated expression and development in neural precursor cells (NEDD4L) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation and sodium homeostasis by regulating epithelial sodium channel protein. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship of NEDD4L gene polymorphisms with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake. Methods In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish a salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. All the subjects received a 3-day baseline survey, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Their BP was measured and peripheral blood samples were collected at different intervention periods. The 14 gene polymorphisms of NEDD4L gene were genotyped and analyzed by MassARRAY platform. Results BP decreased on a low-salt diet, and significantly increased on a high-salt diet, and decreased again after potassium supplementation. NEDD4L SNPs rs74408486 were significantly associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure responses to the low-salt diet. SNPs rs292449 and rs2288775 were significantly associated with pulse pressure response to the high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs563283 and rs292449 were significantly associated with diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation diet. Conclusion NEDD4L gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake, suggesting that NEDD4L gene may be involved in the development of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor(M3 receptor), encoded by CHRM3 gene, is widely distributed in the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in cardiac regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genetic variants in M3 receptor with blood pressure(BP) responses to controlleddietary sodium and potassium interventions. Methods A total of 333 subjects from 124 families were recruited from the rural areas of northern China. After a three-day baseline observation, they were sequentially on a seven-day low-salt diet, a seven-day high-salt diet, and a seven-day high-salt diet plus potassium supplementation. Thirteen CHRM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected for analysis. Results SNP rs10802811 of the CHRM3 was significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to both low-salt and high-salt diets while SNPs rs6429147, rs373288072, rs114677844 and rs663148 showed significant associations with systolic BP(SBP) and MAP responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNP rs6692904 was significantly associated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. Conclusion Genetic variants in M3 receptor are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intervention, suggesting that M3 receptor may be mechanistically involved in BP salt and potassium sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of PEG-IFN alpha-2a (PEG-IFNα-2a)plus ribavirin (RBV) in treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12979860 C/C type in different HCV genotypes. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 38 CHC patients from our hospital’s Infection Department from March 2011 to September 2015. The patients were treated with PEG-IFNα-2a/RBV for 48 weeks. A 42-month follow-up of patients was performed after withdrawal of treatment. The main paramenters to value the efficacy were liver function, blood lipids, and sustained virological response (SVR). Results In the CHC patients with IL28B SNP rs12979860 C/C type, the rate of SVR in patients with antiviral therapy had no significant difference between groups 1b and 2a (73.33% and 95.65%, respectively, P>0.05). After anti-HCV therapy, liver function indices such as ALT, AST, TBIL, TC, TG and HDL all significantly improved in the two groups (all P<0.05). However, there was no difference in biochemical indices (ALT, GGT, bilirubin, blood lipids) between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion In CHC patients with IL28B SNP rs12979860 C/C type, the long-term efficacy of PEG-IFNα-2a/RBV is good. IFN-based antiviral therapy has a higher SVR rate, and liver function and lipid metabolism can be significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]