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The paper dedicated to comparative gap of epidemiology data in Ukraine, Europe and North America, review of evidence-based researches of value of particular risk factors of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The paper deals with etiopathogenetic and clinical peculiarities, and also therapeutic methods during the pathological processes in the thyroid system in the childhood. The most common of these processes is the diffuse nontoxic goiter, which results in abnormality of metabolic processes regulation in the child's growing organism and often signals to the beginning of many thyropathies.

The paper presents an analysis of the level and structure of morbidity Armed Forces of Ukraine diseases of the digestive system. The highest rates of total incidence of disease in the class XI 2008-2011, recorded among conscripts, the lowest--in the military under the contract.

A sharp decrease in the ability to remember a number of random words was revealed in the main group in comparison with the control one. The interference tests showed significant abnormality. Word recall is much lower in main group than in the control group. Decrease in short-term and long-term visual memory was not displayed. The investigation has shown the presence of symptoms of the affected left temporal area in the form of acoustic-mnestic aphasia elements, signs of control disorder of higher nervous regulation, mnestic activity programming derangement, increase in the impediment to word traces under interference in terms of dynamic components disorders of psychic activity. The paper shows that patients exposed to ionizing radiation have memory disturbances as the result of the forebrain structures such as the cortex of left temporal and front areas with their corticosubcortical connections being damaged. It is they that play the key role in processing and reproducing verbal information.

The authors present and discuss a survey of published papers on medical care price formation. Economic analysis methods, socio-economic aspects of evaluation of medical care cost and effectiveness of different kinds of treatment were considered. Planning the volume of medical care in health care institutions strongly recommends perfecting the price formation by optimising calculation method and developing treatment and prophylaxis protocols.

The paper presents the results of M. tuberculosis drug resistance analysis. The material was phlegm obtained from 1060 patients treated during 1994-2001 y.y. The tendency of rising of M. tuberculosis drug resistance rate and polyresistance has been established. Unfortunately, a great deal of patients were undercovered with drug resistance M. tuberculosis which can massively grow on cultural medium with peak concentration of streptomycin, kanamycin, rifampicin and PAS(A), as stated above it necessitates to modernize the inspection system directed to determine M. tuberculosis drug resistance.

The paper presents observational data of depression extent among general patients. Psychosomatic disorders are considered in the article. The authors analyzed the mental disorders incidence among different groups of somatic patients, a problem of using the various treatment techniques in these groups. Authors propose the treatment of depression observed among general patients; it is based on literature data and their own observations.

In the paper, methodological requirements are formulated for validation of permissible levels of benz(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in foodstuffs. A list is submitted of allowable levels of this carcinogen in food products for the population of Ukraine, their specific values being dependent on the accepted tolerance daily done intake and on the structure of the standard food ration. Prevention of B(a)P formation and its elimination from the human habitat together with the use of the modern environmentally appropriate technologies designed to prepare food products will form a basis for stabilization of the permissible dose of the carcinogen, finding its way to the human body as a food component through dietary intake.

The paper submits data on the antigenic composition of HLA system in members of nuclear families of adolescent boys presenting with the delay in sexual maturation. Positive and negative associations of particular antigens with sexual underdevelopment are stated. Estimated in the families was the highest incidence rate of gaplotypes A 28-B 40, A 28-B 8, A 1-B 40, and A 3-B 40. The authors come out with a suggestion that it might be possible to use the identified antigens in prognostication of delayed puberty.

Stated in the article on the basis of the author's personal experience and summarized materials of the study of the "Medical Institution Regulations" are main principles and sections of this document that is the chief state-paper regulating activities of a medical institution. The importance is shown of the "Regulations" for a medical institution to function properly under new social-and-economic conditions.

In the paper, it is shown that progression of discirculatory encephalopathy in patients having been exposed to the radiation factor is caused by a complex of alterations in the functional status of cerebral and central hemodynamics, psychovegetative maintenance of the integrative activity of the brain, and as a result of the above-stated--failure of compensatory-and-adaptive mechanisms to function properly, their potentialities coming to be below the mark. The studies made permitted the elaboration of a well-grounded individualized therapy with the aid of rehabilitation- and prophylaxis-oriented infrared laser.

Submitted in the paper are data obtained as a result of analyzing and pooling information now available about positive and negative sequels of introduction in the Russian Federation of a compulsory medical insurance. Emphasis is placed on the relevance of, and need for, taking account of practical experience gained by the Russian Federation in deciding on the question about time and expediency of the start of a similar reform in Ukraine and on the importance of use of innovational approaches and technology at the stage of its planning.

In this article, an analysis of data from the published literature is given together with findings from the author's investigations designed to study disorders of reproductive health. The paper focuses on the key items of reproductive health and on risk factors as well. A system of measures is substantiated designed to prevent disorders and to correct the reproductive health of the population.

In the paper, new data are submitted on natural focality of Marseilles fever in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Identified in the above territory was a high activity of previously unknown natural foci that manifested themselves by an epidemic outbreak (Saki, 1996) and by sporadic diseases in people. A clinical-and-epidemiological characterization is given of rickettsiosis in the Crimea Autonomous Republic.

A comparative analysis was done of prevalence, incidence rates, and mortality from cerebrovascular disorders (CVD), including cerebral insults, in Mariupol over the period 1999-2000. Submitted in the paper are CVD epidemiological findings from the Donetsk region, Ukraine. Of much interest to us was studying prevalence, risk factors for CVD development among those workers occupied in labour at large industrial enterprises in Mariupol, with which purpose sampling population studies were made among workers occupied in labour at the Illyich Integrated Iron-and-Steel Works and seaport. During the course of the above studies epidemiological indices were examined together with risk factors for development of cerebrovascular disorders.

The article addresses the issue of organization of the medical care delivery to servicemen of the Kiev garrison. Substantiated in the paper is the organizational-and-staff structure of the clinic of the Chief Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Results of work carried on within the framework of home care programs are highlighted.

In the paper, consideration is given to the conceptual framework of the problem, as to which issue opinions vary among specialists. This has a negative impact on organization of carrying on of innovatory policy in the health service. Factographic data are presented on innovatory technologies in the health service, qualitative and quantitative parameters of such activities. The role is highlighted that the Ukrmedpatentinform has in the formation of the system of means of scientific communication, ways are considered for improvement of such a work, in the first place, at the expense of creation of feedback between "donors" and "recipients" of innovatory processes. It is emphasized that outside innovatory technologies scientific produce loses its value. Indices for innovatory activities are to be regarded as those of immediate importance in assessment of scientific and practical work of an institution.

The paper presents results of investigations designed to study changes in lipid peroxidation and in antioxidant system of miners in different vocational groups with Reiter's disease and gout. It is shown that the condition of the above systems is affected by both diseases as such and occupational conditions of miners. Based on the secured findings it is recommended that treatment of the above patients be supplemented with an antioxidant agent, copherol in particular.

The paper presents an analysis of causes of relapse of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers based on review of 2120 case records of patients from the Ukrainean-German gastroenterological centre over the period six months--two years. Chief causes of relapse of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer are identified, such as incomplete course of eradication therapy; failure on the part of the patients to keep to the physician's orders, which fact suggests to us that there has not been achieved the necessary "compliance"; resistance to the therapy treatments administered, in the first place, to metronidazole (36%), development of gastroestrophagitis reflux.

In those persons who had taken part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident (AEEP), an oxidative stress with disturbed functioning of the antioxidant defence extracellular factors ceruloplasmin and transferrin is recordable over a long time range together with direct and indirect manifestations of insulin resistance. Submitted in the paper is an analysis of indices for ceruloplasmin, transferrin, free iron (FI), and insulin in the blood plasma of AEEP in different age groups and in those AEEP suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (DM) as well. The group of comparison was participants in the military operations (MOP) in Afghanistan. In the older age group AEEP (beyond 40 years of age) and in those AEEP presenting with type II DM similar alterations have been shown to be the case, such as decrease in the content of transferrin and augmentation of ceruloplasmin against the background of hyperinsulinemia. The above alterations can be regarded as a risk factor for origination of type II DM in Chernobyl AEEP.

Data are presented from an investigation designed to study market of medical services delivered to patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD). A model of the purchaser's behaviour of consumers of medical services is developed, decisive factors affecting the choice of a medical institution when applying for a profile medical advice are determined. Submitted in the paper is also an algorythm of analysis of expediency of segmentation of market of medical services delivered to STD patients. The most optimal principles of market segmentation include the following--economic (solvency), territorial (place of residence), social (belonging to one or another stratum of society).

Considered in the paper is modern technology of registration of deaths from malignant tumors in Ukraine. Ways are submitted for improvement of quality of data on life span of oncological patients with the purpose of optimizing the organization of the oncological service, securing an objective assessment of results of treatment of oncological patients according to mortality indices.

Presented in the paper are topical aspects of prevalence, specificities of manifestation, and correction of meteoropathologic reactions (MR) in disorders of the circulatory system. A total of 1260 patients were examined. Of these, 518 had hypertensive disease (HD), 198 were coronary (IHD) patients, 544 had HD concurrent with IHD. Based on the standardized questionnaire and results of clinical and instrumental studies meteorosensitivity was assessed, with meteorogramme having been taken into account. To correct MR aero- and balneoprocedures were used together with speleotherapy and physical training. High meteorologic factors sensitivity was ascertained in 67 percent of patients. MR frequency was found out to be related to overstrain, failure to stick to the daily time-table, bad habits, constitutional specificities, low physical activity. Depending on the features of manifestation three degrees of severity have come to be recognized in MR. A complex of measures designed to correct MR is submitted. The use of the above complex allowed the MR frequency to be reduced, their severity to be alleviated.

Submitted in the paper are some general results of a many-years' standing experience gained with the use of computer engineering and computer methods in practical activities of a medical institution, concerning in particular organization matters, practical aspects of programme, technical, and cadre maintenance. Advantages are shown together with some results of effectiveness of employment of computer engineering in the therapeutic-and-diagnostic process and cultural aspect of medical activities.

Different views are presented on the issue of delivering psychiatric services under present-day conditions. The necessity is substantiated to develop medical and social services to be provided to mental patients. The author submits data on the prevalence of mental disturbances, degree of disability, efficiency of biologic methods of therapy. Described in the paper are problems of organization of psychiatric services intended for patients with affective disorders, with objectives and tasks of medical and social rehabilitative services on a town/city scale being substantiated.

The paper presents a clinical material on effects of health-resort factors, hyperbaric oxygenation, and psychotherapeutic correction on the gonadal function in patients having sexual problems. The multimodality approach permitted not only a significant alleviation of pathological symptomatology on the part of the autonomic nervous system, pain syndrome, improving the consistency and function of the prostate, but also had a beneficial effect on the copulative sphere, indices for microscopy of the prostatic secretum, spermatogenesis, and fertility of the ejaculate.

This study was undertaken to gain insights into the time-related trends in incidence and prevalence of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys in the population of Ukraine, with special reference to industrial and geographic division of the country, identifying those areas having been exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). The analysis was done on the basis of the official statistical data over a 6-year period (1990-1995) on the "infection of the kidneys" and chronic pyelonephritis morbidity in the country. In the data analysis, conventional statistical methods were employed together with those of regression analysis. The results obtained will enable us to suggest certain IR influence on the incidence rate of renal diseases. There was a significant difference in the indices among different areas and regions. Proposed in the paper are methods that will, we believe, help in finding out the real prevalence and incidence of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys in the country as well as in making the diagnosis thereof more accurate.

The paper focuses on the history and sources of origin of sanology as science, with its brief characterization being given, relating to such items as definition, object and subject of investigation, methodological approaches and tasks, with special emphasis being placed on the significance of sanology in the elaboration of general theory of medicine.

The paper focuses on the history of origination and development of iridology. The basic stages of formation of iridology as a science in Ukraine are analyzed. Due emphasis is given to the role of iridology as an easy-to-learn method of rapid diagnosis of high informative value. Efficiency is shown of iridodiagnosis as exemplified in Chernobyl accident victims. Iridology is claimed to be a science of much promise in Ukraine.

Clinical and epidemiological characterization is presented of local running-water-borne outbreak of abdominal typhoid (AT) in 1992-1994 in Lugansk. Described in the paper is AT clinical picture in 77 patients, characterized by briefer fever periods and shorter time courses of the symptomatology. Water-borne factor of transmission was found out to have a part in the above outbreak.

In this paper, findings are submitted from 11-yr bacteriological examination of children from the pre-school institutions in the city of Lviv. Stability was ascertained as was high level of nasopharyngeal carriage of the leading representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora, an association was established to some disease forms. There is the need for the bacteria carriers to be identified in a purposeful and persevering fashion, with the relevant sanitary measures to be instituted in such individuals.

The paper addresses the issue of pyo-septic infections in surgery type in-patient facilities and conditions favouring these. An analysis is provided of measures devised to control the above infections. To solve the problem, a reliable organizational system of preventive care and control of hospital infections in Ukraine is suggested.

The paper addresses the issue of expediency of early sanatorium treatment of patients with prior cholecystectomy; indications and contraindications are determined as are optimal terms for refferring such patients to specialized departments of gastroenterologic sanatoria in Ukraine. Impact of sanatorium treatment on functional state of the liver and immune system in early periods after cholecystectomy was studied.

In the paper, a brief clinical account is provided of surgically treated patients suffering from varying type goiter; findings from preoperational radioimmunologic examination of patients with nodular goiter and mixed euthyroid goiter and Hashimoto's goiter are presented. An increase was found to be the case in 1989-1990, in specific weight of low-grade forms of thyroid cancer (struma maligna) as per total number of patients operated on in the clinic.

The paper reports on the preliminary experience of treatment of those patients having been the victims to the reactor accident at the Chernobyl NPP as well as of those with acute and chronic leukoses, having received courses of modern cytostatic therapy. The patients were exposed to therapeutic plasmapheresis and enterosorption as part of a complex conventional treatment programme. The conclusion the authors have come to is as follows: enterosorption strikingly reduces manifestations of "cytostatic disease"; the use of plasmapheresis in those persons having been previously exposed to small dose chronic radiation, makes for improvement of clinical and laboratory values but further studies are warranted to determine indications for therapeutic plasmapheresis.

The paper presents results of screening tests involving different groups of the population in the Ukraine, for antibodies to HIV, findings from epidemiologic investigation into cases with HIV-infection, with a view to outlining epidemiologic situation and assessing effectiveness of antiepidemic measures. HIV-transmission through sexual contacts is the commonest way of HIV-transportation in the Ukraine (66.1% of all cases of infection). An attempt is made of giving a short-term prognosis of epidemic situation in the Ukraine over a period of up to 1995. A conclusion is reached on the necessity of strengthening preventive measures with the view of influencing the unsafe forms of sexual behaviour.

Inorganic synthetic sorbent "Evirhip" is recommended for eliminating of contaminants from water with varying degree of pollution. Comparative evaluation was carried out of the activities of the synthetic sorbent, natural dispersive minerals and activated charcoals with their surfaces being variously modified, using a model of typical representatives of intestinal microorganisms (Shigella sonnei, poliomyelitis type II, Sabin strain, viruses). Under stationary conditions of interaction of 1% sorbent "Evirhip" with Shigella sonnei sterilizing effect begins to reveal itself within 60 minutes. Decrease in infectivity of poliovirus occurs by one logarithm of the original level during 30 minutes contact. The paper discusses changes of cationic composition of water as a result of treating it by the sorbent, and feasibility of practical application of the sorbent in processes removing etiological agents of the intestinal infections from drinking, natural and waste water.