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Introduction: Atrial fibrillation(AF) is the rapid and irregular beating of the atrial muscles that bypasses the natural heart rate and rhythm. This abnormal twitching of the atrium may increase heart rate and cause a drop in stroke volume leading to symptoms of heart failure. Irregular flow of blood also causes blood stasis in atria, leading to clot formation and subsequent emboli development. This review will discuss in brief various diagnostic and management modalities of atrial fibrillation. Aim of Work: The aim of this study is to discuss the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation Materials and methods: This review is a comprehensive search of PUBMED from the year 2003 to 2021. Conclusion: This review briefly discusses atrial fibrillation, its diagnosis, and treatment modalities. In atrial fibrillation, asynchronous and abnormal contractions of atrial cardiac muscles lead to abnormal rate and rhythm of heartbeats. This often leads to symptoms of heart failure and episodes of stroke. Factors that predispose to AF are cardiac diseases, diabetes, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Diagnosis of AF requires a thorough history and physical examinations, laboratory evaluations, electrocardiogram, and certain imaging such as MRI and CT. Various treatment modalities are cardioversion, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiac ablation therapy, and certain surgical procedures like maze surgery & left atrial appendage obliteration Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, electrocardiogram, cardioversion, cardiac ablation.