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Pseudopoda uncata Yang & Zhang sp. nov. (Figs 4–6) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA : Yunnan Province: Mengjiao Township, Cangyuan County (23°16.38′N, 99°11.21′E, 1769 m), 11 May 2021, Z.Z. Yang & Z.M. Li (MHBU). Paratypes: 1♂, 5♀, with same data as for holotype (1♀ in MHBU, 1♂ 4♀ in DUIER); 2♂, 1♀, with same data as for holotype except: 23 May 2017, Z.Z. Yang (DUIER). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective—derived from uncus (=hook), referring to the shape of embolus in ventral view. Diagnosis. According to the morphology of genital organs (for details see Jäger 2001), P. uncata sp. nov. belongs to the diversipunctata species-group, which, up to now, was comprised of six species: P. confusa, P. diversipunctata, P. intermedia, P. lutea, P. marsupia and P. serrata. Both sexes of this new species are most similar to P. confusa Jäger, Pathoumthong and Vedel, 2006 (see Jäger et al. 2006: 220, figs 1–13, 29–32) in: embolus hook-shaped in ventral view, with similar arising point and length; U-shaped median septum; spherical structures of internal duct system. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the following combination of characters: 1. Embolus tip inversely U-shaped in ventral view (embolus bent at right angles in P. confusa); 2. Finger-like dRTA longer than in P. confusa; 3. Median septum narrower than in P. confusa; 4. First windings of internal duct system close to each other (far away from each other in P. confusa). Females of this new species also resemble those of P. lutea (Thorell, 1895) (see Jäger 2002: 57, figs 184–185) by: anterior and median margins of lateral lobes goblet-shaped, internal duct system with distinct lateral loops visible through cuticle in ventral view as oval patches on anterior part of epigyne. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the following combination of characters: 1. Anterior margin trilobate (Figs 5D, 6D; bilobate in P. lutea); 2. Loops of internal duct system bending laterally (Figs 5E, 6E; loops bending medially in P. lutea). Description. Male: Total length 9.39–9.46 (n=4). Holotype total length 9.46: prosoma 4.63 long, 4.36 wide; opisthosoma 4.97 long, 3.10 wide. Two eye rows slightly recurved. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.33, PME 0.24, PLE 0.30, AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.35. MOA 0.73 long, anterior width 0.59, posterior width 0.76. Clypeus height 0.31. Chelicerae furnished with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Leg measurements: I 23.03 (6.10, 1.97, 5.90, 6.62, 2.44), II 25.38 (7.57, 2.60, 5.95, 6.92, 2.34), III 18.77 (6.60, 1.74, 3.71, 5.03, 1.69), IV 15.44 (6.60, 1.22, 3.05, 2.08, 2.09). Leg formula: 2134. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I 323, II–III 313, IV 323; patella I–III 101, IV 100; tibia I 4314, II 3124, III 3213, IV 2323; metatarsus I–III 2222, IV 3333. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 5A–C, 6A–C). Cymbium slender, with distinct retrolateral bulge; subdistal tibia with a retrolaterad hump; RTA arising proximally to medially from tibia, vRTA obviously broader than dRTA; tegulum oval, upper part of tegulum with upfold; retrolateral part of spermophore almost straight, and running submarginally in tegulum; embolus arising from tegulum at 10 to 11 o’clock position; terminal embolus with groove (visible in retrolateral view); subapical part of embolus with two small teeth; conductor arising from tegulum at 1 o’clock position, slender, bent medially and then directed prolaterally. Coloration in ethanol (Figs 4A, B): Carapace yellowish, with some dark spots, two lateral bands inconspicuous, margin with gray black patterns. Cervical groove and radial furrow obvious. Fovea dark brown. Each eye surrounded with circular black patch. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal abdomen with lots of black dots; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female: Total length 8.97–9.91 (n=6). One paratype: total length 8.97; prosoma 4.12 long, 4.09 wide; opisthosoma 4.86 long, 3.59 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.27, PME 0.22, PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.41. MOA 0.67 long, anterior width 0.56, posterior width 0.70. Clypeus height 0.09. Leg measurements: I 17.64 (4.97, 2.13, 4.72, 4.18, 1.64), II 19.10 (5.92, 2.22, 4.94, 4.37, 1.65), III 13.81 (4.09, 1.84, 3.80, 2.55, 1.53), IV 15.51 (4.76, 1.59, 3.36, 3.64, 2.16). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–IV 323; patella I–IV 101; tibia I 3423, II 3323, III 3213, IV 3323; metatarsus I–III 2222, IV 3433. Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 5 D-E, 6D-E). Epigynal field wider than long, with trilobate anterior margin, anterior bands absent; lateral lobes longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobes converged on the central axis, anterior and median margins of lateral lobes goblet-shaped; posterior incision of lateral lobes indistinct, near the meeting point of lateral lobes; laterad loops of internal duct system appearing as oval dark patches in ventral view. Coloration in ethanol: Color and markings of body as in male, but generally lighter (Figs 4C, D). Distribution. China (Yunnan Province)., Published as part of Yang, Zi-Zhong, Wu, Ya-Ying, Li, Zhi-Min & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2022, Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 and first description of the male of Pseudopoda physematosa (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province China, pp. 347-360 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on pages 352-354, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7095600, {"references":["Jager, P. (2001) Diversitat der Riesenkrabbenspinnen im Himalaya. Uber eine Radiation zweier Gattungen in den Schneetropen (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 232, 1 - 136.","Jager, P., Pathoumthong, B. & Vedel, V. (2006) First record of the genus Pseudopoda Jager 2000 in Laos with description of new species (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 86, 219 - 228.","Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum, Taylor and Francis, London, 406 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17492","Jager, P. (2002) Heteropodinae: transfers and synonymies (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae). Acta Arachnologica, 51, 33 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 51.33"]}

Pseudopoda mingshengi Yang & Zhang sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Yunnan Province: Mengjiao Township (23°16.38′N, 99°11.21′E, 1769 m), Cangyuan County, 23 May 2017, Z.Z. Yang & C.G. Li (MHBU) Paratypes: 4♀, with same data as for holotype (1♀ in MHBU, 3♀ in DUIER). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to the late Prof. Dr Ming-Sheng Zhu for his efforts on arachnological studies in China; nomen in genitive case. Diagnosis. Males of this new species resemble those of P. contraria Jäger and Vedel, 2007 (see Jäger & Vedel 2007: 31, figs 114–116) in the embolus with a huge prolateral projection, and a broad apical tip of the embolic projection. It can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1. Apical part of embolus very broad (Figs 2B–C, 3B–C; thinner in P. contraria); 2. Embolic projection trapezoid-shaped in ventral view (Figs 2B, 3B; square-shaped in P. contraria); 3. Top of embolic projection with teeth (Figs 2B, 3B; absent in P. contraria). Females of this new species resemble those of P. pingu Jäger, 2015 (see Jäger 2015: 336, figs 21–23) by the lateral windings projecting anteriorly above the median septum and the longitudinally sclerotised internal duct system. It can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1. lateral lobes touching each other (Figs 2D, 3D; distinctly separated in P. pingu); 2. the first winding of internal duct system obviously wide (Figs 2E, 3E; moderately wide in P. pingu). Description. Male (holotype): Total length 10.83: prosoma 5.61 long, 5.24 wide; opisthosoma 5.24 long, 3.42 wide. AER slightly recurved, PER straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.45, PME 0.37, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.27, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.46. MOA 1.03 long, anterior width 0.64, posterior width 1.03. Clypeus height 0.26. Chelicerae brown, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Sternum with dark setae. Legs yellowish brown, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches, metatarsus of leg with dense scopula. Leg measurements: I 23.47 (6.75, 2.80, 5.34, 6.24, 2.34), II 26.04 (7.61, 2.79, 6.62, 6.57, 2.45), III 20.12 (6.49, 2.40, 5.22, 4.36, 1.65), IV 21.18 (6.43, 2.15, 6.01, 4.52, 2.07). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 321; patella I–IV 101; tibia I–IV 3223; metatarsus I–II 2112, III–IV 2222. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 2A–C, 3A–C). Cymbium slender; RTA arising proximally to medially from tibia, dRTA long and distally sharp, vRTA indistinct; spermophor running submarginally at retromargin of tegulum, turning into an S-shaped duct at promargin of tegulum to the base of embolus; embolus arising from tegulum at 9 o’clock position, very broadened in its middle part; embolic projection flat and very large, pointing prolaterally, embolic projection distally with two triangular teeth; conductor arising from tegulum at 12 o’clock position, slender, bent ventrad. Coloration in ethanol: Carapace yellowish brown, bearing some small spots. Cervical groove and radial furrow obvious. Longitudinal fovea dark brown. Ocular area darker. Each eye surrounded with circular black patch. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish brown, the posterior part of labium dark brown. Legs yellowish brown, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches, metatarsus darker. Dorsal opisthosoma gray black dorsally, with white lateral patterns and a big dark triangular median pattern, the posterior part whitish; venter gray black (Figs 1A–B). Female: Total length 13.65–13.71 (n=4). One paratype: Total length 13.71; prosoma 6.25 long, 5.78 wide; opisthosoma 7.47 long, 5.00 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.44, PME 0.33, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.27, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.38, PME–PLE 0.54. MOA 1.11 long, anterior width 0.77, posterior width 1.07. Clypeus height 0.50. Leg measurements: I 21.81 (6.27, 2.93, 5.98, 5.11, 1.52), II 23.63 (6.56, 3.43, 6.13, 5.51, 2.00), III 18.74 (5.47, 2.68, 4.57, 4.06, 1.96), IV 21.21 (6.48, 2.52, 5.22, 4.41, 2.58). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–II 323, III 332, IV 331; patella I–IV 001; tibia I–IV 3223; metatarsus I–II 2112, III–IV 2222. Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 2D–E, 3D–E). Epigynal field wider than long, with slightly trilobate anterior margin, anterior bands short, indistinct; lateral lobes longer than wide, slightly converged on the central axis; anterior margins of lateral lobes heart - shaped; loops of internal duct system bending laterally, the posterior parts hidden behind lateral lobes; the anterior margin of longitudinally sclerotised parts beyond copulatory opening. Coloration in ethanol: Color and markings of carapace as in male. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown dorsally, with some irregular patches laterally and a distinct white transversal patch in the posterior part; venter brown, with small and irregular patches (Figs 1C–D). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Note. The species P. mingshengi cannot be allocated to any of the nine known species groups according to morphological features. Males share the broad prolateral embolic projection with several species, e.g., P. daxing Zhao and Li, 2018 in Jiang et al. 2018, P. digitata Jäger and Vedel, 2007 and P. contraria, but females of this new species are completely different.

Pseudopoda uncata Yang & Zhang sp. nov. (Figs 4–6) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA : Yunnan Province: Mengjiao Township, Cangyuan County (23°16.38′N, 99°11.21′E, 1769 m), 11 May 2021, Z.Z. Yang & Z.M. Li (MHBU). Paratypes: 1♂, 5♀, with same data as for holotype (1♀ in MHBU, 1♂ 4♀ in DUIER); 2♂, 1♀, with same data as for holotype except: 23 May 2017, Z.Z. Yang (DUIER). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective—derived from uncus (=hook), referring to the shape of embolus in ventral view. Diagnosis. According to the morphology of genital organs (for details see Jäger 2001), P. uncata sp. nov. belongs to the diversipunctata species-group, which, up to now, was comprised of six species: P. confusa, P. diversipunctata, P. intermedia, P. lutea, P. marsupia and P. serrata. Both sexes of this new species are most similar to P. confusa Jäger, Pathoumthong and Vedel, 2006 (see Jäger et al. 2006: 220, figs 1–13, 29–32) in: embolus hook-shaped in ventral view, with similar arising point and length; U-shaped median septum; spherical structures of internal duct system. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the following combination of characters: 1. Embolus tip inversely U-shaped in ventral view (embolus bent at right angles in P. confusa); 2. Finger-like dRTA longer than in P. confusa; 3. Median septum narrower than in P. confusa; 4. First windings of internal duct system close to each other (far away from each other in P. confusa). Females of this new species also resemble those of P. lutea (Thorell, 1895) (see Jäger 2002: 57, figs 184–185) by: anterior and median margins of lateral lobes goblet-shaped, internal duct system with distinct lateral loops visible through cuticle in ventral view as oval patches on anterior part of epigyne. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the following combination of characters: 1. Anterior margin trilobate (Figs 5D, 6D; bilobate in P. lutea); 2. Loops of internal duct system bending laterally (Figs 5E, 6E; loops bending medially in P. lutea). Description. Male: Total length 9.39–9.46 (n=4). Holotype total length 9.46: prosoma 4.63 long, 4.36 wide; opisthosoma 4.97 long, 3.10 wide. Two eye rows slightly recurved. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.33, PME 0.24, PLE 0.30, AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.35. MOA 0.73 long, anterior width 0.59, posterior width 0.76. Clypeus height 0.31. Chelicerae furnished with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Leg measurements: I 23.03 (6.10, 1.97, 5.90, 6.62, 2.44), II 25.38 (7.57, 2.60, 5.95, 6.92, 2.34), III 18.77 (6.60, 1.74, 3.71, 5.03, 1.69), IV 15.44 (6.60, 1.22, 3.05, 2.08, 2.09). Leg formula: 2134. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I 323, II–III 313, IV 323; patella I–III 101, IV 100; tibia I 4314, II 3124, III 3213, IV 2323; metatarsus I–III 2222, IV 3333. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 5A–C, 6A–C). Cymbium slender, with distinct retrolateral bulge; subdistal tibia with a retrolaterad hump; RTA arising proximally to medially from tibia, vRTA obviously broader than dRTA; tegulum oval, upper part of tegulum with upfold; retrolateral part of spermophore almost straight, and running submarginally in tegulum; embolus arising from tegulum at 10 to 11 o’clock position; terminal embolus with groove (visible in retrolateral view); subapical part of embolus with two small teeth; conductor arising from tegulum at 1 o’clock position, slender, bent medially and then directed prolaterally. Coloration in ethanol (Figs 4A, B): Carapace yellowish, with some dark spots, two lateral bands inconspicuous, margin with gray black patterns. Cervical groove and radial furrow obvious. Fovea dark brown. Each eye surrounded with circular black patch. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal abdomen with lots of black dots; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female: Total length 8.97–9.91 (n=6). One paratype: total length 8.97; prosoma 4.12 long, 4.09 wide; opisthosoma 4.86 long, 3.59 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.27, PME 0.22, PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.41. MOA 0.67 long, anterior width 0.56, posterior width 0.70. Clypeus height 0.09. Leg measurements: I 17.64 (4.97, 2.13, 4.72, 4.18, 1.64), II 19.10 (5.92, 2.22, 4.94, 4.37, 1.65), III 13.81 (4.09, 1.84, 3.80, 2.55, 1.53), IV 15.51 (4.76, 1.59, 3.36, 3.64, 2.16). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–IV 323; patella I–IV 101; tibia I 3423, II 3323, III 3213, IV 3323; metatarsus I–III 2222, IV 3433. Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 5 D-E, 6D-E). Epigynal field wider than long, with trilobate anterior margin, anterior bands absent; lateral lobes longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobes converged on the central axis, anterior and median margins of lateral lobes goblet-shaped; posterior incision of lateral lobes indistinct, near the meeting point of lateral lobes; laterad loops of internal duct system appearing as oval dark patches in ventral view. Coloration in ethanol: Color and markings of body as in male, but generally lighter (Figs 4C, D). Distribution. China (Yunnan Province).

Pseudopoda physematosa Zhang, Jäger and Liu, 2019 (Figs 7–9) Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 7♂, Jizu Mountain (25°57.47′N, 100°57.40′E, 2406 m), Binchuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous prefecture, 2 June 2021, Z.Z. Yang (1♂ in MHBU, 6♂ in DUIER); 4♂, 5♀, with same data as above except: 29 April 2021, L.J. Ding (DUIER). Diagnosis (male). The males of P. physematosa share characters of the P. signata -group (Zhang et al. 2019): short outgrowth on tegulum, embolus arising point in 7-9 o´clock position, and similar shape of the short vRTA. However, the embolus in P. physematosa is thinner and dRTA is shorter than those in other members of the P. signata -group. The males of P. physematosa also resemble those of P. shuqiangi Jäger and Vedel, 2007 (see Jäger & Vedel 2007: 21, figs 73–78) by: the shape of short RTA in retrolateral view; apical embolus filiform, and running three quarter of an oval. It can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: 1. Tip of dRTA sharp (Figs 8B, 9B; blunt in P. shuqiangi); 2. RTA arising in an acute angle from tibia (Figs 8B, 9B; almost right angle in the latter species); 3. Prolateral tegulum distally with a blunt hump (Figs 8A–B, 9A–B; absent in the latter species). Description. Male: Total length 7.20 – 7.24 (n=11). One male: total length 7.22: prosoma 3.79 long, 3.39 wide; opisthosoma 3.47 long, 2.08 wide. Two eye rows slight recurved. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.27, PME 0.24, PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.25, PME–PLE 0.37. MOA 0.62 long, anterior width 0.47, posterior width 0.65. Clypeus height 0.12. Chelicerae yellowish, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Leg measurements: I 12.95 (4.01, 1.29, 2.89, 3.41, 1.35), II 13.82 (4.60, 1.29, 3.11, 3.65, 1.17), III 11.79 (3.95, 1.00, 2.67, 3.19, 0.98), IV 12.33 (3.85, 0.89, 2.22, 4.12, 1.25). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 331; patella I–IV 001; tibia I–IV 3223; metatarsus I–II 2222, III 2313, IV 3333. Male palp as in diagnosis (Figs 8A–C, 9A–C). Cymbium with distinct retrolateral bulge; RTA arising basally from tibia, dRTA short, horn shaped in ventral view, vRTA broad, shovel-shaped; tegulum with hump, prolateral tegular outgrowth blunt, near the base of the conductor; spermophor and running submarginally in tegulum, slightly S-shaped prolaterally; embolus long, arising from 9 o’clock position on tegulum, basal half of embolus slightly broad; conductor arising from tegulum at 11 o’clock position, slender, bent distally and directed prolaterally. Coloration in ethanol: Carapace yellowish, with dark spots and two lateral bands, margin with thin dash lines and gray black patterns. Cervical groove and radial furrow obvious. Longitudinal fovea dark brown. Each eye surrounded with circular black patch. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Margin of sternum with some spots. Legs yellowish with spine patches and many spots. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish with a wide black median belt, anterior half with black lateral patches; venter yellowish, with black patches (Fig. 7A, B). Diagnosis and Description of female see Zhang et al. (2019). Distribution. China (Yunnan Province). Notes. Among the specimens collected in Yunnan, males and females were captured together, and both sexes had the same color pattern of carapaces. This sample and the type material of P. physematosa were collected from similar places. According to the photos of holotype in Zhang et al. (2019), the females were identified as P. physematosa (Figs 8D–E, 9D–E). The males can reasonably be expected to be conspecific with P. physematosa., Published as part of Yang, Zi-Zhong, Wu, Ya-Ying, Li, Zhi-Min & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2022, Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 and first description of the male of Pseudopoda physematosa (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province China, pp. 347-360 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on pages 355-359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7095600, {"references":["Zhang, H., Jager, P. & Liu, J. (2019) Establishing a new species group of Pseudopoda Jager, 2000 with the description of two new species (Araneae, Sparassidae). ZooKeys, 879, 1 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 879.35110","Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1623.1.1"]}

Pseudopoda mingshengi Yang & Zhang sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Yunnan Province: Mengjiao Township (23°16.38′N, 99°11.21′E, 1769 m), Cangyuan County, 23 May 2017, Z.Z. Yang & C.G. Li (MHBU) Paratypes: 4♀, with same data as for holotype (1♀ in MHBU, 3♀ in DUIER). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to the late Prof. Dr Ming-Sheng Zhu for his efforts on arachnological studies in China; nomen in genitive case. Diagnosis. Males of this new species resemble those of P. contraria Jäger and Vedel, 2007 (see Jäger & Vedel 2007: 31, figs 114–116) in the embolus with a huge prolateral projection, and a broad apical tip of the embolic projection. It can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1. Apical part of embolus very broad (Figs 2B–C, 3B–C; thinner in P. contraria); 2. Embolic projection trapezoid-shaped in ventral view (Figs 2B, 3B; square-shaped in P. contraria); 3. Top of embolic projection with teeth (Figs 2B, 3B; absent in P. contraria). Females of this new species resemble those of P. pingu Jäger, 2015 (see Jäger 2015: 336, figs 21–23) by the lateral windings projecting anteriorly above the median septum and the longitudinally sclerotised internal duct system. It can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1. lateral lobes touching each other (Figs 2D, 3D; distinctly separated in P. pingu); 2. the first winding of internal duct system obviously wide (Figs 2E, 3E; moderately wide in P. pingu). Description. Male (holotype): Total length 10.83: prosoma 5.61 long, 5.24 wide; opisthosoma 5.24 long, 3.42 wide. AER slightly recurved, PER straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.45, PME 0.37, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.27, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.46. MOA 1.03 long, anterior width 0.64, posterior width 1.03. Clypeus height 0.26. Chelicerae brown, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Sternum with dark setae. Legs yellowish brown, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches, metatarsus of leg with dense scopula. Leg measurements: I 23.47 (6.75, 2.80, 5.34, 6.24, 2.34), II 26.04 (7.61, 2.79, 6.62, 6.57, 2.45), III 20.12 (6.49, 2.40, 5.22, 4.36, 1.65), IV 21.18 (6.43, 2.15, 6.01, 4.52, 2.07). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 321; patella I–IV 101; tibia I–IV 3223; metatarsus I–II 2112, III–IV 2222. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 2A–C, 3A–C). Cymbium slender; RTA arising proximally to medially from tibia, dRTA long and distally sharp, vRTA indistinct; spermophor running submarginally at retromargin of tegulum, turning into an S-shaped duct at promargin of tegulum to the base of embolus; embolus arising from tegulum at 9 o’clock position, very broadened in its middle part; embolic projection flat and very large, pointing prolaterally, embolic projection distally with two triangular teeth; conductor arising from tegulum at 12 o’clock position, slender, bent ventrad. Coloration in ethanol: Carapace yellowish brown, bearing some small spots. Cervical groove and radial furrow obvious. Longitudinal fovea dark brown. Ocular area darker. Each eye surrounded with circular black patch. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish brown, the posterior part of labium dark brown. Legs yellowish brown, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches, metatarsus darker. Dorsal opisthosoma gray black dorsally, with white lateral patterns and a big dark triangular median pattern, the posterior part whitish; venter gray black (Figs 1A–B). Female: Total length 13.65–13.71 (n=4). One paratype: Total length 13.71; prosoma 6.25 long, 5.78 wide; opisthosoma 7.47 long, 5.00 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.44, PME 0.33, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.27, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.38, PME–PLE 0.54. MOA 1.11 long, anterior width 0.77, posterior width 1.07. Clypeus height 0.50. Leg measurements: I 21.81 (6.27, 2.93, 5.98, 5.11, 1.52), II 23.63 (6.56, 3.43, 6.13, 5.51, 2.00), III 18.74 (5.47, 2.68, 4.57, 4.06, 1.96), IV 21.21 (6.48, 2.52, 5.22, 4.41, 2.58). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–II 323, III 332, IV 331; patella I–IV 001; tibia I–IV 3223; metatarsus I–II 2112, III–IV 2222. Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 2D–E, 3D–E). Epigynal field wider than long, with slightly trilobate anterior margin, anterior bands short, indistinct; lateral lobes longer than wide, slightly converged on the central axis; anterior margins of lateral lobes heart - shaped; loops of internal duct system bending laterally, the posterior parts hidden behind lateral lobes; the anterior margin of longitudinally sclerotised parts beyond copulatory opening. Coloration in ethanol: Color and markings of carapace as in male. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown dorsally, with some irregular patches laterally and a distinct white transversal patch in the posterior part; venter brown, with small and irregular patches (Figs 1C–D). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Note. The species P. mingshengi cannot be allocated to any of the nine known species groups according to morphological features. Males share the broad prolateral embolic projection with several species, e.g., P. daxing Zhao and Li, 2018 in Jiang et al. 2018, P. digitata Jäger and Vedel, 2007 and P. contraria, but females of this new species are completely different., Published as part of Yang, Zi-Zhong, Wu, Ya-Ying, Li, Zhi-Min & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2022, Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 and first description of the male of Pseudopoda physematosa (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province China, pp. 347-360 in Zootaxa 5188 (4) on pages 348-351, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7095600, {"references":["Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1623.1.1","Jager, P. (2015) Conductor-less and vertically niched: new species of the genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) from Myanmar. Arachnology, 16, 333 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2015.16.9.333","Jiang, T. Y., Zhao, Q. Y. & Li, S. Q. (2018) Sixteen new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jager, 2000 from China, Myanmar, and Thailand (Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). ZooKeys, 791, 107 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 791.28137"]}

Yang, Zi-Zhong, Wu, Ya-Ying, Li, Zhi-Min, Zhang, Bao-Shi (2022): Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 and first description of the male of Pseudopoda physematosa (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province China. Zootaxa 5188 (4): 347-360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.4.3

Three new species of the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826, from China, are described as Zodarionapertumsp. n. (♂♀, from Xinjiang), Z.planumsp. n. (♂, from Shaanxi), and Z.ovatumsp. n. (♂♀, from Yunnan).

Genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 Type species: Asceua elegans Thorell, 1887, Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Feng, 2018, Two new species of the spider Family Zodariidae from Laos, pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on page 286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1458618

Two new Zodariidae species, collected from the natural forest of Pakse City, Champasak Province, Laos, are described as Asceua adunca sp. nov. (male, female) and Mallinella renaria sp. nov. (male, female). Asceua torquata (Simon, 1909) and A. piperata Ono, 2004 are newly recorded from Laos, and the male of A. piperata is described and illustrated for the first time.

Mallinella renaria sp. nov. (Figs 9–11) Type material. Holotype male (Z-Laos-11-64), LAOS, Champasak Province: Pakse City, Tad Etu (N 15°11', E 106°06'), 22 Nov. 2011, Z.Z. Gao leg. P aratypes: 8 female (Z-Laos-11-65-Z-Laos-11-72), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. According to Dankittipakul et al. 2012, this species should belong to the cryptocera species-group by the following characters: the dorsal opisthosoma with lanceolate dorsal scutum in the male and a pair of anterior reniform patches (Figs 9A, C) and the RTA with two apophyses (Figs 10B, D, 11B). The new species can be distinguished from other species of the cryptocera -group by the relatively broad embolus with subterminal process, the shorter median apophysis and the epigyne with almost quadrangular plate (Figs 10A–C, E, F, 11A–E). Etymology. The specific name is from Latin word “ renarius ”, in reference to the reniform patches of dorsal opisthosoma; adjective. Description. Male (holotype): Total length 5.66: prosoma 3.00 long, 2.18 wide; opisthosoma 2.48 long, 1.88 wide. Habitus as in Figs 9A, B. Carapace longer than wide, dark brown, tegument smooth and shiny. Clypeus 0.27 high, dark brown. Anterior eye row almost straight and posterior eye row strongly procurved in dorsal view. Each eye ringed with black. Eye diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.16, PME 0.14, PLE 0.09. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.21, ALE–ALE 0.88, AME–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.28, PLE–PLE 1.03, ALE–PLE 0.04. MOA 0.40 long, front width 0.41, back width 0.37. Chilum represented by a single sclerite. Chelicerae dark brown, without teeth on margins of fang furrows, terminal part with row of black setae; fangs short. Endites brown with apices paler and furnished with dense black scopula. Labium triangular, 0.41 long, 0.48 wide, dark brown. Sternum 1.26 long, 1.24 wide, orange-brown with lateral margin darker, with sparse black setae, lateral margin with inter- and intra-coxal triangles. Legs brown, coxae yelllow, femur darker. Leg measurements: leg?6.90 (1.34 + 0.71 + 1.81 + 1.82 + 1.22),? 6.08 (1.54 + 0.73 + 1.63 + 1.59 + 0.59),? 5.10 (0.95 + 0.84 + 1.36 + 1.73 + 0.58),? 8.10 (1.38 + 0.79 + 2.04 + 2.49 + 1.40). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval, longer than wide, covered with black short hair, with wide and lanceolate dorsal scutum, with four pairs of white anterior patches, followed posteriorly by two transversal median bands; lateral part with white patches; anterior part of venter slightly sclerotized, yellow, median and posterior part pale with some black and white patches. Spinnerets (Fig 9B) yellow brown, ringed with blackish patches, with row of thin spines in front of spinnerets. Male palp (Figs 10A–D, 11A–D): Tibia with meso-retrolateral side moderately elevated; RTA with two elongated, conical extensions, the dorsal one smaller; cymbium slightly curved, without terminal spine; median apophysis with apico-prolateral sharp protrusion directed mesad, with short and blunt apical process directed anteriad and with end of baso-retrolateral fold blunt, directed mesad; apex of conductor irregularly rolled; embolus originating posteriorly at 270°, with oval base and apically with rounded subterminal process. Female. One of the specimens (Z-Laos-11-65) measured: Total length 6.29: prosoma 3.08 long, 2.06 wide; opisthosoma 2.95 long, 2.23 wide. Habitus as in Figs 9C, D. Clypeal height 0.26. Eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.11. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.19, ALE–ALE 0.79, AME–PME 0.21, PME–PME 0.15, PME–PLE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.98, ALE–PLE 0.05, MOA 0.40 long, front width 0.36, back width 0.32. Labium 0.41 long, 0.51 wide. Sternum 0.28 long, 0.27 wide. Leg measurements: I 5.78 (1.19 + 0.78 + 1.31 + 1.40 + 1.10), II 5.29 (1.37 + 0.75 + 1.25 + 1.14 + 0.78), III 4.72 (1.05 + 0.64 + 1.18 + 1.07 + 0.78), IV 7.71 (1.40 + 0.87 + 1.62 + 2.25 + 1.57). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma without dorsal scutum. Color as in male. Female genitalia (Figs 10E, F, 11E, F): Epigynal plate rectangular, anterior margin with shallow median incision, posterior margin straight. Spermathecae tubular, apex rounded and broad; copulatory ducts simple; slender fertilization ducts invisible in dorsal view. Distribution. Laos (Champasak).

Genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 Type species: Mallinella maculata Strand, 1906, Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Feng, 2018, Two new species of the spider Family Zodariidae from Laos, pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1458618

Asceua torquata (Simon, 1909) (Figs 7–8) Storena torquata Simon, 1909: 79. Asceua torquata: Ono, 2004: 68, f. 6-7; Zhang, Zhang & Jia, 2012: 66, f. 12-18. Material examined. LAOS, Champasak Province: 3 males (Z-Laos-11-31 - Z-Laos-11-33) and 1 female (Z-Laos- 11-34), Tad Etu (N 15°11', E 106°06'), Pakse City, 18 Nov. 2011, Z.Z. Gao leg. Diagnosis. Asceua torquata can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the wide retrolateral prong of tibial apophysis, the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma and the details of genitalia (Figs 7A–D, 8A–E). Description. See Ono (2004) and Zhang et al. (2012) Distribution. Laos (Champasak), China, Vietnam., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Feng, 2018, Two new species of the spider Family Zodariidae from Laos, pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1458618

Asceua adunca sp. nov. (Figs 1���3) Type material. Holotype male (Z-Laos-11-21), LAOS, Champasak Province: Pakse City, Tad Etu (N 15��11', E 106��06'), 17 Nov. 2011, Z.Z. Gao leg. Paratypes: 3 males (Z-Laos-11-22 - Z-Laos-11-24) and 6 females (Z-Laos- 11-25 - Z-Laos-11-30), same data as holotype; 2 males (Z-Laos-11-60,Z-Laos-11-61) and 2 females (Z-Laos-11- 62, Z-Laos-11-63), Pakse City, Tad Etu (N 15��11', E 106��06'), 21 Nov. 2011, Z.Z. Gao leg. Diagnosis. The males of Asceua adunca sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the combination of the following characters: membranous conductor long and parallel to the terminal part of embolus, the median apophysis with a very long and thin hook-like extension; the shape of tegulum, the RTA bifurcate (Figs 2A���C, 3A���C). Asceua adunca sp. nov. resembles to Asceua quadrimaculata Zhang, Zhang & Jia, 2012 by the shape of tegulum and the RTA bifurcate, two small epigynal copulatory openings and a small central epigynal pocket, but it differs from the latter by the hook-like extension of the median apophysis, the two distant copulatory openings and the smaller spermathecae (Figs 2D, E, 3D, E). Etymology. The specific name is from Latin word ��� adunca ���, in reference to the hook-like extension of the median apophysis; adjective. Description. Male (holotype): Total length 2.03: prosoma 1.07 long, 0.73 wide; opisthosoma 0.82 long, 0.70 wide. Carapace (Fig. 1A) longer than wide, brown, median part with faint black patch in front of black fovea, margins black, thorax elevated, tegument smooth and shiny. Clypeus 0.24 high, brown. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row strongly procurved in dorsal view. Each eye ringed with black. Eye diameters: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.09. Eye interdistances: AME���AME 0.02, AME���ALE 0.08, ALE���ALE 0.30, AME���PME 0.07, PME���PME 0.08, PME���PLE 0.08, PLE���PLE 0.41, ALE���PLE 0.07. MOQ 0.22 long, anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.21. Chilum poorly defined. Mouthpart (Fig. 1B): chelicerae brown, with two anterior and one posterior teeth on margins of fang furrows, terminal part with row of black scopulae, fangs short; endites brown, apices paler and provided with dense black scopula; labium triangular, 0.16 long, 0.15 wide, brown, median part with semi-orbicular dark band. Sternum (Fig. 1B) 0.51 long, 0.50 wide, brown, lateral margin dark, provided with sparse black setae, its lateral margin with inter- and intra-coxal triangles. Legs (Figs 1A, B) yellow-brown, each femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus with some black patches at extremities. Leg measurements: leg?3.10 (0.86 + 0.53 + 0.50 + 0.76 + 0.45),? 2.42 (0.67 + 0.29 + 0.44 + 0.65 + 0.37),? 1.63 (0.63 + 0.17 + 0.21 + 0.38 + 0.24),? 3.19 (0.89 + 0.18 + 0.57 + 1.05 + 0.50). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Figs 1A, B) oval, longer than wide, covered with black short hair. Dorsum of opisthosoma slightly sclerotized, dark brown, with three pairs of lighter brown patches, posterior one connected by narrow transversal median light band; anterior part of venter yellow. Spinnerets (Fig. 1B) yellow pale, laterally with two blackish patches. Male palp (Figs 2A���C, 3A���C): Median apophysis wide and strong, retrolaterally with long and thin hook-like extension; palpal tibia with strong ventral and retrolateral blunt process, retrolateral tibial apophysis wide, triangular and dorsal tibial apophysis finger-shaped. Cymbium with terminal spine and with pro- and retrolateral folds not reaching tip. Female. One of the specimens (Z-Laos-11-25) measured: Total length 2.74: prosoma 1.14 long, 0.85 wide; opisthosoma 1.61 long, 1.26 wide. Carapace brown. Clypeal height 0.20. Eye diameters: AME 0.07, ALE 0.06, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08. Eye interdistances: AME���AME 0.03, AME���ALE 0.04, ALE���ALE 0.35, AME���PME 0.16, PME���PME 0.10, PME���PLE 0.09, PLE���PLE 0.47, ALE���PLE 0.14. MOQ 0.31 long, front width 0.19, back width 0.23. Mouthpart (Fig. 1D): labium 0.19 long, 0.25 wide. Sternum 0.55 long, 0.57 wide. Leg measurements: I 2.67 (0.63 + 0.23+ 0.65 + 0.68 + 0.48), II 2.22 (0.55 + 0.25 + 0.54 + 0.57 + 0.31), III 2.60 (0.60 + 0.30 + 0.58 + 0.71 + 0.41), IV 3.70 (0.78 + 0.29 + 0.88 + 1.16 + 0.59). Leg formula: 4132. Dorsum of opisthosoma black, without dorsal scutum, with two pairs of white anterior patches, followed posteriorly by four transversal median bands; venter yellowish-white. Other color as in male (Figs 1C, D). Female genitalia (Figs 2D, E, 3D, E) with central epigynal pocket, copulatory openings situated in posterior part of epigyne; long and winding copulatory ducts visible through integument; spermathecae small and oval, situated posteriorly and well separated. Distribution. Laos (Champasak)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Feng, 2018, Two new species of the spider Family Zodariidae from Laos, pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 286-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1458618

Asceua piperata Ono, 2004 (Figs 4���6) Asceua piperata Ono, 2004: 68, f. 1-5. Material examined. LAOS, Champasak Province: 1 male (Z-Laos-11-40) and 2 females (Z-Laos-11-41, Z-Laos- 11-42), Pakse City, Tad Etu (N 15��11', E 106��06'), 20 Nov. 2011, Z.Z. Gao leg. Diagnosis. Asceua piperata Ono, 2004 resembles to A. wallacei Bosmans & Hillyard, 1990 with the roughly triangular base of the embolus, the very long embolus following dorso-prolateral curvature of cymbium, the spherical and adjoining spermathecae and anteromedian epigynal pocket. However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the thin and bifurcate retrolateral tibial apophysis, the tip of cymbium without pointed lateral process, the tip of conductor not bifurcate and the course of the internal copulatory ducts (Figs 4E, 5A���E, 6A���E). Description. Male (Z-Laos-11-40): Total length 2.92: prosoma 1.55 long, 1.23 wide; opisthosoma 1.29 long, 1.03 wide. Carapace (Fig 4A) longer than wide, brown, thorax elevated, tegument smooth and shiny, median part with V-shaped black patch in front of black fovea. Clypeus 0.50 high, brown. Anterior eye row slightly procurved and posterior eye row strongly procurved in dorsal view. Each eye ringed with black. Eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.04, PME 0.11, PLE 0.10. Eye interdistances: AME���AME 0.07, AME���ALE 0.04, ALE���ALE 0.50, AME��� PME 0.06, PME���PME 0.11, PME���PLE 0.13, PLE���PLE 0.65, ALE���PLE 0.06. MOQ 0.29 long, anterior width 0.29, posterior width 0.31. Chilum single sclerite, triangular. Mouthpart (Fig 4B): chelicerae brown, with two anterior and one posterior teeth on margins of fang furrows, terminal part armed with row of black scopula; fangs short; endites brown, apices pale, furnished with dense black scopula; labium triangular, 0.25 long, 0.31 wide, brown. Sternum (Fig 4B) 0.69 long, 0.74 wide, brown, with sparse black setae, lateral margin with intracoxal triangles. Legs yellow, coxae whitish, each femur, patella, metatarsus with black patches at extremities, each tibia with black patches at base and extremities. Leg measurements:? 5.54 (1.40 + 0.35 + 1.31 + 1.79 + 0.69),? 4.30 (1.10 + 0.38 + 1.00 + 1.24 + 0.58),? 4.45 (1.11 + 0.48 + 1.04 + 1.26 + 0.56),? 6.09 (1.31 + 0.38 + 1.76 + 1.77 + 0.87). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma (Figs 4A, B) oval, longer than wide, covered with grey short hair, with small rectangular dorsal scutum. Dorsum of opisthosoma black, with two pairs of anterior white patches, followed by two transversal median bands; anterior part of venter yellow, posterior part white and with some black patches. Spinnerets (Fig 4B) yellow brown, laterally with blackish patches. Male palp (Figs 4E, 5A���C, 6A���C): tibia with wide dorsal apophysis and bifurcate retrolateral apophysis, with large concavity between them, fitting by posterior, globose cymbial projection; tegulum with thin sharp posterior hook; conductor wide and semi-circular; embolus long, thread-like, at first following dorso-prolateral curvature of cymbium on mesal side of palp, then turning to lateral side of palp and following dorsal margin of conductor; cymbium tareperd apically, without terminal spine, with deep, sinuous pro-and lateral folds not reaching tip. Female. One of the specimens (Z-Laos-11-41) measured: Total length 3.06: prosoma 1.44 long, 1.04 wide; opisthosoma 1.38 long, 1.16 wide. Clypeal height 0.49. Eye diameters: AME 0.07, ALE 0.04, PME 0.11, PLE 0.13. Eye interdistances: AME���AME 0.07, AME���ALE 0.05, ALE���ALE 0.42, AME���PME 0.10, PME���PME 0.13, PME���PLE 0.12, PLE���PLE 0.61, ALE���PLE 0.03. MOQ 0.28 long, front width 0.25, back width 0.30. Labium 0.19 long, 0.28 wide. Sternum 0.61 long, 0.66 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.42 (0.91 + 0.37 + 0.72 + 0.92 + 0.50), II 3.10 (0.76 + 0.31 + 0.71 + 0.87 + 0.45), III 3.18 (0.85 + 0.31+ 0.75 + 0.81 + 0.46), IV 4.45 (1.13 + 0.37 + 1.03 + 1.36 + 0.56). Leg formula: 4132. Dorsum of opisthosoma without dorsal scutum and with two pairs of white anterior patches, followed by three transversal median bands (Fig 4C); venter white. Spinnerets (Fig 4D) yellow brown, ringed with blackish patches. Other color as in male (Figs 4C���D). Female genitalia (Figs 5D���E, 6D���E): copulatory openings situated in anterior part of epigyne, median part with short central epigynal pocket; long and winding copulatory ducts visible through integument; adjoining spermathecae big and spherical, situated posteriorly. Distribution. Laos (Champasak), Vietnam., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Feng, 2018, Two new species of the spider Family Zodariidae from Laos, pp. 285-300 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1458618

In this study, three new species belonging to the genus Pholcus, collected from a forest of the Taihang Mountains, P. R. China, are described under the names of Pholcus papillatus sp. n. (male, female), Pholcus curvus sp. n. (male, female) and Pholcus auricularis sp. n. (male, female).

Sinopoda longiducta sp. nov. (Figs 33���48) Type material: Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province: Baoxing County, Fengtongzhai Natural Reserve, 30 �� 25 ���N, 102 �� 50 ���E, 970 m, evergreen broad-leaf forest, 29 June 2012, M.X. Liu (MHBU, SP-SC- 12 -0601). FGURES 33���34. Sinopoda longiducta sp. nov. 33���34 habitus ofmale holotype (33 dorsal, 34 ventral). Scale bar: 33���34: 2 mm. Paratypes: 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype (1 female in MHBU, SP-SC- 12 -0602, 6 males and 2 females in SWUC, SP-SC- 12 -0603���0610). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ��� longi -���, meaning ���long���, and the Latin word ���ducta���, meaning ���duct���, referring to the long internal duct system; adjective. Diagnosis. Males of Sinopoda longiducta sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Sinopoda species (except S. triangula and S. globosa sp. nov.) by the triangular projection at the subdistal embolus (Figs 35 ���37, 42��� 45). The males of the new species differ from S. triangula and S. globosa sp. nov. by: the long distal embolus (longer than embolic apophysis) and the slender distal part of embolic apophysis. Females can be distinguished from other Sinopoda species by the long glandular appendage of vulva and its globose apical swelling (Figs 40 ���41, 46��� 48). Description. Male: Total length (n= 7) 12.56���12.70. Holotype: total length 12.70; prosoma 5.90 long, 5.70 wide; opisthosoma 7.40 long, 6.80 wide. Dorsal prosoma brown, lateral margins dark, posterior part covered by dark hairs. Fovea and radial furrows distinct. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.36, PME 0.30, PLE 0.34; AME���AME 0.18, AME���ALE 0.09, PME���PME 0.26, PME���PLE 0.40. MOA 0.95 long, anterior width 0.60, posterior width 0.75. Clypeus height 0.37. Chelicerae yellowish-brown, anterior part with dark brown longitudinal bands, with 3 anterior and 4 posterior teeth, and with 45 denticles in elongated patch close to anterior teeth. Labium brown, gnathocoxae yellowish-brown, both with distal parts brighter. Sternum yellowish-brown, margin reddish-brown. Legs brown, ventral metatarsus III with sparse double row of bristles in proximal half, IV with dense double row of bristles along entire length. Leg measurements: I 34.40 (9.00, 2.60, 9.20, 10.20, 3.40), II 38.20 (10.20, 2.60, 11.00, 11.20, 3.20), III 28.00 (8.10, 2.60, 7.20, 7.50, 2.60), IV 31.90 (9.20, 2.60, 8.10, 8.60, 3.40). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���III 323, IV 321; patella 101; tibia 2326; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma covered by gray hairs, heart patch and muscle impressions yellow, lateral part with three pairs of black patches followed by a black transversal band; venter graybrown (Figs 33���34). Palp (Figs 35 ���37, 42��� 45). Conductor slender and long; embolus slightly curving and arising from tegulum in 7 to 8 -o'clock-position (left palp in ventral view), subdistal embolus with a triangular projection, embolic tip extending slightly beyond embolic apophysis, basal part of embolus only partly visible in ventral view; sperm duct slightly curved in ventral view; dRTA slender and straight, with rounded tip, vRTA short and stout from retrolateral view; both cymbium and tibia elongated, cymbium slightly longer than tibia. Female: Total length (n= 3) 21.20���21.40. One paratype: total length 21.40; prosoma 7.40 long, 6.80 wide; opisthosoma 14.00 long, 9.80 wide. Dorsal prosoma brown, laterally with wide reddish-brown patches, lateral and posterior margins dark brown. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.49, PME 0.39, PLE 0.48; AME���AME 0.29, AME���ALE 0.08, PME���PME 0.39, PME��� PLE 0.62. MOA 1.00 long, anterior width 0.88, posterior width 1.17. Clypeus height 0.38. Leg measurements: I 24.60 (7.20, 2.80, 6.50, 5.80, 2.30), II 27.30 (8.40, 3.10, 7.40, 6.10, 2.30), III 21.50 (6.90, 2.50, 4.60, 5.30, 2.20), IV 25.70 (7.20, 2.60, 6.30, 6.80, 2.80). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 1012; femur I���III 323, IV 321; patella 000; tibia I���III 2026, IV 2126; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown, median field of opisthosoma with two wide and short yellow patches, venter dark brown, with two longitudinal yellow lines (Figs 38���39). Epigyne (Figs 40 ���41, 46��� 48). Epigynal field wider than long, with two long and narrow anterior bands; lateral lobes fused, posterior margin of epigyne slightly bilobate; epigynal pockets running from latero-posterior to medioanterior, lateral furrows short and slant; lobal septum moderately wide to narrow and anteriorly covered by recurved rim; middle part of internal ducts with long parallel part; glandular appendages long and extending posteriorly in posterior half of internal duct system, its globose distal swelling; posterior part of spermathecae ovate; fertilisation ducts arising medio-posteriorly from spermathecae. Distribution. China (Sichuan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Three new Sinopoda species (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China, pp. 59-75 in Zootaxa 3974 (1) on pages 69-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/288970

Sinopoda globosa sp. nov. (Figs 17���32) Type material: Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province: Wolong Natural Reserve, 30 �� 58 ���N, 103 �� 15 ���E, 1200 m, near road, 19 July 2003, J.X. Zhang (MHBU, SP-SC-03-0025). Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MHBU, SP-SC-03-0026). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���globosus, -a, -um���, meaning ���globose���, referring to the shape of spermathecae; adjective. Diagnosis. The male and female of Sinopoda globosa sp. nov. are similar to those of S. triangula and S. longiducta sp. nov. in the long embolus, the triangular projection of subdistal embolus and the large globose spermathecae, and the diameter of the PP is almost twice the diameter of the internal duct system. The male differs from S. triangula by: conductor as long as tegulum; the median part of embolus wider than the proximal part (Figs 19 ���21, 26��� 29). For differences from S. longiducta sp. nov. see diagnosis of this species below. The female of the new species differs from S. triangula and S. longiducta sp. nov. by: glandular appendages short, extending posteriorly not in posterior half of internal duct system and converging apically; distance from glandular appendages to posterior part of spermatheca about 2.5 times of internal duct diameter (Figs 24 ���25, 30��� 32). Description. Male (Holotype): total length 11.90; prosoma 6.10 long, 5.30 wide; opisthosoma 5.80 long, 4.00 wide. Dorsal prosoma yellow, lateral margins dark especially in posterior half, lateral patches wide and reddishbrown. Fovea and radial furrows distinctly marked. Median field of prosoma with a reddish-brown median line from fovea to posterior eye row and two small dots in front of the fovea. Ocular area reddish-brown. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.26, ALE 0.40, PME 0.33, PLE 0.42; AME���AME 0.28, AME���ALE 0.15, PME���PME 0.41, PME���PLE 0.59. MOA 0.91 long, anterior width 0.77, posterior width 1.04. Clypeus height 0.27. Chelicerae reddish-brown, with 3 anterior and 4 posterior teeth, and with 40 denticles in elongated patch close to anterior teeth. Labium and gnathocoxae brown, both with distal parts brighter. Sternum brown, margin reddish-brown. Legs yellow, ventral metatarsus III with sparse double row of bristles in proximal half, IV with dense double row of bristles along entire length. Leg measurements: I 33.40 (9.20, 2.30, 8.90, 9.90, 3.10), II 33.50 (9.20, 2.30, 8.90, 9.90, 3.20), III 30.10 (8.80, 2.40, 7.90, 8.10, 2.90), IV 33.20 (9.10, 2.20, 8.90, 9.90, 3.10). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���III 323, IV 331; patella I���III 101, IV 100; tibia I 2426, II���III 2326, IV 2226; metatarsus I���II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma gray-brown, heart patch and muscle impressions yellow, lateral field of opisthosoma with three pairs of black patches, posterior part with a black transversal band; venter gray-brown (Figs 17���18). Palp (Figs 19 ���21, 26��� 29). Embolus long and slightly curving, arising from tegulum in a 7 to 8 -o'clock-position (left palp in ventral view), embolus distally willow-leaf-shaped, and running parallel along embolic apophysis basally, slightly diverging in the apical part, basal part of embolus visible from ventral view, distal embolic apophysis hook-shaped; sperm duct slightly curved from ventral view; the base of RTA with a distinct brush of stiff setae; dRTA slender and finger-shaped, vRTA stout, with a pointed tip from ventral view; cymbium longer than tibia. Female (Paratype): total length 14.40: prosoma 7.10 long, 6.20 wide; opisthosoma 7.30 long, 4.60 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.27, ALE 0.43, PME 0.34, PLE 0.44; AME���AME 0.30, AME���ALE 0.16, PME���PME 0.42, PME���PLE 0.60. MOA 0.96 long, anterior width 0.79, posterior width 1.07. Clypeus height 0.28. Leg measurements: I 22.40 (6.80, 1.80, 5.90, 5.80, 2.10), II 26.50 (7.60, 2.80, 7.10, 6.80, 2.20), III 19.30 (6.80, 1.80, 4.50, 4.30, 1.90), IV 20.30 (6.80, 1.90, 4.80, 4.70, 2.10). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 1014; femur I 323, II 333, III 323, IV 321; patella I-III 101, IV 100; tibia I 2126, II 2326, III 2226, IV 2326; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. The shape, color and markings of body as in male (Figs 22���23). Epigyne (Figs 24 ���25, 30��� 32). Epigynal field wider than long, without anterior bands; lateral lobes fused, posteriorly with median indentation; epigynal pockets running from latero-posterior to medio-anterior, where copulatory openings are situated; lobal septum wide; middle part of internal ducts running parallel along the median line, anterior part narrower than posterior part; glandular appendages short; spermathecae bulging laterally and PP globose. Distribution. China (Sichuan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Three new Sinopoda species (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China, pp. 59-75 in Zootaxa 3974 (1) on pages 65-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/288970

Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Zhang, Feng (2015): Three new Sinopoda species (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China. Zootaxa 3974 (1): 59-75, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.1.4

Sinopoda cochlearia sp. nov. (Figs 1���16) Type material: Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Chongqing Municipality: Jinfo Mountain Natural Reserve, Wolongtan, 29 ��04���N, 107 �� 13 ���E, 757 m, native forest, by hand, 24 July 2011, L.Y. Wang leg. (MHBU, SP-CQ- 11 -0704). Paratypes: CHINA: Chongqing Municipality: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MHBU, SP-CQ- 11 -0705); 1 ♂, Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve, 29 �� 49 ���N, 106 �� 22 ���E, 510 m, native forest, by hand, 8 July 2010, Z.S. Zhang leg., (SWUC, SP-CQ- 10 -0701); 1 ♂, Simian Mountain Forest Park, 28 �� 40 ���N, 106 �� 25 ���E, 730 m, 18 July 2011, M.X. Liu leg. (SWUC, SP-CQ- 11 -0702). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���cochlear���, meaning ���cucullar���, referring to the shape of the cucullar conductor; adjective. Diagnosis. Based on the reduced vRTA and the presence of a distinct brush of stiff setae at the base of the RTA, males of S. cochlearia sp. nov. belong to the Sinopoda okinawana -group as defined by J��ger and Ono (2002), but can be separated from S. albofasciata J��ger and Ono, 2002, S. derivata J��ger and Ono, 2002, S. nuda Liu et al., 2008, S. tanikawai J��ger and Ono, 2000 and S. wangi Song and Zhu, 1999 by the developed EA; separated from S. fasciculata J��ger et al., 2002, S. koreana (Paik, 1968) and S. okinawana J��ger and Ono, 2000 by the long EA (about half the length of embolus); and separated from S. hamata (Fox, 1937) by the slightly bent SD in ventral view, short dRTA and the narrow embolic base (Figs 3 ���5, 10��� 13). The female of S. cochlearia sp. nov. resembles those of S. suang J��ger, 2012, S. tham J��ger, 2012 and S. triangula Liu et al., 2008 by: epigynal pockets with a narrow lobal septum, posterior margin of lateral lobes forming a semi-circle, posterior margin of epigyne slightly bilobate as well as internal duct system with long parallel part. It can be distinguished from S. suang and S. tham by: lobal septum long, glandular appendages long, extending posteriorly in posterior half of internal duct system, and distinctly diverging posteriorly; and distinguished from S. triangula by small posterior part of spermathecae (Figs 8 ���9, 14��� 16). Description. Male: Total length (n= 3) 18.91���19.10. Holotype: total length 19.10; prosoma 9.20 long, 8.40 wide; opisthosoma 9.90 long, 5.80 wide. Dorsal prosoma reddish-brown, lateral and posterior margins dark brown, with yellow submarginal transversal band posteriorly. Fovea and radial furrows distinctly dark brown. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.42, ALE 0.60, PME 0.44, PLE 0.62; AME���AME 0.29, AME���ALE 0.08, PME���PME 0.36, PME���PLE 0.60. MOA 1.43 long, anterior width 1.07, posterior width 1.30. Clypeus height 0.37. Chelicerae deep reddish-brown with dark pattern, promargin with 3 teeth and retromargin with 4 teeth, and with 43 denticles in elongated patch close to promarginal teeth. Labium and gnathocoxae reddish-brown, both with distal parts brighter. Sternum reddish-brown, margin dark. Legs reddish-brown except femora brown and with dark spots. Ventral metatarsus III with sparse double row of bristles in proximal half, IV with dense double row of bristles along entire length. Leg measurements: I 54.70 (13.10, 4.80, 14.80, 15.90, 6.10), II 59.90 (15.50, 5.90, 15.80, 17.60, 5.10), III 40.80 (10.10, 4.10, 10.60, 12.10, 3.90), IV 46.90 (12.30, 4.80, 11.40, 13.80, 4.60). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���III 333, IV 331; patella I���III 101, IV 100; tibia I���II 2226, III 2326, IV 2226; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown, heart patch and muscle impressions yellow; venter dark brown, with two longitudinal yellow lines in front of spinnerets (Figs 1���2). Palp (Figs 3 ���5, 10��� 13). Conductor cucullar, and with a short handle in ventral view; embolus long and slender, arising in 6 - to 7 -o'clock-position from the swollen tegulum (left palp in ventral view), embolus distinctly curved, basal part of embolus only partly visible in ventral view; tip of embolic apophysis bent at obtuse angle; sperm duct slightly curved in ventral view; dRTA slender and pointed, vRTA short and stout in retrolateral view; cymbium longer than tibia. Female: Paratype: total length (n= 1) 24.17; prosoma 9.69 long, 9.07 wide; opisthosoma 14.48 long, 9.99 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.42, ALE 0.60, PME 0.44, PLE 0.62; AME���AME 0.29, AME���ALE 0.08, PME���PME 0.36, PME���PLE 0.60. MOA 1.43 long, anterior width 1.07, posterior width 1.30. Clypeus height 0.37. Leg measurements: I 36.51 (10.20, 3.21, 11.37, 9.18, 2.55), II 39.87 (11.73, 3.25, 12.25, 9.79, 2.85), III 32.31 (9.58, 3.02, 9.72, 7.65, 2.34), IV 35.37 (10.10, 2.93, 9.91, 9.58, 2.85). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 1012; femur I���III 323, IV 331; patella I���II 101, III 0 0 1, IV 000; tibia I���IV 2026; metatarsus I���II 2028, III 2016, IV 2036. Dorsal prosoma darker than that in male, dorsal opisthosoma brighter than that in male. Anterior part of dorsal opisthosoma with two wide and short yellow patches. Otherwise, shape, color and markings of body as in male (Figs 6���7). Epigyne (Figs 8 ���9, 14��� 16). Epigynal field wider than long, with two long and narrow anterior bands; lateral lobes fused, posteriorly with only slight median indentation; epigynal pockets running from latero-posterior to medio-anterior, where copulatory openings are situated; lobal septum narrow and long; internal ducts running parallel along the median line, glandular appendages slightly narrower than posterior part of internal ducts; glandular appendages extending posteriorly in posterior half of internal duct system; posterior part of spermathecae bulging laterally; fertilisation ducts arising posterio-laterally from ovate posterior part of spermathecae. Distribution. China (Chongqing). Remarks. The okinawana -group of the genus Sinopoda was established by J��ger and Ono (2002). This group can be diagnosed by: reduced embolic apophysis and vRTA, and distinct brush of stiff hairs at the base of the RTA. The okinawana -group is distributed in Japan, Korea and China. The embolic apophysis and the vRTA of westernmost species are well developed. The females of the okinawana -group can hardly be diagnosed without conspecific males, but there is a recognizable trend in some female genitalia: dorsal side of the vulva lengthened and bent dorsal (J��ger & Ono 2002; J��ger 2006). The males of S. cochlearia sp. nov. belong to the S. okinawana - group according to the characters of RTA and the presence of a distinct brush of stiff setae at the base of the RTA (Fig. 3). The females of S. cochlearia sp. nov. have a dorsally bent vulva (Fig. 16)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Three new Sinopoda species (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China, pp. 59-75 in Zootaxa 3974 (1) on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/288970, {"references":["Jager, P. & Ono, H. (2002) The Sparassidae from Japan. II. First Pseudopoda species and new Sinopoda species (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Acta Arachnologica, 51, 109 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 51.109","Liu, J., Li, S. Q. & Jager, P. (2008) New cave-dwelling Sinopoda spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China. Zootaxa, 1857, 1 - 20.","Jager, P. & Ono, H. (2000) Sparassidae of Japan. I. New species of Olios, Heteropoda, and Sinopoda, with notes on some known species (Araneae: Sparassidae: Sparassinae and Heteropodinae). Acta Arachnologica, 49, 41 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 49.41","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.","Jager, P. (2012) Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jager, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Zootaxa, 3415, 37 - 57.","Jager, P. (2006) Lengthening of embolus and copulatory duct: a review of an evolutionary trend in the spider family Sparassidae (Araneae). In: Deltshev, C. & Stoev, P. (Eds.), European Arachnology 2005. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 1 (Supplement), pp. 49 - 62. [Sofia]"]}

Pseudopoda triangula sp. nov. (Figs 37���48) Type material: Holotype: ♂, Jietou Town, native forest, 2000 m, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, 25 February 2011, L.Y. Wang (MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11-2401). Paratypes: 17 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, same data as holotype (1 female in MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11 -2402, 17 males and 17 females in SWUC, SP-GLGS- 11- 2403 ��� 2436). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���triangulus, -a, -um���, meaning ���triangular���, referring to the triangular EP; adjective. Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. contraria J��ger & Vedel, 2007) by the huge EP and flagelliform embolus. The new species differs from P. contraria by the shorter RTA, the longer embolus and the shape of embolic apophysis (Figs 38 ���40, 44��� 46). Females can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species by: LLs distinctly separate from each other (Figs 42 ���43, 47��� 48). Description. Male: Total length 4.70���4.75. Holotype: total length 4.75; prosoma 2.41 long, 2.16 wide; opisthosoma 2.34 long, 1.94 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, wide lateral bands reddish brown. Cervical grooves and radial furrows obvious. Fovea long, longitudinal, reddish brown. Ocular area reddish brown. Each eye surrounded by black patch. AER slight recurved, PER almost straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.30, PME 0.21, PLE 0.26; AME���AME 0.10, AME���ALE 0.04, PME���PME 0.21, PME���PLE 0.36. MOA 0.60 long, anterior 0.34 wide, posterior 0.57 wide. Clypeus height 0.18. Chelicerae yellow, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellow. Sternum with dark brown setae. Legs yellow, femora with dark spots. Leg measurements: I 7.97 (2.25, 0.99, 1.98, 1.94, 0.81), II 8.87 (2.52, 1.04, 2.25, 2.25, 0.81), III 7.62 (2.25, 0.95, 1.80, 1.85, 0.77), IV 8.79 (2.57, 0.90, 1.98, 2.48, 0.86). Leg formula: 2413. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I���IV 001; tibia I���III 2026, IV 2126; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma reddish brown, bright lateral parts in anterior half; posterior half with a transverse white line (Fig. 37); venter bright, with a wide reddish brown belt lengthwise centrally. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 38 ���40, 44��� 46). Embolus flat, arising from 7 -o'clock-position on tegulum, strongly broadened in its middle part; thin distal part of embolus pointing prolaterally; EP triangular and very large, pointing prolaterally; sperm duct running submarginally on retrolateral tegulum; RTA short, arising medially from tibia. Female: Total length 6.32 ���7.00. One paratype: total length 7.04; prosoma 2.90 long, 2.31 wide; opisthosoma 4.12 long, 2.93 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.31, PME 0.20, PLE 0.27; AME���AME 0.14, AME���ALE 0.05, PME���PME 0.22, PME���PLE 0.31. MOA 0.61 long, anterior 0.36 wide, posterior 0.58 wide. Clypeus height 0.23. Leg measurements: I 8.18 (2.12, 1.11, 2.04, 1.80, 1.11), II 9.36 (2.72, 1.31, 2.32, 1.90, 1.11), III 7.14 (1.82, 0.90, 1.80, 1.71, 0.91), IV 8.57 (2.33, 1.21, 2.01, 1.80, 1.22). Leg formula: 2413. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I 322, II 323, III 322, IV 321; patella I 0 0 0, II���IV 001; tibia I���III 2026, IV 2126; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. The shape, color and markings of body as in male (Fig. 41). Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 42 ���43, 47��� 48). Epigynal field slightly wider than long, anterior margin indistinct, without anterior bands; LLs elongated and oval, anterior narrower than base; in dorsal view, loops of internal ducts system extending laterally and beyond first windings. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2013, Four new species of the genus Pseudopoda J��ger, 2000 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 273-287 in Zootaxa 3702 (3) on pages 282-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247268, {"references":["Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38."]}

Pseudopoda semiannulata sp. nov. (Figs 13���24) Type material: Holotype: ♂, Jietou Town 25 �� 18 ���N, 98 �� 21 ���E), native forest, 2000 m, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, 23 February 2011, Z.X. Li (MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11-2101). Paratypes: 8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype (1 female in MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11 -2102, 8 males and 3 females in SWUC, SP-GLGS- 11- 2103 ��� 2113). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���semi-���, meaning ���half���, and ���annulatus, -a, - um���, meaning ���annular, or ring shaped���, referring to the nearly semicircular appearance of the EP; adjective. Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. daliensis J��ger & Vedel, 2007) by the falciform embolus, nearly semicircular EP, and wide proximal part of the embolus. The males of the new species differ from P. daliensis by the semicircular EP, and the longer and digitiform dorsal RTA (Figs 14 ���16, 20��� 22). Females can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. obtusa J��ger & Vedel, 2007) by the following combination of characters: ME shaped as an inverted trapeziform, anterior margins of LLs distinctly bent, and pointing 45 �� anteriolaterally, fertilisation ducts forming a wide rectangle. The females of the new species differ from P. obtusa by internal ducts appearing as longitudinal dark patches from the ventral view (Figs 18 ���19, 23��� 24). Description. Male: Total length 6.12���6.20. Holotype: total length 6.20; prosoma 3.11 long, 2.61 wide; opisthosoma 3.11 long, 1.94 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, lateral bands reddish brown. Cervical grooves and radial furrows obvious. Fovea long, longitudinal, dark brown. Ocular area reddish brown, with few long setae. Each eye surrounded by black patch. AER slight recurved, PER almost straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.26; AME���AME 0.16, AME���ALE 0.06, PME���PME 0.23, PME���PLE 0.35. MOA 0.70 long, anterior 0.42 wide, posterior 0.68 wide. Clypeus height 0.22. Chelicerae yellow, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellow. Sternum with dark brown setae. Legs brown and spinose, femora with dark spots. Leg measurements: I 11.08 (2.93, 1.26, 3.06, 2.70, 1.13), II 12.47 (3.60, 1.35, 3.24, 3.06, 1.22), III 10.09 (2.88, 1.13, 2.52, 2.52, 1.04), IV 11.84 (3.33, 1.17, 2.93, 3.24, 1.17). Leg formula: 2413. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���III 323, IV 331; patella I���IV 001; tibia I���IV 2026; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma with dark heart patch and, anterior part with bright lateral parts; posterior half dark, with a transverse white line; venter bright tan colored, with small reddish brown patches (Fig. 13). Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 14 ���16, 20��� 22). Embolus flat, arising from 9 -o'clock-position on the tegulum, running broadly as an S-shaped curve, its tip pointing prolaterally, EP longer and thicker than tip of embolus; sperm duct almost straight, running submarginally along retrolateral tegulum from the ventral view; RTA arising medially from the palpal tibia, with ventral bulge, straight tip of dorsal RTA thin. Female: Total length 6.16���6.28. One paratype: total length 6.28; prosoma 3.13 long, 2.61 wide; opisthosoma 3.20 long, 1.99 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.31, PME 0.23, PLE 0.29; AME���AME 0.17, AME���ALE 0.07, PME���PME 0.27, PME���PLE 0.35. MOA 0.69 long, anterior 0.42 wide, posterior 0.68 wide. Clypeus height 0.23. Leg measurements: I 9.04 (2.52, 1.26, 2.34, 2.11, 0.81), II 10.07 (2.93, 1.13, 2.43, 2.47, 1.07), III 8.45 (2.39, 0.99, 2.12, 2.07, 0.81), IV 10.00 (2.88, 1.35, 2.48, 2.30, 0.99). Leg formula: 2413. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I���IV 001; tibia I���IV 2026; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. The shape, color and markings of body as in male (Fig. 17). Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 18 ���19, 23��� 24). Ventral view with epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin rather indistinct; anterior bands short; LLs wider at the base and shaped as truncated field hockey sticks, touching each other at the median line; posterior margins of LLs with distinct median indentation; posterior part of first winding of internal duct system covered by LLs. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2013, Four new species of the genus Pseudopoda J��ger, 2000 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 273-287 in Zootaxa 3702 (3) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247268, {"references":["Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38."]}

Pseudopoda breviducta sp. nov. (Figs 25���36) Type material: Holotype: ♂, Dawei Mountains (23 �� 13 ���N, 103 �� 45 ���E), evergreen broad-leaf forest, 1300 m, Pingbian County, Yunnan Province, China, 10 May 2011, Z.X. Li (MHBU, SP-PB- 11-5801). Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MHBU, SP-PB- 11-5802). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���brevi���, meaning ���short��� and the Latin word ���ductus, -a, -um���, meaning ���tubular���, referring to the short tubular distal tip of the embolus; adjective. Diagnosis. The male of the new species can be distinguished from that of other Pseudopoda species by the following combination of characters (Figs 26 ���28, 32��� 34): embolus broad and upright, almost triangular with a short and thin embolic tip. The female can be distinguished from that of other Pseudopoda species [except P. zhangmuensis (Hu & Li, 1987) and P. lutea (Thorell, 1895)] by the nearly circular ME, interior margins of the LLs distinctly curved and pointing medially. The female of the new species differs from P. zhangmuensis by the following characters: ME of this new species width equal to its length, anterior margin of epigynal field recurved; ME of P. zhangmuensis wider than long, anterior margin of epigynal field procurved. The new species differs from P. lutea by the smooth posterior margins of the LLs and lateral copulatory openings (Figs 30 ���31, 35��� 36). Description. Male: Holotype: total length 9.31; prosoma 4.11 long, 3.02 wide; opisthosoma 5.19 long, 2.13 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, wide lateral patches yellow brown. Cervical grooves and radial furrows obvious. Fovea long, longitudinal, brown. Ocular area yellow brown. Each eye surrounded by black patch. AER slight recurved, PER almost straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.26, PME 0.18, PLE 0.23; AME���AME 0.18, AME���ALE 0.04, PME���PME 0.26, PME���PLE 0.30. MOA 0.61 long, anterior width 0.49, posterior width 0.57. Clypeus height 0.23. Chelicerae yellow, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellow. Sternum with dark setae. Legs yellow, femora with dark spots. Leg measurements: I 22.35 (6.21, 1.80, 6.12, 6.12, 2.10), II 22.61 (6.23, 1.84, 6.18, 6.20, 2.16), III 21.50 (6.13, 1.66, 5.89, 5.85, 1.97), IV 22.15 (6.18, 1.73, 6.02, 6.12, 2.10). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���III 323, IV 331; patella I���II 101, III���IV 001; tibia I���II 2226, III���IV 2126; metatarsus I���II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma yellow, heart patch grey brown, with a reddish brown retiform patch in posterior half and some smaller irregular patches laterally (Fig. 25); venter yellow, with small black patches. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 26 ���28, 32��� 34). Tegulum in the ventral view resembles a small bean sprout with radix upwards; embolus arising from 9 -o���clock-position on tegulum, its tip very short, middle part with a distinctive outward projection; sperm duct almost straight, running close to retrolateral margin of tegulum; RTA with broad base, arising medially on the tibia, tip of dorsal RTA thin and almost straight, ventral RTA short and thick, with pointed tip. Female: Paratype: total length 9.54; prosoma 4.21 long, 3.52 wide; opisthosoma 5.32 long, 3.12 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.29, PME 0.20, PLE 0.33; AME���AME 0.20, AME���ALE 0.13, PME���PME 0.34, PME���PLE 0.42. MOA 0.75 long, anterior 0.52 wide, posterior 0.78 wide. Clypeus height 0.26. Leg measurements: I 13.60 (4.22, 1.83, 2.91, 3.01, 1.63), II 14.17 (4.26, 1.83, 2.98, 3.03, 1.71), III 12.91 (3.95, 1.97, 2.62, 2.85, 1.52), IV 13.37 (4.18, 1.85, 2.75, 2.99, 1.60). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I���IV 001; tibia I 2026, II���IV 2126; metatarsus I���II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma yellow, heart patch reddish brown, sub-lanceolate, a transversal patch followed a by a light line in posterior half and some smaller irregular patches laterally, the other color and markings of body darker than in male (Fig. 29). Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 30 ���31, 35��� 36). Epigynal field without anterior bands; LLs wider than long, touching each other medially; posterior margins of LLs curved, and with indistinct median indentation; internal duct system appearing as transverse oval dark patches from the ventral view. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2013, Four new species of the genus Pseudopoda J��ger, 2000 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 273-287 in Zootaxa 3702 (3) on pages 279-282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247268

Pseudopoda semiannulata sp. nov. (Figs 13–24) Type material: Holotype: ♂, Jietou Town 25 ° 18 ′N, 98 ° 21 ′E), native forest, 2000 m, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, 23 February 2011, Z.X. Li (MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11-2101). Paratypes: 8 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype (1 female in MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11 -2102, 8 males and 3 females in SWUC, SP-GLGS- 11- 2103 – 2113). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ‘semi-’, meaning ‘half’, and ‘annulatus, -a, - um’, meaning ‘annular, or ring shaped’, referring to the nearly semicircular appearance of the EP; adjective. Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. daliensis Jäger & Vedel, 2007) by the falciform embolus, nearly semicircular EP, and wide proximal part of the embolus. The males of the new species differ from P. daliensis by the semicircular EP, and the longer and digitiform dorsal RTA (Figs 14 –16, 20– 22). Females can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. obtusa Jäger & Vedel, 2007) by the following combination of characters: ME shaped as an inverted trapeziform, anterior margins of LLs distinctly bent, and pointing 45 ° anteriolaterally, fertilisation ducts forming a wide rectangle. The females of the new species differ from P. obtusa by internal ducts appearing as longitudinal dark patches from the ventral view (Figs 18 –19, 23– 24). Description. Male: Total length 6.12–6.20. Holotype: total length 6.20; prosoma 3.11 long, 2.61 wide; opisthosoma 3.11 long, 1.94 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, lateral bands reddish brown. Cervical grooves and radial furrows obvious. Fovea long, longitudinal, dark brown. Ocular area reddish brown, with few long setae. Each eye surrounded by black patch. AER slight recurved, PER almost straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.26; AME–AME 0.16, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.35. MOA 0.70 long, anterior 0.42 wide, posterior 0.68 wide. Clypeus height 0.22. Chelicerae yellow, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellow. Sternum with dark brown setae. Legs brown and spinose, femora with dark spots. Leg measurements: I 11.08 (2.93, 1.26, 3.06, 2.70, 1.13), II 12.47 (3.60, 1.35, 3.24, 3.06, 1.22), III 10.09 (2.88, 1.13, 2.52, 2.52, 1.04), IV 11.84 (3.33, 1.17, 2.93, 3.24, 1.17). Leg formula: 2413. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 331; patella I–IV 001; tibia I–IV 2026; metatarsus I–II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma with dark heart patch and, anterior part with bright lateral parts; posterior half dark, with a transverse white line; venter bright tan colored, with small reddish brown patches (Fig. 13). Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 14 –16, 20– 22). Embolus flat, arising from 9 -o'clock-position on the tegulum, running broadly as an S-shaped curve, its tip pointing prolaterally, EP longer and thicker than tip of embolus; sperm duct almost straight, running submarginally along retrolateral tegulum from the ventral view; RTA arising medially from the palpal tibia, with ventral bulge, straight tip of dorsal RTA thin. Female: Total length 6.16–6.28. One paratype: total length 6.28; prosoma 3.13 long, 2.61 wide; opisthosoma 3.20 long, 1.99 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.31, PME 0.23, PLE 0.29; AME–AME 0.17, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.27, PME–PLE 0.35. MOA 0.69 long, anterior 0.42 wide, posterior 0.68 wide. Clypeus height 0.23. Leg measurements: I 9.04 (2.52, 1.26, 2.34, 2.11, 0.81), II 10.07 (2.93, 1.13, 2.43, 2.47, 1.07), III 8.45 (2.39, 0.99, 2.12, 2.07, 0.81), IV 10.00 (2.88, 1.35, 2.48, 2.30, 0.99). Leg formula: 2413. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I–IV 001; tibia I–IV 2026; metatarsus I–II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. The shape, color and markings of body as in male (Fig. 17). Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 18 –19, 23– 24). Ventral view with epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin rather indistinct; anterior bands short; LLs wider at the base and shaped as truncated field hockey sticks, touching each other at the median line; posterior margins of LLs with distinct median indentation; posterior part of first winding of internal duct system covered by LLs. Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Pseudopoda emei sp. n. Figs 18-33 Type material. Holotype ♂ (SP–SC–03– 0050), from CHINA: Sichuan Province,Emei Mountain, Fuhu Temple (29°59'N, 103°48'E, 1800 m), 26.VII.2003, J.X. Zhang leg. (hand collecting), deposited in MHBU. Paratype: 1♂ (SP–SC–03– 0051), 2♀♀ (SP–SC–03–0052– 0053), same data as holotype; 1♀ (SP–SC–09– 24), from CHINA: Sichuan Province,Emei Mountain, native forest, 24.IX.2010, Y.W. Zhao leg. (hand collecting), deposited in MHBU. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, the mountain Emei; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Males of Pseudopoda emei sp. n. resemble those of Pseudopoda virgata (Fox, 1936), Pseudopoda kalinchoca Jäger, 2001 and Pseudopoda khimtensis Jäger, 2001 by the strongly flattened embolus and long embolic tip, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: basal and middle part of embolus very broad, but with slender tip, embolic tip filiform, curving slightly upward (Figs 20-21, 27-28), prolateral margin of embolus with a small embolic projection, embolic projection shorter than 1/3 length of embolic tip (Figs 21, 28). Females can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species by: posterior epigynal field wider than anterior part; anterior margin of the lateral lobes distinctly curved and pointing anterior-laterally (Figs 25, 30); lateral lobes large, with distinct ridges in dorsal view, the length of lateral margin of lateral lobes almost equal to that of median margin in dorsal view (Figs 26, 31); posterior half of first winding of internal duct system covered by lateral lobes (Figs 26, 31). Description. Holotype (SP–SC–03– 0050): total length 15.39; prosoma 7.21 long, 6.02 wide; opisthosoma 8.23 long, 4.82 wide. Prosoma with some setae. Fovea long, longitudinal. Coloration: Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow. Radial furrows and fovea dark brown. Chelicerae brown. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish brown. Sternum with dark spots and setae. Legs yellow, with dark dots randomly distributed, and especially on the setae and spine bases of coxa and femur. Dorsal opisthosoma yellow, anterior part with black patches, cardiac pattern and muscle impressions dark brown, followed by three black transverse lines and two longitudinal black patches; lateral part with some smaller irregular patches (Fig. 18); venter yellow, with two black lateral lines and a black patch before spinnerets (Fig. 19). Both eye rows slightly recurved. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.34, ALE 0.49, PME 0.36, PLE 0.47; AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.43, PME–PLE 0.52. MOA 1.17 long, anterior width 0.83, posterior width 1.16. Clypeus height 0.32. Chelicerae with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth, and with thirteen denticles between them. Leg measurements: I 36.66 (9.51, 3.20, 10.22, 10.52, 3.21), II 36.85 (9.53, 3.23, 10.28, 10.56, 3.25), III 36.40 (9.43, 3.16, 10.19, 10.42, 3.20), IV 36.49 (9.48, 3.17, 10.22, 10.42, 3.20). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palps 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 331; patella I–IV 101; tibia I–II 2226, III–IV 2126; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Male palp. Embolus long, arising from 8 o'clock-position on tegulum (Figs 20-21, 27-28), basal and middle part of embolus very broad, but with long and filiform tip, pointing ventro-prolaterally (Figs 20-21, 27-28); EP small (Figs 21, 28); sperm duct running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum in ventral view (Figs 21-22, 28-29); RTA long, with broad base, arising medially to basally from tibia, dorsal branch narrow and curved, ventral branch short, wide, and as a small hump in retrolateral view (Figs 21-22, 28-29). Females. Paratype (SP–SC–03– 0052): total length 13.22; prosoma 6.41 long, 5.52 wide; opisthosoma 6.82 long, 4.89 wide. Coloration: Dorsal shield of prosoma reddish brown. Legs brown, with dark dots randomly distributed, and especially on the setae and spine bases of coxa and femur. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown, cardiac pattern and muscle impressions black, followed by a transverse line composed of white hairs and two longitudinal black patches. Coloration pattern darker than male (Figs 23-24). Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.29, ALE 0.40, PME 0.33, PLE 0.39; AME–AME 0.29, AME–ALE 0.14, PME–PME 0.57, PME–PLE 0.47. MOA 1.17 long, anterior width 0.81, posterior width 1.14. Clypeus height 0.32. Leg measurements: I 22.27 (7.02, 2.83, 5.17, 5.17, 2.08), II 22.38 (7.06, 2.83, 5.18, 5.17, 2.14), III 21.71 (6.65, 2.81, 5.12, 5.15, 1.98), IV 21.89 (6.68, 2.83, 5.15, 5.19, 2.04). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palps 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–III 323, IV 321; patella I–IV 101; tibia I–IV 2126; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Epigyne. Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin without longitudinal bands (Figs 25, 30); LLs width equal to length, touching each other along the median line, anterior margin of LLs distinctly curved and pointing anterior-laterally, posterior margins of LLs rounded, and with distinct posterior incisions (Figs 25, 30), LLs large, with distinct ridges in dorsal view (Figs 26, 31); internal duct system visible through cuticle as almost rectangular dark patches (Figs 25, 30); posterior end of first winding of internal duct system covered by LLs (Figs 26, 31). Variation. Male total body length from 15.32-15.39, and female from 13.22-14.21. Femur length of male: I from 9.48-9.51, II from 9.51-9.53, III from 9.42-9.43, IV from 9.46-9.48. Femur length of female: I from 7.02-7.05, II from 7.06-7.08, III from 6.65-6.66, IV from 6.68-6.70. Distribution. Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province, China. Comments. Males of Pseudopoda emei sp. n. could be included in the Pseudopoda martensi -group by: embolus sickle-shaped, strongly flattened, and arising in a prolateral position on the tegulum, first bending in a retrolateral direction and then running in a distal direction; small embolic projection present.

Pseudopoda gibberosa sp. nov. (Figs 1���12) Type material: Holotype: ♂, Pianma town (26 �� 10 ���N, 98 �� 38 ���E), native forest, 2500 m, Lushui County, Yunnan Province, China, 3 March 2011, Z.X. Li (MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11-3701). Paratypes: 2 ♀♀, same data as holotype (1 female in MHBU, SP-GLGS- 11 -3702, 1 female in SWUC, SP- GLGS- 11-3703); 1 ♂, Yaojiaping (25 �� 58 ���N, 98 �� 42 ���E), primary forest, 2740 m, Lushui County, Yunnan Province, China, 28 November 2011, L.Y. Wang (SWUC, SP-GLGS- 11-1102). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���gibberosus, -a, -um���, meaning ���humpbacked���, referring to the shape of the EP; adjective. Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. digitata J��ger & Vedel, 2007, P. daliensis J��ger & Vedel, 2007 and P. contentio J��ger & Vedel, 2007) by the following combination of characters (Figs 2 ���4, 8��� 10): embolus broad, its tip sickle-shaped; dorsal part of RTA extremely thin and distinctly curved, ventral RTA appearing as a small hump. The males differ from P. digitata by a smaller EP; from P. daliensis by the shape of the dorsal RTA; from P. contentio by the shape of the ventral RTA. Females can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species (except P. digitata and P. obtusa) by: ME shaped as an inverted trapeziform; anterior rims of the LLs distinctly curved and pointing laterally. The females differ from P. obtusa and P. digitata by the internal duct system appearing as rectangular dark patches in ventral view (Figs 6 ���7, 11��� 12). Description. Male: Total length 5.90���5.96. Holotype: total length 5.90; prosoma 2.81 long, 1.76 wide; opisthosoma 3.14 long, 1.62 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, wide lateral bands dark brown. Cervical grooves and radial furrows obvious. Fovea long, longitudinal, dark brown. Ocular area brown. Each eye surrounded by black patch. AER slightly recurved, PER almost straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.26, PME 0.20, PLE 0.23; AME���AME 0.13, AME���ALE 0.04, PME���PME 0.23, PME���PLE 0.26. MOA 0.55 long, anterior width 0.39, posterior width 0.62. Clypeus height 0.19. Chelicerae yellow brown, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellow brown. Sternum with dark setae. Legs yellow, femora with dark spots. Leg measurements: I 12.18 (3.12, 1.23, 3.12, 2.91, 1.80), II 12.60 (3.23, 1.34, 3.25, 2.95, 1.83), III 10.93 (2.56, 0.95, 2.80, 2.85, 1.77), IV 11.97 (2.99, 1.20, 3.10, 2.88, 1.80). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I 0 0 1, II���III 000; tibia I���IV 2026; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma reddish brown, lateral part of anterior half bright (Fig. 1); venter yellow, with a big black patch in front of spinnerets. Male palp as in diagnosis (Figs 2 ���4, 8��� 10). Embolus flat, middle part broadened, arising from 10 to 10.30 - o���clock-position on tegulum, its tip pointing dorso-prolaterally; EP apearing as a small hump; sperm duct running submarginally on retrolateral tegulum; RTA with broad base, arising basally from tibia. Female: Total length 7.12���7.21. One paratype: total length 7.21; prosoma 3.21 long, 2.82 wide; opisthosoma 4.02 long, 2.23 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.29, PME 0.21, PLE 0.26; AME���AME 0.18, AME���ALE 0.05, PME���PME 0.23, PME���PLE 0.33. MOA 0.60 long, anterior width 0.44, posterior width 0.61. Clypeus height 0.23. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum brown. Legs yellow brown, patella, tibia and metatarsus with circular patches. Leg measurements: I 10.81 (3.22, 1.03, 2.41, 2.52, 1.63), II 11.24 (3.26, 1.13, 2.51, 2.63, 1.71), III 10.21 (2.95, 0.97, 2.32, 2.45, 1.52), IV 10.67 (3.18, 1.05, 2.35, 2.49, 1.60). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I���IV 000; tibia I���IV 2026; metatarsus I���II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Posterior half of dorsal opisthosoma with a transverse white line. Otherwise, the shape, color and markings of body as in male (Fig. 5). Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 6 ���7, 11��� 12). Epigynal field wider than long, without anterior bands; the width of LLs equal to length, touching each other medially, posterior margins of LLs with distinct median indentation; posterior part of first windings of internal duct system covered by LLs. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2013, Four new species of the genus Pseudopoda J��ger, 2000 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 273-287 in Zootaxa 3702 (3) on pages 274-277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247268, {"references":["Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38."]}

Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2013): Four new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa 3702 (3): 273-287, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.5

Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 Type species. Sarotes promptus O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 Diagnosis. Conductor of male palp membranous; embolus broadened and flattened or at least in its proximal part broadened; retrolateral tibial apophysis arising in a medial or basal position; lateral lobes of epigyne rising beyond epigastric furrow, and covering median septum (Jäger 2000, 2001). Distribution. China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Pakistan and India., Published as part of Zhang, Feng, Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2013, New species of Pseudopoda Jaeger, 2000 from Southern China (Araneae, Sparassidae), pp. 37-60 in ZooKeys 361 on page 39, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.361.6089

Pseudopoda breviducta sp. nov. (Figs 25–36) Type material: Holotype: ♂, Dawei Mountains (23 ° 13 ′N, 103 ° 45 ′E), evergreen broad-leaf forest, 1300 m, Pingbian County, Yunnan Province, China, 10 May 2011, Z.X. Li (MHBU, SP-PB- 11-5801). Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MHBU, SP-PB- 11-5802). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ‘brevi’, meaning ‘short’ and the Latin word ‘ductus, -a, -um’, meaning ‘tubular’, referring to the short tubular distal tip of the embolus; adjective. Diagnosis. The male of the new species can be distinguished from that of other Pseudopoda species by the following combination of characters (Figs 26 –28, 32– 34): embolus broad and upright, almost triangular with a short and thin embolic tip. The female can be distinguished from that of other Pseudopoda species [except P. zhangmuensis (Hu & Li, 1987) and P. lutea (Thorell, 1895)] by the nearly circular ME, interior margins of the LLs distinctly curved and pointing medially. The female of the new species differs from P. zhangmuensis by the following characters: ME of this new species width equal to its length, anterior margin of epigynal field recurved; ME of P. zhangmuensis wider than long, anterior margin of epigynal field procurved. The new species differs from P. lutea by the smooth posterior margins of the LLs and lateral copulatory openings (Figs 30 –31, 35– 36). Description. Male: Holotype: total length 9.31; prosoma 4.11 long, 3.02 wide; opisthosoma 5.19 long, 2.13 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow, wide lateral patches yellow brown. Cervical grooves and radial furrows obvious. Fovea long, longitudinal, brown. Ocular area yellow brown. Each eye surrounded by black patch. AER slight recurved, PER almost straight. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.26, PME 0.18, PLE 0.23; AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.30. MOA 0.61 long, anterior width 0.49, posterior width 0.57. Clypeus height 0.23. Chelicerae yellow, with 3 promarginal teeth and 4 retromarginal teeth, and some denticles between them. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellow. Sternum with dark setae. Legs yellow, femora with dark spots. Leg measurements: I 22.35 (6.21, 1.80, 6.12, 6.12, 2.10), II 22.61 (6.23, 1.84, 6.18, 6.20, 2.16), III 21.50 (6.13, 1.66, 5.89, 5.85, 1.97), IV 22.15 (6.18, 1.73, 6.02, 6.12, 2.10). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 331; patella I–II 101, III–IV 001; tibia I–II 2226, III–IV 2126; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma yellow, heart patch grey brown, with a reddish brown retiform patch in posterior half and some smaller irregular patches laterally (Fig. 25); venter yellow, with small black patches. Palp as in diagnosis (Figs 26 –28, 32– 34). Tegulum in the ventral view resembles a small bean sprout with radix upwards; embolus arising from 9 -o’clock-position on tegulum, its tip very short, middle part with a distinctive outward projection; sperm duct almost straight, running close to retrolateral margin of tegulum; RTA with broad base, arising medially on the tibia, tip of dorsal RTA thin and almost straight, ventral RTA short and thick, with pointed tip. Female: Paratype: total length 9.54; prosoma 4.21 long, 3.52 wide; opisthosoma 5.32 long, 3.12 wide. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.29, PME 0.20, PLE 0.33; AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.34, PME–PLE 0.42. MOA 0.75 long, anterior 0.52 wide, posterior 0.78 wide. Clypeus height 0.26. Leg measurements: I 13.60 (4.22, 1.83, 2.91, 3.01, 1.63), II 14.17 (4.26, 1.83, 2.98, 3.03, 1.71), III 12.91 (3.95, 1.97, 2.62, 2.85, 1.52), IV 13.37 (4.18, 1.85, 2.75, 2.99, 1.60). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palp 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; patella I–IV 001; tibia I 2026, II–IV 2126; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Dorsal opisthosoma yellow, heart patch reddish brown, sub-lanceolate, a transversal patch followed a by a light line in posterior half and some smaller irregular patches laterally, the other color and markings of body darker than in male (Fig. 29). Epigyne as in diagnosis (Figs 30 –31, 35– 36). Epigynal field without anterior bands; LLs wider than long, touching each other medially; posterior margins of LLs curved, and with indistinct median indentation; internal duct system appearing as transverse oval dark patches from the ventral view. Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Pseudopoda emei sp. n. Figs 18-33 Type material. Holotype ♂ (SP–SC–03– 0050), from CHINA: Sichuan Province,Emei Mountain, Fuhu Temple (29°59'N, 103°48'E, 1800 m), 26.VII.2003, J.X. Zhang leg. (hand collecting), deposited in MHBU. Paratype: 1♂ (SP–SC–03– 0051), 2♀♀ (SP–SC–03–0052– 0053), same data as holotype; 1♀ (SP–SC–09– 24), from CHINA: Sichuan Province,Emei Mountain, native forest, 24.IX.2010, Y.W. Zhao leg. (hand collecting), deposited in MHBU. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, the mountain Emei; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Males of Pseudopoda emei sp. n. resemble those of Pseudopoda virgata (Fox, 1936), Pseudopoda kalinchoca Jäger, 2001 and Pseudopoda khimtensis Jäger, 2001 by the strongly flattened embolus and long embolic tip, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: basal and middle part of embolus very broad, but with slender tip, embolic tip filiform, curving slightly upward (Figs 20-21, 27-28), prolateral margin of embolus with a small embolic projection, embolic projection shorter than 1/3 length of embolic tip (Figs 21, 28). Females can be distinguished from those of other Pseudopoda species by: posterior epigynal field wider than anterior part; anterior margin of the lateral lobes distinctly curved and pointing anterior-laterally (Figs 25, 30); lateral lobes large, with distinct ridges in dorsal view, the length of lateral margin of lateral lobes almost equal to that of median margin in dorsal view (Figs 26, 31); posterior half of first winding of internal duct system covered by lateral lobes (Figs 26, 31). Description. Holotype (SP–SC–03– 0050): total length 15.39; prosoma 7.21 long, 6.02 wide; opisthosoma 8.23 long, 4.82 wide. Prosoma with some setae. Fovea long, longitudinal. Coloration: Dorsal shield of prosoma yellow. Radial furrows and fovea dark brown. Chelicerae brown. Labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish brown. Sternum with dark spots and setae. Legs yellow, with dark dots randomly distributed, and especially on the setae and spine bases of coxa and femur. Dorsal opisthosoma yellow, anterior part with black patches, cardiac pattern and muscle impressions dark brown, followed by three black transverse lines and two longitudinal black patches; lateral part with some smaller irregular patches (Fig. 18); venter yellow, with two black lateral lines and a black patch before spinnerets (Fig. 19). Both eye rows slightly recurved. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.34, ALE 0.49, PME 0.36, PLE 0.47; AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.43, PME–PLE 0.52. MOA 1.17 long, anterior width 0.83, posterior width 1.16. Clypeus height 0.32. Chelicerae with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth, and with thirteen denticles between them. Leg measurements: I 36.66 (9.51, 3.20, 10.22, 10.52, 3.21), II 36.85 (9.53, 3.23, 10.28, 10.56, 3.25), III 36.40 (9.43, 3.16, 10.19, 10.42, 3.20), IV 36.49 (9.48, 3.17, 10.22, 10.42, 3.20). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palps 131, 101, 2121; femur I–III 323, IV 331; patella I–IV 101; tibia I–II 2226, III–IV 2126; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Male palp. Embolus long, arising from 8 o'clock-position on tegulum (Figs 20-21, 27-28), basal and middle part of embolus very broad, but with long and filiform tip, pointing ventro-prolaterally (Figs 20-21, 27-28); EP small (Figs 21, 28); sperm duct running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum in ventral view (Figs 21-22, 28-29); RTA long, with broad base, arising medially to basally from tibia, dorsal branch narrow and curved, ventral branch short, wide, and as a small hump in retrolateral view (Figs 21-22, 28-29). Females. Paratype (SP–SC–03– 0052): total length 13.22; prosoma 6.41 long, 5.52 wide; opisthosoma 6.82 long, 4.89 wide. Coloration: Dorsal shield of prosoma reddish brown. Legs brown, with dark dots randomly distributed, and especially on the setae and spine bases of coxa and femur. Dorsal opisthosoma dark brown, cardiac pattern and muscle impressions black, followed by a transverse line composed of white hairs and two longitudinal black patches. Coloration pattern darker than male (Figs 23-24). Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.29, ALE 0.40, PME 0.33, PLE 0.39; AME–AME 0.29, AME–ALE 0.14, PME–PME 0.57, PME–PLE 0.47. MOA 1.17 long, anterior width 0.81, posterior width 1.14. Clypeus height 0.32. Leg measurements: I 22.27 (7.02, 2.83, 5.17, 5.17, 2.08), II 22.38 (7.06, 2.83, 5.18, 5.17, 2.14), III 21.71 (6.65, 2.81, 5.12, 5.15, 1.98), IV 21.89 (6.68, 2.83, 5.15, 5.19, 2.04). Leg formula: 2143. Leg spination: palps 131, 101, 2121, 2112; femur I–III 323, IV 321; patella I–IV 101; tibia I–IV 2126; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 2026, IV 3036. Epigyne. Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin without longitudinal bands (Figs 25, 30); LLs width equal to length, touching each other along the median line, anterior margin of LLs distinctly curved and pointing anterior-laterally, posterior margins of LLs rounded, and with distinct posterior incisions (Figs 25, 30), LLs large, with distinct ridges in dorsal view (Figs 26, 31); internal duct system visible through cuticle as almost rectangular dark patches (Figs 25, 30); posterior end of first winding of internal duct system covered by LLs (Figs 26, 31). Variation. Male total body length from 15.32-15.39, and female from 13.22-14.21. Femur length of male: I from 9.48-9.51, II from 9.51-9.53, III from 9.42-9.43, IV from 9.46-9.48. Femur length of female: I from 7.02-7.05, II from 7.06-7.08, III from 6.65-6.66, IV from 6.68-6.70. Distribution. Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province, China. Comments. Males of Pseudopoda emei sp. n. could be included in the Pseudopoda martensi -group by: embolus sickle-shaped, strongly flattened, and arising in a prolateral position on the tegulum, first bending in a retrolateral direction and then running in a distal direction; small embolic projection present., Published as part of Zhang, Feng, Zhang, Bao-Shi & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2013, New species of Pseudopoda Jaeger, 2000 from Southern China (Araneae, Sparassidae), pp. 37-60 in ZooKeys 361 on pages 41-44, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.361.6089

Mallinella tianlin sp. nov. (Figs 6���10) Type material. Holotype 3, CHINA, Guangxi Province: Tianlin County (24 �� 20 ��N, 105 �� 48 ��E), 2 June 2002, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from other Mallinella species by the narrow and long median apophysis, the bifurcated embolus, its lateral ramus terminally with broad flanges, longer and wider than mesal ramus (Figs 7���10). Etymology. The specific epithet tianlin, from the name of Tianlin County, where the type material was collected. Description. Male holotype total length 7.45; prosoma 3.77 long, 2.75 wide; opisthosoma 3.67 long, 2.35 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 6) dark brown. Median furrow and radial groove black. Eyes with black rings. Clypeus dark brown. Chelicerae, endites and labium reddish brown, apices yellowish. Sternum reddish brown. Legs brown except femora dark brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma black, and with two pairs of white lateral patches, followed by three transverse white median patches, anterior median reddish brown; lateral part yellowish with black stripes; venter yellowish, covered with three irregular black stripes, in front of epigastric furrow brown. Spinnerets brown. Prosoma (Fig. 6). Carapace longer than wide and with a longitudinal median furrow, only clypeus with several black setae. Both the eye rows procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.13, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.11. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.05, AME���ALE 0.09, ALE���ALE 0.51, PME���PME 0.08, PME���PLE 0.16, PLE���PLE 0.60, ALE���PLE 0.03. MOA 0.25 long, front width 0.23, back width 0.23. Clypeal height 0.71. Fang of chelicera very short. Apices of chelicerae and endites furnished with dense black scopula. Labium triangular, 0.61 long, 0.61 wide. Sternum 1.63 long, 1.43 wide and furnished with sparse black setae, lateral margin with small, pointed extensions fitting in coxal concavities of legs. Legs. Metatarsi II���IV with ventral hair tufts in apical part. Measurements of legs: leg I 9.90 (2.65, 0.82, 2.04, 2.35, 2.04), II 8.88 (2.45, 0.82, 1.84, 2.14, 1.63), III 8.67 (2.45, 0.82, 1.73, 2.34, 1.33), IV 11.12 (3.06, 0.92, 2.35, 3.16, 1.63). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 6). Oval, longer than wide. Dorsal scutum indistinct. Posterior ventral spines thin, arranged in a single row. Male palp (Figs 7���10). RTA digitiform, slightly wider at base, gradually tapering towards its blunt apex; cymbial fold fairly broad, approximately 2 / 3 length of cymbium; apex of median apophysis bifid, with sharply pointed tip on both ends, baso-retrolateral fold constricted subterminally, it apex blunt; apex of conductor pointed, pointing to ventral; embolus bifurcated, lateral ramus subapically with broad flanges, longer and wider than mesal ramus, apex of mesal ramus with a fold. Distribution. China (Guangxi)., Published as part of Zhang, Feng, Zhang, Bao-Shi & Jia, Xiao-Mei, 2012, Two new species of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from China, pp. 64-68 in Zootaxa 3241 on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211825

Phycosoma hainanensis (Zhu, 1998) new combination Dipoena hainanensis Zhu, 1998: 234, f. 153 A���F; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 110, f. 54 C���D, K���L. Type material. Holotype �� and paratype 3, CHINA, Hainan Island: Jianfengling Mountain, 10 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg., deposited in MHBU, examined. Other material examined. CHINA, Hainan Island: 1 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 12 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 2 3, 1 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 31 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, 1 ��, Bawangling Town, 25 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Bawangling Town, 19 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Limu Mountain, 20 August 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Diaoluo Mountain, 7 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Qixianling Mountain, Baoting County, 8 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Fanjia Town, Danzhou County, 14 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Description. See Zhu (1998). Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Phycosoma amamiense (Yoshida, 1985) Pholcomma amamiensis Yoshida, 1985: 11, f. 4 ���5, 11��� 12. Dipoena amamiensis: Yoshida, 1991 e; Zhu, 1992: 108, f. 1���4; Zhu, 1998: 242, f. 159 A���D; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 110, f. 53 G���H; Yoshida & Ono, 2000: 130, f. 7���10. Trigonobothrys amamiensis: Yoshida, 2002: 14, f. 6; Yoshida, 2003 a: 177, f. 489���492. Phycosoma amamiense: Yoshida, 2009: 391, f. 335���337. Material examined. CHINA, Hunan Province: 2 ��, Zhangjiajie Mountain, 19 August 1990, M. S. Zhu leg.; CHINA, Hainan Island: 2 3, 15 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 2 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 2 ��, Bawangling Town, 31 July 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 6 3, 6 ��, 19���25 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Limu Mountain, 20 August 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 1 3, 1 ��, Diaoluo Mountain, 6 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 2 3, 3 ��, Fanjia Town, Danzhou County, 15 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Description. See Yoshida (1985, 2009). Distribution. China (Hainan, Hunan, Fujian), Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Is., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Yoshida, H. (1985) Three new species of the spider genera Phoroncidia and Pholcomma (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Japan. Proceedings of the japanese Society of systematic Zoology, 31, 7 - 13.","Zhu, M. S. (1992) Four species of spider of the genus Dipoena from China (Araneae: Theridiidae). Journal of Hebei normal University (Natural Science Edition), 17 (3), 108 - 113.","Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.","Yoshida, H. (2002) A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Hadrotarsinae (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica Tokyo, 51, 7 - 18.","Yoshida, H. (2009). Uloboridae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae. In Ono, H. (ed.), The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 142 - 147, 356 - 393, 467 - 468."]}

Phycosoma diaoluo new species (Figs 6���8) Type material. Holotype 3, CHINA, Hainan Island: Diaoluo Mountain (18 �� 45 ��N, 109 �� 45 ��E), 7 June 2009, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Male can be distinguished from those of other Phycosoma species except P. flavomarginatum and P. mustelinum (Simon, 1888) by the shape of TTA (Fig. 7). Opisthosoma color pattern separates P. diaoluo from these two species (Fig. 6). Etymology. The species name is taken in apposition from the type locality. Description. Male holotype total length 1.71: prosoma 0.77 long, 0.63 wide, 0.45 high; opisthosoma 0.99 long, 0.68 wide. Color. Carapace yellow-brown (Fig. 6), with thin annular brown patch around each seta. Thoracic groove dark brown. Each eye with a black ring. Clypeus yellow-brown, with a darkish stripe from AME to the anterior margin. Chelicerae brown. Endites and labium yellow-brown, distal margin yellowish. Sternum yellow-brown, with three pairs of small darkish patches along the margin. Legs yellow-brown, with darkish stripes on femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellow and covered with three pairs of black lateral patches and two black transverse patches; venter yellow, and with a wide black median stripe. Spinnerets yellow-brown. Prosoma (Fig. 6). Carapace oval, longer than wide, head protruding forward and beyond clypeus, with several short black setae; thoracic groove deep. Both the eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME���AME 0.07, AME���ALE 0.01, ALE���ALE 0.36, PME���PME 0.07, PME���PLE 0.05, PLE���PLE 0.39, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.16 long, anterior width 0.22, posterior width 0.18. Clypeus 0.27 high. Fangs thin and long. Endites with gray scopulae. Labium 0.09 long, 0.13 wide. Sternum 0.41 long, 0.41 wide, with scattered black setae. Legs. Thin, with scattered setae and thin spines. Measurements: leg I 1.99 (0.59, 0.23, 0.45, 0.36, 0.36), II 1.90 (0.54, 0.23, 0.41, 0.36, 0.36), III 1.72 (0.54, 0.18, 0.36, 0.32, 0.32), IV 2.26 (0.63, 0.27, 0.50, 0.45, 0.41). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 6). Oval, longer than wide, with scattered gray setae. Male palp (Figs 7���8). Tegulum inflated; embolus small and short; conductor relatively small, thin. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558

Asceua anding sp. nov. (Figs 8–11) Type material. Holotype Ƥ, CHINA, Hainan Province: Anding County (19 ° 31 ʹN, 110 ° 18 ʹE), 21 Aug. 2007, F. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. The female can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma, the details of genitalia and the very long copulatory ducts (Figs 7–9). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Description. Female (holotype). Total length 2.70: prosoma 1.31 long, 0.90 wide; opisthosoma 1.35 long, 0.95 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 8) brown; median furrow black; radial furrow dark brown. Clypeus brown. Each eye ringed with black. Chelicerae, endites and labium yellow brown, apices of endites and labium yellowish. Sternum brown, lateral margin slightly dark. Legs brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma with a pair of anterior patches, followed by three transverse median bands and pre-anal spot; venter yellowish. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 8). Carapace longer than wide, thorax swell, tegument smooth and shiny. Both the eye rows procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08. Interdistances of eyes: AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.36, PME–PME 0.07, PME–PLE 0.11, PLE–PLE 0.48, ALE–PLE 0.09. MOA 0.27 long, front width 0.18, back width 0.21. Clypeal height 0.32. Fangs of chelicerae short. Labium triangular, 0.27 long, 0.23 wide. Sternum 0.59 long, 0.50 wide and furnished with sparse black setae. Legs. Each femur with a dorsal spine. Measurements of legs: I: 3.34 (0.90, 0.27, 0.77, 0.86, 0.54), II: 2.44 (0.68, 0.27, 0.45, 0.59, 0.45), III: 2.75 (0.72, 0.27, 0.50, 0.81, 0.45), IV: 3.84 (0.95, 0.32, 0.81, 1.22, 0.54). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma (Fig. 8). Oval, longer than wide, covered with short, black hairs, without dorsal scutum. Female genitalia (Figs 9–11). Copulatory openings situated in median part of epigynum; long and winding copulatory ducts visible through integument; spermathecae situated posteriorly, small, long oval and partly hidden in copulatory ducts. Distribution. China (Hainan).

Mallinella zhui sp. nov. (Figs 1–5) Type material. Holotype: 3, CHINA, Guangxi Province: Wuming County (23 ° 10 ʹN, 108 ° 12 ʹE), Nanning City, 12 May 2006, M.S. Zhu leg. Paratype: 13, CHINA, Guizhou Province: Leigong Mountain (26 ° 18 ʹN, 108 ° 15 ʹE), 15 September 2005, Z.S. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males resemble some species from China, Japan and Vietnam, and can be distinguished from them by the narrow and long median apophysis, the lateral ramus shorter than mesal ramus of the bifurcated embolus and the shape of subterminal folds of each embolic ramus. They differ from M. vandermarlierei (Bosmans & van Hove, 1986) by the shape of subterminal embolic folds and wide baso-retrolateral fold of median apophsis, from M. vittiventris Strand, 1913 by the shape of embolic base and the median apophysis, from M. nomurai Ono, 2003 by the thin subterminal embolus, from M. hoosi (Kishida, 1935) by the almost equal width of each embolic ramus, and from M. maolanensis Wang, Ran & Chen, 1999 by the longer embolus, the blunt embolic apices, and the shape of conductor and the pattern of dorsal opisthosoma (Figs 1–5). Etymology. The species name is an eponymous noun in the genitive case in honour of late Prof. Mingsheng Zhu (Hebei University, China). Description. Male holotype total length 8.06; prosoma 4.39 long, 3.16 wide; opisthosoma 3.88 long, 2.75 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 1) black. Clypeus black. Chelicerae, endites and labium dark brown, apices yellow. Sternum dark brown. Femora II–IV of legs distinctly brown, distal half dark brown, coxae and trochantera yellowish, other leg segments brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma black, with three pairs of white lateral patches, followed by three transverse white median patches; lateral part gray, with black diagonal stripes; venter gray, posterior median with two longitudinal black stripes, in front of epigastric furrow brown. Spinnerets brown. Prosoma (Fig. 1). Carapace longer than wide, only anterior part and clypeus with several black setae. AER slight procurved and PER procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.13, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.10. Interdistances of eyes: AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.54, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.15, PLE–PLE 0.65, ALE–PLE 0.03. MOA 0.26 long, front width 0.29, back width 0.26. Clypeus height 0.71. Fang of chelicera very short. Apices of chelicerae and endites covered with dense black scopula. Labium triangular, 0.61 long, 0.59 wide. Sternum 1.63 long, 1.63 wide and furnished with sparse black setae, lateral margin with small, pointed extensions fitting in coxal concavities of legs. Legs. Metatarsi II–IV with ventral hair tufts in apical part. Measurements of legs: leg I 11.12 (2.86, 1.02, 2.55, 2.75, 1.94), II 10.72 (2.86, 1.02, 2.35, 2.65, 1.84), III 10.40 (2.75, 1.02, 2.14, 2.86, 1.63), IV 12.74 (3.26, 1.12, 2.65, 3.98, 1.73). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 1). Oval, longer than wide, covered with black short hair. Dorsal scutum indistinct. Posterior ventral spines thin, arranged in a single row. Male palp (Figs 2–5). RTA digitiform, slightly wider at base, gradually tapering towards its blunt apex; cymbial fold fairly broad, approximately half length of cymbium; apex of median apophysis bifid, with sharply pointed tip on both ends, baso-retrolateral fold wide, almost triangular; apex of conductor beak-shaped, sharp, pointing downwards; embolus bifurcated, lateral ramus shorter than mesal ramus, both rami with subterminal folds, their apices blunt. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guizhou).

Asceua anding sp. nov. (Figs 8���11) Type material. Holotype ��, CHINA, Hainan Province: Anding County (19 �� 31 ��N, 110 �� 18 ��E), 21 Aug. 2007, F. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. The female can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma, the details of genitalia and the very long copulatory ducts (Figs 7���9). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Description. Female (holotype). Total length 2.70: prosoma 1.31 long, 0.90 wide; opisthosoma 1.35 long, 0.95 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 8) brown; median furrow black; radial furrow dark brown. Clypeus brown. Each eye ringed with black. Chelicerae, endites and labium yellow brown, apices of endites and labium yellowish. Sternum brown, lateral margin slightly dark. Legs brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma with a pair of anterior patches, followed by three transverse median bands and pre-anal spot; venter yellowish. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 8). Carapace longer than wide, thorax swell, tegument smooth and shiny. Both the eye rows procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.02, AME���ALE 0.03, ALE���ALE 0.36, PME���PME 0.07, PME���PLE 0.11, PLE���PLE 0.48, ALE���PLE 0.09. MOA 0.27 long, front width 0.18, back width 0.21. Clypeal height 0.32. Fangs of chelicerae short. Labium triangular, 0.27 long, 0.23 wide. Sternum 0.59 long, 0.50 wide and furnished with sparse black setae. Legs. Each femur with a dorsal spine. Measurements of legs: I: 3.34 (0.90, 0.27, 0.77, 0.86, 0.54), II: 2.44 (0.68, 0.27, 0.45, 0.59, 0.45), III: 2.75 (0.72, 0.27, 0.50, 0.81, 0.45), IV: 3.84 (0.95, 0.32, 0.81, 1.22, 0.54). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma (Fig. 8). Oval, longer than wide, covered with short, black hairs, without dorsal scutum. Female genitalia (Figs 9���11). Copulatory openings situated in median part of epigynum; long and winding copulatory ducts visible through integument; spermathecae situated posteriorly, small, long oval and partly hidden in copulatory ducts. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Jia, Xiao-Mei, 2012, Two new species of the ant spider genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from China, pp. 62-68 in Zootaxa 3307 on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212786

Phycosoma O. P.- Cambridge, 1879 Phycosoma O. P.- Cambridge, 1879: 692. Trigonobothrys Simon, 1889: 231. Diagnosis. Phycosoma is separated from other Hadrotarsinae by the following characters: male carapace often very high, almost cylindrical, with deep dorsal grooves when viewed from above (Figs 1, 6, 9, 15, 20); female carapace, if high, only anteriorly. Eye region often projecting beyond clypeus (Figs 1, 6, 9, 15, 20). Male palp with a median apophysis, a small conductor and a small embolus (Figs 2, 7, 10, 16, 21). Epigynum with a small scape (Figs 4, 13, 18, 23). Most species without colulus (except P. m u s t e l i n u m (Simon, 1889) with a colulus). Comments. Fitzgerald & Sirvid (2004) gave the diagnosis and description of Phycosoma by examining the type species P. oecobioides O. P.- Cambridge, 1879. The generic diagnosis given here is based in part on Yoshida’s (2002) diagnosis of Trigonobothrys and Fitzgerald & Sirvid’s (2004) diagnosis of Phycosoma. P. stellaris, P. h a na, P. labialis, P. hainanensis and P. s i n i c a were originally placed in the genus Dipoena. The characters of these species fit the diagnosis and circumscription of the genus Phycosoma, and we transfer these species to the genus Phycosoma. We believe that revisionary work on the genus Dipoena will likely reveal more species that should be transferred to Phycosoma.

Phycosoma digitula new species (Figs 1 ��� 5) Type material. Holotype 3, CHINA, Hainan Island: Bawangling Town (19 ��09��N, 109 �� 13 ��E), 23 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Paratypes: 1 ��, same data as holotype; CHINA, Hainan Island: 1 3, Bawangling Town, 20 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Jianfengling Mountain (19 ��07��N, 109 �� 10 ��E), 30 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from all other Phycosoma species by the wide apical cymbium (Figs 2���3). Female can be distinguished from all other Phycosoma species except P. flavomarginatum (Boesenberg & Strand, 1906), P. hainanensis and P. hana by the wide, U-shaped scapus and is separated from these three species by the long copulatory ducts (Figs 4���5). Etymology. The species name refers to digitiform apophysis of the tegulum. Description. Male holotype total length 3.15: prosoma 1.49 long, 1.22 wide, 0.95 high; opisthosoma 1.71 long, 0.99 wide. Size range: Male total body length 3.05 ��� 3.15 (n= 3). Color. Carapace (Fig. 1) yellowish, median part yellow-brown. Cervical groove black. Each eye with a black ring. Clypeus, chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum yellowish; endites gray distally. Legs yellowish, distal part of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi yellow-brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellowish with many black stripes; venter yellowish. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 1). Carapace oval, longer than wide, with several black setae anteriorly. Thoracic groove wide and deep. AER recurved and PER almost straight in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.16, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME ��� AME 0.18, AME ��� ALE 0.03, ALE ��� ALE 0.60, PME ��� PME 0.13, PME ��� PLE 0.13, PLE ��� PLE 0.66, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.27 long, anterior width 0.40, posterior width 0.34. Clypeus 0.59 high, with a few black setae. Anterior margin of endites covered with black scopulae. Labium 0.14 long, 0.18 wide. Sternum 0.77 long, 0.68 wide, with scattered black setae. Legs. Thin, with scattered long black spines. Measurements: leg 4.73 (1.49, 0.45, 1.26, 1.17, 0.36), 4.28 (1.40, 0.45, 0.99, 0.99, 0.45), 3.84 (1.17, 0.32, 0.95, 0.99, 0.41), 5.18 (1.80, 0.54, 1.44, 0.95, 0.45). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 1). Oval, longer than wide, covered with sparse and long black setae. Male palp (Figs 2 ��� 3). Cymbium wide, apical part with an apophysis; tegulum with a sclerotized digitiform apophysis; conductor membranous; embolus thin and concealed behind the TTA. Female. Paratype total length 3.15: prosoma 1.08 long, 1.08 wide, 0.63 high; opisthosoma 2.25 long, 1.71 wide. Color. Cervical groove and radial furrow brown. Sternum yellow. Chelicerae, endites and labium yellowbrown. Legs yellowish, patellae distally and tibiae with black annulations. Prosoma. Carapace with high head region and without distinct groove. Both the eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME���AME 0.13, AME���ALE 0.02, ALE���ALE 0.50, PME���PME 0.10, PME���PLE 0.10, PLE���PLE 0.55, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.23 long, anterior width 0.34, posterior width 0.25. Clypeus 0.41 high. Labium 0.14 long, 0.18 wide. Sternum 0.81 long, 0.72 wide. Legs. Measurements: leg I 4.06 (1.58, 0.36, 1.08, 0.68, 0.36), II 4.01 (1.35, 0.36, 0.95, 0.99, 0.36), III 3.47 (0.95, 0.36, 0.90, 0.90, 0.36), IV 5.40 (1.53, 0.45, 1.44, 1.44, 0.54). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma. The characters identical to holotype. Female genitalia (Figs 4���5). Epigynum lightly sclerotized, posterior part with a scapus extending slightly beyond epigastric furrow; copulatory openings small; the diameter of first seminal receptacle more than twice that of second seminal receptacle; copulatory ducts long, thin and bent slightly; subcopulatory ducts short. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558

Nine species of the theridiid spider genus Phycosoma are reported from Hainan Island, China, including two new species: Phycosoma digitula n. sp. (male, female) and P. diaoluo n. sp. (male). P. stellaris (Zhu, 1998) n. comb., P. hana (Zhu,1998) n. comb., P. labialis (Zhu, 1998) n. comb., P. hainanensis (Zhu, 1998) n. comb. and P. sinica (Zhu, 1992) n. comb. are transferred from the genus Dipoena Thorell, 1869. The males of P. stellaris, P. hana and P. labialis are described andillustrated here for the first time. P. amamiense (Yoshida, 1985) is recorded from Hainan Island for the first time; P. martinae (Roberts, 1983) is also included in this paper.

Asceua torquata (Simon, 1909) (Figs 12���18) Storena torquata Simon, 1909: 79. Asceua torquata Ono, 2004: 68, f. 6���7 Material examined. CHINA, Hainan Province: 13, Jianfengling Mountain, 9 Nov. 2008, G.X. Han leg.; Guangxi Province: 1 ��, Wuming County (23 �� 10 ��N, 108 �� 12 ��E), Nanning City, 1 May 2006, Z.S. Guan leg.; Hunan Province: 3 ��, Dao County (25 �� 32 ��N, 110 �� 36 ��E), 26 May 2002, Z.S. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the wide retrolateral prong of tibial apophysis. It differs from A. japonica and A. expugnatrix Jocqu��, 1995 by the shape of retrolateral prong of tibial apophysis and the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma (Figs 12, 15). Females can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma and the details of genitalia (Figs 16���18). Description. Male (from Jianfengling Mountain). Total length 3.38: prosoma 1.58 long, 1.13 wide; opisthosoma 1.62 long, 1.13 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 12) brown, elevated; median furrow black; radial furrow dark brown. Clypeus brown. Each eye ringed with black. Chelicerae, endites and labium brown, apices of endites and labium yellow. Sternum brown, lateral margin slightly dark. Legs brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma black, median with a brown band, lateral part with a pair of white patches followed by two white median patches, the first white median patch with a small black median patch; venter yellowish. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 12). Carapace longer than wide, thorax swell, tegument smooth and shiny. Both the eye rows procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.10, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.13. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.04, AME���ALE 0.03, ALE���ALE 0.51, PME���PME 0.09, PME���PLE 0.12, PLE���PLE 0.61, ALE��� PLE 0.03. MOA 0.35 long, front width 0.27, back width 0.30. Clypeal height 0.41. Fangs of chelicerae short. Labium triangular, 0.27 long, 0.23 wide. Sternum 0.77 long, 0.68 wide and furnished with sparse black setae. Legs. Each femur with a dorsal spine. Measurements of legs: I: 4.11 (1.04, 0.41, 0.90, 1.08, 0.68), II: 3.79 (0.99, 0.45, 0.77, 0.95, 0.63), III: 3.82 (0.99, 0.45, 0.81, 0.95, 0.62), IV: 4.56 (1.17, 0.50, 1.04, 1.26, 0.59). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma (Fig. 12). Oval, longer than wide, covered with short, black hairs. Male palp (Figs 11, 13��� 15). Retrolateral prong of tibial apophysis wide, ventrolateral prong thin; cymbium narrowed, with typical huge lateral fold, and with a projection near the apex of cymbium; bulb with a sharply process pointing retrolateraliy; membranous conductor large; embolus threadlike. Female (from Wuming County). Total length 3.47: prosoma 1.53 long, 1.22 wide; opisthosoma 1.89 long, 1.26 wide. Prosoma. Both the eye rows slightly procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.10, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.12. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.03, AME���ALE 0.04, ALE���ALE 0.53, PME���PME 0.10, PME���PLE 0.13, PLE���PLE 0.66, ALE���PLE 0.04. MOA 0.36 long, front width 0.23, back width 0.30. Clypeal height 0.32. Labium 0.36 long, 0.36 wide. Sternum 0.81 long, 0.72 wide. Legs. Each femur with one dorsal spine. Measurements of legs: I: 4.10 (0.99, 0.45, 0.95, 0.99, 0.72), II: 3.65 (0.95, 0.45, 0.81, 0.90, 0.54), III. 3.61 (0.95, 0.45, 0.72, 0.99, 0.50), IV: 4.23 (1.08, 0.45, 1.08, 0.99, 0.63). Leg formula: 4123. Female genitalia (Figs 16���18). Copulatory openings situated in anterior part of epigynum; long and winding copulatory ducts visible through integument; spermathecae almost spherical, situated posteriorly and near each other. Distribution. China (Hainan, Guangxi, Hunan); Vietnam. Remark. While examining the Asceua specimens collected from southern China, we found some Asceua females captured from Guangxi and Hunan provinces, recognized them as A. torquata which described originally from Vietnam. In 2008, we also collected one Asceua male from Hainan Province, and with the same habitus and dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma as the females of A. torquata. In addition, Hunan, Guangxi and Hainan are near in geographical distribution, We therefore identified it as the male of A. torquata and describe it here., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Jia, Xiao-Mei, 2012, Two new species of the ant spider genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from China, pp. 62-68 in Zootaxa 3307 on page 66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212786, {"references":["Ono, H. (2004) Spiders of the family Zodariidae (Araneae) from Dambri, Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (A), 30, 67 - 75.","Jocque, R. (1995) Notes on Australian Zodariidae (Araneae), I. New taxa and key to the genera. Records of the Australian Museum, 47, 117 - 140."]}

Asceua quadrimaculata sp. nov. (Figs 1���7) Type material. Holotype 3, CHINA, Hainan Province: Datian National Nature Reserve (19 ��09��N, 108 �� 47 ��E), 5 Aug. 2007, F. Zhang leg. Paratypes: 1 ��, same data as holotype; 2 ��, Bawangling Mountain (19 ��07��N, 109 ��04��E), 3 Aug. 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Bawangling Mountain, 21 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 13, 3��, Jianfengling Mountain (18 �� 37 ��N, 108 �� 42 ��E), 9 Nov. 2008, G.X. Han leg.; 23, 2��, Jianfengling Mountain, 28 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. The male of the new species can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the wide median apophysis and long membranous conductor. It differs from A. jianfeng, A. menglun, A. similis and A. maculosa Logunov, 2010 by the shapes of median apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis, and the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma (Figs 1���4). The female can be distinguished from other Asceua species by the central epigynal pocket, the dorsal pattern on the opisthosoma and the details of genitalia; it differs from A. piperata Ono, 2004 by the spermathecae well separated, and from A. jianfeng by the central epigynal pocket and the course of internal copulatory ducts (Figs 5���6). Etymology. The specific name is a nominative neuter singular of the Latin adjective quadrimaculatus, meaning with four dots and refers to the pattern of dorsal opisthosoma. Description. Male (holotype). Total length 1.76: prosoma 0.86 long, 0.63 wide; opisthosoma 0.88 long, 0.54 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 1) brown; median furrow black. Clypeus brown, median part dark brown. Each eye ringed with black. Chelicerae, endites and labium brown, apices of endites and labium yellow, median part of labium with a black patch. Sternum brown, lateral margin slightly dark. Legs brown, apices and bases of femora and tibia ringed with black. Dorsum of opisthosoma black, with an ovoid scutum, lateral part with two pairs of white patches; venter yellowish. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 1). Carapace longer than wide, tegument smooth and shiny. Both the eye rows slightly procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.03, AME���ALE 0.01, ALE���ALE 0.31, PME���PME 0.07, PME���PLE 0.06, PLE���PLE 0.39, ALE��� PLE 0.07. MOA 0.23 long, front width 0.20, back width 0.18. Clypeal height 0.18. Labium triangular, 0.17 long, 0.16 wide. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.50 wide and sparsely covered with black setae. Legs. Each femur with a dorsal spine. Measurements of legs: I: 2.76 (0.68, 0.27, 0.68, 0.63, 0.50), II: 2.03 (0.54, 0.18, 0.45, 0.50, 0.36), III: 2.22 (0.59, 0.23, 0.50, 0.54, 0.36), IV: 3.12 (0.72, 0.23, 0.77, 0.90, 0.50). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma (Fig. 1). Oval, longer than wide, covered with short, black hairs. Dorsal scutum distinct. Male palp (Figs 2���4). Retrolateral tibial apophysis thin, digitiform, palpal tibia with an elevated ridge on the ventral and retrolateral side respectively; cymbium with typical huge retrolateral fold; bulb prolaterally with a blunt tubercle; median apophysis wide and strong; membranous conductor wide and long; embolus threadlike. Female. Paratype (from Datian National Nature Reserve, Hainan). Total length 2.07: prosoma 0.90 long, 0.59 wide; opisthosoma 1.13 long, 0.68 wide. Prosoma. Both eye rows slightly procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.09, ALE 0.07, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.02, AME���ALE 0.03, ALE���ALE 0.30, PME���PME 0.08, PME���PLE 0.07, PLE���PLE 0.36, ALE���PLE 0.07. MOA 0.22 long, front width 0.17, back width 0.20. Clypeal height 0.23. Labium 0.18 long, 0.16 wide. Sternum 0.41 long, 0.41 wide. Legs. Each femur with a dorsal spine. Measurements of legs: I: 2.12 (0.54, 0.18, 0.45, 0.54, 0.41), II: 1.85 (0.45, 0.18, 0.45, 0.41, 0.36), III. 1.94 (0.50, 0.18, 0.45, 0.45, 0.36), IV: 2.58 (0.59, 0.23, 0.54, 0.77, 0.45). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma without dorsal scutum. Female genitalia (Figs 5���7). Median part with a central epigynal pocket, copulatory openings situated in anterior part of epigynum; long and winding copulatory ducts visible through integument; spermathecae small and spherical, situated posteriorly and well separated. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Jia, Xiao-Mei, 2012, Two new species of the ant spider genus Asceua Thorell, 1887 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from China, pp. 62-68 in Zootaxa 3307 on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212786, {"references":["Logunov, D. V. (2010) New species of Zodariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Vietnam. Arthropoda Selecta, 19 (4), 249 - 260.","Ono, H. (2004) Spiders of the family Zodariidae (Araneae) from Dambri, Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (A), 30, 67 - 75."]}

Phycosoma O. P.- Cambridge, 1879 Phycosoma O. P.- Cambridge, 1879: 692. Trigonobothrys Simon, 1889: 231. Diagnosis. Phycosoma is separated from other Hadrotarsinae by the following characters: male carapace often very high, almost cylindrical, with deep dorsal grooves when viewed from above (Figs 1, 6, 9, 15, 20); female carapace, if high, only anteriorly. Eye region often projecting beyond clypeus (Figs 1, 6, 9, 15, 20). Male palp with a median apophysis, a small conductor and a small embolus (Figs 2, 7, 10, 16, 21). Epigynum with a small scape (Figs 4, 13, 18, 23). Most species without colulus (except P. m u s t e l i n u m (Simon, 1889) with a colulus). Comments. Fitzgerald & Sirvid (2004) gave the diagnosis and description of Phycosoma by examining the type species P. oecobioides O. P.- Cambridge, 1879. The generic diagnosis given here is based in part on Yoshida���s (2002) diagnosis of Trigonobothrys and Fitzgerald & Sirvid���s (2004) diagnosis of Phycosoma. P. stellaris, P. h a na, P. labialis, P. hainanensis and P. s i n i c a were originally placed in the genus Dipoena. The characters of these species fit the diagnosis and circumscription of the genus Phycosoma, and we transfer these species to the genus Phycosoma. We believe that revisionary work on the genus Dipoena will likely reveal more species that should be transferred to Phycosoma., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Cambridge, O. P. (1879) On some new and rare spiders from New Zealand, with characters of four new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1879, 681 - 703.","Fitzgerald, B. M. & Sirvid, P. J. (2004) Notes on the genus Phycosoma Cambridge, 1879, senior synonym of Trigonobothrys Simon, 1889 (Theridiidae: Araneae). Tuhinga, 15, 7 - 12."]}

Phycosoma martinae (Roberts, 1983) Dipoena martinae Roberts, 1983: 227, f. 32���35. Dipoena decamaculata Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1992: 270, f. 1���5. Dipoena ruedai Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 454, f. 274 a���j. Dipoena martinae: Zhu, 1998: 236, f. 154 A���F; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 112, f. 55 C���D, K���L; Yoshida & Ono, 2000: 132, f. 11���16. Trigonobothrys martinae: Yoshida, 2002: 14; Yoshida, 2003: 178, f. 493���498; Sudhikumar, Mathew & Sebastian, 2004: 52, f. a���h. Phycosoma martinae: Saaristo, 2006: 52, f. 1���4; Yoshida, 2009: 391, f. 338���340. Material examined. CHINA, Jiangxi Province: 1 3, 2 ��, Xiuwen County (26 �� 55 ��N, 106 �� 46 ��E), 20���30 Septemper 1991, J. Chen leg.; CHINA, Hainan Island: 2 3, Qionghai County, 15 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg.; 1 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 9 August 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 2 3, 1 ��, Bawangling Town, 24 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Limu Mountain, 19 August 2007, F. Zhang leg. Description. See Roberts (1983) and Zhu (1998). Distribution. China (Hainan, Jiangxi); Aldabra, India, Korea, Ryukyu Is., Philippines., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Roberts, M. J. (1983) Spiders of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Aldabra atoll. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77, 217 - 291.","Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.","Yoshida, H. (2002) A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Hadrotarsinae (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica Tokyo, 51, 7 - 18.","Saaristo, M. I. (2006) Theridiid or cobweb spiders of the granitic Seychelles islands (Araneae, Theridiidae). Phelsuma, 14, 49 - 89.","Yoshida, H. (2009). Uloboridae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae. In Ono, H. (ed.), The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 142 - 147, 356 - 393, 467 - 468."]}

Phycosoma hana (Zhu, 1998) new combination (Figs 15 ��� 19) Dipoena hana Zhu, 1998: 237, f. 155 A ��� C; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 110, f. 54 E ��� F. Type material. Holotype ��, CHINA, Hainan Island: Jianfengling Mountain, 9 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg., deposited in MHBU, examined. Other material examined. CHINA, Hainan Island: 4 3, 1 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 11 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 2 3, 3 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 29 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 3 3, 4 ��, Bawangling Mountain, 21 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 2 ��, Bawangling Mountain, 5 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 1 ��, Diaoluo Mountain, 5 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Qixianling Mountain, Baoting County, 8 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Limu Mountain (19 �� 10 ��N, 109 �� 39 ��E), 21 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 2 3, Xichang Town, Tunchang County, 11 June 2009, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from other Phycosoma species by the opisthosoma colour pattern (Figs 16���17). Females can be distinguished from all other Phycosoma species except P. flavomarginatum, P. hainanensis and P. digitula by the wide, U-shaped scapus. It differs from P. flavomarginatum by the short, thick subcopulatory ducts, from P. hainanensis by the locations where copulatory ducts connect to spermathecae and from P. digitula by the short copulatory ducts (Figs 18���19). Redescription. Male (Jianfengling Mountain) total length 1.73: prosoma 0.71 long, 0.51 wide, 0.41 high; opisthosoma 1.12 long, 0.71 wide. Size range: Male total body length 1.73���1.80 (n= 13). Color. Carapace (Fig. 15) yellow, antero-median part darkish. Thoracic groove dark brown. Each eye with a black ring. Clypeus yellow, with a wide darkish stripe from AME to the margin. Chelicerae yellowish, with a darkish stripe in front view. Endites and labium yellowish, gray distally. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi with darkish patches. Opisthosoma dorsally yellowish and covered with five pairs of black patches laterally and a black patch medially; venter dark brown and with irregular brown patches. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 15). Carapace oval, longer than wide, head protruding forward and beyond clypeus. Thoracic groove deep. Both eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.08, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06; AME���AME 0.08, AME���ALE 0.02, ALE���ALE 0.30, PME���PME 0.04, PME���PLE 0.06, PLE���PLE 0.32, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.18 long, anterior width 0.22, posterior width 0.18. Clypeus 0.31 high, with scattered black setae. Labium 0.06 long, 0.08 wide. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.48 wide, with scattered black setae. Legs. With scattered thin setae and spines. Measurements: leg I 2.46 (0.82, 0.31, 0.51, 0.51, 0.31), II 2.04 (0.61, 0.20, 0.41, 0.51, 0.31), III 1.94 (0.61, 0.20, 0.41, 0.41, 0.31), IV 2.56 (0.82, 0.31, 0.61, 0.51, 0.31). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 15). Oval, longer than wide, with scattered long brown setae. Male palp (Figs 16���17). Tegulum with a tubercle; embolus and conductor thin and small. Female (Jianfengling Mountain). Total length 1.98: prosoma 0.79 long, 0.73 wide, 0.73 high; opisthosoma 1.39 long, 0.89 wide. Size range: Female total body length 1.98���2.25 (n= 11). Color. Carapace yellow, median stripe wide, darkish. Legs yellow, femora, patellae and tibiae with brown annulations. Prosoma. Carapace with high head region, head protruding forward and beyond clypeus. Both eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME���AME 0.08, AME���ALE 0.02, ALE���ALE 0.32, PME���PME 0.05, PME���PLE 0.05, PLE���PLE 0.33, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.23 long, anterior width 0.23, posterior width 0.18. Clypeus 0.32 high. Labium 0.06 long, 0.08 wide. Sternum 0.53 long, 0.51 wide. Legs. Measurements: leg I 2.38 (0.76, 0.31, 0.48, 0.53, 0.30), II 2.25 (0.69, 0.30, 0.49, 0.50, 0.27), III 2.26 (0.69, 0.30, 0.43, 0.50, 0.34), IV 2.90 (0.89, 0.41, 0.65, 0.59, 0.36). Leg formula: 4132. Opisthosoma. The characters identical to holotype. Female genitalia (Figs 18���19). Epigynum lightly sclerotized, posterior part with a scapus extending beyond epigastric furrow, atrium circular; the diameter of first seminal receptacle twice that of second seminal receptacle; copulatory ducts short and straight. Distribution. China (Hainan). Comments. While examining specimens from Hainan Island we found three samples where males were captured together with females, the color patterns of males are same as female. As the females are P. hana, the males can reasonably be expected to be conspecific. The male is described here for the first time., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Phycosoma sinica (Zhu, 1992) new combination Dipoena sinica Zhu, 1992: 109, f. 7���13; Zhu, 1998: 238, f. 156 A���G; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 112, f. 56 E���F, K���L. Dipoena hubeiensis Chen & Zhao, 1996: 35, f. 1���7. Type material. Holotype 3, CHINA, Hubei Province: Badong County (31 ��09��N, 110 �� 26 ��E), 22 May 1989, M. S. Zhu leg. Paratypes: 1 ��, same data as holotype; CHINA, Shaanxi Province: 1 3, 4 ��, Zhouzhi County (34 �� 12 ��N, 108 �� 14 ��E), 30 May 1990, X. P. Wang leg., deposited in MHBU, examined. Other material examined. CHINA, Anhui Province: 2 ��, Qiyun Mountain (29 �� 48 ��N, 118 ��02��E), 24 October 1983, Y. J. Xu leg.; CHINA, Hunan Province: 1 3, 1 ��, Zhangjiajie Mountain (29 �� 32 ��N, 111 ��08��E), 26 May 1989, M. S. Zhu leg.; CHINA, Gansu Province: 1 3, 1 ��, Wen County (32 �� 48 ��N, 105 �� 19 ��E), 20 April 1993, Y. Q. Tang leg.; CHINA, Sichuan Province: 2 3, 3 ��, Miyi County (27 ��01��N, 101 �� 56 ��E), 3 October 1993, M. S. Zhu leg.; CHINA, Hainan Island: 1 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 9 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg.; 1 3, 1 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 29 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Description. See Zhu (1992, 1998). Distribution. China (Hainan, Gansu, Shanxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Fujian)., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. (1992) Four species of spider of the genus Dipoena from China (Araneae: Theridiidae). Journal of Hebei normal University (Natural Science Edition), 17 (3), 108 - 113.","Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Phycosoma stellaris (Zhu, 1998) new combination (Figs 9 ��� 14) Dipoena stellaris Zhu, 1998: 230, f. 149 A ��� D; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 112, f. 56 G ��� H. Type material. Holotype ��, CHINA, Hainan Island: Qionghai County (19 ��00��N, 109 ��08��E), 5 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg., deposited in MHBU, examined. Other material examined. CHINA, Hainan Island: 1 3, 3 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 2 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, 1 ��, Diaoluo Mountain, 6 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Wuzhishan City (18 �� 39 ��N, 109 �� 19 ��E), 8 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 1 3, Qixianling Mountain (18 �� 14 ��N, 109 �� 37 ��E), Baoting County, 8 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Xichang Town (19 �� 10 ��N, 109 �� 53 ��E), Tunchang County, 11 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 ��, Huangzhu Town (19 �� 32 ��N, 110 �� 24 ��E), Ding���an County, 22 November 2008, G. X. Han leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from other Phycosoma species except P. nigromaculatum (Yoshida, 1987) by the wholly sclerotized dorsum of the opisthosoma. It differs from P. nigromaculatum in conductor and embolus positioning (Figs 9 ��� 11). Females can be distinguished from all other Phycosoma species except P. m a r t i - nae (Roberts, 1983) by the small scapus extending slightly beyond the epigastric furrow. It is separated from P. martinae by the oval first seminal receptacle (Figs 13 ��� 14). Redescription. Male (Jianfengling Mountain) total length 1.58: prosoma 0.70 long, 0.53 wide, 0.31 high; opisthosoma 0.90 long, 0.65 wide. Size range: Male total body length 1.54 ��� 1.58 (n= 3). Color. Carapace (Fig. 9) yellow-brown, median part darker than other parts, and with thin annular brown patch around each seta. Each eye with a black ring. Chelicerae yellow. Endites yellow, black distally. Labium yellowbrown, gray distally. Sternum yellow-brown, with annular brown patch around each seta. Legs brown. Opisthosoma with scattered setae surround by annular brown patches; dorsum of opisthosoma covered by a dorsal scutum and with four dark brown muscle impressions centrally, the posterior part with two black lateral patches and a median black patch; laterally yellow-brown with a few large black patches; venter yellowish. Spinnerets yellowbrown. Prosoma (Fig. 9). Carapace longer than wide, highest medially, head protruding forward and beyond clypeus, anterior margin with several black setae. Both eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.09, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; AME ��� AME 0.08, AME ��� ALE 0.02, ALE ��� ALE 0.29, PME ��� PME 0.05, PME ��� PLE 0.05, PLE ��� PLE 0.31, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.13 long, anterior posterior 0.18, back width 0.13. Clypeus 0.21 high, with a few gray setae. Endites with gray scopulae. Labium 0.08 long, 0.13 wide. Sternum 0.36 long, 0.36 wide, with scattered short black setae. Legs. Thin, with sparse setae and thin spines. Measurements: leg I 1.34 (0.44, 0.13, 0.31, 0.23, 0.23), II 1.25 (0.39, 0.13, 0.29, 0.22, 0.22), III 1.01 (0.36, 0.13, 0.18, 0.17, 0.17), IV 1.55 (0.52, 0.13, 0.39, 0.25, 0.26). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 9). Oval, longer than wide, with scattered short black setae. Male palp (Figs 10 ��� 11). Tegulum slightly inflated; embolus short and pointed in ventral view; conductor small and C-shaped in prolateral view. Female (Jianfengling Mountain). Total length 2.02: prosoma 0.63 long, 0.63 wide, 0.45 high; opisthosoma 1.44 long, 1.04 wide.Size range: Female total body length 1.98 ��� 2.02 (n= 8). Color (Fig. 12). Opisthosoma yellow-brown, without dorsal scutum; anterior part with two pairs of dark brown muscle impressions, and posterior part with an inverted V-shaped marking. Prosoma. Both eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME ��� AME 0.09, AME ��� ALE 0.02, ALE ��� ALE 0.36, PME ��� PME 0.08, PME ��� PLE 0.09, PLE ��� PLE 0.39, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.18 long, anterior width 0.26, posterior width 0.18. Clypeus 0.27 a few. Labium 0.09 long, 0.14 wide. Sternum 0.41 long, 0.36 wide. Legs. Measurements: leg I 1.61 (0.52, 0.27, 0.32, 0.27, 0.23), II 1.59 (0.50, 0.27, 0.32, 0.27, 0.23), III 1.45 (0.45, 0.23, 0.27, 0.27, 0.23), IV 1.99 (0.77, 0.27, 0.36, 0.32, 0.27). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma. The characters identical to holotype. Female genitalia (Figs 13 ��� 14). Epigynum slightly sclerotized, posterior part with a small epigynal atrium, copulatory openings concealed within atrium; second seminal receptacle globose and first seminal receptacle oval; copulatory ducts long and bent. Distribution. China (Hainan). Comments. While examining specimens from Hainan Island we found two samples where males were captured together with females, the color pattern and setae arrangement of both sexes are the same except the more sclerotized dorsum of the male opisthosoma. As the females are P. stellaris, the males can reasonably be expected to be conspecific. The male is described here for the first time., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.","Roberts, M. J. (1983) Spiders of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Aldabra atoll. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77, 217 - 291."]}

Phycosoma labialis (Zhu, 1998) new combination (Figs 20 ��� 24) Dipoena labialis Zhu, 1998: 241, f. 158 A ��� D; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 112, f. 55 A ��� B. Type material. Holotype ��, CHINA, Hainan Island: Jianfengling Mountain, 9 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg., deposited in MHBU, examined. Other material examined. CHINA, Hainan Island: 1 3, 3 ��, Jianfengling Mountain, 27 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, 3 ��, Bawangling Town, 23 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Limu Mountain, 21 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 1 ��, Limu Mountain, 20 August 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 3 ��, Diaoluo Mountain, 5 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, 1 ��, Qixianling Mountain, Baoting County, 8 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 1 3, Huangzhu Town, Ding���an County, 23 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 1 ��, Fanjia Town (19 �� 19 ��N, 109 �� 33 ��E), Danzhou County, 15 May 2009, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from other Phycosoma species by the nearly rectangular elevated ridge on tegulum (Figs 21���22). Females can be distinguished from all other Phycosoma species except P. hainanensis by the wide, semicircular scapus and is separated from P. hainanensis by the long copulatory ducts (Figs 23���24). Redescription. Male total length 2.80���3.30 (n= 5). A male (from Jianfengling Mountain) total length 2.80: prosoma 1.33 long, 1.12 wide, 0.61 high; opisthosoma 1.53 long, 1.02 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 20) yellowish, with thin brown annular patch around each seta, antero-median part grayish. Thoracic groove black. Each eye with a black ring. Clypeus yellow, with two darkish stripes in front view. Chelicerae yellowish, with a darkish stripe in front view. Endites yellowish, gray distally. Labium and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, femora, patellae and tibiae with darkish annulations. Opisthosoma dorsally yellowish, with thin annular brown patch around each seta and irregular large black patches; venter yellowish and with a wide median black stripe. Spinnerets yellowish. Prosoma (Fig. 20). Carapace oval, longer than wide, anterior part with several long brown setae; clypeus concave below AME. Thoracic groove deep. AER recurved and PER almost straight in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.15, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME���AME 0.16, AME���ALE 0.02, ALE���ALE 0.50, PME���PME 0.10, PME���PLE 0.10, PLE���PLE 0.58, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.28 long, anterior width 0.32, posterior width 0.26. Clypeus 0.41 high, with scattered brown setae. Labium 0.16 long, 0.22 wide. Sternum 0.64 long, 0.61 wide, with scattered black setae. Legs. With sparse long spines. Measurements: leg I 3.88 (1.22, 0.41, 0.82, 1.02, 0.41), II 3.56 (1.12, 0.41, 0.71, 0.92, 0.41), III 3.47 (1.12, 0.41, 0.71, 0.82, 0.41), IV 4.49 (1.33, 0.31, 1.22, 1.12, 0.51). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 20). Oval, longer than wide, with scattered long setae. Male palp (Figs 21���22). Tegulum with a large, rectangular elevated ridge. Embolus and conductor small, TTA S-shaped in ventral view. Female. Total length 3.98���4.28 (n= 13). A female (from Jianfengling Mountain) total length 4.28: prosoma 1.43 long, 1.33 wide, 0.82 high; opisthosoma 2.96 long, 1.94 wide. Color. Carapace yellowish, median stripe gray. Clypeus dark. Chelicerae yellow. Endites yellow, lighter shade of yellow distally. Labium and sternum yellow. Legs yellow, femora and tibiae with darkish annulations. Prosoma. Carapace with high head region, head protruding forward and beyond clypeus, anterior part with several short black setae; thoracic groove reduced AER recurved and PER almost straight in dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.15, ALE 0.10, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10; AME���AME 0.10, AME���ALE 0.03, ALE���ALE 0.55, PME���PME 0.10, PME���PLE 0.13, PLE���PLE 0.60, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA 0.30 long, anterior width 0.33, posterior width 0.28. Clypeus 0.51 high. Labium 0.18 long, 0.23 wide. Sternum 0.92 long, 0.82 wide. Legs. Measurements: leg I 5.62 (1.84, 0.51, 1.33, 1.43, 0.51), II 4.79 (1.63, 0.51, 1.02, 1.12, 0.51), III 4.59 (1.43, 0.51, 1.02, 1.12, 0.51), IV 6.62 (1.94, 0.51, 1.73, 1.73, 0.71). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma. The characters identical to holotype. Female genitalia (Figs 23���24). Epigynum lightly sclerotized, posterior part with a semicircular scapus and a shallow circular atrium; copulatory ducts long and bent slightly, copulatory copulatory openings with the posterior spermathecae. Distribution. China (Hainan). Comments. While examining specimens from Hainan Island we found three samples where males were captured together with females, the color pattern of males are same as female. As the females are P. labialis, the males can reasonably be expected to be conspecific. The male is described here for the first time., Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhang, Bao-Shi, 2012, Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P. - Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 30-43 in Zootaxa 3339 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212558, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Anelosimus seximaculatum (Zhu, 1998) new combination (Figs 10���14) Theridion seximaculatum Zhu, 1998: 141, f. 84 A ��� C; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 142, f. 79 G ��� H. Type material. Female holotype and 2 female paratypes, from Jianfengling Mountain (19 ��07��N, 109 �� 13 ��E), Hainan Island, China, 15 August 1990, M. B. Gu leg., examined. Other material examined. Hainan Province: Bawangling Mountain (19 ��07��N, 109 ��04��E), 2 males and 3 females, 31 July 2007, C. Zhang leg.; 6 females, 8 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 3 males and 11 females, 22 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; 4 males and 8 females, 25 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; Yajia village, 2 males and 6 females, 19 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; Wuzhi Mountain (18 �� 39 ��N, 109 �� 19 ��E), 2 males and 3 females, 16 August 2007, F. Zhang leg.; 4 females, 17 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 2 males and 12 females, 23 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; Limu Mountain (19 �� 10 ��N, 109 �� 39 ��E), 7 females, 21 July 2008, G. X. Han leg.; Jianfengling Mountain, 9 females, 12 November 2008, G. X. Han leg.; 11 females, 31 May 2009, C. Zhang leg.; Diaoluo Mountain (18 �� 45 ��N, 109 �� 45 ��E), 8 females, 5 June 2009, C. Zhang leg.; Baoting County, Qixianling Mountain (18 �� 14 ��N, 109 �� 37 ��E), 1 female, 8 June 2009, C. Zhang leg. Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from all other Anelosimus species except A. kohi Yoshida, 1993 by the simple, short embolus. It differs from A. kohi by the shape of embolic base and the embolic origination (Figs 11��� 12). Females can be distinguished from all other Anelosimus species except A. linda and A. membranaceus by the short and straight copulatory ducts, and differ from A. linda and A. membranaceus by having only one copulatory opening (Figs 13 ��� 14). Description. Male (from Jianfengling Mountain), total length 1.71: prosoma 0.81 long, 0.68 wide; opisthosoma 1.12 long, 0.90 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 10) yellow brown. Cervical groove, radial furrows and median furrow gray black, anterior median part between cervical grooves gray black. Eyes with black ring. Chelicerae and sternum yellow brown. Endites yellow brown, gray distally. Labium brown. Legs yellow brown, reddish-brown on femora I. Dorsum of opisthosoma gray yellow, with thin, ripple-shaped lateral striates, covered with some white patches, median stripe dark and posterior margin with several dispersive gray black patches; venter gray yellow with gray black median stripe. Spinnerets gray black. Prosoma (Fig. 10). Carapace longer than wide, with several black setae anteriorly. Both the eye rows recurved from dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.09, PLE 0.08; AME���AME 0.08, AME���ALE 0.03, ALE���ALE 0.39, PME���PME 0.08, PME���PLE 0.07, PLE���PLE 0.41, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA long 0.21, front width 0.22, back width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.14 and covered with few setae. Promargin of chelicerae with three teeth, with the third one largest; retromargin with five small teeth. Anterior margin of endites armed with gray scopula. Labium 0.10 long, 0.18. Sternum 0.54 long, 0.50 wide and covered with sparse black setae, with anterior lightly procurved margin. Legs. Thin except femora I sturdy. Measurements of legs: leg I 3.88 (1.17, 0.41, 0.99, 0.86, 0.45), II 2.57 (0.90, 0.27, 0.54, 0.50, 0.36), III 1.86 (0.68, 0.23, 0.32, 0.36, 0.27), IV 2.48 (0.81, 0.27, 0.54, 0.50, 0.36). Leg formula: 1243. Opisthosoma (Fig. 10). Oval, longer than wide, covered with sparse black setae. Male palp (Figs 11���12). Embolus short, thin, curved and originating from the ventral genital bulb; median apophysis and tegular apophysis large; conductor membranous. The width of tibia equal to its length. Female (from Jianfengling Mountain), total length 2.30: prosoma 0.80 long, 0.70 wide; 1.45 long, 1.30 wide. Color. Legs yellow. Venter gray yellow brown. Other characters as in male. Prosoma. AER recurved and PER recurved lightly from dorsal view. Eye measurements: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME���AME 0.08, AME���ALE 0.03, ALE���ALE 0.43, PME���PME 0.08, PME���PLE 0.05, PLE���PLE 0.42, ALE and PLE contiguous. MOA long 0.20, front width 0.19, back width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.14. Labium 0.14 long, 0.18 wide. Sternum 0.55 long, 0.50 wide. Legs. Femora I sturdy. Measurements of legs: leg I 4.37 (1.29, 0.27, 1.22, 1.09, 0.50), II 3.04 (0.96, 0.18, 0.84, 0.66, 0.40), III 2.14 (0.69, 0.09, 0.57, 0.46, 0.33), IV 2.94 (0.92, 0.18, 0.78, 0.66, 0.40). Leg formula: 1243. Female genitalia (Figs 13 ��� 14). Epigynum slightly sclerotized, copulatory opening lying between two posterior atria; spermathecae oval; copulatory ducts thin and short, connected with spermathecae posteriorly. Variation. Coloration of opisthosoma of both sexes ranges from gray yellow to dark gray; some specimens had a darker median stripe anteriorly and posteriorly, and some with darker median stripe wholly; leg coloration ranges from yellow brown to brownish. Male total body length varies from 1.69 ��� 1.79 and female from 2.10 ��� 2.30. Distribution. China (Hainan). Comments. A. seximaculatum was originally placed in the genus Theridion and described from Hainan Island, based on three females. During the examination of the specimens collected from Hainan Island in 2007 ��� 2009, we found some pairs of male and female specimens collected in the same locality and date; these females were identified as A. seximaculatum. We consider the associated males as conspecific. We have described the male of this species here for the first time. The characters of this species fit the Anelosimus diagnosis and circumscription, namely, the dorsum of abdomen with a dark notched longitudinal central band edged by a narrow white band, and the bilateral white blotches distributed outside the dorsal band (Figs 1, 2, 7, 10, 15); colulus replaced by a pair of setae; entire conductor; three palpal tibial trichobothria and robust femora I (Agnarsson 2004, 2006). Thus we transfer here T. seximaculatum to the genus Anelosimus., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Liu, Long & Zhang, Feng, 2011, The cobweb spiders of the genus Anelosimus Simon, 1891 (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Hainan Island, China, pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 2833 on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277326, {"references":["Zhu, M. S. (1998) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 436 pp.","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science & Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.","Yoshida, H. (1993) Two new species of the genera Anelosimus and Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Singapore and Indonesia. Acta Arachnologica, 42, 83 - 85.","Agnarsson, I. (2004) Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 447 - 626."]}

Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng, Chen, Ping (2011): Species of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 2986: 55-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201149

Mallinella rectangulata sp. nov. (Figs 8���12) Type material. Holotype 3, CHINA, Hainan Province: Diaoluo Mountain (18 �� 45 ��N, 109 �� 45 ��E), 7 June 2009, leg. C. Zhang [MHBU]. Paratypes: 1 ♀, data as holotype; CHINA, Hainan Province: 1 ♀, Jianfengling Mountain (18 �� 37 ��N, 108 �� 42 ��E), 26 May 2009, leg. C. Zhang [MHBU]. Diagnosis. Male can be distinguished from all Mallinella species by the shape of conductor and the bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 9���10). Females can be distinguished from all congeners by the rectangular epigynal plate and short copulatory ducts (Figs 11���12). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective and refers to the shape of epigynal plate. Description. Male (holotype). Total length 5.51: prosoma 2.86 long, 2.65 wide; opisthosoma 1.94 long, 1.63 wide. Color. Carapace (Fig. 8) dark brown. Median furrow and radial groove black. Eyes with black ring. Chelicerae dark brown, terminal part yellowish. Endites brown, terminal part yellowish. Labium and sternum brown. Femora of legs dark brown and base ringed with black patches, coxa yellowish, other part of legs brown. Dorsum of opisthosoma sclerotized, black and with many brown minute spots and two pairs of brown lateral patches, followed by two discontinuous transverse reddish brown median patches, posterior part unsclerotized and with white median patches; lateral part gray, with black diagonal stripes; venter gray, posterior median with two irregular black patches, behind them brown. Spinnerets yellow. Prosoma (Fig. 8). Carapace longer than wide, only anterior part and clypeus with several black setae. Median furrow longitudinal. AER slight procurved and PER procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.07, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.04, AME���ALE 0.06, ALE���ALE 0.35, PME��� PME 0.05, PME���PLE 0.13, PLE���PLE 0.43, ALE���PLE 0.03. MOA 0.19 long, front width 0.15, back width 0.18. Clypeus height 0.29. Chelicera without teeth on margins of fang furrow, fang very short. Apices of chelicerae and endites furnished with dense black scopula. Labium triangular, 0.19 long, 0.18 wide. Sternum 0.64 long, 0.61 wide and furnished with sparse black setae, anterior margin straight, lateral margin with small, pointed extensions fitting in coxal concavities of legs. Legs. Metatarsi II���IV with ventral hair tufts in the apical part. Measurements of legs: leg I 7.03 (1.84, 0.71, 1.63, 1.63, 1.22), II 6.43 (1.84, 0.71, 1.33, 1.43, 1.12), III 6.32 (1.84, 0.71, 1.12, 1.53, 1.12), IV 9.18 (2.24, 0.82, 2.04, 2.65, 1.43). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma (Fig. 8). Oval, longer than wide and the widest part at 2 / 3 place. Male palp (Figs 9���10). Retrolateral apophysis of tibia wide, apex bifid, a apophysis located just in front of retrolateral apophysis; apex of median apophysis thin and pointed prolaterad, basal fold protruding posteriorly, pointed retrolaterad; base of embolus thick, end narrow; apex of conductor long, fishtail from lateral view. Female. Paratype (from Diaoluo Mountain). Total length 5.62: prosoma 1.84 long, 2.55 wide; opisthosoma 2.04 long, 3.06 wide. Color. Endites yellow. Labium brown, terminal part yellow brown. Legs yellow brown, terminal part of femora darker. Dorsum of opisthosoma gray black, with three pairs of gray lateral patches, behind them with four discontinuous transverse gray median patches; venter gray, posterior median with a longitudinal black strip. Other characters as in holotype. Prosoma. Both the eye rows procurved in dorsal view. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06. Interdistances of eyes: AME���AME 0.03, AME���ALE 0.08, ALE���ALE 0.38, PME���PME 0.05, PME��� PLE 0.11, PLE���PLE 0.44, ALE���PLE 0.05. MOA 0.21 long, front width 0.15, back width 0.19. Clypeus height 0.32. Labium 0.21 long, 0.20 wide. Sternum 1.12 long, 1.12 wide. Legs. Metatarsi II���IV with ventral hair tufts in the apical part. Measurements of legs: leg I 6.32 (1.73, 0.71, 1.33, 1.33, 1.22), II 5.61 (1.43, 0.71, 1.12, 1.33, 1.02), III 5.20 (1.43, 0.61, 1.12, 1.02, 1.02), IV 7.75 (1.94, 0.71, 1.73, 2.04, 1.33). Leg formula: 4123. Female genitalia (Figs 11���12). Epigynal plate nearly rectanglular, wider than long; spermathecae nearly oval, extending dorsad, with short copulatory ducts. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng & Chen, Ping, 2011, Species of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from Hainan Island, China, pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 2986 on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201149