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Organopoda acutula sp. nov. Figs 2, 11, 19 Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Gansu: Wenxian, VI���IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian. Paratypes: Gansu: 1♀, same as holotype (slide no. 4418); 1♀, Bikou, Bifenggou, 720 m, 8���10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui & Jiang Shan. Hunan: 1♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitiannan, 370 m, 16.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 1♀, Sangzhi, Badagong Shan, Xiaozhuangping, 14. VI.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong; 1♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuanqu, Wenfeng, 10. VI.2015, coll. Yao Jian & Zhao Kaidong. Sichuan: 2♂, Emei Shan, Qingyin���ge, 800���1000 m, 26.IV.1957, 16.VII.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing (slide no. 3463). All specimens of type series deposited in IZCAS. Description. Head. Antennae weakly serrate in male and filiform in female, shaft scattered with short cilia; dorsal side covered with white scales at base. Frons reddish brown, not protruding. Labial palpi reddish brown on dorsal side and yellow on ventral side, third segment about a half-length of second segment, extending beyond frons. Vertex pale white. Thorax. Patagia deep yellowish brown. Tegulae and thorax greyish brown. Forewing length: male 15���16 mm, female 14���15 mm. Wing colour deep yellowish brown, darker on costal area of forewing; transverse lines serrate. Forewing with antemedial line brown and indistinct; discal spot small and black ringed; medial line deep brown, incurved below vein CuA 1, indistinct; postmedial line sometimes indistinct and forming black spots on veins, nearly parallel with medial line; terminal line black and triangular between veins. Hindwing with discal spot black ringed and white-centered, and larger than that of forewing; medial line blackish brown, curved outwards centrally; postmedial line, terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing. Underside. Pale yellowish brown; transverse lines similar to those of upperside. Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Uncus in apical half broadened with two small processes on ventral side. Gnathos triangular, apically acute. Valva forming a small rounded process at apex; costa produced outwards; a short and digitiform process present on inner side of costa; sacculus with a stout and digitiform process near basal part. Saccus small. Aedeagus narrow and acute at apex, with a small spur subapically. Female genitalia (Fig. 19). Lamella postvaginalis almost triangular. Lamella antevaginalis narrow, plate-like, with dentate lateral margins. Ostium small and strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow and membranous, with a strongly sclerotized hood-like structure associated with ostium. Ductus seminalis usually arising from posterior part of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae long and bag-like, posterior part scattered with spurs on surface; signum oval, narrow centrally. Sternite 7 with a pair of wrinkled and rounded depressions on sides, weakly sclerotized and scabrous on surface. Diagnosis. The discal spot of the hindwing is smaller than in O. carnearia and O. annulifera, and is less rounded than in O. deltaformis. In the male genitalia, O. annulifera and O. acutula have similar digitiform saccular processes. However, O. acutula differs from O. annulifera by the following characters: the gnathos is triangular in O. acutula, while it is digitiform in O. annulifera; the apex of the valva forms a small rounded process in O. acutula, but is concave in O. annulifera. In the female genitalia, O. acutula and O. deltaformis have some similar characters: the lamella postvaginalis protrudes in the middle of the posterior margin; the lamella antevaginalis is broad and plate-like with dentate lateral margins. But, O. acutula differs from O. deltaformis by the following characters: the middle part of the posterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis is less protruding in O. acutula than in O. deltaformis; the signum is smaller in O. acutula than in O. deltaformis. Distribution. China (Gansu, Hunan, Sichuan). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of the Latin word ��� acutulus ���, which refers to the acute shape of the gnathos., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, A review of Organopoda Hampson, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China with description of three new species, pp. 434-444 in Zootaxa 4651 (3) on pages 436-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3363341

Organopoda annulifera (Butler, 1889) Figs 3, 12 Anisodes annulifera Butler, 1889, Illust. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera Colln Br. Mus., 7: 22, 107, pl. 136, fig. 10. Syntypes, India: Kangra district, Dharmsala (NHMUK). Organopoda annulifera signifera Prout, 1938, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 12: 147, pl. 16: a. Syntypes, India: Khasi Hills (NHMUK). Material examined. CHINA: Hubei: 1♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1300 m, 9.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu. Fujian: 1♂, Meihua Shan, Huyuan, 1267 m, 19.VII.2013, coll. Pan Xiaodan. Sichuan: 6♂, Emei Shan, Qingyin’ge, 800– 1000 m, 17–28.IV.1957, 4.VII.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing & Wang Zongyuan (slide no, 3452). Guizhou: 1♂, Libo, Weng’ang, 810 m, 23–26.VII.2015, coll. Jiang Nan (slide no, 4569). All in IZCAS. Diagnosis. See the diagnosis of O. carnearia and O. acutula. The female genitalia are unknown. Distribution. China (Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou), India., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, A review of Organopoda Hampson, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China with description of three new species, pp. 434-444 in Zootaxa 4651 (3) on page 437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3363341, {"references":["Butler, A. G. (1889) Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. London, Part 7, i-iv + 124 pp., pls 121 - 138."]}

Organopoda acutula sp. nov. Figs 2, 11, 19 Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Gansu: Wenxian, VI–IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian. Paratypes: Gansu: 1♀, same as holotype (slide no. 4418); 1♀, Bikou, Bifenggou, 720 m, 8–10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui & Jiang Shan. Hunan: 1♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitiannan, 370 m, 16.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 1♀, Sangzhi, Badagong Shan, Xiaozhuangping, 14. VI.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong; 1♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuanqu, Wenfeng, 10. VI.2015, coll. Yao Jian & Zhao Kaidong. Sichuan: 2♂, Emei Shan, Qingyin’ge, 800–1000 m, 26.IV.1957, 16.VII.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing (slide no. 3463). All specimens of type series deposited in IZCAS. Description. Head. Antennae weakly serrate in male and filiform in female, shaft scattered with short cilia; dorsal side covered with white scales at base. Frons reddish brown, not protruding. Labial palpi reddish brown on dorsal side and yellow on ventral side, third segment about a half-length of second segment, extending beyond frons. Vertex pale white. Thorax. Patagia deep yellowish brown. Tegulae and thorax greyish brown. Forewing length: male 15–16 mm, female 14–15 mm. Wing colour deep yellowish brown, darker on costal area of forewing; transverse lines serrate. Forewing with antemedial line brown and indistinct; discal spot small and black ringed; medial line deep brown, incurved below vein CuA 1, indistinct; postmedial line sometimes indistinct and forming black spots on veins, nearly parallel with medial line; terminal line black and triangular between veins. Hindwing with discal spot black ringed and white-centered, and larger than that of forewing; medial line blackish brown, curved outwards centrally; postmedial line, terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing. Underside. Pale yellowish brown; transverse lines similar to those of upperside. Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Uncus in apical half broadened with two small processes on ventral side. Gnathos triangular, apically acute. Valva forming a small rounded process at apex; costa produced outwards; a short and digitiform process present on inner side of costa; sacculus with a stout and digitiform process near basal part. Saccus small. Aedeagus narrow and acute at apex, with a small spur subapically. Female genitalia (Fig. 19). Lamella postvaginalis almost triangular. Lamella antevaginalis narrow, plate-like, with dentate lateral margins. Ostium small and strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow and membranous, with a strongly sclerotized hood-like structure associated with ostium. Ductus seminalis usually arising from posterior part of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae long and bag-like, posterior part scattered with spurs on surface; signum oval, narrow centrally. Sternite 7 with a pair of wrinkled and rounded depressions on sides, weakly sclerotized and scabrous on surface. Diagnosis. The discal spot of the hindwing is smaller than in O. carnearia and O. annulifera, and is less rounded than in O. deltaformis. In the male genitalia, O. annulifera and O. acutula have similar digitiform saccular processes. However, O. acutula differs from O. annulifera by the following characters: the gnathos is triangular in O. acutula, while it is digitiform in O. annulifera; the apex of the valva forms a small rounded process in O. acutula, but is concave in O. annulifera. In the female genitalia, O. acutula and O. deltaformis have some similar characters: the lamella postvaginalis protrudes in the middle of the posterior margin; the lamella antevaginalis is broad and plate-like with dentate lateral margins. But, O. acutula differs from O. deltaformis by the following characters: the middle part of the posterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis is less protruding in O. acutula than in O. deltaformis; the signum is smaller in O. acutula than in O. deltaformis. Distribution. China (Gansu, Hunan, Sichuan). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of the Latin word “ acutulus ”, which refers to the acute shape of the gnathos.

Organopoda Hampson, 1893 Organopoda Hampson, 1893, Illust. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera Colln Br. Mus., 9: 38, 147. Type species: Anisodes carnearia Walker, 1861. Generic characters. Head. Antennae weakly serrate in male and filiform in female, shaft scattered with short cilia, longer in male. Frons not protruding. Labial palpi usually elongate, except in O. atrisparsaria Wehrli, 1924 and O. brevipalpis Prout, 1926. Hindtibia in male possess with a cluster of long bristles at anterior part and a pair of spurs (one long and narrow, and the other black with short yellowish hairs, very dilated and scoop-shaped); hind tarsus with first segment very dilated and scoop-shaped, and fringed with short hairs (fig. 17); hindtibia in female with two pairs of spurs. Venation. Forewing with two areoles; veins R 1 and R 5 arising before apex of the angle of the second areole; veins R 2-4 stalked arising from apex of the angle of the second areole; hindwing with veins Rs and M 1 short stalked, veins M 3 and CuA 1 separate. Forewing with apex slightly pointed, outer margin slightly arched; hindwing with apex rounded. Wings with transverse lines often serrate, sometimes indistinct and spot-like on veins; discal spots rounded, sometimes with pale scales centrally. Male genitalia. Uncus long and narrow, apical half usually dilated, with two protrusions and long bristles on ventral side, rounded at tip. Socii absent. Gnathos well developed. Valva broad, often with projections from costa or sacculus; saccus small, usually protruding. Aedeagus usually thick, terminally pointed, sometimes with a spur subapically; vesica without cornutus. Sternite 8 usually weakly concave at middle of posterior margin. Female genitalia. Papillae anales broad, usually stout and short. Lamella postvaginalis well developed. Lamella antevaginalis connected with the latter. Ductus bursae long and narrow with a sclerotized hood-like structure associated with ostium. Ostium small and strongly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis usually arising from posterior part of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae very large and elongate, membranous, sometimes scobinate with small spurs on posterior surface; signum composed of two adjacent rounded depressions covered with small spines on surface. Sternite 7 usually sclerotized and containing depressions or protrusions. Diagnosis. The genus is similar to Discoglypha Warren, 1896, but it is different in the following characters: the labial palpi in Organopoda are usually longer than Discoglypha; the male hindtibia has a pair of spurs in Organopoda, but only one spur in Discoglypha; the discal spot of the hindwing is black ringed and pale-centered in Organopoda, while it is yellow and irregular in Discoglypha. In the male genitalia, the aedeagus in Discoglypha often contains strongly sclerotized structures, while it does not have similar structures in Organopoda. In the female genitalia, the lamella postvaginalis in Organopoda is usually well developed and connected with the lamella antevaginalis, while it is not developed in Discoglypha. Distribution. The Palaearctic, Oriental, and Australian regions. Host-plant. Larvae have been recorded on Machilus (Lauraceae) (Holloway 1997)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, A review of Organopoda Hampson, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China with description of three new species, pp. 434-444 in Zootaxa 4651 (3) on page 435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3363341, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1893) The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 9, v + 182., pls. 157 - 176.","Walker, F. (1861) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, part 22. British Museum, London, 500 - 755 pp.","Wehrli, E. (1924) Neue palaarktische Geometriden-Arten und Formen aus Ostchina. (Sammlung Hone.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, 37, 61 - 75., pl. 1.","Prout, L. B. (1926) On a collection of moths of the family Geometridae from Upper Burma made by Captain A. E. Swann. Part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 31, 129 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12403 5","Warren, W. (1896) New Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 3, 99 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 542 2","Holloway, J. D. (1997) The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Sterrhinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 10, 1 - 242."]}

Organopoda brevipalpis Prout, 1926 Figs 8, 15, 22 Organopoda brevipalpis Prout, 1926, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 31 (1): 136, pl. 1, fig. 7. Holotype ♂, Burma (upper): Htawgaw (NHMUK). Material examined. CHINA: Guangxi: 3♂, Napo, Defu, 1350���1440 m, 3���4.IV.1998, 18.VI.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu et al. Sichuan: 21♂ 1♀, Emei Shan, Qingyin���ge, 800���1000 m, 23���30.IV.1957, V���VII.1957, coll. Huang Keren et al. (slide no. 3446); 6♂ 1♀, Luding, Moxi, 1600 m, 17���18.VI.1983, 19���20.V.2009, coll. Li Jing & Chai Huaicheng; 3♂, Luding, Xinxing, 1800���1900 m, 13���14. VI.1983, coll. Wang Shuyong & Chai Huaicheng; 1♂, Luding, Moxi, Hailuogou, Yihaoyingdi, 3155 m, 15.V.2009, coll. Li Jing; 1♂, Barkam, 2600 m, 21.VIII.1983, coll. Chai Huaicheng. Yunnan: 3♂ 4♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24���26.V.1992, 5���7.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang & Xue Dayong (slide no. 3449); 1♂, Yongsheng, Liude, 2250 m, 10.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun. All in IZCAS. Diagnosis. See O. atrisparsaria. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Burma., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, A review of Organopoda Hampson, 1893 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China with description of three new species, pp. 434-444 in Zootaxa 4651 (3) on page 441, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3363341, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1926) On a collection of moths of the family Geometridae from Upper Burma made by Captain A. E. Swann. Part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 31, 129 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12403 5"]}

Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong, Jiang, Nan (2019): Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Zootaxa 4563 (2): 337-353, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7

Rhodostrophia olivacea Warren, 1895 Fig. 14 Rhodostrophia olivacea Warren, 1895, Novit. zool., 2: 99. Holotype ♀, India: Darjeeling (NHM). Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are similar to R. peregrina, but the size is larger, the apex of the forewing is more falcate, the postmedial line is slightly sinuate posteriorly, the underside of the forewing is yellowish brown on the posterior half part (cited as Prout 1920 ���1941). The species is also similar to R. tristrigalis, but the outer margin and the transverse lines of the forewing are less oblique than those of R. tristrigalis. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (ZFMK): 1 6, Li-kiang, 30.V.1934, coll. H. H��ne. More material is available at ZFMK. Distribution. China (Yunnan), India (Sikkim, Darjeeling), Burma., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Warren, W. (1895) New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 2, 82 - 159.","Prout, L. B. (1920 - 1941) The Indoaustralian Geometridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Macrolepid. World, 12. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 356, pls. 1 - 41, 50."]}

Rhodostrophia reisseri sp. nov. Figs 8, 21, 32, 43, 53, 59 Description. Head. Antennae quadripectinate in male, pectination covered with cilia, apex filiform, flagellum of the antennae dentate ventrally (fig. 59), longest pectination about three times width of flagellum; filiform in female. Frons yellowish brown with reddish brown scales, protruding. Labial palpus yellowish brown, suffused with reddish scales ventrally. Vertex yellowish white. Thorax. Patagia, tegulae and dorsal side of thorax yellowish brown. Hind tibia in male with three spurs. Forewing length: male 17���19 mm; female 16���18 mm. Outer margin of forewing smooth, apex slightly pointed; hind wing with rounded apex, outer margin with a small protrusion at vein M 3. Wing colour deep yellowish brown on forewing and yellowish white on hind wing, sometimes yellowish white on both wings, or with purple on forewing; transverse lines reddish brown or brown. Forewing with costa reddish brown or brown; antemedial line curved outwards below costa, then nearly straight; discal spot blackish brown and small; medial line slightly incurved on posterior half, sometimes companied with brown shadow outside; postmedial line wavy, scattered with red or brown shadow outside; terminal line blackish brown; fringes yellowish brown at base and the remaining reddish brown. Hind wing with discal spot paler than that of forewing; medial line, postmedial line, terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing, but without shadow outside postmedial line. Underside with antemedial line and postmedial line indistinct; the remaining transverse lines similar to those of underside. Male genitalia (Figs 21, 32). Uncus long, apex dilated and setose, about one third of uncus in length, and slight bifurcate on posterior margin. Gnathos triangular with long and acute apex. Costa sigmoid at apex, and setose terminally; sacculus separate from valva at apical one third, and forming a long and curved digitiform process. Juxta slender and plate-shaped. Saccus small rounded at apex. Aedeagus straight; vesica wrinkle and slightly sclerotized without cornutus. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotized with posterior margin concave centrally (Fig. 53). Female genitalia (Fig. 43). Apophyses anteriores roughly about two fifths as long as apophyses posteriors. Surrounding of ostium sclerotized. Ductus bursae long, about as long as corpus bursae, membranous centrally, the remaining part strongly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis arising from the junction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae. Corpus bursae spherical; signum W-shaped with two vertical bars. Seventh sternite broad, concave on posterior margin, a pair of short curved pouch-like lateral processes arising from anterior margin. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: the flagellum of the antennae is dentate ventrally; the male hind tibia has three spurs; the transverse lines of the wings are reddish to reddish brown; the medial line of the forewing is slightly incurved on the posterior half with dark shadow outside; the postmedial line is sinuous, and slightly suffused with reddish colour. The male genitalia are similar to R. philolaches, but the uncus is much broader on the basal half and is more dilated subapically; the process of the sacculus is longer than in R. philolaches. The female genitalia are also similar to those of R. philolaches, but the anterior half of the ductus bursae is more strongly sclerotized; the vertical bars of the signum is shorter than those in R. philolaches. Material examined. Holotype, 6, CHINA: Yunnan (ZFMK): Yunnan (ZFMK): Lijiang, 27.VIII.1935, coll. H. H��ne. Paratypes: 120 6 18♀ (ZFMK), same locality and collector as holotype, 13.VIII���30.IX.1935; 2 6 1♀ (IZCAS), Li-kiang, 4���14.IX.1935, coll. H. H��ne (D. St��ning presented from ZFMK). Yunnan (SMNK): 15♂ 3♀, Li-kiang, 22.VIII���14.IX.1935, coll. H. H��ne (GU 6026, 162, 6025, 6024, 6022). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The species is dedicated to the well-known lepidopterist Hans Reisser (1896���1976, Vienna, Austria), who assembled a collection of more than 100,000 specimens during his lifetime and specialized early on Geometridae-Sterrhinae. At ZFMK he studied the Chinese Sterrhinae of the H��ne-collection and discovered and named (but did not publish) the two new species described herein. Remarks. The manuscript-name of the new species is " ellenae " Reisser in the collections of ZFMK and SMNK., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 341-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267

Rhodostrophia stueningi sp. nov. Figs 10, 23, 34, 45, 55, 60 Description. Head. Antennae quadripectinate in male, rami covered with cilia, apex shortly filiform, flagellum of the antennae serrate ventrally (fig. 60), basal part yellowish white, longest branches of male antennae two times width of flagellum; filiform in female. Frons densely covered with reddish brown scales, slightly protruding. Labial palpus yellowish brown, suffused with reddish ventrally. Vertex yellowish white. Thorax. Patagia, tegulae and dorsal side of thorax yellowish brown. Hind tibia in male with three spurs. Forewing length: male 17���19 mm; female 16���18 mm. Forewing with apex slightly rather angled, outer margin slightly curved; hind wing with apex rounded, outer margin smooth. Wing colour yellowish brown to brown, or light greyish-brown and pale grey, transverse lines brown to blackish brown. Forewing with antemedial line not reach to costa, slightly curved in and below cell; discal spot black and small; medial line somewhat diffuse, often slightly dentate; postmedial line undulated, protruding between veins M 3 and CuA 1, sometimes indistinct and consisting of short black streaks or even spots; terminal line marked by short black streaks between veins; fringes same-colour as forewing, somewhat lighter. Hind wing with antemedial line absent, medial line smooth, diffuse, postmedial line similar to those of forewing, but less undulated. Discal spot similar to that of forewing, often more weakly developed. Underside paler, antemedial line absent, discal spot, medial and postmedial lines brown and distinct. Male genitalia (Figs 23, 34). Uncus long and stout, slightly dilated at apical half, deeply bifurcate at tip. Medial process of gnathos long triangular, with acute tip. Costa covered with a rounded lobe on inner side of apex, ventral part of valva narrow, sclerotized and forked at apex. Juxta slender. Saccus small and rounded. Aedeagus long, narrow, slightly curved, wider on terminal part accompanying with a line of small spurs; cornutus a sclerotized strip covered with spines. Eighth sternite with posterior margin bilobed, incision almost nearly ���V���- shaped (Fig. 55). Female genitalia (Fig. 45). Apophyses anteriores about two fifths as long as apophyses posteriors. Ductus bursae short, sclerotized except a small membranous gap near middle, about two thirds as long as corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis arising from anterior part of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, wider on right side, signum composed of two thin elongate sclerites connecting by a sclerotized diffuse band at base. Seventh sternite with posterior margin forming a rounded concavity. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished by combination of the the following characters: the flagellum of the antennae is dentate ventrally; the male hind tibia has three spurs; the medial lines of both wings are serrate (often indistinct); the postmedial line of both wings are protruded between veins M 3 and CuA 2. In the male genitalia, the cornutus is an elongate stripe with teeth. The seventh sternite forms a rounded concavity on the posterior margin. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae and the sclerotized part are short; the signum is composed of two elongate sclerites which are connected on base by a sclerotized diffuse band. Type material. Holotype, 6, CHINA: Yunnan (ZFMK): Li-kiang, 31.VII.1935, H. H��ne. Paratypes: Sichuan (ZFMK): 1 6, Siao-Lou. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 6, same locality as holotype, 6.V.1934, coll. H. H��ne (D. St��ning presented from ZFMK); 1♀, same locality as holotype, 27. VI.1935, coll. H. H��ne (D. St��ning presented from ZFMK). Yunnan (ZFMK): 135 6 5♀, same locality and collector as holotype, 15.V���30.V.1934, 21.IV��� 6.V.1935; 1 6, Tse-kou. Yunnan (SMNK): 26♂, Li-kiang. 19.III���28. VI.1935, coll. H. H��ne (GU 465, 6020, 5986, 5987, 186, 6021, 164, 5985, 5989) (on loan from ZFMK). Distribution. China (Shandong?, Sichuan, Yunnan). Etymology. The species is dedicated to Dr. Dieter St��ning, Bonn, Germany, who contributed greatly to the taxonomy of Geometridae. Remarks. The new species was kept under the manuscript-name ��� sinobahara ��� Reisser in the collections of ZFMK and SMNK all the time since Reisser studied the Chinese Sterrhinae at ZFMK. He loaned a number of specimens which later came to SMNK together with his complete collection. We found two male specimens of the new species labelled ���Tai-shan, 1550 m, Prov. Shantung [Shandong], China, 8.VI.1934, 13.VI.1934, coll. H. H��ne��� in ZFMK. Since most specimens are distributed in the southwest of China, and far away from Shandong, the above two male specimens are probably labelled incorrectly (D. St��ning, pers. comm.). Therefore, we do not list them with in the paratypes., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 345-347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267

Rhodostrophia jacularia (Hübner, 1813) Figs 1–2, 16, 27, 38, 48 Geometra jacularia Hübner, 1813, Samml. Eur. Schmett., 5 Geometrae (1): pl. 84, fig. 431. Syntypes, Europe. Eusarca jacularia var. minor Alhéraky, 1892, in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid., 6: 71. Syntypes 3 ♁, China: Ordosse, Taï-tou-haï near the River Oulane-morine. Rhodostrophia jacularia: Meyrick, 1892, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1892: 92. Rhodostrophia tyugui Vasilenko, 1998, Zool. Zh., 77 (10): 1138, figs, 2, 4. Type locality: Russia, Altai, South Chyua Range. Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished by the following characters: the male hind tibia has four spurs; the postmedial line of the forewing is usually brown, broad and wavy. In the male genitalia, the uncus is long and narrow, slightly dilated and bifid at tip; the valva is very broad and spinose on the ventro-terminal margin; the aedeagus is curved; the cornutus is absent. In the female genitalia, the ovipositor is spinose; the ductus bursae is straight and strongly sclerotized except the anterior part; the signum is large coat-shaped. Material examined. CHINA: Inner Mongolia (IZCAS): 2 6, Erenhot, 5.VIII, 13.VI.1971; 2 6, Abag Qi, 10.VIII.1984; 1 6, Ulanqab Meng, 14. VI.1971; 1 6, Ulanqab Meng Qianqi, 24.VII.1986, coll. Xing Jie; 2 6, Alxa Youqi, 2, 20. VI.1987; 1 6 1♀, Alxa Gulaben Management Station, 2135 m, 25–28.VII.2010, coll. Song Wenhui et al.; 2 6, Alxa, Beisi, 2070 m, 1.VIII.2010, coll. Yang Xiushuai. Gansu (IZCAS): 1 6, Yuzhong, Xinglong Shan, 2000 m, 21. VI.1987; 1♀, Lanzhou, 20.IV.1963, coll. Sun Yubin. Shanxi (ZFMK): 2 6, Mien-shan, Mittlere Höne, 1500 m, 4. VI.1937, H. Höne. Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu), Russia, northern Kazakhstan, southern Siberia (Alitai and Sajan Mts.), Mongolia to Dahuria, East-Europe. Remarks. The wings of the female are narrower than those of the male (Fig. 2)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Hubner, J. (1813) Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge. 5 Geometrae (1). Augsburg, Germany, 194 pp.","Alheraky, S. N. (1892) Lepidopteres-Rapportes de la Chine et de la Mongolie par G. N. Potanine. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les lepidopteres, 6. Imprimerie de M. M. Stassulewitch, Saint Petersbourg, pp. 1 - 82.","Meyrick, E. (1892) VI. On the classification of the European fauna. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 40 (1), 53 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1892. tb 03048. x"]}

Rhodostrophia yunnanaria (Oberthür, 1923) Figs 6, 19, 30, 41, 51 Phyletis yunnanaria Oberthür, 1923, Études Lépid. comp., 20: 277, pl. 561, fig. 4827. Syntypes including ♁, China: Yunnan, Tse-kou. Rhodostrophia yunnanaria: Prout, 1934, in Strand, Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 61: 20. Diagnosis. See R. bicolor. Material examined. CHINA: Sichuan (IZCAS): 1 6, Siao-lou, coll. R. Oberthür (D. Stüning presented from ZFMK). Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 6, Dali, Hudiequan, 16.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1 6 1♀, Li-kiang, 6.IX, 8.X.1935, coll. H. Höne (D. Stüning presented from ZFMK); 1 6, Lijiang, Yulong Xueshan, 2750 m, 16–17.V.2011, coll. Yang Xiushuai et al. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Oberthur, C. (1923) Revision iconographique des especes de Phalenites (Geometra, Linne) Enumerees et decrites par Guenee dans le volume X du Species General des Lepidopteres, publie a Paris, chez l'editeur Roret en 1857. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 20, 213 - 291.","Prout, L. B. (1934 - 1939) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Bd. 4 (Suppl.). Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 253, pls 1 - 18."]}

Rhodostrophia similata (Moore, 1888) Figs 7, 20, 31, 42, 52 Phyletis similata Moore, 1888, in Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr W.S. Atkinson, 3: 264. Syntypes ♀, India: Khasi Hills; Cherrapunji (NHM). Rhodostrophia similata: Hampson, 1895, Fauna Br. India (Moths), 3: 457. Diagnosis. See R. bicolor. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 6, Yingjiang, 1700 m, 15.IV.1980, coll. Song Shimei; 1 6, Tengchong, Xishanba, 1850 m, 21.IV.1979; 2 6 6♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24–26.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong. Distribution. China (Yunnan), India, Burma. Remarks. This species is added to the fauna of China for the first time., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Moore, F. (1888) Heterocera continued (Pyralidae, Crambidae, Geometridae, Tortricidae, Tineidae). Descriptions of New Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the Late Mr. WS Atkinson. MA, FLS & c. Part, 3, 199 - 299.","Hampson, G. F. (1895) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, (Moths), Vol. 3. Geometridae. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 546 pp."]}

Rhodostrophia bisinuata Warren, 1895 Distribution. China (Hubei, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Warren, W. (1895) New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 2, 82 - 159."]}

Rhodostrophia pelloniaria (Guenée, 1858) Figs 15, 26, 37, 47, 58 Phyletis pelloniaria Guenée, 1858, in Boisduval & Guenée, Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. gén. Lépid.), 10: 169. Holotype ♁, Indes orientales (NHM). Rhodostrophia pelloniaria: Hampson, 1895, Fauna Br. India (Moths), 3: 456. Rhodostrophia pelloniaria meonodes Prout, 1935, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4 (Suppl.): 25, pl. 4: a. Syntypes, India (northwest): Kulu (NHM). Diagnosis. The species and R. tristrigalis share the acute apex and the oblique outer margin of the forewing, but the medial line of the hind wing in R. pelloniaria is closer to the postmedial line. The posterior margin of the male eighth sternite is more slightly concave than R. tristrigalis. In the male genitalia, the terminal part of the valva is narrower than R. tristrigalis, and is not dilated; the small rounded process is absent on the ventral margin of the sacculus, while it is present in R. pelloniaria; the teeth are absent on the terminal part of the aedeagus, but present in R. pelloniaria. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is nearly all sclerotized and about as length as corpus bursae, the signum is collar-shaped. Material examined. CHINA: Tibet (IZCAS): 2♀, Nyalam, Zham, 2250 m, 18–20.V.1974, coll. Zhang Xuezhong; 2 6, Gyirong, 8.VII.1982, 13.IX.1984, coll. Li Baoming et al. Distribution. China (Tibet), India., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Guenee, A. (1858 (dated 1857 )). Uranides et Phalenites 1. In: Boisduval, M. & Guenee, A. (Eds), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Species General des Lepidopteres, 10. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 584, Atlas; pls. 1 - 22.","Hampson, G. F. (1895) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, (Moths), Vol. 3. Geometridae. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 546 pp."]}

Rhodostrophia grumaria (Alphéraky, 1892) Fig. 3 Pellonia grumaria Alphéraky, 1892, Horae Soc. ent. ross., 26 (4): 454. Holotype ♁, China: Tibet, Amdo, Sinin. Rhodostrophia grumaria: Prout, 1913, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 41. Diagnosis. The rami of the male quadripectinate antennae are much shorter than in most other species of the genus; the male hind tibia has three spurs; the colour of the forewing is pale brownish grey and whiter on the hind wing; the antemedial line of the forewing is thin and bimodal (i.e. curved outwards in cell and below cell); the discal spots on both wings are distinct; the postmedial line of the forewing is broad and slightly wavy; the postmedial line of the hind wing is distinct. Material examined. China: Tibet (ZFMK): 1 6, Thibet, Sammlung Eugen Wehrli, Eing. Nr. VII.1956. More material is available at ZFMK. Distribution. China (Qinghai, Tibet). Remarks. In the female specimens, the wings are narrow, the apex of the forewing is acutely pointed, the apex of the hind wing is rounded, the outer margin of the forewing is strongly oblique, the outer margin of both wings are faintly concave (Prout 1912 –1916)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1912 - 1916) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25."]}

Rhodostrophia bicolor Warren, 1895 Figs 5, 18, 29, 40, 50 Rhodostrophia bicolor Warren, 1895, Novit. zool., 2: 98. Syntypes ���, ♀, India: Kukli (NHM). Diagnosis. R. bicolor, R. yunnanaria and R. similata share the following characters: the flagellum of the antennae is all dentate ventrally; the male hind tibia has three spurs; the wing pattern is similar. In the male genitalia, they are similar in the following characters: the uncus is concave centrally, with a pair of small lateral processes near the subapex; the gnathos is triangular with long and acute apex; the costa is separated from the valva terminally; the apex of the valva is forked, spinose and asymmetric, the right side forms a longer digitiform process along the ventral margin. In the female genitalia, they share the following characters: the ductus bursae is long and sclerotized except the central part; the signum is collar-shaped. However, the band of the medial line of the forewing is the widest in R. bicolor; the postmedial line of the forewing is smooth in R. yunnanaria, but wavy in R. bicolor and R. similata. In the male genitalia, the apex of the costa in R. bicolor is more acute than R. yunnanaria and R. similata; the right digitiform process of the valva in R. similata is the longer than R. bicolor and R. yunnanaria; several teeth are present on the subapical part of the aedeagus in R. bicolor and R. yunnanaria, but they are absent in R. similata; the male eighth sternite in R. similata is more strongly concave than R. bicolor and R. yunnanaria. In the female genitalia, the posterior half of the ductus bursae in R. similata is broader than R. bicolor and R. yunnanaria. Material examined. CHINA: Tibet (IZCAS): 6 6, Zay��, Zhenkongqiao, 3820 m, 21���23.VIII.1973, coll. Huang Fusheng; 1♀, Zay��, Gualaqiao, 2300 m, 5.VII.1973, coll. Huang Fusheng; 1 6 12 ♀, Zay��, Five kilometers of north Guyuxiang, 3418 m, 26.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Hong; 2♀, Zay��, Zhuwagen, Sangjiu, 3580 m, 31.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Hong. Distribution. China (Tibet), India. Remarks. This species is added to the fauna of China for the first time. The wing patterns of R. bicolor have some intraspecific variations: the medial line is brown and accompanied by brown shade; the medial line is reddish with brown shade; the medial line is reddish with brown shade and the area outside the postmedial line is also reddish. All the variations occur at Zay�� of Tibet and collected in late August., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Warren, W. (1895) New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 2, 82 - 159."]}

Rhodostrophia tremiscens Prout, 1918 Rhodostrophia tremiscens Prout, 1918, Novit. zool., 25: 77. Syntypes 2 ���, China (west): Sichuan (south), Nanchuen (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is similar to R. bisinuata on external characters. However, the wings are broader and darker; the transverse lines of the wings are darker and thinner; the antemedial line of the forewing is absent, but it is distinct in R. bisinuata; the medial line of the forewing is more sinuous; the postmedial line is less wavy than in R. bisinuata (Prout (1934 ���1939), p. 25, pl. 4: b). Distribution. China (Sichuan)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1918) New species and forms of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 25, 76 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29762","Prout, L. B. (1934 - 1939) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Bd. 4 (Suppl.). Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 253, pls 1 - 18."]}

Rhodostrophia philolaches (Oberthür, 1891) Figs 11, 24, 35, 46, 56 Gnophos philolaches Oberthür, 1891, Études ent., 15: 22, pl. 3, fig. 26. Syntypes including ♁, China: Sichuan, Tachien-lu [Kangding]. Eusarca tibetaria Staudinger, 1896, Dt. ent. Z., 8: 331. Syntypes 2 ♁, China: between Lop Nor and Kuku Nor. Treated as ssp. of philolaches by Parsons et al. (1999). Syn. nov. Rhodostrophia farinosa Warren, 1897, Novit. zool., 4: 394. Syntypes 1 ♁, 1♀, Qinghai, Kuku-Nor; Sichuan, Tachien-lu [Kangding] (NHM). Rhodostrophia philolaches: Prout, 1913, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 43, pl. 3: e. Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are similar to R. stueningi sp. nov., but the wing colour varies from yellowish grey to grey; the medial line is sometimes double lines and deep brown, sometimes only one line left, sometimes nearly absent; the postmedial line of the forewing is protruding between veins R 5 and M 1, while in R. stueningi sp. nov., it is protruding between veins M 3 and CuA 2. The male and female genitalia are described under the diagnosis of R. reisseri sp. nov.. Material examined. CHINA: Ningxia (IZCAS): 3 6 1♀, Jingyuan, Hongxia linchang, 1998 m, 10.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui; 1 6, same locality as above, 1896 m, 1.VIII–29.VII.2013, coll. Jiang Nan et al. Gansu (IZCAS): 1♀, Lintan, Yangsha, Anmengou, 2600 m, 18.VII.2005, coll. Wang Hongjian; 1♀, Wushan, Anzigou, 30. VI.2000, coll. Wang Hongjian. Qinghai (IZCAS): 4 6 10 ♀, Tongren, Maixiu, 2950 m, 1.VIII–30.VII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong. Sichuan (IZCAS): 1♀, Nanping, Jiuzhaigou, 2400 m, 7.IX.1983, coll. Chai Huaicheng; 1♀, Batang, 3370 m, 16.VIII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong; 6♀, Batang, Yidun, 3350 m, 16–17.VIII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong et al.; 1 6, Batang, 3800 m, 13. VI.1936, coll. H. Höne (D. Stüning presented from ZFMK). Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♀, Deqin, 3250 m, 15.VII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong; 1 6 1♀, A-tun-tse, 4500 m, 14, 28.VIII.1936, coll. H. Höne (D. Stüning presented from ZFMK). Tibet (IZCAS): 22 6 8 ♀, Jomda, 3400 m, 26–31.VII.1976, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al.; 2 6 5♀, Zhag’yab, Gyitang, Youxi, 3600 m, 20–23.VIII.1976, coll. Han Yinheng; 1 6, Markam, Rongxi, 4000 m, 24. VI.1976, coll. Zhang Xuezhong; 2♀, Markam, Tonghai, 3250 m, 8.VIII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong. Distribution. China (Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet). Remarks. Prout (1913) considered Eusarca tibetaria as a subspecies of philolaches, and mentioned it is different from the nominate subspecies only by the more yellowish brown wing colour. After examination of of the material cited above, we found the wing colour is varied in the specimens from the same locality, e.g. Gansu (from yellowish brown to pale grey). In addition, there is no genital difference among them. Therefore, we consider tibetaria as a synonym of R. philolaches., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 348-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Oberthur, C. (1891) Nouveaux lepidopteres d'Asie. Etudes d'entomologie, 15, 7 - 25.","Staudinger, O. (1896) Beschreibungen neuer Lepidopteren aus Tibet. Deutsche entomologische Zeitscrift, 8, 1 - 386.","Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, B. R. (1999) The catalogue. In: Scoble, M. J. (Ed.), Geometrid moths of the world: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO, Collingwood, pp. 1 - 1016.","Warren, W. (1897 b) New genera and species of moths from the Old-World Regions in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 4, 378 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21182"]}

Rhodostrophia serraginaria Kaila & Viidalepp, 1996 Figs 4, 17, 28, 39, 49 Rhodostrophia serraginaria Kaila & Viidalepp, 1996, in Kaila, Viidalepp, Mikkola & Mi, Acta zool. fenn., 200: 61, figs 10–11. Holotype ♁, USSR: Kazakhstan, Zailiyskiy Alatau, Alma-Atinskij Nat. p., 1650 m., 43°5'N 77°15'E. Diagnosis. The species is very similar to R. vibicaria, it can be distinguished by the following characters: the ground colour is densely scattered with reddish brown or grey scales in R. serraginaria, but is homogenous in R. vibicaria; the shape of the forewing is narrower and more elongate than that in R. vibicaria; in the male genitalia, the distal lobe of the aedeagus is curved and slightly directed outward in R. serraginaria, but obviously directed outward and broader in R. vibicaria; the everted vesical is less rounded and smaller in R. serraginaria; in the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is bent in lthe ateral view and narrower in R. serraginaria while it is straight and broader in R. vibicaria; the corpus bursae is much smaller in R. serraginaria (Kaila & Viidalepp 1996). Material examined. CHINA: Xinjiang (IZCAS): 1♀, Zhaosu [Mongolküre], 2000 m, 21.VII.1978, coll. Han Yinheng; 1 6 2♀, Zhaosu, Alasan, 2400–2450 m, 22–24.VII.1978, coll. Zhang Xuezhong & Han Yinheng. Distribution. China (Xinjiang), Tian-Shan Mts. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia Hübner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 339-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Kaila, L., Viidalepp, J., Mikkola, K. & Mironov, V. (1996) Geometridae (Lepidoptera) from the Tian-Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, with descriptions of three new species and one new subspecies. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 200, 57 - 82."]}

Rhodostrophia tristrigalis Butler, 1889 Figs 12, 25, 36, 57 Rhodostrophia tristrigalis Butler, 1889, Illust. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera Colln Br. Mus., 7: 22, 110, pl. 137, fig. 1. Syntypes ���, ♀, India: Kangra district, Dharmsala (NHM). Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished by the following characters: the antennal flagellum is dentate ventrally; the male hind tibia contains three spurs; the apex of the forewing is acute; the outer margin of the forewing is straight; the transverse lines on the forewing are parallel to the outer margin; in the male genitalia, the apex of the costa of the valva is rounded and separated from the valva; the terminal one third of the valva is rod-like and dilated centrally without spines; a small rounded process is present on the apex of the ventral margin of the sacculus; the posterior part of the aedeagus is covered with teeth; the cornutus is absent. Females not available. Material examined. CHINA: Sichuan (ZFMK): 1 6, Ningwuan, coll. Wehrli. Tibet (IZCAS): 1 6, Bomi, Yi���ong, 2300 m, 11.VIII.1983, coll. Han Yinheng. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Tibet), India., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 349-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Butler, A. G. (1889) Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 7. Order of the Trustees, London, 124 pp., pls 121 - 138."]}

Rhodostrophia bisinuata bisinuata Warren, 1895 Figs 9, 22, 33, 44, 54 Rhodostrophia bisinuata Warren, 1895, Novit. zool., 2: 98. Holotype ♀, 'Japan' [incorrect locality], [possibly West China] (NHM). Rhodostrophia vinacearia sinensis Prout, 1913, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 43. Holotype ���, China: Moupin (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is similar to R. reisseri sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the following characters: the colour of the wings varies from pale yellowish to brown, the medial bands of all wings are sometimes thin and without shadow; a blackish brown marking is usually present on vein M 1 between the postmedial line and the outer margin of the forewing. The genitalia are quite different from R. reisseri sp. nov.: the valva is long and with a quadrate apex; the terminal part of the sacculus is separate from the valva, and forms a long digitiform process; a short spinose process is raised from the cleft of the valva and the saccular process; the apex of the aedeagus is rounded with a tooth, the vesica is partly sclerotized and wrinkle; the male eighth sternite is widely concave on the posterior margin. In the female genitalia, the anterior part of the ductus bursae is much narrower than the posterior part; the signum is composed of two small vertical bars and weakly sclerotized; the seventh sternite is broad, concave on the posterior margin, and forms a pair of narrow and curved pouch-like lateral processes on the anterior margin. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (IZCAS): 1♀, Kunming, Heilongtan, 14.V.1980; 2 6 2♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28���30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 2♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24���26.V.1992, 5��� 7.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong et al. Distribution. China (Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Warren, W. (1895) New species and genera of Geometridae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 2, 82 - 159."]}

Rhodostrophia plesiochora Prout, 1917 Rhodostrophia plesiochora Prout, 1917, Novit. zool., 24: 306. Holotype ���, China (west): Pu-tsu-fong, 9820 ft (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is very similar to R. yunnanaria, and only can be distinguished by the less rounded wings and the wavy antemedial line of the forewing (Prout (1934 ���1939), p. 24, pl. 3: i). Distribution. China (Sichuan). Remarks. Prout (1934 ���1939) mentioned R. yunnanaria is a possible more heavily marked form of R. plesiochora. Unfortunately, we have no chance to examine the specimens. The differential diagnosis of R. yunnanaria and R. plesiochora needs further attention and study., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1917) New Geometridae in the Joicey collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 108 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931709486977","Prout, L. B. (1934 - 1939) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Bd. 4 (Suppl.). Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 253, pls 1 - 18."]}

Rhodostrophia anchotera Prout, 1935 Fig. 13 Rhodostrophia anchotera Prout, 1935, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4 (Suppl.): 25, pl. 4: a. Holotype ���, China: Sichuan, S of Muli, 8850 ft (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is similar to R. acidaria Staudinger, 1892, but can be distinguished by the following characters: the male hind tibia has three spurs, but it has four spurs in R. acidaria; the antemedial line of the forewing is less sharply angled near the costa in R. anchotera than that in R. acidaria, the postmedial line of the hind wing is less sinuous (Prout 1920 ���1941). Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (ZFMK): 1 6, Li-kiang, 22.III.1935, coll. H. H��ne. More material is available at ZFMK. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan)., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u. Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitscrift, 5, 141 - 260.","Prout, L. B. (1920 - 1941) The Indoaustralian Geometridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Macrolepid. World, 12. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 356, pls. 1 - 41, 50."]}

Rhodostrophia bisinuata wilemani Prout, 1938 Rhodostrophia bisinuata wilemani Prout, 1938, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 12: 145. Syntypes 4 ���, 3♀, China: Taiwan: Rantaizan; Arizan (NHM). Diagnosis. The wings of R. bisinuata wilemani are larger than those of R. bisinuata bisinuata; the postmedial lines of the two wings are tinged with more greyish brown colour, the grey shade outside is darker terminally (Prout 1920 ���1941; Wang 1998). Distribution. China (Taiwan). Remarks. Material is available at ZFMK., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, Description of two new species of Rhodostrophia H��bner, 1823 from China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 337-353 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 343-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2601267, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1920 - 1941) The Indoaustralian Geometridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Macrolepid. World, 12. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 356, pls. 1 - 41, 50.","Wang, H. Y. (1998) Geometer Moths of Taiwan. Volume 2. Taiwan Museum, Taipei, 399 pp."]}

Rhodostrophia reisseri sp. nov. Figs 8, 21, 32, 43, 53, 59 Description. Head. Antennae quadripectinate in male, pectination covered with cilia, apex filiform, flagellum of the antennae dentate ventrally (fig. 59), longest pectination about three times width of flagellum; filiform in female. Frons yellowish brown with reddish brown scales, protruding. Labial palpus yellowish brown, suffused with reddish scales ventrally. Vertex yellowish white. Thorax. Patagia, tegulae and dorsal side of thorax yellowish brown. Hind tibia in male with three spurs. Forewing length: male 17–19 mm; female 16–18 mm. Outer margin of forewing smooth, apex slightly pointed; hind wing with rounded apex, outer margin with a small protrusion at vein M 3. Wing colour deep yellowish brown on forewing and yellowish white on hind wing, sometimes yellowish white on both wings, or with purple on forewing; transverse lines reddish brown or brown. Forewing with costa reddish brown or brown; antemedial line curved outwards below costa, then nearly straight; discal spot blackish brown and small; medial line slightly incurved on posterior half, sometimes companied with brown shadow outside; postmedial line wavy, scattered with red or brown shadow outside; terminal line blackish brown; fringes yellowish brown at base and the remaining reddish brown. Hind wing with discal spot paler than that of forewing; medial line, postmedial line, terminal line and fringes similar to those of forewing, but without shadow outside postmedial line. Underside with antemedial line and postmedial line indistinct; the remaining transverse lines similar to those of underside. Male genitalia (Figs 21, 32). Uncus long, apex dilated and setose, about one third of uncus in length, and slight bifurcate on posterior margin. Gnathos triangular with long and acute apex. Costa sigmoid at apex, and setose terminally; sacculus separate from valva at apical one third, and forming a long and curved digitiform process. Juxta slender and plate-shaped. Saccus small rounded at apex. Aedeagus straight; vesica wrinkle and slightly sclerotized without cornutus. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotized with posterior margin concave centrally (Fig. 53). Female genitalia (Fig. 43). Apophyses anteriores roughly about two fifths as long as apophyses posteriors. Surrounding of ostium sclerotized. Ductus bursae long, about as long as corpus bursae, membranous centrally, the remaining part strongly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis arising from the junction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae. Corpus bursae spherical; signum W-shaped with two vertical bars. Seventh sternite broad, concave on posterior margin, a pair of short curved pouch-like lateral processes arising from anterior margin. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: the flagellum of the antennae is dentate ventrally; the male hind tibia has three spurs; the transverse lines of the wings are reddish to reddish brown; the medial line of the forewing is slightly incurved on the posterior half with dark shadow outside; the postmedial line is sinuous, and slightly suffused with reddish colour. The male genitalia are similar to R. philolaches, but the uncus is much broader on the basal half and is more dilated subapically; the process of the sacculus is longer than in R. philolaches. The female genitalia are also similar to those of R. philolaches, but the anterior half of the ductus bursae is more strongly sclerotized; the vertical bars of the signum is shorter than those in R. philolaches. Material examined. Holotype, 6, CHINA: Yunnan (ZFMK): Yunnan (ZFMK): Lijiang, 27.VIII.1935, coll. H. Höne. Paratypes: 120 6 18♀ (ZFMK), same locality and collector as holotype, 13.VIII–30.IX.1935; 2 6 1♀ (IZCAS), Li-kiang, 4–14.IX.1935, coll. H. Höne (D. Stüning presented from ZFMK). Yunnan (SMNK): 15♂ 3♀, Li-kiang, 22.VIII–14.IX.1935, coll. H. Höne (GU 6026, 162, 6025, 6024, 6022). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The species is dedicated to the well-known lepidopterist Hans Reisser (1896–1976, Vienna, Austria), who assembled a collection of more than 100,000 specimens during his lifetime and specialized early on Geometridae-Sterrhinae. At ZFMK he studied the Chinese Sterrhinae of the Höne-collection and discovered and named (but did not publish) the two new species described herein. Remarks. The manuscript-name of the new species is " ellenae " Reisser in the collections of ZFMK and SMNK.

Aquilargilla gen. nov. Type species. Aquilargilla ceratophora sp. nov. Gender feminine. Description. Head. Antennae sub-quadripectinate (longly bipectinate with short additional branches from base, ventral side of each segment) in male; filiform in female. Forewing length: ♂ ♀ 14���16 mm. Frons slightly protruding. Vertex usually pure white. Labial palpi slightly extending beyond frons. Thorax. Male hind tibia without spurs, not dilated and without hair-pencil in male, two pairs of spurs present in female. Frenulum well developed in both sexes. Forewing with apex pointed, hind wing with apex rounded. Postmedial line wavy. Discal spots on fore- and hind wings usually black and faint. Venation. Forewing with one or two areoles within species; veins R 2���4 always from apical angle of areole, veins R 1 and R 5 distally or directly from apex; veins R 5 and R 2���4 sometimes shortly stalked. Vein M 2 closer to M 1; Veins M 3 and CuA 1 unstalked. Hind wing with veins Rs and M 1 usually short-stalked, sometimes separate and from apical of discal cell; M 3 and CuA 1 separated. Abdomen. Male 8 th tergite with posterior margin concave and forming a pair of narrow spine-like lateral processes. Male 8 th sternite with anterior margin strongly concave, cerata horn-like, arising from ventral side of mappa, mappa rounded. Male genitalia. Uncus and gnathos absent. Socii composed of a pair of small processes. Tegumen with one or two pairs of processes on inner margin. Valvula and sacculus separate. Juxta quadrate with a pair of lateral lobes. Coremata present (easily lost during preparation). Saccus concave medially. Aedeagus strongly curved; vesica with a small patch of tiny spines. Female genitalia. Papillae anales rounded. Lamella antevaginalis well developed; lamella postvaginalis not developed. Ostium sclerotized. Ductus bursae narrow. Corpus bursae large and elongate; signum with a patch of small and scobinate sclerites, pointing away from longitudinal axis. Diagnosis. The male antennae in Aquilargilla is sub-quadripectinate and uncommon in the tribe Scopulini, which is similar to Ideae serpentata (H��fnagel, 1767) of the tribe Sterrhini, but the rami in Aquilargilla are much longer. The posterior margin of the male 8 th tergite in Aquilargilla is concave and forms a pair of lateral spines; this character is also present in the type species of the genus Dithalama (D. cosmospila Meyrick, 1888). The shape of the male 8 th sternite in Aquilargilla is unique in the Scopulini, as the anterior margin is strongly concave, and the cerata are present, arising from the ventral side of the mappa. In the male genitalia, the processes on the inner side of the tegumen in Aquilargilla are atypical but not unique among the Scopulini, as a similar structure is found in Somatina mendicaria (Leech, 1897) and Dithalama. The juxta in Aquilargilla is unique in the Scopulini, as it is quadrate with a pair of lateral lobes. Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Latin dark (aquilus-) and clay (argilla), corresponding to the dark colour of the wings of the type species. The name is to be regarded as feminine. Remarks. The DNA work was attempted but failed in our study., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2018, Aquilargilla gen. nov., a new genus of Sterrhinae from China with description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 431-437 in Zootaxa 4514 (3) on page 432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2608156, {"references":["Hufnagel, J. S. (1767) Fortsetzung der Tabelle von den Nachtvogeln, welche die 3 te Art derselben, nehmlich die Spannenmesser (Phalaenas Geometras Linnaei) enthalt. Berlinisches Magazin, oder gesammlete Schriften und Nachrichten fur die Liebhaber der Arzneywissenschaft, Naturgeschichte und der angenehmen. Wissenschaften Uberhaupt, 4, 504 - 527.","Meyrick, E. (1888) Revision of Australian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2, 621 - 1113.","Leech, J. H. (1897) On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 20 (116), 65 - 111 + 228 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939708680620"]}

Aquilargilla ceratophora sp. nov. (Figs 1���2, 4���6, 10, 12) Description. Head. Antennae with dorsal side blackish grey, base diffused with white scales; sub-quadripectinate in male, pectinations about twice diameter of shaft covered with long cilia, V-shaped process arising from base of shaft with long cilia apically (Fig. 12); filiform with very shortly cilia in female. Frons black on posterior part and becoming gradually pale anteriorly. Vertex pure white. Labial palpi black dorsally, yellowish grey ventrally, slightly extending beyond frons. Thorax. Patagia yellowish brown to grey. Tegulae covered with grey coloured scales. Hind tibia not dilated, without spurs in male and with two pairs of long spurs in female. Hind tarsus in male about three-quarters of hind tibia. Forewing with apex pointed and slightly falcate, outer margin straight; hind wing with apex rounded. Wings blackish grey or greyish brown with transverse lines narrow, wavy, black and indistinct. Forewing with costa deep-coloured. Discal spots short, bar-shaped, black and indistinct; postmedial lines forming a small acute protrusion on vein M 2; fringes greyish black on all wings. Abdomen. Male 8 th tergite concave on posterior margin, with two sclerotized lateral spines (Fig. 5). Male 8 th sternite strongly elongate, strongly concave on anterior margin, cerata stout, horn-like, connected to each other at base (Fig. 6). Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Uncus and gnathos absent. Socii narrow and short, acute at apex. Tegumen flatted apically, with a pair of stout spine-like processes on inner margin. Valvula broad at basal part, narrow and digitiform at terminal part; sacculus with terminal half finger-like, sharply narrower than basal half and narrower than valvula, a short lateral process present at base of outer margin. Juxta quadrate and concave on posterior margin, with a pair of semicircular lateral lobes, covered with tiny spines on edge. Saccus developed and inflated and concave medially. Aedeagus strongly curved medially and sclerotized, anterior part broad, slightly pointed apically; cornutus a small spinulose patch. Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Papillae anales oval. Apophyses anteriores about two-thirds of apophyses posteriores in length. Lamella antevaginalis broad and wrinkled, weakly sclerotized; lamella postvaginalis not developed. Ostium strongly sclerotized. Colliculum developed. Ductus seminalis arising from posterior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae weakly sclerotized and narrow posteriorly, gradually broadened towards corpus bursae. Corpus bursae larger and oval; signum a large drop-shaped patch of small scobinate sclerites, arranged symmetrically along longitudinal axis. Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from A. basifixa by the following characters: the cerata of the male 8 th sternite are stouter apically than in A. basifixa, and the distance between the cerata is shorter in A. basifixa; in the male genitalia, the inner processes of the tegumen are single, short and stout, while A. basifixa has two pairs of inner processes of the tegumen, the posterior one is slender and the anterior is one small and rounded at tip; the aedeagus is more strongly curved than in A. basifixa; in the female genitalia, the ostium is less sclerotized in A. basifixa. Material examined. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Fujian (IZCAS): Wuyi Shan, Sangang, 700 m, 25���26.VII.2006, coll. Xie Juan (slide No. 3359). Paratypes. Hubei (IZCAS): 1 6, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1300 m, 14.VI.1993, coll. Li Hongxing; 1 6, Shennongjia, Songluo, 920 m, 31.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 2 6, Zigui, Jiulingtou, 100���150 m, 11���13.VI.1993, coll. Yao Jian; 1 6, Badong, Sanxia Linchang, 130 m, 26.VI.1993, coll. Yao Jian. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 6 1♀, Hengyang, Nanyue Linchang, 4���9.X.1980, coll. Li Jutao (slide Nos 3362 & 3363). Fujian (IZCAS): 2 6, Sangang, 20.VIII.1979, 3.VII.1982, coll. Song Shimei & Qi Shicheng; 1 6, Wuyi, 4.VII.1982, coll. Jiang Fan. Guangdong (IZCAS): 3 6 1♀, Renhua, Danxia Shan, 130 m, 28���29.V.2013, coll. Cheng Rui. Fujian (ZFMK): 2 6 2♀, Kuatun, 2300 m, 27. 40n. Br. 117. 40��. L. 27.V.1938, 29.V.1938, 26.VI.1938, 22.VI.1946, J. Klapperich & H. H��ne (Fukien). Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of Greek word ceratophorus, 'horn bearing', which relates to the horn-like spurs on the posterior margin of the male 8 th sternite., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2018, Aquilargilla gen. nov., a new genus of Sterrhinae from China with description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 431-437 in Zootaxa 4514 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2608156

Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong, Jiang, Nan (2018): Aquilargilla gen. nov., a new genus of Sterrhinae from China with description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Zootaxa 4514 (3): 431-437, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.8

Aquilargilla basifixa sp. nov. (Figs 3, 7���9, 11) Description. This new species is externally almost identical to A. ceratophora. Male 8 th sternite with cerata slender horn-like. Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Uncus and gnathos absent. Socii small and narrow, acute at apex. Tegumen with two pairs of processes on inner margin, posterior one slender and acute at tip, anterior one small and rounded at tip. Valvula and sacculus digitiform at terminal half; a short finger-like process present at base of valva. Juxta broad and quadrate, concave on posterior margin, with a pair of semicircular lobes on lateral side with spines on edge. Saccus inflated, concave medially. Aedeagus slightly curved, cornuti weak. Female genitalia (Fig. 11). Papillae anales oval. Apophyses anteriores about two-thirds of apophyses posteriores in length. Lamella antevaginalis rounded and wrinkled. Ostium weakly sclerotized. Colliculum narrow. Ductus seminalis arising from posterior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae partly sclerotized posteriorly, widening gradually. Corpus bursae oval; signum drop-shaped composed of small and scobinate sclerites opposed to longitudinal axis. Diagnosis. See under Aquilargilla ceratophora sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Sichuan (IZCAS): 1 6, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 15��� 17.IX.1957, coll. Lu Youcai (slide No. 5297). Paratypes. Gansu (IZCAS): 2 6 2♀, Wenxian, Tielou, 1450 m, 24.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong (slide No. 3815); 2♀, Chengxian, Feilongxia, 1020 m, 4.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian (slide No. 3361). Sichuan (IZCAS): 13 6, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 17���30.VI.1957, 15���17.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing et al.; 2 6, Wanxian, Wang���erbao, 1200 m, 11.VIII.1993, coll. Song Shimei (slide No. 5298); 3 6, Guanxian, Qingcheng Shan, 700���1000 m, 23.V.1979, 4.VI.1979, coll. Shang Jinwen & Gao Ping (slide No. 5299); 1 6, Luding, Moxi, 1550 m, 12.IX.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong (slide No. 3360). Sichuan (ZFMK): 1 6, Chasseurs Indig��nes des Missionnaires de T��-tsien-Lo��, 1906; 1♀, de T��-tsien-Lo��, �� Mou-Pin, Mai, Juin, 1892, Chasseurs Thib��tains; 1♀, Siao-Lou, 1900, Chasseurs Indig��nes. Chongqing (IZCAS): 1 6, Youyang, Taohuayuan scenic spot, 983 m, 26.V.2017, coll. Li Henan (slide No. 5300). Distribution. China (Gansu, Sichuan, Chongqing). Remarks. A male specimen labeled ���Tschang Tang, Tibet ��� From ZFMK (1 6, Tibet, Tschang-Tang, Dsagar- Berge, 4500 m, Juli, ex coll. Wehrli, 17/55.) has clearly different antennae and male genitalia. It should be treated as another new species of Aquilargilla (D. St��ning, pers. comm.). However, since the single specimen is in bad condition and the locality is dubious, more specimens need to be collected and studied to enable it to be described in future. Etymology. The species is named on the basis of Latin word basifixus, which relates to the processes arising from the base of the tegumen., Published as part of Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2018, Aquilargilla gen. nov., a new genus of Sterrhinae from China with description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), pp. 431-437 in Zootaxa 4514 (3) on pages 433-436, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2608156

Problepsis stueningi sp. nov. Figs 4, 5, 33, 54, 75, 94 Description. Head: Antennae bipectinate in male, pectinations slightly longer than diameter of shaft, filiform at terminal one-fifth; filiform in female; dorsal surface greyish brown to blackish grey, black basally, pectination yellowish brown to dark brown in male. Frons and vertex black, frons sparsely diffused with white on ventral surface. Labial palpus blackish brown, suffused with yellowish white ventrally. Thorax: Patagia, tegulae and thorax white. Hind tarsus about one-third length of tibia in male. Forewing length: male 15–18 mm; female 16–17 mm. Wings ground color white. Forewing diffused with dark grey scales on costal area between base and postmedial line; ocellus almost oval, yellowish brown with a complete silvery inner ring and two wedge-shaped black patches on both sides of CuA1; a small rounded yellowish brown marking present behind ocellus, extending to anal margin, with silvery scales; postmedial line arched, pale yellowish brown; submarginal line composed of two rows of cloud-like grey spots, inner ones larger and more distinct than outer ones; terminal line grey; fringes white, mixed with grey on terminal half. Hind wing with a kidney-shaped yellowish brown ocellus, with a complete silvery ring; a small rounded yellowish brown marking present behind ocellus, mostly covered with slivery scales, extending to anal margin, sometimes confluent with ocellus; postmedial line parallel with outer margin, pale yellowish brown. Underside with costa yellowish brown to dark greyish brown, not extending towards behind; principal markings showing through faintly from upperside; ocellus without greyish brown scales and two wedge-shaped black markings visible; postmedial line invisible. Abdomen. First and second abdominal segment white dorsally, remaining segments grey. Male genitalia: Tegumen almost triangular at apex, without spines on internal margin. Socii terminally fused, narrow and digitate. Outer margin of valvula protruding outwards in a triangular shape and irregularly dentate at apex of protrusion; sacculus narrow and curved. Juxta forming an inverted tongue-like lobe with rounded apex, anterior margin concaved centrally, free from sacculus. Aedeagus with coecum penis dilated, short than aedeagus, manica with a small patch of teeth and a sclerotized band at apex; vesica with one triangular and one semicircular cornuti, and one sclerotized band. Anterior margin of eighth sternite bifurcate, forming two broad and rounded lateral protrusions and one large process centrally with square apex. Female genitalia: Lamella postvaginalis semicircle, fused to ductus bursae, with a small ring-like process on each lateral side. Ductus bursae stout, width slightly shorter than length, straight and sclerotized; a trapeziform sclerite on dorsal side of anterior part of ductus bursae extending to corpus bursae, with two acute processes slightly extending outwards. Corpus bursae spheric, membranous; signum an elliptic patch of separate spines, situated on left side. Diagnosis. See P. eucircota. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Gansu (IZCAS): Wenxian, Bikou protect station, 645 m, 11.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04616. Paratypes: CHINA: Henan (IZCAS): 11 ♂, Xinyang, Jigong Shan, 250 m, 20–21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04612. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Shangnan, Jinsixia, 777 m, 23–25.VII.2013, coll. Cui Le et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04620; 12 ♂, Xunyang, Bailiu, Jinxinyuan Shanzhuang, 386 m, 1–3.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04606, 0 4618, 04619; 1 ♂, Nanzheng, Liping, 1540 m, 27–30.VII.2017, coll. Li Henan. Gansu (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Wenxian, Liujiaping, 2100 m, 27.VI.1998, coll. Yao Jian, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04617; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou, 620 m, 15– 16.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang et al.; 1 ♂, Chengxian, Feilongxia, 1020 m, 4.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04614; 2 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou protect station, 645 m, 6–7.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04585, 04602; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou Bifenggou, 720 m, 8–10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1♀, Tienmu Shan, VI.1936, coll. O. Piel; 2 ♂ 1♀, Lin’an, West Tianmu Shan, 400 m, 26–27., 30.VII.2003, coll. Xue Dayong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03405. Hubei (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Badong, 1450 m, 19.V.1989, coll. Li Wei; 1 ♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1280–1350 m, 14.VI.–17.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 3 ♂, Yunxi, Guanyinzhen, 289–305 m, 4–5.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al.; 2 ♂, Yingshan, Taohuachong, 590 m, 23– 27.VI.2014, coll. Jiang Nan et al.; 2 ♂, Luotian, Qingtaiguan, 560 m, 1–4.VII.2014, coll. Cui Le et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04613. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Jiulian Shan, 14, 29.VI.1975, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 1 ♂, Jinggang Shan, 5.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Changsha, 21.VI.1988, coll. Zuo Yuxiang; 1 ♂, Mang Shan, 20.VII.1981; 1 ♂, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4–8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1 ♂, Guidong, Sidu, 774 m, 9– 12.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1 ♂, Shimen, Hupingshan, Shenjingzhai, 444 m, 19.X.2014, coll. Zhao Kaidong; 1 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitianba, 370 m, 31.VII.2009, 5.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 3 ♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuan, Wenfeng, 350 m, 2015. IX.17, coll. Zhao Kaidong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04672; 1 ♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuan, Huanglonglu, 348 m, 18.IX.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong. Fujian (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Chong’an Xingcun, Caodun, 250–280 m, 11.VI.1960, coll. ZhangYiran; 6 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Sangang (Chong’an, Xingcun, Sangang), 700 m, 24.V.1960, 1.X.1981, 1.VII.1982, 4.VI.1983, 19.VII.1983, 9.VII.2006, coll. Zhang yiran et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04609; 2 ♂, Jiangle, Longqi Shan, 650 m, 13, 21.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Meihuashan, Yunshan Station, 459 m, 18.VII.2013, coll. Xue Dayong. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, 22– 26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Guilin, Yanshan, 200 m, 12.VII.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 1 ♂, Mao’er Shan, Gaozhai, 448 m, 13–15.VIII.2012, coll. Yang Chao et al. Sichuan (IZCAS): 5 ♂, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 22.IV.–25.VII.1957, 16–19.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04622, 04623; 1 ♂, Fengdu Shiping, 610 m, 5.X.1994, coll. Song Shimei; 4 ♂, Wanxian, Wang’erbao, 1200 m, 12.VIII.1993, coll. Song Shimei, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04608; 1 ♂, Jianyang, Huaiyuan, 350 m, 7.V.1994, coll. Zhou Ji (presented by insect specimen room of Nankai University), IZCAS slide no. Geom-04621. Chongqing (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Chengkou, 27.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui; 4 ♂, Chengkou, Daba Shan, Qinglongxia, 950 m, 28.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jiangkou, Fanjing Shan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei. Gansu (ZFMK): 1♀, Kansu orient., Hweisi, Tsinlingschan montes occ., 1500 m, May. Zhejiang (ZFMK): 2 ♂, West-Tien-Mu-Shan, 1600m, 22.VIII.1932, 24.IX.1932, coll. H. Höne; 1 ♂, Wenchow, VI.1939, coll. H. Höne; 5 ♂ 1♀, Mokanshan, 30.viii.1926, 1930, coll. H. Höne. Hunan (ZFMK): 7 ♂, Hoeng-Shan, 900 m, V–VII., IX., XI.1933, coll. H. Höne. Fujian (ZFMK): 6 ♂ 1♀, Kuatun, 2300m, 27,40 n. Br./ 117,40 ö.L., IV–VII.1938, coll. H. Höne. Guangdong (ZFMK): 1 ♂, without data. Chongqing (ZFMK): 1 ♂, Chungking, Sept. 1941, Dr. Noll. Sichuan (ZFMK): 1 ♂ 1♀, Ningwuan, 1933, coll. Wehrli; 1♀, Tibet, Tschang Tang, Dsagar Berge, 4500 m, Juli. Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou). Etymology. The species is dedicated to Dr. Dieter Stüning, Bonn, Germany, who contribute greatly to the taxonomy of Geometridae.

Problepsis albidior Warren, 1899 Figs 1, 31, 52, 73, 92 Problepsis albidior Warren, 1899a, Novit. zool., 6: 33. Syntypes, India: Kulu. Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished by the following characters: the male antenna is bipectinate, and filiform at terminal one-fourth, the pectinations are about three times the diameter of the shaft; the vertex is black; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-third to two-fifths the length of the tibia; the ocellus of the forewing is rounded, consists of a silvery inner ring, two short slivery lines, and two small black patches on both sides of CuA1; the ocellus of the hind wing is oval, white centrally encircled by greyish brown scales and a slivery ring. In the male genitalia, the fused socii are short and conoid; the apex of the tegumen has acute spines on the internal margin; the valvula and sacculus are narrow and long, the apex of the latter is hook-like; the aedeagus is bifurcate at terminal half, and one of the projection has several small teetch at apex; the cornuti are absent on the vesica. In the female genitalia, the right side of the anterior part of the ductus dursae is connected with the middle sclerite of the signum. Material examined. CHINA: Gansu (IZCAS): 1♀, Wenxian, Bikou, 620 m, 15���16.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang et al.; 1 ♂ 1♀, Wenxian, Bikou conservation station, 645 m, 6���7.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04590, 0 4591. Anhui (IZCAS): 1♀, Huang Shan, 6.IX.2006, coll. Zhang Yanzhuo. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Hangzhou, 27.V.1976, 28.VI.1976, coll. Chen Ruijin; 1♀, Ningpo, VI.1941. Hubei (IZCAS): 1♀, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 670 m, 22.VI.1993, coll. Yao Jian; 1♀, Shennongjia, Guanmenshan, 1240 m, 23.VII.1998, coll. He Junjian. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Mang Shan, 2.VII.1981; 2♀, Yizhang, 20.VI.1981, 21.IX.1981; 1 ♂ 5♀, Changsha, 11.VI.1956. Fujian (IZCAS): 1♀, Wuyi Shan, Tongmu, 27.VII.1979, coll. Song Shimei; 1♀, Wuyi Shan, Sangang, 700 m, 29.V.2006, coll. Wang Jiashe; 1♀, Longyan, Gutian, 8.VII.2012, coll. Wang Zhibo et al. (presented by insect specimen room of Nankai University). Guangdong (IZCAS): 1♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 365���401 m, 22���26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Hainan (IZCAS): 6 ♂, Ledong, Jianfengling, 934 m, 27.VIII.1981, 14���17.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing et al.; 3 ♂ 1♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 810���982 m, 30.III.2008, 23���26.XI.2008, 12���13.V.2013, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03424, 03425; 1 ♂ 1♀, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 3.V.2007, 30.III.2008, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04592; 1 ♂, Wuzhi Shan, Shuiman, 730���900 m, 9.V.2007, coll. Lang songyun; 1 ♂, Wuzhi Shan, 727 m, 6.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1 ♂, Bawangling, Dongliu Linchang, 630���750 m, 20.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing. Guangxi (IZCAS): 3♀, Guilin, Yanshan, 19.VI.1984, 11, 25.VI.1985, coll. Li Tianshan; 1 ♂, Mao���er Shan, Gaozhai, 448 m, 13���15.VIII.2012, coll. Yang Chao. Sichuan (IZCAS): 3 ♂, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 17���18.VII.1957, 19.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03426; 3 ♂, Xichang, 29.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, Dukou, 22.VIII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Fengdu, Shiping, 610 m, 5.X.1994, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Dechang, Dezhou, Daping, 1530 m, 21���23.VIII.2016, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Yangbi, Yuejin, 1500 m, 29.VII.1980; 3 ♂, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11���13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04589. Tibet (IZCAS): 1♀, M��dog, Yarang, 1091 m, 20���23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04595. Distribution. China (Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Japan, India, Indonesia., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 103-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Warren, W. (1899 a) New species and genera of the family Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae and Geometridae from the Old World regions. Novitates Zoologicae, 6, 1 - 66."]}

Problepsis batangnensis sp. nov. Figs 9, 37, 58, 79, 97 Description. Head: Antennae bipectinate in male, pectination short, as long as diameter of shaft; filiform in female; dorsal surface black, blackish grey or dark yellowish brown, pectination blackish grey to yellowish brown in male. Frons and vertex black, frons sparsely diffused with white on ventral surface. Labial palpus blackish brown, suffused with yellowish white ventrally. Thorax: Patagia, tegulae and dorsal side of thorax white, ventral side of thorax dark grey. Hind tarsus about two-sevenths to three-sevenths length of tibia in male. Forewing length: male 17���19 mm; female 17���19 mm. Wings ground color greyish white. Forewing diffused with dark greyish brown scales on costal area between base and postmedial line; ocellus almost oval, posterior half part narrower than anterior half part, inner margin concaved centrally, outer margin often forming two small protrusions at M2 and M3, dark greyish brown; sparse silvery scales present on ocellus, not forming a ring, inside with sparse black scales; a small rounded dark greyish brown marking present behind ocellus, covered with black and silvery scales, fusing to ocellus and extending to anal margin; postmedial line narrow, arched and incurved between M veins, situated close to submarginal spots; submarginal line composed of two rows of cloud-like grey spots, outer ones more continuous; terminal line greyish brown, forming black spots among veins above M2; fringes mostly grey to dark grey. Hind wing with a ocellus, posterior half part broader than anterior half part, greyish brown, outer margin forming one protrusion centrally; sparse silvery and black scales covered on ocellus; marking behind ocellus similar to that of forewing, but without black scales; other transverse lines similar to those of forewing. Underside with costa dark greyish brown; principal markings dark grey, similar to those of upperside. Abdomen. Dorsal surface dark grey. Male genitalia: Tegumen slightly protruding at apex, without spines on internal margin. Socii fused at apex, stout and setose. Valvula strongly curved, very broad at base half, tapered and actue at apex; sacculus spine-like and curved at apex. Juxta forming an inverted triangular lobe, anterior margin concaved centrally, fused to sacculus. Saccus broad and rounded at apex. Aedeagus narrow, bifurcate, with several thorns on one terminal part, coecum penis dilated; vesica with a semicircular cornutus and a narrow and long sclerotized band. Anterior margin of eighth sternite bifurcate, forming two square lateral protrusions and one large central process with actue apex. Female genitalia: Lamella postvaginalis fan-shaped, fused to ductus bursae, with a small concaved frill on each lateral side. Ductus bursae stout and short, sclerotized, width about one-half of all length; a triangular sclerite on ventral side of anterior part of ductus bursae extending to corpus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, often membranous; signum an oval patch of partly fused spines, central part longitudinal band-like, situated on dorsal surface of right side, separate from ductus bursae. Diagnosis. See the above species. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Sichuan (IZCAS): Batang, Xiaqiong, 2662 m, 28���29.VII.2014, coll. Pan Xiaodan. Paratypes. CHINA: Sichuan (IZCAS): 12 ♂ 5♀, same as holotype, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04566, 04567; 4 ♂ 2♀, Batang, 1974, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03415, 03416; 2 ♂ 2♀, Xiangcheng, 2841 m, 9.VIII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui,, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04673. Sichuan (ZFMK): 2 ♂ 6♀, Batang, Im Tal des Yangtze, 2800 m, VI���IX, H. H��ne; 8 ♂, Untere Urwaldzone, 3800 m, IX.���X.1936, H. H��ne. Distribution. China (Sichuan). Etymology. From the Latin word batangensis, referring to type locality. Remarks. Specimens collected from lower elevation ("Tal des Yangtze" means "bottom of Yangtze valley") are slighly smaller and lighter, the three females collected from June and July are worn, i.e. at the end of their flight period. Specimens collected from August and September is fresh, i.e. next generation. All males from higher elevation from September and October are slightly larger and with stronger, darker pattern, fresh, i.e. probably also second generation (D. St��ning, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157

Problepsis shirozui Inoue, 1986 Figs 27, 28, 50, 71, 90 Problepsis shirozui Inoue, 1986, Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 22: 224, figs 17, 18a. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Taipei Hsien, Wulai (NHM). Diagnosis. See under P. discophora and P. superans (Butler, 1885). Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: (NHM): N. Formosa [Taiwan], Wulai, 8.VII.1961, coll. T. Shirozn, NHM slide no. 16489, Inoue Coll. B.M. 1992–71. Material examined. CHINA: Jiangxi (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Dayu, 500 m, 13–16.VIII.1985, coll. Song Shimei et al. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Yizhang, 19.VIII.1981. Fujian (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jiangle, 800 m, 14.IX.1990, coll. Yang Bin. Hainan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jianfengling, 30.I.1982, coll. Lin Youdong; 1 ♂, Baisha, Yinggeling, Nankai, Mohao, 336 m, 15–16.IV.2010, coll. Jiang Nan. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jinxiu, Jinzhong Gonglu, 1100 m, 11.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang; 2 ♂, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 14.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang; 2 ♂, Huanjiang, Yangmei’ao, 1189 m, 18–22.VII.2015, coll. Jiang Nan et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03400. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 580 m, 6.IX.1993, coll. Yang Longlong. Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan)., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Inoue, H. (1986) Further new and unrecorded species of the Geometridae from Taiwan with some synonymic notes (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Faculty of Domestic Sciences, Otsuma Woman's University, 22, 211 - 267, 67 figs.","Butler, A. G. (1885) Descriptions of Moths new to Japan, collected by Messrs. Lewis and Pryer. Cistula Entomologica, 3 (29), 113 - 136."]}

Problepsis discophora Fixsen, 1887 Problepsis discophora Fixsen, 1887, in Romanoff, M��m. L��pid., 3: 348, pl. 15, fig. 4. Syntypes ♀, Korea. Problepsis superans coreana Bryk, 1949, Ark. Zool., 41A (1): 161, pl. 7, fig. 4. Holotype ♂, Korea: Shuotsu. Problepsis changmei Yang, 1978, Moths of North China, 2: 331, pl. 15, fig. 1. Holotype ♂, China, Beijing, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen. Syn. Nov., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Fixsen, C. (1887) Lepidopter aus Korea. In: Romanoff, N. M, Memoires sur les Lepidopteres. Vol. 3. Imprimerie de M. M. Stassulewitch, St. - Petersbourg, pp. 233 - 365.","Bryk, F. (1949) Zur Kenntnis der Gross-Schmetterlinge von Korcea. Pars II. Arkiv for Zoologi, 41 A (1), 1 - 225, 7 pls.","Yang, C. Z. (1978) Moths of North China. Vol. 2. Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, 227 pp. [pp. 301 - 527"]}

Problepsis vulgaris Butler, 1889 Figs 6, 34, 55, 76, 95 Problepsis vulgaris Butler, 1889, Illust. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera Colln Br. Mus., 7: 7, 43, pl. 125, fig. 2. Syntypes, India: Kangra (NHM). Problepsis attenuata Warren, 1909, Novit. zool., 16: 126. Holotype ♂, India (south): Merkara (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is similar to P. paredra Prout, 1917 in the following characters: the ocellus of the forewing is inverted pyriform, the posterior part is narrower than the anterior part, the outer margin is protruding outwards centrally and concaved between M veins; the ocellus of the hind wing is similar to that of the forewing, but it is pyriform; the internal margin of the tegumen of the male genitalia is strongly dentate; the aedeagus has a patch of small teeth at apex, the vesica has sclerotized bands; the central process of the male eighth sternite is very short and not dilated at apex; the lamella postvaginalis of the female genitalia is merged with the ductus bursae. However, the species can be distinguished from P. paredra by the following characters: the pectinations of the male are longer than twice the diameter of the shaft, while those are slightly longer than the diameter of the shaft in P. paredra; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-half the length of the tibia, while in P. paredra, it is about one-third or shorter than one-third the length of the tibia. In the male genitalia, the fused socii is shorter than P. paredra, the valvula is narrower than the sacculus, but it is about equal in width with the sacculus in P. paredra. In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is much narrower, the length of the ductus bursae are more than twice of its width, while in P. paredra, the length of ductus bursae is less than twice of its width in female genitalia. Material examined. CHINA: Guangdong (IZCAS): 1♀, 80km southwest of Guangzhou, Dinghu Shan, 21.VII.1956, coll. A.K. Zaguljaev, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03419; 2 ♂, Guangzhou, Shipai, 20.VIII.1958, 19.IX.1958, coll. Wang Linyao, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03418; 1♀, Lianping, 12.V.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 2♀, Conghua, 5.X.1983, coll. Xie Zhenlun; 16 ♂, Heshan, 9���10.X.2002, 17���18.XII.2002, coll. Zhang Binglan et al. (presented by Insect Collection of Nankai University); 3 ♂, Fengkai, Heishiding, 198 m, 24���25.V.2013, coll. Cheng Rui; 1♀, Zhanjiang, Donghai Island, Dongjian, 20 m, 28.IV.2014, coll. Li Xinxin. Hainan (IZCAS): 1♀, Wanning, 60 m, 13.VII.1963, coll. Zhang Baolin. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Longzhou, 140 m, 25.IV.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 1 ♂, Guilin, 150 m, 16.VII.1976, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, Nanning, 26.X.1981, coll. Wang Jijian; 2 ♂, Wuzhou, 2.XI.1988; 1 ♂ 1♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 200 m, 24���26.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu et al.; 1♀, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900 m, 18.V.1999, coll. Zhang Xuezhong; 1 ♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18.VI.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu; 2 ♂ 2♀, Beihai, Weizhou Island, Dishui, 45 m, 22.IV.2014, coll. Li Xinxin. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Menglong, Banna, Mengsong, 1600 m, 22.IV.1958, coll. Meng Xuwu; 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, 1200���1600 m, 19.VII.1958, coll. Wang Shuyong; 2 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 27.VIII.1958, 1.IX.1958, coll. Wang Shuyong et al.; 1 ♂, Shilin, 12.VII.1982, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Yangbi, Shangjie Linchang, 1650 m, 28.VIII.1980; 1♀, Baoshan, Bawan, 1 0 40 m, 8���10.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03421; 2 ♂, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11���13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03420; 2 ♂, Lushui, Liuku, Laimao, 18.IX.2014, coll. Liuhong. Tibet (IZCAS): 28 ♂ 5♀, Zay��, Cawarong, 1937 m, 11��� 15.IX.2014, coll. Liu Hong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03414, 0 3422, 0 3423. Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Butler, A. G. (1889) Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Part 7. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, iv + 124 pp., 18 pls.","Warren, W. (1909) New species of Thyrididae, Uraniidae and Geometridae from the Oriental Region. Novitates Zoologicae, 16, 123 - 128.","Prout, L. B. (1917) On new and insufficiently known indo-australian Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 24, 293 - 317."]}

Problepsis phoebearia Erschov, 1870 Figs 24���26, 48, 49, 69, 70, 89, 106 Problepsis phoebearia Erschov, 1870, Trudy russk. ent. Obshch., 4: 164, 197. [Replacement name for deliaria Bremer.] Argyris deliaria Bremer, 1864, M��m. Acad. Sci. St. P��tersb., (7) 8 (1): 79, pl. 7, fig. 3. Syntypes, Russia: East Siberia, Bureja Mountains; lower Ussuri. [Junior primary homonym of Argyris deliaria Guen��e, 1858.] Diagnosis. See under P. discophora kardakoffi. Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 3 ♂ (IZCAS), Yichun, 8.VII.1956, 10.VIII.1956, 31.VII.1957, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03384; 11 ♂ 2♀ (IZCAS), Yichun, Dailing, 390 m, 16.VI.1956, 7.VII.1956, 29.VI.��� 20.VIII.1957, 2���16.VII.1962, coll. Bai Jiuwei et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04576; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Pingshan, 11.VII.2007, coll. Lang Jin; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Muling, Daimagou, 28.VI.2007, coll. Li Chengde; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Harbin, Laoyeling, 24���25.VII. 2008, coll. Han Huilin et al. Jilin: 2 ♂ (IZCAS), Changbai Shan, 3���9.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03411; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Wangqing, Tianqiaoling, 5.VIII.2007, coll. Han Huilin et al. Beijing (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, 1100 m, 7��� 8.VII.2014, coll. Cheng Rui, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04577. RUSSIA (IZCAS): 1 ♂, S. Primorje, vic. Spank, 200 m, 20.VIII.1989 (presented by D. St��ning); 1 ♂, Amur region, Maliy khingan Mts, 500 m, VII.1992 (presented by D. St��ning), IZCAS slide no. Geom-03410. Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing), Southeast Russia, North Korea. Remarks. In our study, we found the species and P. discophora only show some differences on the shape of ocellus. Besides, we also found one male specimen from Beijing (figs 24, 49, 70) shows a transition between the two species: the ocellus of the forewing is fused to the posterior small marking, smooth on the inner margin, and forms a small protrusion on the outer margin, not reaching the postmedial line; the ocellus of the hind wing is similar to that of P. phoebearia. Therefore we suspect P. phoebearia and P. discophora maybe the same species., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Erschov, A. (1870) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Russian Empire. Trudy Russkago Entomologischeshkago Obschestva, 4, 139 - 204.","Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost-sibiriens, insbesondere des Amur-landes, gesammelt von den Herrn G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Series 7, 8 (1), 1 - 103, pls. 1 - 8.","Guenee, M. A. (1858) Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, M. A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes (Species General des Lepidopteres). Vol. 10. Roret, Paris, 584 pp., 22. pls"]}

Problepsis stueningi sp. nov. Figs 4, 5, 33, 54, 75, 94 Description. Head: Antennae bipectinate in male, pectinations slightly longer than diameter of shaft, filiform at terminal one-fifth; filiform in female; dorsal surface greyish brown to blackish grey, black basally, pectination yellowish brown to dark brown in male. Frons and vertex black, frons sparsely diffused with white on ventral surface. Labial palpus blackish brown, suffused with yellowish white ventrally. Thorax: Patagia, tegulae and thorax white. Hind tarsus about one-third length of tibia in male. Forewing length: male 15���18 mm; female 16���17 mm. Wings ground color white. Forewing diffused with dark grey scales on costal area between base and postmedial line; ocellus almost oval, yellowish brown with a complete silvery inner ring and two wedge-shaped black patches on both sides of CuA1; a small rounded yellowish brown marking present behind ocellus, extending to anal margin, with silvery scales; postmedial line arched, pale yellowish brown; submarginal line composed of two rows of cloud-like grey spots, inner ones larger and more distinct than outer ones; terminal line grey; fringes white, mixed with grey on terminal half. Hind wing with a kidney-shaped yellowish brown ocellus, with a complete silvery ring; a small rounded yellowish brown marking present behind ocellus, mostly covered with slivery scales, extending to anal margin, sometimes confluent with ocellus; postmedial line parallel with outer margin, pale yellowish brown. Underside with costa yellowish brown to dark greyish brown, not extending towards behind; principal markings showing through faintly from upperside; ocellus without greyish brown scales and two wedge-shaped black markings visible; postmedial line invisible. Abdomen. First and second abdominal segment white dorsally, remaining segments grey. Male genitalia: Tegumen almost triangular at apex, without spines on internal margin. Socii terminally fused, narrow and digitate. Outer margin of valvula protruding outwards in a triangular shape and irregularly dentate at apex of protrusion; sacculus narrow and curved. Juxta forming an inverted tongue-like lobe with rounded apex, anterior margin concaved centrally, free from sacculus. Aedeagus with coecum penis dilated, short than aedeagus, manica with a small patch of teeth and a sclerotized band at apex; vesica with one triangular and one semicircular cornuti, and one sclerotized band. Anterior margin of eighth sternite bifurcate, forming two broad and rounded lateral protrusions and one large process centrally with square apex. Female genitalia: Lamella postvaginalis semicircle, fused to ductus bursae, with a small ring-like process on each lateral side. Ductus bursae stout, width slightly shorter than length, straight and sclerotized; a trapeziform sclerite on dorsal side of anterior part of ductus bursae extending to corpus bursae, with two acute processes slightly extending outwards. Corpus bursae spheric, membranous; signum an elliptic patch of separate spines, situated on left side. Diagnosis. See P. eucircota. Type material. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Gansu (IZCAS): Wenxian, Bikou protect station, 645 m, 11.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04616. Paratypes: CHINA: Henan (IZCAS): 11 ♂, Xinyang, Jigong Shan, 250 m, 20���21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04612. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Shangnan, Jinsixia, 777 m, 23���25.VII.2013, coll. Cui Le et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04620; 12 ♂, Xunyang, Bailiu, Jinxinyuan Shanzhuang, 386 m, 1���3.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04606, 0 4618, 04619; 1 ♂, Nanzheng, Liping, 1540 m, 27���30.VII.2017, coll. Li Henan. Gansu (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Wenxian, Liujiaping, 2100 m, 27.VI.1998, coll. Yao Jian, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04617; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou, 620 m, 15��� 16.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang et al.; 1 ♂, Chengxian, Feilongxia, 1020 m, 4.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04614; 2 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou protect station, 645 m, 6���7.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04585, 04602; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou Bifenggou, 720 m, 8���10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1♀, Tienmu Shan, VI.1936, coll. O. Piel; 2 ♂ 1♀, Lin���an, West Tianmu Shan, 400 m, 26���27., 30.VII.2003, coll. Xue Dayong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03405. Hubei (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Badong, 1450 m, 19.V.1989, coll. Li Wei; 1 ♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1280���1350 m, 14.VI.���17.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 3 ♂, Yunxi, Guanyinzhen, 289���305 m, 4���5.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al.; 2 ♂, Yingshan, Taohuachong, 590 m, 23��� 27.VI.2014, coll. Jiang Nan et al.; 2 ♂, Luotian, Qingtaiguan, 560 m, 1���4.VII.2014, coll. Cui Le et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04613. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Jiulian Shan, 14, 29.VI.1975, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 1 ♂, Jinggang Shan, 5.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Changsha, 21.VI.1988, coll. Zuo Yuxiang; 1 ♂, Mang Shan, 20.VII.1981; 1 ♂, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4���8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1 ♂, Guidong, Sidu, 774 m, 9��� 12.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1 ♂, Shimen, Hupingshan, Shenjingzhai, 444 m, 19.X.2014, coll. Zhao Kaidong; 1 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitianba, 370 m, 31.VII.2009, 5.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 3 ♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuan, Wenfeng, 350 m, 2015. IX.17, coll. Zhao Kaidong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04672; 1 ♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuan, Huanglonglu, 348 m, 18.IX.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong. Fujian (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Chong���an Xingcun, Caodun, 250���280 m, 11.VI.1960, coll. ZhangYiran; 6 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Sangang (Chong���an, Xingcun, Sangang), 700 m, 24.V.1960, 1.X.1981, 1.VII.1982, 4.VI.1983, 19.VII.1983, 9.VII.2006, coll. Zhang yiran et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04609; 2 ♂, Jiangle, Longqi Shan, 650 m, 13, 21.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Meihuashan, Yunshan Station, 459 m, 18.VII.2013, coll. Xue Dayong. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Shixing, Chebaling, 365���401 m, 22��� 26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Guilin, Yanshan, 200 m, 12.VII.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 1 ♂, Mao���er Shan, Gaozhai, 448 m, 13���15.VIII.2012, coll. Yang Chao et al. Sichuan (IZCAS): 5 ♂, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 22.IV.���25.VII.1957, 16���19.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04622, 04623; 1 ♂, Fengdu Shiping, 610 m, 5.X.1994, coll. Song Shimei; 4 ♂, Wanxian, Wang���erbao, 1200 m, 12.VIII.1993, coll. Song Shimei, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04608; 1 ♂, Jianyang, Huaiyuan, 350 m, 7.V.1994, coll. Zhou Ji (presented by insect specimen room of Nankai University), IZCAS slide no. Geom-04621. Chongqing (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Chengkou, 27.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui; 4 ♂, Chengkou, Daba Shan, Qinglongxia, 950 m, 28.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jiangkou, Fanjing Shan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei. Gansu (ZFMK): 1♀, Kansu orient., Hweisi, Tsinlingschan montes occ., 1500 m, May. Zhejiang (ZFMK): 2 ♂, West-Tien-Mu-Shan, 1600m, 22.VIII.1932, 24.IX.1932, coll. H. H��ne; 1 ♂, Wenchow, VI.1939, coll. H. H��ne; 5 ♂ 1♀, Mokanshan, 30.viii.1926, 1930, coll. H. H��ne. Hunan (ZFMK): 7 ♂, Hoeng-Shan, 900 m, V���VII., IX., XI.1933, coll. H. H��ne. Fujian (ZFMK): 6 ♂ 1♀, Kuatun, 2300m, 27,40 n. Br./ 117,40 ��.L., IV���VII.1938, coll. H. H��ne. Guangdong (ZFMK): 1 ♂, without data. Chongqing (ZFMK): 1 ♂, Chungking, Sept. 1941, Dr. Noll. Sichuan (ZFMK): 1 ♂ 1♀, Ningwuan, 1933, coll. Wehrli; 1♀, Tibet, Tschang Tang, Dsagar Berge, 4500 m, Juli. Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou). Etymology. The species is dedicated to Dr. Dieter St��ning, Bonn, Germany, who contribute greatly to the taxonomy of Geometridae., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 106-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157

Problepsis apollinaria (Guenée, 1858) Argyris apollinaria Guenée, 1858, in Boisduval & Guenée, Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. gén. Lépid.), 10: 13 as appollinaria, 555 (index) as apollinaria. Holotype ♂, Borneo (NHM). Problepsis apollinaria: Prout, 1934, in Strand, Lepid. Cat., 61: 154. Remarks. P. apollinaria is added to the fauna of China for the first time. At present, the species has six subspecies, the other five subspecies are distributed in South India and several islands of Southeast Asia (Prout 1938; Parsons et al. 1999)., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Guenee, M. A. (1858) Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, M. A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes (Species General des Lepidopteres). Vol. 10. Roret, Paris, 584 pp., 22. pls","Prout, L. B. (1934 - 1939) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Bd. 4 (Supplement). Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 253, pls. 1 - 18.","Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, B. R. (1999) The catalogue. In: Scoble, M. J. (Ed.), Geometrid moths of the world: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO, Collingwood, pp. 1 - 1016."]}

Problepsis conjunctiva Warren, 1893 Figs 15���17, 42, 43, 63, 64, 84, 101 Problepsis conjunctiva Warren, 1893, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1893 (2): 358. Syntypes ♂, India: Sikkim (NHM). Problepsis conjunctiva subjunctiva Prout, 1917, Novit. zool., 24: 309. Syntypes ♂, China: Hainan, Cheng-Mai (NHM). Syn. nov. Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished by the following characters: the male antenna is dentate; the vertex is black; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-half the length of the tibia; the ocellus of the forewing is almost rounded, consists of an incomplete silvery inner ring, and two black patches on both sides of CuA1, the ocellus of the hind wing is similar to that of forewing, but drip-like without black patches; a grey band is present between the ocellus of the fore- and hind wing, extending to the anal margin; the postmedial lines of both wings are broad, dark grey and indistinct. In the male genitalia, the fused socii are very broad at basal half, tapered at apical half, and have a pair of lateral small triangular lobes subapcially; the juxta is very broad apically; the vesica has three sclerotized bands and two spine-like cornuti; the eighth sternite of the male is narrow and long, the lateral process are shorter than the central one. In the female genitalia, the lamella postvaginalis and the lamella antevaginalis are fused and cup-like, the posterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis is concaved and has two narrow and long digitiform process; the ductus bursae is sclerotized on posterior two-thirds, and with two spines and a patch of teeth centrally. Material examined. CHINA: Gansu (IZCAS): 3 ♂ 1♀, Wenxian, VI.���IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2200���2300 m, 16���19.VII.2003, coll. Wang Hongjian. Hubei (IZCAS): 2 ♂ 1♀, Xuan���en, Liangxihe, 796 m, 20���22.IX.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Yongshun, Shanmuhe Linchang, 600 m, 2.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 1 ♂, Heng Shan, 27.VIII.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂ 1♀, Mang Shan, 4.VII.1981, 11.VIII.1981; 1 ♂, Zhangjiajie, Wulingyuan, Wenfeng, 350 m, 17.IX.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong. Fujian (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jiangle, Longqi Shan, 800 m, 15.IX.1990, coll. Yang bin; 1 ♂ 1♀, Wuyi Shan, 14, 20.IX.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03385, 03386; 1 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Dazhulan, 1150 m, 28.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao; 1 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 16.VII.2013, coll. Pan Xiaodan; 1 ♂, Jianyang, Huangkeng, 4.IX.1982, coll. Wang Jiashe; 1 ♂, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Aotou, 26.VIII.1989, coll. Lin Bin. Guangdong (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Shixing, Chebaling, 330 m, 1���2.VIII.2013, coll. Pan Xiaodan; 1 ♂, Shenzhen, Dapeng Bandao, 4 m, 10���13.V.2015, coll. Cheng Rui. Hainan (IZCAS): 1♀, Tongshi, 340 m, 28.V.1973, coll. Chen Yixin; 1 ♂, Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 920 m, 3.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03387. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Hekou, Xiaonanxi, 200 m, 10.VI.1956, coll. Huang Keren; 1 ♂, Baoshan, Bawan, 1040 m, 8���10.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong; 1 ♂, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11���13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang, IZCAS slide no. Geom- 03388; 1♀, Cangyuan, Manglai, 690 m, 30.VII.���1.VIII.2016, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang & Xiang Lanbin. Tibet (IZCAS): 1 ♂, M��dog, Lagong tea plantation, 1250 m, 15.VIII.2015, coll. Yao Jian; 1 ♂, M��dog, Jiagagou Bridge, 805 m, 18���19.VI.2016, coll. Li Xinxin. Distribution. China (Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Tibet), India (Sikkim), Myanmar. Remarks. Problepsis conjunctiva subjunctiva was originally described by Prout (1917). He mentioned the subspecies can be distinguished from the nominate subspecies by the smaller size, the narrower band between the ocellus of the fore- and hind wing, and the less darkly marked underside of the wings. In our study, we found one male specimen from Hainan (Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, figs 17, 42, 63) well agree with the description of Prout (1917). In addition, we also found one female from Hainan (Tongshen, fig. 16), together with the specimens from Yunnan and Tibet (figs 15, 43, 64), well agree with the description of the nominate subspecies. The specimens from Hunan, Fujian and Guangdong shows transitions between the two subspecies in different extent. The genitalia of the above specimens shows no differences. Therefore, we consider the varied character of subjunctiva as intraspecific individual variations, and treat P. conjunctiva subjunctiva Prout, 1917 as a junior synonym of Problepsis conjunctiva Warren, 1893. We also found the venation also varies in the species: the forewing of some specimens from Gansu, Hubei, Yunnan and Tibet (about one-third of all examined material) has no areole and R1 is free from R2-5, in contrast, the forewing of the remaining specimens has one areole. However, these specimens do not show any differences on the external charcters and the genitalia., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 116-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Warren, W. (1893) On new genera and species of moths of the family Geometridae from India, in the collection of H. J. Elwes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893 (2), 341 - 434, pls. 30 - 32.","Prout, L. B. (1917) On new and insufficiently known indo-australian Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 24, 293 - 317."]}

Problepsis apollinaria apollinaria (Guen��e, 1858) Figs 11, 39, 60, 81, 98 Diagnosis. The species is characterized by the following characters: the pectinations of the male are longer than five times the diameter of the shaft; the vertex is white, sparsely mixed with greyish brown on the anterior margin; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-fifth the length of the tibia; the ocellus of the forewing is small and rounded, and the silvery white inner ring is incomplete, extending from posterior part to the anal margin; the ocellus of the hind wing is indistinct, but the two slightly wary silvery white lines are visible, sometimes sparse yellowish brown scales are visible. In the male genitalia, the socii are fused to the apex of the tegumen, roofshaped, and has one short digitiform process terminally; the internal margin of the tegumen has several small spines; the sacculus is much shorter than the valvula, and has an acute spine at basal part; the aedeagus has a small process (densely covered with small teeth) at apex, and a long lobe is arising from the terminal of the aedeagus; the vesica has two short sclerotized lobes; the lateral processes of the male eighth sternite are broader and longer than those of P. plagiata. In the female genitalia, the lamella postvaginalis and the lamella antevaginalis are strongly sclerotized and forms a funnel, the former one has two small semicircular processes; the sclerotized ductus bursae is extending to the middle part of the corpus bursae on the left side, and extending to the posterior part of the corpus bursae on the right side; the small spines of the signum are not fused. Material examined. CHINA: Hainan: 1 ♂ (loaned from NWAFU), Bawangling, 5.V.2008, coll. Yao Zhaofu & Men Qiulei, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03444; 1♀ (IZCAS), Lingshui, Diaoluo Shan, 929 m, 11���12.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04599. Distribution. China (Hainan), north India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 114-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Guenee, M. A. (1858) Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, M. A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes (Species General des Lepidopteres). Vol. 10. Roret, Paris, 584 pp., 22. pls"]}

Problepsis superans (Butler, 1885) Figs 29, 30, 51, 72, 91, 107 Argyris superans Butler, 1885, Cistula ent., 3 (29): 122. Syntypes, Japan: Yezo (NHM). Problepsis superans: Strand, 1911, Ent. Rundsch., 28: 122. Problepsis (Problepsiodes) superans: Prout, 1913, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 50, pl. 5: a. Problepsis superans f. summa Prout, 1935, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4 (Suppl.): 33. Syntypes 2 ♂, China: Tibetan frontier, Tse-ku. Diagnosis. The size of the species is often large (the forewing length is 24–30 mm in male, and 26–31 mm in female); the male antenna is dentate; the vertex is white; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-half the length of the tibia; the postmedial line of the forewing is invisible near the costa; the ocellus of the forewing is large and rounded, consists of a black inner ring which is opened at anterior part, an incomplete silvery ring inside the black ring, two black patches on both sides of CuA1, and strip-like white discal spot; the ocellus of the hind wing is oval and darker than that of the forewing, covered with silvery scales; the central part of postmedial line of the hind wing is very close to the ocellus. The male genitalia are similar to P. shirozui, but the fused socii are shorter; the basal lobe of the valvula is semicircular, while it is triangular in P. shirozui; a large patch of teeth are present at the central of the aedeagus, while they are absent in P. shirozui; the manica has no spines at the apex, and two sclerotized bands arising from the dorsal side, one of them is covered with small teeth on terminal half; the vesica has a narrow and long sclerotized band, which forms a spine-like cornutus apically; the eighth sternite of the male has two long lateral processes and one short digitiform central process. The female genitalia are distinctive in the following characters: the lamella postvaginalis and the lamella antevaginalis are fused to the stout and strongly sclerotized dctus bursae, and a pair of curved digitiform membranous process are present on the ventral surface of the posterior margin; the corpus bursae is slightly sclerotized on right side of the posterior part; the signum is situated on the dorsal surface of the left side of corpus bursae. Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang (loaned from NEFU): 1 ♂, Mao’er Shan, 26.VII.2005, coll. Li Chengde; 1 ♂, Harbin, Laoyeling, 2–6.VIII.2009, coll. Han Huilin et al. Jilin (loaned from NEFU): 1 ♂, Wangqing, Tianqiaoling, 5.VIII.2007, coll. Han Huilin et al. Liaoning: 1♀ (IZCAS), Anshan, Qian Shan, 24.VII.1984; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Fushun, 19.VII.2007, coll. Han Huilin et al.; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Huairen, 21.VII.2007, coll. Han Huilin et al.; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Jianchang, 5–8.VIII.2008, coll. Han Huilin et al. Beijing (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Baihua Shan, Huang’antuo, 1100 m, 26.VII.2010, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Baihua Shan, Shitangpu, 900 m, 29.VII.2010, coll. Yao Jian & Song Shimei; 3 ♂, Mentougou, Liyuanling, 1100 m, 11–12.VIII.2014, coll. Li Hongmei, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04600. Hebei (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Wuling Shan, 600 m, 8.VII.1985, coll. Zhang Baolin. Henan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Baotianman, 4.VII.2006, coll. Shen Xiaocheng; 2 ♂, Songxian, Baiyun Shan, 1300– 1400 m, 21.VI.2001, 21.VII.2003, coll. Shen Xiaocheng & Zhang Dandan. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 4 ♂ 1♀, Zhouzhi, Houzhenzi, 1300 m, 10.VIII.2007, 10.VIII.2008, coll. Li Wenzhu et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03380, 03381; 1♀, Zhouzhi, Houzhenzi, Laoxiancheng, 1700 m, 12.VIII.2007, coll. Yang Ganyan; 1 ♂, Qingling plant park, Daxiagu, 893m, 5–6.VII.2012, coll. Liu Shuxian; 6 ♂ 3♀, Ningshan, Huoditang, 1538–1580 m, 26–29.VII.1998, 11– 15.VII.2012, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al.; 9 ♂ 1♀, Ningshan, Guanghuojie nature reserve, 1081–1189 m, 26– 28.VII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-05133; 13 ♂, Liuba, Miaotaizi, 1350 m, 21.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 2 ♂, Liuba, 1020 m, 18.VII.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng; 2 ♂ 1♀, Foping, 950 m, 23–24.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 1 ♂, Foping, longcaoping, 1256 m, 3.VII.2008, coll. Liu Wangang; 5♀, Zashui, Yingpan, 953–995 m, 29– 31.VII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04601; 1 ♂, Zhen’an, 29.VII.1986; 1 ♂, Nanzheng, Liping, 1540 m, 27–30.VII.2017, coll. Li Henan. Gansu (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Tianshui, Longmen, VII.1990, coll. Yuan Shiyun; 1♀, Tianshui, Donglin, 15.VII.1992, coll. Ding Guanjun; 1 ♂, Dangchang, 1800 m, 7.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 1 ♂, Kangxian, 1200 m, 11.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 1 ♂, Kangxian, Qinghe Linchang, 1400–1650 m, 15.VII.1998, 8.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian; 2 ♂, Kanxian, Baiyun Shan, 1250–1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 3♀, Kanxian, Yangba, Meiyuangou, 1000–1020 m, 13.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Tielou, 1450 m, 24.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong; 2 ♂, Wenxian, VI.–IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian; 1♀, Wenxian, Liziba, 1971 m, 22–24.VIII.2014, coll. Li Xinxin. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Tianmu Shan, 25.VII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, West Tianmu Shan, Sanmuping, 789 m, 25.VII.2011, coll. Cheng Rui; 3 ♂, Lin’an, West Tianmu Shan, 400– 1500 m, 26–30.VII.2003, coll. Xue Dayong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04597; 1 ♂, West Tianmu Shan, Xianrending, 1506 m, 27.VII.2011, coll. Cheng Rui; 1♀, Taishun, Wuyanling, Shuangkengkou, 680 m, 29.VII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04598. Hubei (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Xingshan, 1300 m, 29.VII.1980, coll. Yu Peiyu; 6 ♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1340–1350 m, 14–16.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Hefeng, Fenshuiling Linchang, 31.VII. 1989, coll. Yang Longlong; 1 ♂, Shennongjia, Jiuchong, 700 m, 18.VII.1998, coll. Luo Tianhong; 1 ♂, Shennongjia, Muyu, 22.VII.1998, coll. Zhou Haisheng; 2 ♂, Shennongjia, Guanmenshan, 1240 m, 23.VII.1998, coll. Zhou Haisheng et al.; 1 ♂, Yichang, Dengcun, Dalaoling, 1709 m, 15–16.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui; 12 ♂, Yingshan, Taohuachong, 590 m, 23–27.VI.2014, coll. Jiang Nan et al.; 3 ♂, Yingshan, Wujiashan, 860 m, 28– 30.VI.2014, coll. Cui Le et al.; 4 ♂, Yingshan, gate of Wujiashan, 500 m, 30.VI.2014, coll. Cui Le et al.; 13 ♂, Luotian, Qingtaiguan, 560 m, 1–4.VII.2014, coll. Xue Dayong et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03382, 0 3383. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Lu Shan, 18.VI.1974, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Sangzhi, Tianpingshan, 24.VII.1981; 1 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitianba, 370 m, 7.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin. Fujian (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jianyang, Huangkeng, 270 m, 30.VI.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Sangang, 700 m, 29.V.2006, coll. Wang Jiashe; 1♀, Wuyi Shan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 16.VII.2013, coll. Xue Dayong. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Huanjiang, Yangmei’ao, 1189 m, 18–22.VII.2015, coll. Jiang Nan. Sichuan (IZCAS): 6 ♂, Baoxing, Dashuigou protect station, 1591 m, 1–5.VIII.2016, coll. Cui Le; 1 ♂ 1♀, Pingwu, Motianling, 1264 m, 17.VII.2012. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jiangkou, Heiwan, 600 m, 27.VII.2001, coll. Li Houhun et al. (presented by insect specimen room of Nankai University), IZCAS slide no. Geom-04599. Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan), Southeast Russia, Japan, Korean peninsula. Remarks. Prout (1935) described a new form of this species from Yunnan, P. superans f. summa, based on the larger size and the lager ocellus. Parsons et al. (1999) listed the form as a subspecies of P. superans. After examination of a long series of material, we found the size of the adults and the size of the ocellus are varied at the same locality, e.g. Hubei, figs 29, 30. In addition, there is no genital difference among the specimens from different localites of China. Therefore, we still consider summa as a variant form of P. superans., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 123-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Butler, A. G. (1885) Descriptions of Moths new to Japan, collected by Messrs. Lewis and Pryer. Cistula Entomologica, 3 (29), 113 - 136.","Strand, E. (1911) Neue afrikanische Arten der Bienengattungen Anthophora, Eriades, Anthidium, Coelioxys und Trigona. Entomologische Rundschau, 28, 119 - 102, 122 - 124.","Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, B. R. (1999) The catalogue. In: Scoble, M. J. (Ed.), Geometrid moths of the world: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO, Collingwood, pp. 1 - 1016."]}

Problepsis eucircota Prout, 1913 Figs 2, 3, 32, 53, 74, 93 Problepsis eucircota Prout, 1913, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 50, pl. 7: b. Syntypes 5 ♂, 2♀, China: Shanghai; Ningpo; Chia-ting-fu (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is similar to P. stueningi sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the following characters: the female antenna is dentate, while in P. stueningi sp. nov., it is filiform; the postmedial line of the forewing is slightly incurved between M veins, while it is smooth in P. stueningi sp. nov.; the ocellus on the underside of the forewing is densely diffused with dark greyish brown scales, and the two black markings are invisible, while in P. stueningi sp. nov., it shows through faintly from the upperside, without any greyish brown scales, and the black markings are invisible; in the male genitalia, the outer margin of the valvula is smooth, but it is triangular in P. stueningi sp. nov., the aedeagus is stouter and shorter, the lateral projections of the male eighth sternite are almost quadrate, but it is rounded in P. stueningi sp. nov.; in the female genitalia, the sclerite on the dorsal side of the anterior part of the ductus bursae is triangular, but it is trapeziform in P. stueningi sp. nov. Material examined. CHINA: Henan (IZCAS): 6 ♂, Xinyang, Jigong Shan, 250 m, 20���21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1 ♂, Songxian, Baiyun Shan, 1400 m, 30.VII.2003, coll. Lv Yanan. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Danfeng, Tieyupu, 680 m, 28.V.1994, coll. Zhou Jin (presented by Insect Collection of Nankai University); 1 ♂, Foping, Yueba, 1093 m, 29.VI.���1.VII.2012, coll. Liu Shuxian, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04615; 1 ♂, Shangnan, Jinsixia, 777 m, 23���25.VII.2013, coll. Cui Le; 9 ♂, Xunyang, Bailiu, Jinxinyuan Shanzhuang, 386 m, 1���3.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03403. Gansu (IZCAS): 2 ♂ 1♀, Wenxian, Bikou conservation station, 645 m, 6���7., 11.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04588, 04604; 4 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou, Bifenggou, 720 m, 8���10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04603, 0 4605. Shanghai (IZCAS): 4 ♂ 1♀, 21.VI.1930, 7.VI.1934, 19.V.1935, VII.1935, 19.VIII.1935, 17. IX.1 935, coll. O. Piel & A. Savio. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Chushan, 29.V.1931, coll. O. Piel; 1 ♂, Tienmu Shan, VI.1936, coll. O. Piel; 2 ♂ 1♀, West Tianmu Shan, 29���31.VII.1972, coll. Wang Ziqing, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03404; 10 ♂, Lin���an, West Tianmu Shan, 400 m, 26���27.VII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04586, 04611; 1 ♂, Ningbo, Yinzhou, Chishui, 241 m, 26.VII.2015, coll. Cheng Rui; 1 ♂, Pan���an, Huangtan Linchang, 891 m, 27���28.VII.2015, coll. Cheng Rui; 1♀, Zhou Shan, Daishan Island, Penglai park, 30 m, 5.VIII.2016, coll. Li Xinxin; 2 ♂, Hanzhou, 21.V.1976, 27.VIII.1979. Hubei (IZCAS): 3 ♂, Shennongjia, Honghua, 860 m, 17���21.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 2 ♂, Shennonjia, Dongxi, 600 m, 2���3.VIII.1998, coll. Luo Tianhong et al.; 1 ♂, Xianfeng, 800 m, 4.VI.1989, coll. Li Wei; 4 ♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1280���1350 m, 14.VI.���17.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 1 ♂, Xingshan, Xiaohekou, 700 m, 11.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu; 3 ♂, Zigui, Jiulingtou, 100���150 m, 13.VI.1993, 12.VII.1993, 5.IX.1994, coll. Huang Ruizhi et al.; 1 ♂, Yichang, Dengcun, Dalaoling, 1709 m, 15���16.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui; 2 ♂, Wufeng, Houhe, 1100 m, 11.VII.1999, coll. Li Houhun (presented by Insect Collection of Nankai University); 1 ♂, Yunxi, Guanyinzhen, 289���305 m, 4���5.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al.; 4 ♂, Yingshan, Taohuachong, 590 m, 23���27.VI.2014, coll. Jiang Nan et al.; 1 ♂, Yingshan, Wujiashan, 860 m, 28���30.VI.2014, coll. Cui Le. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 2 ♂ 1♀, Lu Shan, 17���18.VI.1974, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, Doushui, 3.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei; 6 ♂, Jinggang Shan, Xiazhuang, 590 m, 5.VIII.2013, coll. Yang Chao et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04587. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Pingjiang, 21.VII.1981; 2 ♂, Anhua, 25.V.1981; 1 ♂, Yongshun, Shanmuhe Linchang, 600 m, 3.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 3 ♂. Heng Shan, 26.VIII.���18.IX.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, Cili, Suoxiyu, 400 m, 17.X.1988, coll. Zhao Zhongling; 2 ♂, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4���8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 2 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitianba, 370 m, 31.VII.2009, 5.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 2 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitiannan, 370 m, 3, 7.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 1 ♂, ZhangJiajie, Wulingyuan, 540 m, 9.VI.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong. Fujian (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Wuyi Shan, 2.VIII.1979, 15.IX.1982, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 12 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Sangang (Chong���an, Xingcun, Sangang), 700 m, 27.V.1960, 7.VIII.1960, 4.VIII.1979, 26.V.1983, 1.VI.1983, 10.VI.2006, 11���14.VIII.2009, coll. Zhang Yiran et al.; 1 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Tongmu, 26.VII.1979, coll. Song Shimei; 3 ♂, Meihuashan, Yanshan station, 459 m, 18.VII.2013, coll. Yang Chao et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04610; 1 ♂, Meihuashan, Huyuan, 1276 m, 19.VII.2013, coll. Pan Xiaodan. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Longsheng, 16.VI.1980, coll. Wang Linyao; 1 ♂, Mao���er Shan, Gaozhai, 448 m, 13���15.VIII.2012, coll.Yang chao et al.; 1 ♂, Mao���er Shan, Antangping, 1579 m, 17���18.VIII.2012, coll. Yang Chao. Sichuan (IZCAS): 5 ♂, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 22.IV.���25.VII.1957, 16���19.IX. 1957, coll. Zhu Fuixng et al.; 1 ♂, Guanxian, Qingcheng Shan, 700���1600 m, 2.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping; 3 ♂, Wanxian, Wang���erbao, 1200 m, 12.VIII.1993, 27.V.1994, 27.IX.1994, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 1 ♂, Fengdu, Shiping, 610 m, 2.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhgu; 1 ♂, Dayi, Xiling Xueshan, 1352 m, 27���29.VIII.2013, coll.Cheng Rui; 3 ♂, Honhya, Wawushan, Jinhuaqiao, 1147 m, 12���14.VIII.2016, coll. Cui Le. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Leishan, Leigong Shan, 1500 m, 27.VI.1988, coll. Wang Minsheng; 1 ♂, Jiangkou, Fanjing Shan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei; 1 ♂, Jiangkou, Heiwan, 600 m, 27.VII.2001, coll. Li Houhun (presented by insect specimen room of Nankai University); 1 ♂, Xishui, Sanchahe, 28.V.2000, coll. Mai Guoqing. Yunnan (IZCAS): 10 ♂ 1♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28��� 30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03401, 03402; 3 ♂, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24��� 26.V.1992, coll. XueDayong; 1 ♂, Tengchong, Qushi, Daba, 1823���1873 m, 4���5.VIII.2013, coll. Liu Shuxian; 2 ♂, Tengchong, Zhengding, 1833 m, 6���7.VIII.2013, coll. Liu Shuxian; 2 ♂, Tengchong Wetland, 1730 m, 3��� 5.VIII.2016, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang; 1 ♂, Tengchong, Houqiao, 1620 m, 6���8.VIII.2016, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang. Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan), Japan, Korean peninsula., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 105-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157

Problepsis discophora kardakoffi Prout, 1938 Figs 23, 47, 68, 88, 105 Problepsis discophora kardakoffi Prout, 1938, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4 (Suppl.): 222. Holotype ♂, Russia: S Ussuri, Vladivostok district,?Okeanskaja (NHM). Diagnosis. The subspecies differs from the nominate subspecies externally by the following characters: the submarginal spots of both wings are larger and darker, inner ones are fused or touch to outer ones partly, and outer ones are fused to the terminal lines except on the apical area of the forewing, while the submarginal spots of the nominate subspecies are lighter, inner ones are separate from outer ones; the fringes are mostly dark grey to blackish grey, but they are white mixed with grey in the nominate subspecies. The subspecies is almost identical to P. phoebearia Erschov, 1870 in the dentate male antenna, the white vertex and the length of the hind tarsus of the male and the genitalia, and only can be distinguished by the smaller ocellus of each wings. P. phoebearia has larger ocellus, the one of the forewing is fused to the posterior small marking, forms one to three teeth on the inner margin, and protrudes beyond or touch the postmedial line on the outer margin; the one of the hind wing is partly or mostly covered the postmedial line. Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 1 ♂ (IZCAS), Yichuan, Dailing, 14.VII.1958; 1 ♂ (IZCAS), Xiaoling, 15.VII.1937; 1 ♂ (IZCAS), Wuchang, Shengli Linchang, 8.VII.1970; 1 ♂ 1♀ (loaned from NEFU), Harbin, Laoyeling, 24���25.VII.2008, coll. Han Huilin et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04579; 2 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Pingshan, 11.VII.2007, coll. Lang Jin, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04578; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Harbin, Acheng, 11.VII.2007, coll. Li Zhiqin. Jilin: 1 ♂ (IZCAS), Fusong, 10.VIII.1954; 9 ♂ (IZCAS), Changbai Shan, 6.VII.1974, 2���9.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Changbai Shan, 25���28.VII.2008, coll. Han Huilin et al. Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin), Russia (Ussuri area). Remarks. This subspecies is added to the fauna of China for the first time., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 121-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Erschov, A. (1870) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Russian Empire. Trudy Russkago Entomologischeshkago Obschestva, 4, 139 - 204."]}

Problepsis delphiaria auriculifera Warren, 1897 Figs 12, 13, 40, 61, 82, 99 Problepsis auriculifera Warren, 1897, Novit. zool. 4: 59. Syntypes 1 ♂, 1♀, Singapore (NHM). Problepsiodes argentisquama Warren, 1899b, Novit. zool. 6: 337. Holotype ♂, Peninsular Malaysia: Penang (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is easily recognized by the following characters: the pectinations of the male are about equal length of the diameter of the shaft, and the antennae of the female is dentate; the vertex is black; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-half the length of the tibia; the ocellus of the forewing is inverted pyriform, tapered at posterior part, smooth on the outer margin; the ocellus of the hind wing is oval; the underside of the wings has heavy dark greyish brown suffusions from the base to the submarginal lines except the area near the anal margin of the forewing and the area near the costa of the hind wing. The male genitalia are similar to those of P. transvehens (Prout, 1918), but the fused socii and the juxta are longer; the aedeagus is narrower, curved at the apex and near the central part, and has a tiny spine-like subapical process on lateral side, while in P. transvehens, it is not curved, and forms a long lobe terminally, and the subapical process is larger and triangular; the vesica has a short sclerotized band, while it has a small irregular shaped lobe in P. transvehens; the eighth sternite of the male is longer, and narrower at posterior part. The female genitalia are unique in the following characters: the lamella postvaginalis is weakly sclerotized with a pair of small digitiform processes on left side; the ductus bursae is narrow and long, weakly sclerotized on posterior half, membranous with a narrow sclerotized band on anterior half. Material examined. CHINA: Hainan (IZCAS): 1♀, Baisha, Nankai, 270 m, 20���22.XI.2009, coll. Yang Chao, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04561; 1 ♂, Ledong, Jiaxi, 220 m, 15.XII.2009, coll. Du Zhaohui et al (presented by Insect Collection of Nankai University), IZCAS slide no. Geom-04560. Distribution. China (Hainan), Singapore., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Warren, W. (1897) New genera and species of Moths from the Old-World Regions in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 4, 12 - 130.","Warren, W. (1899 b) New Drepanulidae, Epiplemidae, Uraniidae, and Geometridae from the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions. Novitates Zoologicae, 6, 313 - 359.","Prout, L. B. (1918) New species and forms of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 25, 76 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29762"]}

Problepsis discophora discophora Fixsen, 1887 Figs 21, 22, 46, 67, 87, 104 Diagnosis. Similar to P. shirozui Inoue, 1986 in the following external characters: the antennae of the male is dentate; the vertex is white; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-third to one-half the length of the tibia; the ocellus of the forewing is rounded, consists of complete greyish silvery inner ring, black patches between M veins and on both sides of CuA1, black scales which are covered around the slivery ring, and strip-like white discal spot; the ocellus of the hind wing is simiar to that of the forewing, but is oval and the silivery ring is opened at anterior part. But the species can be distinguished by the following characters: the postmedial line of the forewing is thickened on the costa, while in P. shirozui, it is narrow and weak; the grey band on the forewing costa of the underside is lighter than that of upperside, while it is darker and more distinct than that of upperside in P. shirozui; the ocellus of both wings of the underside are much lighter than those of P. shirozui; in the male genitalia, the fused socii have a digitiform process at the base of the ventral surface, while the process is absent in P. shirozui; the valvula is angle-like at the central part, while it is smoothly curved in P. shirozui; two sclerotized band are present at the the manica of the aedeagus, but they are absent in in P. shirozui. Material examined. CHINA: Liaoning: 1 ♂ (IZCAS), Anshan, Zhonghuisi, 8.VII.1980; 1 ♂ (IZCAS), Lingyuan, VI.1984, coll. Jin Laiwu; 3 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Jianchang, 13���15.VIII.2007, 13.X.2007, coll. Han Huilin et al.; 1 ♂ (loaned from NEFU), Hengren, 20.VII.2007, coll. Han Huilin et al. Beijing (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Badaling, 24.VI.1957; 2 ♂ 1♀, Changping, Baiyangcheng, 213 m, 15.VIII.2013, coll. Cui Le; 2 ♂, Miyun, Shatuozi, 25.VII.2009, coll. Qiao Gexia; 2 ♂, Pinggu, Jinshan, 24.VI.1990, 6.VII.1990; 4 ♂ 2♀, Fangshan, Shangfangshan, 9��� 11.V.1982; 7 ♂, Baihua Shan, 1.VIII.1972, 29.V.1973, 16.VII.1973, 23.VIII.1973, coll. Han Yinheng et al.; 1 ♂, Baihua Shan, Huang���antuo, 1100 m, 27.VII.2010, coll. Yao Jian et al.; 1 ♂, Baihua Shan, Shitangpu, 900 m, 29.VII.2010, coll. Yao Jian et al.; 27 ♂ 3♀, Mentougou, Liyuanling, 1100 m, 22.VI.2001, 16.IX.2001, 20��� 21.VIII.2002, 11���12.VIII.2004, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03406, 03407; 13 ♂, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, 1100 m, 23.VI.2001, 5.VII.2011, 7.VII.2013, 7���8.VII.2014, coll. Cheng Rui et al. Hebei (IZCAS): 3 ♂ 2♀, Xiaowutai Shan, Yangjiaping, 820���880 m, 29���30.VII.2009, 2���4.VIII.2011, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 1 ♂, Chengde, 18.VII.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang. Shanxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Daligou, IX.1980. Shandong (IZCAS): 1 ♂, 19.VII.1933. Henan (IZCAS): 6 ♂, Xinyang, Jigong Shan, 250 m, 20���21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1 ♂, Neixiang, Getiaopa, 600 m, 15.VIII.2003; 5 ♂ 1♀, Neixiang, Baotianman, 623 m, 12.VIII.2008, coll. Xue Dayong et al.; 2 ♂, Xixia, Taiping, 834 m, 5���6.VIII.2013, coll. Cui Le et al.; 1 ♂, Songxian, Baiyun Shan, 815 m, 7���9.VIII.2013, coll. Jiang Nan et al. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 4 ♂, Qingling plant park, Daxiagu, 893 m, 5���6.VII.2012, coll. Liu Shuxian; 1♀, Foping, Yueba, 1093 m, 29.VI.���1.VII.2012, coll. Li Jing; 3 ♂, Foping, Longcaoping, 1200 m, 3.VII.2008, coll. Li Wenzhu et al.; 1♀, Zhouzhi, Louguantai, 680m, 24.VI.2008, coll. Bai Ming; 1 ♂ 1♀, Zashui, Yingpan, 953���995 m, 29���31.VII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom- 03408; 4 ♂, Xunyang, Bailiu, Jinxinyuan Shanzhuang, 386 m, 1���3.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03409. Gansu (IZCAS): 2 ♂, Wudu, Yuhe, 30.V.2016, coll. Cao Yonghong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04594; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Fanba, 800 m, 26.VI.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Liujiaping, 800 m, 27.VI.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng; 3 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou, 620���700 m, 27.VI.1998, 15���16.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang et al.; 1 ♂, Diebu, Luoda Linchang, 1800 m, 8.VII.2005. Qinghai (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Huzhu Beishan, 2300 m, 20.V.1992, coll. Meng Feng. Shanghai (IZCAS): 4 ♂ 8♀, 9.V.1933, 17.VI.1933, 18.VIII.1933, 30.VI.1935, 21.IX.1935, 29.IX.1935, 29.VII.1936, VII.1940, VI.1941, 27.IX.1943, coll. O. Piel. Jiangsu (IZCAS): 1♀, Jiangting, 18.VIII.1958; 1♀, Suzhou, 12.VII.1976, coll. Song Shimei. Hubei (IZCAS): 2 ♂ 1♀, Jinzhou, VII.1960; 1♀, Shennongjia, Songluo, 920 m, 1.IX.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♀, Badong, Sanxia Linchang, 180 m, 14.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1 ♂ 1♀, Zigui, Jiulingtou, 110���150 m, 13.VI.1993, 5.IX.1994, coll. Song Shimei et al.; 1 ♂, Yingshan, Wujiashan, 860 m, 28���30.VI.2014, coll. Xue Dayong; 2 ♂, Luotian, Qingtaiguan, 560 m, 1��� 4.VII.2014, coll. Cui Le. Hunan (IZCAS): 1♀, Sangzhi, Tianpingshan, 1300 m, 11.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Longshneg, 10.VI.1980, coll. Wang Linyao. Sichuan (IZCAS): 6 ♂ 2♀, Emei Shan, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 23.IV.1957, 17.VII.1957, 15���19.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing, IZCAS slide no. Geom- 04596; 1 ♂, Luding, Guze, Jiangju, 1635 m, 21.V.2009, coll. Liang Honbin. Chongqing (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Chengkou, Dabu Shan, Qinglongxia, 950 m, 28.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui. Distribution. China (Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing), North Korea. Remarks. After checking the orginal description of P. changmei Yang, 1978 and many specimens collected from near the type locality, we found P. changmei is identical to P. discophora. Therefore, we treat P. changmei as a junior synonym of P. discophora., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 120-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Fixsen, C. (1887) Lepidopter aus Korea. In: Romanoff, N. M, Memoires sur les Lepidopteres. Vol. 3. Imprimerie de M. M. Stassulewitch, St. - Petersbourg, pp. 233 - 365.","Inoue, H. (1986) Further new and unrecorded species of the Geometridae from Taiwan with some synonymic notes (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Faculty of Domestic Sciences, Otsuma Woman's University, 22, 211 - 267, 67 figs.","Yang, C. Z. (1978) Moths of North China. Vol. 2. Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, 227 pp. [pp. 301 - 527"]}

Problepsis subreferta Prout, 1935 Figs 8, 36, 57, 78 Problepsis subreferta Prout, 1935, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4 (Suppl.): 33, pl. 4: f. Syntypes 4 ♂, China: Tse-ku [Yunnan] (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is very close to P. batangnensis sp. nov., but is different in the following characters: the male pectinations are rudimentary (the longest ones are much shorter than the diameter of the shaft); the hind tarsus of the male is shorter than one-half length of the tibia, while in P. batangnensis sp. nov., it is shorter, about twosevenths to three-sevenths length of the tibia; the outer margin of the ocellus of each wings is smooth, but in P. batangnensis sp. nov, it forms two small protrusions on the forewing and one protrusion on the hindwing; in the male genitalia, the anterior margin of the juxta is free from the sacculus, while it is fused to the sacculus in P. batangnensis sp. nov., and the basal part of the valvula is narrower; the apical teeth of the aedeagus and the central process of the male eighth sternite are smaller. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Li-kiang, 31.V.1934, coll. H. H��ne (presented by D. St��ning), IZCAS slide no. Geom-03417. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157

Problepsis Lederer, 1853 Problepsis Lederer, 1853. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 2: 74. Type species: Caloptera ocellata Frivaldszky, 1845. Turkey. Replacement name for Caloptera Frivaldszky, 1845. Caloptera Frivaldszky, 1845, Evk. Kir��l. Magy. Term. T��rs., 1: 185. Type species: Caloptera ocellata Frivaldszky, 1845. Junior homonym of Caloptera Gistl, 1834 (Coleoptera). Argyris Guen��e, 1858, in Boisduval & Guen��e, Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. g��n. L��pid.), 10: 12. Type species: Argyris ommatophoraria Guen��e, 1858. Lebanon. Euephyra Gumppenberg, 1887, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar. Leop. Carol., 49: 328, 342. No type species is given. Problepsiodes Warren, 1899b, Novit. zool., 6: 336. Type species: Problepsis conjunctiva Warren, 1893. India. Generic characters: Head: Male antennae bipectinate or dentate, with fascicles of cilia (often bipectinate in African species); female antennae often filiform, sometimes dentate, ciliated. Frons not protruding. Labial palpus extending beyond frons distally. Thorax. Ventral surface of thorax and fore femora hairy. Male hind tibia dilated, with hair-pencil, without spurs; tarsus abbreviated; female hind tibia normal, with two pairs of spurs. Venation: Forewing often with one single areole, but variable in P. conjunctiva Warren, 1893, (see its remarks). R1 arising from or before apex of areole; R5 usually long stalked with R2-4. Hind wing with Rs and M1 separate, M3 and CuA1 separate. Forewing with apex almost quadrate, outer margin arched; hind wing with apex rounded, outer margin slightly wavy. Wings ground colour white or greyish white or light ochre-brown or light grey. Each wing usually with a ocellus at end of cell, sometimes invisible on both wings (e.g. P. rorida Prout, 1932 and P. ochripicta Warren, 1901), or indistinct on hind wing (e.g. P. aegretta Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 and P. flavistigma Swinhoe, 1904); ocellus usually containing silvery scales, projecting from surface, sometimes containing dark patches and white stripe-like discal spot inside, submarginal line often composed of two rows of spots. Underside often with weakly expressed wing patterns, sometimes different from those of upperside. Male genitalia: Uncus not developed. Internal margin of tegumen dentate or smooth. Socii fused at apex, ventral of tuba analis, setose, sometimes with lateral or central lobes. Valvula and sacculus separate, symmetrical, long, tapering towards apex. Juxta forming an inverted triangular or tongue-like lobe, anterior margin concaved centrally, fused to sacculus, sometimes free. Saccus broad. Aedeagus strongly sclerotized, with one or several teeth at apex, coecum penis dilated; vesica often with partly sclerotized and crinkled, sometimes with cornuti. Male eighth sternite elongated and anterior margin bifurcate, often with one process centrally, forming a head-shaped posterior dilation. Female genitalia: Papillae anales stout and short. Lamella postvaginalis often well developed; lamella antevaginalis often absent, sometimes weakly developed. Ductus bursae often sclerotized. Corpus bursae large, spherical or oval, membranous; signum sometimes absent, often composed of an oval patch of small spines, arranged in longitudinal rows, medial spines often fused to a sclerite along longitudinal axis. Diagnosis. The genus is unique in the ocellus of the wings and the fused socii of the male genitalia. Biology. The host-plant records are mainly from the Oleaceae (Singh 1957; Sugi 1987; Holloway 1997). The habitat preferences of some Problepsis species are provided by Holloway (1997) and Stadie & Stadie (2016). The larvae are long and slender, tapered anteriorly and often without any pattern (Stadie & Stadie 2016). They rest on straight position, and are able to produce a silk thread if they are disturbed (Hausmann 2004; Stadie & Stadie 2016). Distribution. Palearctic, Oriental, Australian, and Afrotropical regions. Remarks. Considering the present study is a review of Chinese species of Problepsis, the above generic characters are mainly summarized from Chinese species, and also from the studies of Prout (1912 ���1916, 1934��� 1939, 1920���1941, 1929���1938), Holloway (1997), Hausmann (2004), Sihvonen (2005) and Stadie & Stadie (2016). The genus still awaits a worldwide revision., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Lederer, J. (1853) II. Abtheilung \" Die Heteroceren \". Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 2 (Abhandlungen), 65 - 126.","Frivaldszky, I. (1845) Rovid attekintese egy termeszetrajzi utazasnak, az europai Torobirodalomban, egyszersmind nehany a kozben ujdonnat folfedezett allatnak leirasa. [Brief overview of a natural history journey taken in the European part of the Ottoman Empire, supplemented with the description of some newly discovered animals.]. A Kiralyi Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat evkonyvei. Elso kotet. Pesten, nyomatott Beimel Jozsefnel, 1, 163 - 187, pls. I - III.","Guenee, M. A. (1858) Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, M. A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes (Species General des Lepidopteres). Vol. 10. Roret, Paris, 584 pp., 22. pls","Gumppenberg, C. V. (1887) Systema Geometrarum zonae temperatioris septentrionalis. Erster Theil. Nova Acta Academiae Leopoldino Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 49, 229 - 400, pls. 8 - 10.","Warren, W. (1899 b) New Drepanulidae, Epiplemidae, Uraniidae, and Geometridae from the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions. Novitates Zoologicae, 6, 313 - 359.","Warren, W. (1893) On new genera and species of moths of the family Geometridae from India, in the collection of H. J. Elwes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893 (2), 341 - 434, pls. 30 - 32.","Prout, L. B. (1932) New genera and species of Sterrhinae (Fam. Geometridae). Novitates Zoologicae, 37, 229 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13263","Warren, W. (1901) New Thyrididae, Epiplemidae and Geometridae from the Ethiopian region. Novitates Zoologicae, 8, 6 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22168","Swinhoe, C. (1904) On the Geometridae of tropical Africa in the National Collection. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1904 (3), 497 - 590.","Singh, B. (1957) Some more Indian geometrid larvae (Lepidoptera) with a notes on the identity of components of various groups of setae. Indian Forest Records, 9 (6), 131 - 162.","Sugi, S. (Ed.) (1987) Larvae of Larger Moths in Japan. Kodansha, Tokyo, 453 pp.","Holloway, J. D. (1997) The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Sterrhinae, Larentiinae, Adding to other subfailies. Malayan Nature Journal, 10, 1 - 242.","Stadie, D. & Stadie, Ph. (2016) The Problepsis ocellata Frivaldszky, 1845 species lineage - an integrative survey of their morphology, species radiation, distribution and ecology (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Sterrhinae). Esperiana, 20 (2), 381 - 429.","Hausmann, A. (2004) The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 2. Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 600 pp.","Prout, L. B. (1912 - 1916) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 4. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 479, pls. 1 - 25.","Sihvonen, P. (2005) Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 473 - 530."]}

Problepsis transvehens (Prout, 1918) comb. nov. Figs 14, 41, 62, 83, 100 Somatina transvehens Prout, 1918, Novit. zool., 25: 81. Holotype ♂, China: Hainan, Manchyo (NHM). Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are characterized by: the male pectinations are short than the diameter of the shaft; the vertex is black, and diffused with white on the posterior margin; the hind tarsus of the male is about two-fifths length of the tibia; the forewing R5 is shortly stalked with R2-4 or separate; the ocellus of fore- and hind wings are incomplete, the former is narrow band-like, covered by pale yellowish brown mixed with silvery scales, the latter is indistinct, cosists of two silvery lines and sparse yellowish brown scales centrally. The diagnosis of the male genitalia could be seen under P. delphiaria auriculifera. The female genitalia are unique in the small semicircular lamella postvaginalis and the short partly sclerotized ductus bursae. Material examined. CHINA: Guangdong (IZCAS): 2♀, Zhanjiang, Donghai Island, Dongjian, 20 m, 28.IV.2014, coll. Li Xinxin, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04125. Hainan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jianfengling, 14.V.1982, coll. Liu Yuanfu, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04124. Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hainan). Remarks. Prout (1938) mentioned this species shows the venational transitions between Somatina Guen��e, 1858 and Problepsis. Later, Sihvonen (2005) mentinoned the species should probably be combined with Problepsis, as it has weakly developed ocellus and slivery scales. In our study, we found this species well agrees with Problepsis in the wing patterns and the genitalia, especially the slivery (opalescent) scales on the wings. Hausmann (2004) mentioned the structure and arrangement of the opalescent scales are unique in Geometridae. Therefore we transfer this species to Problepsis., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1918) New species and forms of Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 25, 76 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29762","Guenee, M. A. (1858) Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, M. A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes (Species General des Lepidopteres). Vol. 10. Roret, Paris, 584 pp., 22. pls","Sihvonen, P. (2005) Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143, 473 - 530.","Hausmann, A. (2004) The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 2. Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 600 pp."]}

Problepsis delphiaria (Guenée, 1858) Argyris delphiaria Guenée, 1858, in Boisduval & Guenée, Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. gén. Lépid.) 10: 14. Holotype ♂, India (central) (NHM). Problepsis delphiaria: Prout, 1934, in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 61: 157. Remarks. At present, P. delphiaria has two subspecies, P. delphiaria delphiaria (Guenée, 1858) is distributed in India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia (Sumatra), and could be distinguished from P. delphiaria auriculifera Warren, 1897 by the larger size (Prout 1920 –1941; Holloway 1997)., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on page 115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Guenee, M. A. (1858) Boisduval, J. B. A. D. & Guenee, M. A., Histoire Naturelle des Insectes (Species General des Lepidopteres). Vol. 10. Roret, Paris, 584 pp., 22. pls","Prout, L. B. (1934 - 1939) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Bd. 4 (Supplement). Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 253, pls. 1 - 18.","Warren, W. (1897) New genera and species of Moths from the Old-World Regions in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 4, 12 - 130.","Prout, L. B. (1920 - 1941) The Indoaustralian Geometridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Macrolepid. World. Vol. 12. Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 356, pls. 1 - 41, 50.","Holloway, J. D. (1997) The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Sterrhinae, Larentiinae, Adding to other subfailies. Malayan Nature Journal, 10, 1 - 242."]}

Problepsis crassinotata Prout, 1917 Figs 18, 44, 65, 85, 102 Problepsis crassinotata Prout, 1917, Novit. zool., 24: 310. Holotype ♂, India: Khasi Hills (NHM). Diagnosis. The species is characterized by the following characters: the male antenna is dentate; the vertex is black; the hind tarsus of the male is about two-fifths the length of the tibia; the ocellus of the forewing is rounded, consists of an incomplete black inner ring and covered by greyish silvery scales; the ocellus of the hind wing is digitiform and narrow at anterior half, broad and rounded at posterior half, darker than that of the forewing, and contains a dark greyish silvery inner ring at posterior half. The male genitalia of the species are similar to P. diazoma Prout, 1938, but the base of the valvula is much narrower, without a small digitiform process inside; the apical spine of the aedeagus and the coecum penis is larger; the vesica has two narrow, long, curved sclerotized band and one tiny lobe, while the later lobe is replaced by two small lobes and one large spinous lobe in P. diazoma;the central process of the eighth sternite of the male is much shorter. The female genitalia of the species are also very close to P. diazoma in the short and dilated ductus bursae and the signum, but the two digitiform membranous processes of the posterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis are smaller. Material examined. CHINA: Henan (IZCAS): 3 ♂, Xixia, Taiping, 834 m, 5���6.VIII.2013, coll. Cui Le et al. Shaanxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Liuba, Miaotaizi, 1350 m, 21.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian; 1 ♂, Shangnan, Jinsixia, 777 m, 23��� 25.VII.2013, coll. Jiang Nan; 1 ♂, Xunyang, Bailiu, Jinxinyuan Shanzhuang, 386 m, 1���3.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang. Gansu (IZCAS): 5 ♂ 1♀, Wenxian, VI.���IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian, IZCAS slide no. Geom-04581; 1 ♂ 1♀, Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2200���2300 m, 16���19.VII.2003, coll. Wang Hongjian; 1 ♂, Wenxian, Liujiaping, 800 m, 27.VI.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng; 3 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou, 620���720 m, 28.VII.1999, 15���16.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang et al.; 6 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou protect station, 645 m, 6���7., 11.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-04580; 4 ♂, Wenxian, Bikou, Bifenggou, 720 m, 8���10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui et al. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Lin���an, West Tianmu Shan, 1500 m. 28���29.VII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1♀, West Tian mu Shan, Xianrending, 1506 m, 27.VII.2011, coll. Yan Keji; 1 ♂, Qingyuan, Baishanzu, 1470 m, 11.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang; 2 ♂, Jingning, Wangdongyang Gaoshan wetland, 1010 m, 7���8.VIII.2016, coll. Li Xinxin. Hubei (IZCAS): 5 ♂ 4♀, Shennongjia, 920 m, 31.VIII.���1.IX.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 2 ♂, Shennongjia, Honghua, 860 m, 17���18.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1 ♂, Shennongjia, Dongxi, 600 m, 3.VIII.1998, coll. Ye Chanjuan; 2 ♂, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1300 m, 21.VI.1993, coll. Huang Runzhi et al. Jiangxi (IZCAS): 5 ♂ 1♀, Lu Shan, 12��� 18.VI.1974, 29, 30.VI.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 1 ♂, Dayu, 16.VIII.1985, coll. Song Shimei; 3 ♂, Jinggang Shan, Huangyangjie, 1090 m, 4.VIII.2013, coll. Yang Chao et al. Hunan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Dayong, Zhushitou, 18.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 2 ♂, Yongshun, Shanmuhe Linchang, 600 m, 3.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 2 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitianba, 370 m, 31.VII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 3 ♂, Sangzhi, Bamaoxi, Shuitiannan, 370 m, 1, 7.VIII.2009, coll. Wei Zhongmin; 1 ♂, Sangzhi, Badagong Shan, Xiaozhuangping, 1420 m, 14.VI.2015, coll. Yao Jian. Fujian (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Wuyi Shan, 14.IX.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin; 6 ♂, Wuyi Shan, Sangang, 700 m, 11.VIII.1980, 26.V.���5.VI.1983, 13���15.VIII.2006, coll. Wang Jiashe et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03398; 1 ♂, Chong���an, Xingcun, Guadun, 950���1210 m, 12.VIII.1979, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Guilin, 30.VI.1980; 1 ♂, Da���an, 19.VI.1980, coll. Qi Shicheng. Guangxi (IZCAS): 4 ♂, Mao���er Shan, Antangping, 1579 m, 17���18.VIII.2012, coll. Cheng Rui et al.; 1 ♂, Mao���er Shan, Gaozhai, 448 m, 13���15.VIII.2012, coll. Yang Chao; 1 ♂, Huanjiang, Yangmei���ao, 1189 m, 18���22.VII.2015, coll. Jiang Nan. Sichuan (IZCAS): 1 ♂ 1♀, Emei Shan, 6.VIII.1977; 3 ♂, Guanxian, Qingcheng Shan, 700���1600 m, 22.V.���3.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping; 1 ♂, Dukou, 21.VI.1981, coll. Zhang Baolin. Chongqing (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Chengkou, Daba Shan, Qinglongxia, 950 m, 28.VII.2013, coll. Cheng Rui. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Jiangkou, Fanjing Shan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei; 1 ♂, Shiqian, Jinxing, 22.VII.1988; 1 ♂, Libo, Weng���ang, 810 m, 23���26.VII.2015, coll. Jiang Nan. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂ 1♀, Lijiang, Yulong Shan, Yuhu, 2700 m, 27.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1 ♂, Yunlong, Baishi, Zhonghe, 2500 m, 16.VII.1980; 1 ♂, Lushui, Pianma, 1980 m, 3���4.VII.2014, coll. Pan Xiaodan; 8 ♂ 1♀, Weixi, Tacheng, 2800 m, 13���14.VII.2014, coll. Pan Xiaodan et al, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03394, 0 3395, 0 4582. Tibet (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Nyingchi, P��lung, 2115 m, 1���2.IX.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian; 13 ♂ 4♀, Bomi, Tongmai, 1960���2100 m, 29���31.VIII.2005, 29���30.VIII.2006, 13���14.VIII.2014, 13���14.VI.2016; coll. Wang Xuejian et al., IZCAS slide no. Geom-03396, 03397; 1♀, M��dog, 1091 m, 20.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1 ♂, M��dog, 80k, 2095 m, 1���3.VIII.2014, coll. Cui Le et al.; 2 ♂, Zay��, Shang Zay��, 1812���1960 m, 21���23.VIII.2005, 10���11. VIII.2 0 14, coll. Cheng Rui et al.; 2 ♂, Zay��, 2178 m, 8.VIII.2014, coll. Cui Le et al.; 3 ♂, Zay��, 1 km north of Zhowagoin, 1973 m, 27.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Hong. Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India., Published as part of Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, pp. 101-127 in Zootaxa 4392 (1) on pages 118-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1195157, {"references":["Prout, L. B. (1917) On new and insufficiently known indo-australian Geometridae. Novitates Zoologicae, 24, 293 - 317."]}