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INTRODUÇÃO:O linfedema é uma condição crônica caracterizada por acúmulo anormal de líquido intersticial rico em proteína, como consequência de uma disfunção congênita (primária) ou adquirida (secundária). A neoplasia maligna é a etiologia mais frequente de linfedemas secundários. O manejo do linfedema é desafiador, uma vez que não existe uma abordagem padronizada.OBJETIVO:Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as diferentes estratégias terapêuticas disponíveis, dando ênfase no linfedema em pacientes oncológicos.MÉTODOS:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos coletados nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS e EMBASE; por meio dos termos: “Breast Cancer Lymphedema”; “Lymphatic Diseases”; “Lymphedema”; “Neoplasms”; “Non-Filarial Lymphedema”; e “Therapeutics”. Foram incluídos estudos com dados relevantes sobre a temática abordada, artigos redigidos apenas na língua inglesa e estudos disponíveis na íntegra.RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO:Um centro multidisciplinar especializado em linfedema oferece o melhor tratamento para pacientes oncológicos. A abordagem inclui elevação da extremidade afetada, cuidados com a pele e compressão através do uso de malhas estáticas ou dispositivos pneumáticos. A cirurgia é considerada apenas em último caso, após a falha da terapia conservadora e em pacientes com morbidade significativa. Pacientes com linfedema apresentam risco aumentado de infecções e devem manter a pele hidratada e realizar banhos frequentes. O exercício físico não é contra indicado e pode melhorar a condição ao aumentar o fluxo linfático. A terapia física complexa combina cuidados com a pele, bandagens, exercícios e drenagem linfática manual. O laser de baixa potência tem mostrado resultados promissores na redução do volume do membro afetado. Além disso, é importante fornecer apoio psicossocial aos pacientes, pois o linfedema pode afetar negativamente a qualidade de vida.CONCLUSÃO:Em suma, o tratamento multidisciplinar do linfedema em pacientes oncológicos envolve elevação, cuidados com a pele, compressão, terapia física complexa e, em último caso, cirurgia. No entanto, vale ressaltar que o tratamento deste estado edematoso não leva a uma cura definitiva, mas sim a uma melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos portadores.

Demand response is a very flexible way to improve distributed energy resources scheduling. The innovative contribution of this paper is to include in the model complex contracts approach, which can accommodate constraints according to the particular expectations of each player. Such contracts are included in the distributed energy resources scheduling optimization to dispatch demand response according to the consumers expectations. Multi­period demand response events are considered. In this way, consumers can specify limits on the time, power, and remuneration regarding participation in demand response events, in a way that has not been considered in the literature. The state of the art treats these aspects separately or using a statistic approach, without providing consumers with options to combine their preferences regarding different aspects of their flexibility deployment. The model has been validated for 218 consumers using several scenarios and different types of distributed generation, showing that it is possible to increase demand response respecting consumers preferences., This work has received funding from the COLORS Project, from FEDER Funds through COMPETE Program, and from National Funds through (FCT) under the project UIDB/00760/2020, and CEECIND/02887/2017.

Center pivot systems are widely used to overcome the irrigation needs of agricultural fields. In this paper, an autonomous approach is proposed in order to improve the low efficiency of irrigation by developing a system based on the water requirement of the plantations, through field data. The data are local temperature, local wind, soil moisture, precipitation forecast, and soil evapotranspiration calculation. This information enables the system to calculate the real evapotranspiration for not being necessary to restrict to lysimetric measures. By this way, the system schedules the irrigation for the lower cost periods, considering the produced energy by the local resources, and the price of energy purchased from the utility grid. Also, it is considered that the irrigation must be carried out within the time interval in which the plantations do not reach the wilding point, so it will be carried out at the periods with the lowest cost. This will optimize the overall operational costs of the irrigation., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following project: Eco Rural IoT project funded by TETRAMAX-VALUECHAIN-TTX-1, and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

Multi-agent systems are widely used tools to simulate and study the energy sector because of their distributed architecture. There are several simulator tools available in literature, however, much of these prove to be very domain specific. The emergence of the Tools Control Center tool allows these simulators to cooperate in order to solve more comprehensive problems and more complex scenarios. This paper presents a module of this tool known as Demand Response Registration Digital, which allows the study of the model and programs of Demand Response. To understand the operation of this module, an example is given considering a wind curtailment scenario., UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT

Projeto para complemento as técnicas de ostomia.

Nowadays, electricity network operators obligated to utilize the new concepts of power system, such as demand response program, due to peak shaving or reducing the power congestion in the peak periods. These types of management programs have a minimum capacity level for the consumers who tend to participate. This makes small and medium scale consumer incapable to participate in these programs. Therefore, a third party entity, such as a Curtailment Service Provider, can be a solution for this barrier since it is a bridge between the demand side and grid side. This paper provides a real-time simulation of a curtailment service provider that utilize realtime demand response programs for small and medium consumers and prosumers. The case study of the paper represents a network with 220 consumers and 68 distributed generations, which aims at the behavior of two small and medium scale prosumers during a real-time demand response program., This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794 (project DREAMGO) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT, under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

The growing number of distributed energy resources in power systems, leads to the appearance of new entities and roles for the existing ones that affect the operation of the network. One of these entities with more relevance, is the aggregator, either independent or represented by public organizations. An aggregator manages small-size distributed energy resources, creating a virtual amount of energy flexibility that can be used by it, to enable participation in energy markets and capitalize the integration of distributed energy resources. This paper proposes a two-stage optimization methodology for the operation of an aggregator regarding distributed energy resources. In a first stage, the network part managed by the aggregator is scheduled, meaning at a macro perspective, while in the second stage, it is assumed that the distributed energy resources are also scheduled considering their operation. It is assumed that this second stage is enabled due to an aggregator’s communication infrastructure and interconnected management systems.

Power systems worldwide are complex and challenging environments. The increasing necessity for an adequate integration of renewable energy sources is resulting in a rising complexity in power systems operation. Multiagent based simulation platforms have proven to be a good option to study the several issues related to these systems. This paper presents an emulation of a laboratorial microgrid based on distributed control architecture. The proposed model contains real consumption and generation resources, including consumer load, photovoltaic, and wind turbine emulator. Also, a web-based graphical interface has been designed in order to monitor and control the microgrid. In this system, there are four main agents, which are connected by means of a communication network capable of sharing and exchanging information to achieve the overall system’s goal. The performance of the distributed architecture is demonstrated in order to observe the applicability of the agents and their collaboration abilities. The results of the paper show in practice that how a distributed control based microgrid manages its resources, and how it reacts if there is a fault or no activity on them.

The efficient use of electricity and how people approach it, is a topic that has a big impact on the environment and society. The consumption management will be improved by the monitoring and the controlling of electrical installations. Communication is a key part in this process and that is why the improvement of data transmission is very important to obtain a controlled process. Transferring data is achieved by sending an electromagnetic signal by means of different types of communications channels. This paper presents a connection between a superior network and an external one to create the possibility of monitoring and controlling devices linked to the networks in a research institution (GECAD). The communication devices used are modems which use radio waves to make the transmission. A program has been created to access the data of an energy meter to obtain knowledge on how to implement analyzers in a SCADA system to improve monitoring of an electrical installation. This assignment will achieve a better understanding of the different protocols and operation modes., This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794 (project DREAMGO) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT, under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

Home management systems are evolving to enable a more adaptive model to the many consumer’s behaviors, such as, periods of more consumption, habits of appliance use, amongst others. In another perspective, there are processes that require a start-after and sequential operation of multiple appliances, which currently is not a feature that exists in many of the home management systems. The present paper proposes a model to formulate sequential appliances load shifting, such that, the respective processes that the consumer has are maintained implemented correctly. The case study considers multiple appliances that exist in a home, with a sampling of 15 minutes, which is important in order to better observe the appliances consumption cycles., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 641794); EUREKA - ITEA2 Project SEAS with project number 12004; AVIGAE Project (P2020 - 3401); and UID/EEA/00760/2013 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

The daily increment of the electricity demand in worldwide, obliges the electricity providers to hardly manage the relation between the generation and consumption. Therefore, the electricity operators should keep a gap between the total amount of generation and consumption in order to have not met the lack of energy generation, which leads to provide more energy resources. There is another solution to keep the gap between the amount of generation and consumption, which is defining such a program in specific periods for the demand side in order to reduce their consumption in response to the incentive paid by the electricity providers. This is defined as demand response program. These kinds of programs have been implemented worldwide, especially North America. Therefore, this paper provides a summarized report of the implemented DR programs on North American in 2015. More than 45 demand response programs have been surveyed and investigated. The main contribution of this paper is to compare the implemented DR programs parameters between 2013 and 2015. The results indicates that most of DR programs have kept the same values in the parameters, and there are several DR programs that they are not exist in 2013 and have been implemented in 2015., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following project: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794).

The recursive implementation of smart grid measures in the current energy systems, introduces demand-side resources to new concepts that require their active participation and management. However, these management systems often don’t consider a human factor, i.e. the features that effect the personal comfort of each person, e.g. the lighting, air conditioning, appliances in a given space. In this way, the present paper proposes a methodology for dealing with locational sensor data, to perform the implementation of demand response programs. At the same time, the methodology addresses the scheduling of distributed generation and external suppliers to balance the consumer’s load. The proposed methodology is tested on a case study involving the management of an office building, adapted to simulated sensor data.

With the increase of the production of electricity through renewable sources and the with the growing penetration of distributed production (decentralized production) as well as the implementation of the concept of Demand Response (DR), it is progressively possible to operate distribution networks autonomously. The aim of the DR concept it is to reduce consumption in exchange of an incentive or remuneration, when requested. This article studies the implementation of DR in a distribution network in order to verify what type of remuneration (tariff) suits best, from the point of view of the network operator., This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794 (project DREAMGO) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT, under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

The growing number of distributed energy resources in power systems, leads to the appearance of new entities and roles for the existing ones that affect the operation of the network. One of these entities with more relevance, is the aggregator, either independent or represented by public organizations. An aggregator manages small-size distributed energy resources, creating a virtual amount of energy flexibility that can be used by it, to enable participation in energy markets and capitalize the integration of distributed energy resources. This paper proposes a two-stage optimization methodology for the operation of an aggregator regarding distributed energy resources. In a first stage, the network part managed by the aggregator is scheduled, meaning at a macro perspective, while in the second stage, it is assumed that the distributed energy resources are also scheduled considering their operation. It is assumed that this second stage is enabled due to an aggregator’s communication infrastructure and interconnected management systems., This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794 (project DREAMGO) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT, under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

According to importance of demand response programs in last decades, many efforts have been made to change the consumption patterns of the users, and the use of renewable resources has also increased. Significant part of energy consumption belongs to the entire kinds of the buildings such as residential, commercial, and office buildings. In this context, the air conditioners can play an important role in demand response programs. Air conditioners can be as thermostatically controllable appliances for direct load control demand response program. In this paper, an optimization algorithm is developed to optimize the power consumption of air conditioners based on the user preferences to maintain the user comfort. The methodology of this work is proposed as a linear optimization problem that consider the generation of a renewable energy resource, which supplies a part of the energy consumption of the building. For the case study, the amount of the renewable energy generation, total consumption of building, and the consumption of the air conditioners in a real research building are considered and the optimization has been done based on the realistic data., This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794 (project DREAMGO) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT, under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

Demand Response programs have been assuming lot of importance in the simulations for electric systems in the last years. Their evolution brought to the need of new models able to consider the power consumption profile for every category of user; moreover, in order to better match energy consumptions and productions, highly precise forecasts of loads’ profiles will be needed. This goal can be achieved also thanks to the definition of the elasticity factor. This paper proposes a way to obtain the elasticity price value for the BTE type of user together with an interpolation able to predict it. It will be discussed about the importance of having a real-time elasticity value able to vary according to specific factors, as for example user’s habits during the weekends or weekdays and weather forecasts., CONTEST Project (P2020 - 23575), and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

The need to increase the share of renewable energy resources in several countries around the world led to the development of new strategies, in order to implement more effective energy policies. These resources have a distributed nature and are one of the main paths to incentive the reduction of CO2 emissions, and their impact on the environment. Many countries are making efforts to advance in the implementation of their own strategies to achieve the fossil fuels independency. Therefore, the intent is to stipulate energy policies that increase renewable energy share in the energy mix. These policies depend on regulations, taxation, incentives and promotional schemes. In this paper, it is presented a brief introduction to the energy policies in two countries, Denmark and Finland. Demand Response (DR) aspects and its impact in the energy market are also discussed.

The unplanned power outages have occurred for all of us, and we know that from the household inhabitant’s standpoint, power outage even for a short period of time is not pleasant. This matter is also true for the residential buildings that are far from the main cities, namely in the countryside or in a small village, and they may have a power outage for a long-term even with a small problem in the power transmission lines. Therefore, an energy solution module is required in order to prevent power outage for household inhabitants. In this paper, an off-grid energy sustainability solution for residential buildings will be represented by considering several small-scale generators. The module consists of several microgeneration units and energy storage systems for maintaining the energy balance. Also, a software-based control unit is used for controlling the production. The main focus is given to survey the performance of the wind turbine utilized in this energy module. The behavior of an induction machine and a permanent magnet machine will be investigated in two levels of simulation and emulation in order to realize the best solution for the wind turbine of presented energy module., UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

The use of renewable generation and demand response programs become a reality in the nowadays electricity markets and distribution networks. An intelligent energy management system is required in all levels of electricity supply chain, in order to efficiently profit from the distributed energy sources. However, before the implementation of the business models, the mathematical and simulation models should be well surveyed and verified. This paper presents a model of low voltage distribution network of a university campus developed in MATLAB/Simulink tools. Several types of resource modelings have been used in order to develop a reliable distribution network model. In the case study of this paper, the real consumption profiles of the buildings located in the university campus are provided to the developed model and the behaviors of the network components are surveyed., UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

Nowadays electricity system is looking for innovation in its role. New approaches are being able to discuss because of several issues as environmental, costs, quality and reliability of the electric energy production. In this paper one more aggregation’s scheme for demand response will be proposed. Based on National Grid’s programs that already exist in the market which will be shown on the current paper. This paper will be a support for a master thesis in electrical engineering based on the same topic.

The use of demand response programs and distributed renewable energy resources play an important role in nowadays electricity markets. Most of the demand response programs are performed for large-scale resources. This is a barrier for the small and medium scale consumers, producers, and prosumers in order to participate in the electricity market negotiations. To overcome this barrier, a third-party entity, such as community or an aggregator, should play a role an intermediate player between the end-users and network operators. However, before the implementation of the business models, they should be well surveyed in term of economic and financial profits in order to prevent future problems. This paper proposes an economic survey on a community of the consumers and distributed generations, considering different pricing schemes. The community consists of residential, commercial, and industrial consumers as well as photovoltaic and wind turbines. In this survey, the annual costs of this community are investigated considering the current pricing schemes in two countries of Portugal and Germany., UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

The recursive implementation of smart grid measures in the current energy systems, introduces demand-side resources to new concepts that require their active participation and management. However, these management systems often don’t consider a human factor, i.e. the features that effect the personal comfort of each person, e.g. the lighting, air conditioning, appliances in a given space. In this way, the present paper proposes a methodology for dealing with locational sensor data, to perform the implementation of demand response programs. At the same time, the methodology addresses the scheduling of distributed generation and external suppliers to balance the consumer’s load. The proposed methodology is tested on a case study involving the management of an office building, adapted to simulated sensor data., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following project: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794).

Distributed energy resources integration into energy markets and power systems operation has been one of the main concerns of operators and other entities, mainly because of the recent growth and the features that these resources can provide. The need for managing tools that provide solutions to these concerns is evident, and can be addressed through several ways. The present paper proposes a model for the integration of distributed energy resources into power systems operation using an aggregator. The management considers the aggregator’s perspective, and therefore, the objective is to minimize the costs of system balance. For this, it is proposed a re-scheduling of resources, i.e. after a first scheduling with individual prices the resources are clustered, and for each group, a tariff is defined and applied to each of the resources that belong to it, being then scheduled again considering the new group tariffs., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794); EUREKA - ITEA2 Project SEAS with project number 12004; NETEFFICITY Project (P2020 - 18015); and UID/EEA/00760/2013 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

Center pivor systems are widely used to suppress the irrigation needs of agricultural fields. In this article, we propose an autonomous to improve the low efficiency of this method of irrigation, developing a system based on the water requirement of the plantation, through field data (local temperature, local wind, soil moisture and precipitation forecast) and soil evapotranspiration calculation. The stored information will allow to calculatem the real evapotranspiration, not being necessary to restrict to lysometric measures. Accordingly, it is possible to schedule the irrigation for the period in which it has the lowest cost, considering the energy produced locally and the price of energy bought in the main market. Irrigation must be carried out within the time interval in which the plantation does not reach the wilding point, so it will be carried out at the time of the lowest cost., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following project: Eco Rural IoT project funded by TETRAMAX-VALUECHAIN-TTX-1, and UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

Several countries promote wind energy despite their high installation cost, since over time these investments can become profitable. It is important that energy entrepreneurs have up-to-date information of operation parameters, to identify places where excessive energy consumption occurs. For energy management, it is necessary to have an overview of the whole system, such that reporting and further result analysis can be made. With monitoring and control systems, it is possible to enable an improved management of resources, especially in terms of balance between generation and consumption. In this work, it is proposed a graphical interface to monitor and control a wind turbine, in a simulation environment running four operation scenarios., The present work was done and funded in the scope of the following projects: H2020 DREAM-GO Project (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794); EUREKA - ITEA2 Project SEAS with project number 12004; NETEFFICITY Project (P2020 - 18015); and UID/EEA/00760/2013 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

Power systems worldwide are complex and challenging environments. The increasing necessity for an adequate integration of renewable energy sources is resulting in a rising complexity in power systems operation. Multiagent based simulation platforms have proven to be a good option to study the several issues related to these systems. This paper presents an emulation of a laboratorial microgrid based on distributed control architecture. The proposed model contains real consumption and generation resources, including consumer load, photovoltaic, and wind turbine emulator. Also, a web-based graphical interface has been designed in order to monitor and control the microgrid. In this system, there are four main agents, which are connected by means of a communication network capable of sharing and exchanging information to achieve the overall system’s goal. The performance of the distributed architecture is demonstrated in order to observe the applicability of the agents and their collaboration abilities. The results of the paper show in practice that how a distributed control based microgrid manages its resources, and how it reacts if there is a fault or no activity on them., This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641794 (project DREAMGO) and from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT, under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

The increment of the electricity consumption around the world has led many efforts on the network operators to reduce the consumption in the demand side and encourage to increase the use of renewable energies. Since the buildings have a significant part in energy consumption, and lighting systems have an important role in the energy consumption of the buildings, the optimization of the lighting system should be effective. Hence, the focus of this paper is to minimize the lamps consumption of a residential house based on electricity price and try to take advantages from photovoltaic generation as much as possible. The methodology of this work is proposed as a linear optimization problem that manages the generation of a renewable energy resource, which supplies a part of the energy consumption of the house. For the case studies, the amount of the renewable energy generation, total consumption of building, consumption of the lights, and electricity price are considered., UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT

With the smart energy management system household residential appliances is able to participate in the demand response events. To reduce peak load demand and complexities in the local infrastructure DR can play an important role now a days. This paper presents a study and analysis of several papers on residential EWH DR modeling and implementation. It shows an overview of analysis of the most used and recent DR models for EWH. It also shows the analysis of the used methods to model this and the used approach in several papers. Additionally, the discussed consumer comforts and obtainable benefits in several papers by participating in DR events is also shown here. The study and analysis in this paper will contribute to the future research and encourage the end users to participate in households DR events., UID/EEA/00760/2019 funded by FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and by National Funds through FCT.

Flexibility aggregators are becoming a trend in European energy markets, joining several consumers and small-size distributed generators to their portfolio, enabling market participation. Also, the interest growth in clean energy resources and in smart grid concepts such as demand response and communication infrastructures, has led to a facilitation in the integration of these flexibility resources. In this paper, it is proposed a methodology that supports the aggregator in its energy management and resources scheduling. The work focuses on a rescheduling method that uses aggregation and remuneration processes to define new tariffs for consumers participating in a load curtailment demand response program. Aggregation is performed using the clustering algorithm, k-means, while the remuneration process defines a tariff per group formed by computing the arithmetic average of the consumer’s prices belonging to each group., This work has been developed under the EUREKA - ITEA2 Project FUSE-IT (ITEA-13023), Project GREEDI (ANI|P2020 17822), and has received funding from FEDER Funds through COMPETE program and from National Funds through FCT under the project UID/EEA/00760/2013.

Energy policies have been widely developed in the recent past as sequence of the increasing relevance of distributed energy resources potential in power systems, namely in achieving the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions gaining independence from fossil fuels. Thus, the main factions in the world, as North America and Europe, have been focusing on the implementation of new energy policies capable of managing several types of energy sources considering their decentralized characteristics. In this way, the present work provides an introduction of how the new energy policies, concerning distributed energy resources, are working towards the increase of these resources penetration in the energy mix. Some successful case studies are presented, namely from Europe, to assess the benefits of such policies to consumers, to producers and to energy market as a whole.