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Dinoflagellates are photosynthetic protists commonly distributed in marine and freshwater environments and can be found in symbiotic associations. They are a significant primary producer and play a fundamental role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems – especially for coral reefs. Dinoflagellates can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, and their toxins can affect fish, birds and mammals. In recent years these toxins have been found to have potential cytotoxic, anticancer, antibiotics, antifungals activities. This mini review covers the main genera of dinoflagellates, and challenges and advances in their cultivation in addition to prospects for development of dinoflagellates-based products., This study was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil - Finance Code 001 and AOG is thankful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (PQ 308063/2019-8)., {"references":["Anderson, D.M., Alpermann, T.J., Cembella, A.D., Collos, Y., Masseret, E. & Montresor, M. (2012). The globally distributed genus Alexandrium: multifaceted roles in marine ecosystems and impacts on human health. Harmful Algae 14: 10-35.","Bachvaroff, T.R., Adolf, J.E., Place & A.R. (2009). Strain variation in Karlodinium veneficum (Dinophyceae): toxin profiles, pigments, and growth characteristics. Journal of Phycology 45: 137-153.","Balech, E. (1989). Redescription of Alexandrium minutum Halim (Dinophyceae) type species of the genus Alexandrium. 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