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Melanconis-like fungi are distributed in several families of Diaporthales, mainly Juglanconidaceae, Melanconidaceae, Melanconiellaceae and Pseudomelanconidaceae. A new Melanconis-like genus of Pseudomelanconidaceae was discovered on branches of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) in southern China, which was confirmed by both morphology and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, tef1a and rpb2 sequences. The new genus Micromelanconis is characterized by two types of conidia from natural substrate and manual media of PDA, respectively. Conidia from Chinese chestnut branches are pale brown, ellipsoid, multiguttulate, aseptate with hyaline sheath. While conidia from PDA plates are pale brown, long dumbbell-shaped, narrow at the middle and wide at both ends, multiguttulate, aseptate, and also with hyaline sheath. All Pseudomelanconidaceae species were only reported on tree branches in China until now. More interesting taxa may be discovered if detailed surveys on tree-inhabiting fungi are carried out in East Asia in the future.

Diaporthales is a fungal order comprising important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of woody hosts. It is often difficult to differentiate the pathogens in this order, since both the morphology and disease symptoms are similar among the various species. In the current study, we obtained 15 representative diaporthalean isolates from six tree hosts belonging to plant families Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Rosaceae, and Ulmaceae from Mount Dongling in China. Six species were identified residing in four families of Diaporthales (Diaporthaceae, Erythrogloeaceae, Juglanconidaceae and Melanconidaceae). Based on morphological comparison and the phylogenetic analyses of partial ITS, LSU,cal,his3,rpb2,tef1-αandtub2gene sequences, we identified five known species (Diaporthe betulina,D. eres,D. rostrata,Juglamconis oblongaandMelanconis stilbostoma) and one novel species (Dendrostoma donglinensis). These results represent the first study of diaporthalean fungi associated with canker and dieback symptoms from Mount Dongling in Beijing, China.

Melanconis-like species comprise latent fungal pathogens with a wide range of woody hosts. Taxonomy of these pathogens is difficult due to their uninformative descriptions and similar asexual morphology. Based on molecular phylogenies, many species of this group were placed in various families of Diaporthales. In this study, eight species of melanconis-like fungi were isolated from Betulaalbosinensis, B.platyphylla (Betulaceae), Cornuscontroversa (Cornaceae), Corylusmandshurica (Betulaceae) and Juglansregia (Juglandaceae) in China. These species were phylogenetically placed in three families of Diaporhthales, i.e. Juglanconisjuglandina, J.oblonga (Juglanconidaceae), Melanconiellabetulicolasp. nov., M.corylinasp. nov. (Melanconiellaceae), Melanconisbetulae, Ms.itoana, Ms.stilbostoma (Melanconidaceae) and one new genus, Sheathospora (Melanconiellaceae). Sheathospora is proposed to accommodate Melanconiellacornuta with conical and discrete pycnidia with aseptate, hyaline, cylindrical to ellipsoidal conidia with distinct hyaline sheath on branches of Cornuscontroversa. Combined analyses of ITS, LSU, CAL, RPB2 and TEF1-α sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny. Additionally, we provided separate phylogenetic trees for three families (Juglanconidaceae, Melanconidaceae and Melanconiellaceae) to show the species distribution of melanconis-like fungi in China.

56. Titania [Titania] Meigen, 1800: 35. CURRENT STATUS: Name suppressed for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not the Principle of Homonymy by action of I.C.Z.N. (1955a: 421 [Opinion 348]; treated under Chlorops Meigen, 1803 [teste Sabrosky (1999: 308)]. FAMILY: CHLOROPIDAE. REMARKS: Titania Meigen (1800: 35) was declared an available name by two actions of the ICZN Commission (I.C.Z.N. 1910: 66 [Opinion 28], 1944: 181 [Opinion 152]). Later, in order to protect the younger name Chlorops Meigen, 1803, the ICZN Commission (I.C.Z.N. 1955a: 421 [Opinion 348]) ruled to suppress Titania Meigen, 1800 for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for the Principle of Homonymy; treated under Chlorops Meigen, 1803 [teste Nartshuk (2012: 26)]. Titania Meigen in Hendel, 1908: 63 . ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: None. FIRST INCLUDED SPECIES: Chlorops laeta Meigen, 1803 (in Coquillett 1910a: 615). TYPE SPECIES: Chlorops laeta Meigen, 1803, by subsequent designation (Coquillett 1910a: 615). CURRENT STATUS: Preoccupied by Titania Meigen, 1800; junior synonym of Chlorops Meigen, 1803. New Synonymy. REMARKS: Titania was originally proposed by Meigen (1800: 35) without included species, the entire work of which was subsequently suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by action of the I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339 [Opinion 678]). Hendel (1908: 63) was the first after Meigen (1800) to give characters to differentiate the taxon (reproducing Meigen’s characters) and to treat Titania as valid, which makes the name available from that work with Meigen as author. No species were included in Hendel (1908). The first included species is in Coquillett (1910a: 615), who designated Chlorops laeta Meigen, 1803 as the type species. The action of the I.C.Z.N. (1955a: 421 (Opinion 348) suppressed Titania only for the purpose of priority and not for homonymy. As there is no wording in Opinion 678 to contravene earlier rulings of names in Meigen (1800), this allows for Titania to be made available by subsequent usage as a valid taxon, but the name immediately becomes invalid as a junior homonym of Titania Meigen, 1800.

56. Titania [Titania] Meigen, 1800: 35. CURRENT STATUS: Name suppressed for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not the Principle of Homonymy by action of I.C.Z.N. (1955a: 421 [Opinion 348]; treated under Chlorops Meigen, 1803 [teste Sabrosky (1999: 308)]. FAMILY: CHLOROPIDAE. REMARKS: Titania Meigen (1800: 35) was declared an available name by two actions of the ICZN Commission (I.C.Z.N. 1910: 66 [Opinion 28], 1944: 181 [Opinion 152]). Later, in order to protect the younger name Chlorops Meigen, 1803, the ICZN Commission (I.C.Z.N. 1955a: 421 [Opinion 348]) ruled to suppress Titania Meigen, 1800 for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for the Principle of Homonymy; treated under Chlorops Meigen, 1803 [teste Nartshuk (2012: 26)]. Titania Meigen in Hendel, 1908: 63 . ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: None. FIRST INCLUDED SPECIES: Chlorops laeta Meigen, 1803 (in Coquillett 1910a: 615). TYPE SPECIES: Chlorops laeta Meigen, 1803, by subsequent designation (Coquillett 1910a: 615). CURRENT STATUS: Preoccupied by Titania Meigen, 1800; junior synonym of Chlorops Meigen, 1803. New Synonymy. REMARKS: Titania was originally proposed by Meigen (1800: 35) without included species, the entire work of which was subsequently suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by action of the I.C.Z.N. (1963: 339 [Opinion 678]). Hendel (1908: 63) was the first after Meigen (1800) to give characters to differentiate the taxon (reproducing Meigen���s characters) and to treat Titania as valid, which makes the name available from that work with Meigen as author. No species were included in Hendel (1908). The first included species is in Coquillett (1910a: 615), who designated Chlorops laeta Meigen, 1803 as the type species. The action of the I.C.Z.N. (1955a: 421 (Opinion 348) suppressed Titania only for the purpose of priority and not for homonymy. As there is no wording in Opinion 678 to contravene earlier rulings of names in Meigen (1800), this allows for Titania to be made available by subsequent usage as a valid taxon, but the name immediately becomes invalid as a junior homonym of Titania Meigen, 1800., Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L. & Pape, Thomas, 2017, Battling the un-dead: the status of the Diptera genus-group names originally proposed in Johann Wilhelm Meigen's 1800 pamphlet, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4275 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4275.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/804234, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1800) Nouvelle classification des mouches a deux ailes (Diptera L.) d'apres un plan tout nouveau. Par J. G. Meigen. \" An VIII (1800 v. s.) \". J. J. Fuchs, Paris, 40 pp. [before 22 September] [Dated from Thompson et al. (1999: 476).] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119764","Meigen, J. W. (1803) Versuch einer neuen Gattungs-Eintheilung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, 2, 259 - 281. [after 17 May] [Dated from Thompson et al. (1999: 476).]","Sabrosky, C. W. (1999) Family group names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. Myia, 9, 1 - 360. [before 4 April]","Nartshuk, E. P. (2012) A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa, 3267, 1 - 43. [12 April]","Hendel, F. (1908) Nouvelle classification des mouches a deux ailes (Diptera L.). D'apres un plan tout nouveau par J. G. Meigen, Paris, an VIII (1800 v. s.). Mit Kommentar herausgegeben von Friedrich Hendel. Verhandlungen der K. - k. Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 58, 43 - 69. [22 April]","Coquillett, D. W. (1910 a) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647. [4 August] https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.37 - 1719.499"]}

Information about the first finding in Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula of Boletus roseoalbidus (= Xerocomus roseoalbidus) is presented. A description and illustrations are provided upon the Bulgarian collections. Cytospora sacculus on Ailanthus altissima is a new record for Bulgaria. Four ascomycetes, Hyponectria buxi, Plagiosphaera immersa, Pleuroceras pleurostylum, Pseudovalsa umbonata, are reported for the first time from Bulgaria.

The known data on the diversity of the Diaporthales in Bulgaria are summarized and briefly discussed. For each taxon, the distribution throughout the country along with the literature sources referring to it and the herbarium acronym of the kept specimens are given. The information about the anamorphs of some diaporthalean species is also included. The species distribution by floristic regions is presented in a table.