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Curcumin plays an important role in controlling the physiological mechanisms of inflammation and protein degradation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of curcumin in turmeric on muscle damage in athletes. The present research is a quasi-experimental study applied for 45 volunteers from different active sports which were selected as a statistical sample with relative random sampling and received the desired supplement or placebo for two weeks, and were randomly divided into three groups: Maltodextrin placebo control group, (Pla 0.1gr/Kg/day), experimental group 1: intake of curcumin turmeric (Cur 1000mg/day) one hour before the test, experimental group 2: intake of curcumin turmeric (Cur 1000mg/day) immediately after the test. Before warm-up and protocol, immediately after protocol and 24 hours after resistance training protocol which included lower body leg press and upper body chest press with 80% of 1RM, 5 cc venous blood was collected from upper arm vein using syringe, and creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indices were measured by photometric method. Eventually, the obtained results were analyzed with SPSS24 software. The mean value of CK and LDH in the second phase after taking curcumin compared to the first phase and the control group, showed a significant decrease (p 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that curcumin contained in turmeric reduces the indicators of muscle damage (CK and LDH) in athletes.

Today, one of the primary goals of many schools in non-native English-speaking countries is to improve their students' level of English Competency. Many different approaches are used for this goal. In this study, one of these approaches, Action Learning Management Development (ALMD) Approach has been examined to study the present state and desirable state in academic management approaches to develop Siriwat Wittaya Primary students’ English Competency. A survey was conducted at Siriwat Wittaya School to determine the applicability of ALMD to increase English Competency of Primary students. The questionnaire was applied to 2 administrators and 12 foreign teachers who teach their subjects in English in Primary at Siriwat Wittaya School. The results were analyzed in SPSS program. Mean, standard deviation and PNI analyzes were performed for each stage in the ALMD both for the present state and the desirable state. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the writing skills’ priority need were high. According to the results of the analysis and the feedback from the teachers, it was revealed that some changes should be made in the ALMD approach. Because of this need, Project-Based Development (PBD) approach has been developed. The proposed PBD Approach consisted of 5 stages; need analysis (analyze and present problems), projects (set and agree on mutual goals), action plan (set joint diagnosis strategies and environment), action (develop and implement joint action plans) and evaluation (examine the results of action taken, revise strategies and leave participants self-supporting). There are some features that are not found in ALMD such as need prioritization and dynamic development. As a further study, the approach is planned to be tested with wide application through broad participation of Primary foreign teachers.

The degree of an individual patriotism is expected to influence his social duty performance and responsibility. So, it is a requirement to determine the factors effective on patriotism. So 555 students (F=307 n, M=248 n; M= 21 yrs) from Atatürk University participated in this study. Patriotism Attitude Scale (PAS) developed by Yazıcı (2010) was used to obtain the data. Data was analysed by In-depended T test and one way ANOVA at P=0.05 level. The results showed that there is a significantly difference between gender, family structure and performance level of sportive activities and the degree of patriotism attitude. There was not significantly difference between age and patriotism. The means of constructive patriotism (CP), subscale of PAS, among sport performing students are higher than sedentary subjects. Performance of sport activities has favourable effects on patriotism level. Sport activities have positive effects on the physical, social and cognitive development of students.