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1. Caracterização de uma leitora por luminescência opticamente estimulada utilizando dosímetros de BeO

Author: Barros, Cássia Eugênia, Pereira, Beatriz Hellen Aparecida, Cardoso, Rafael Batista, Perini, Ana Paula, Oliveira, Luiz Carlos de, Gonçalves Júnior, Antônio Ariza, Komatsu, Cássio Vilela, and Neves, Lucio Pereira
Subjects: LumiDeteck 3000, Luminescência opticamente estimulada, Proteção Radiológica, BeO, Dosimetria
Abstract: A técnica de dosimetria por luminescência opticamente estimulada (LOE) tem sido explorada há mais de uma década e já se mostrou promissora para dosimetria pessoal. O Óxido de Berílio (BeO) é um dos materiais que mais têm sido estudados para uso nessa modalidade de dosimetria, ainda tendo alguns aspectos que necessitam de mais investigações para serem completamente entendidos. Uma nova leitora de LOE, chamada LumiDeteck 3000, foi avaliada para leituras com dosímetros de BeO irradiados com doses de 0,1 Gy até 10 Gy. Os dosímetros também foram lidos em uma leitora de fabricação alemã, já certificada, para comparação. Limite inferior de detecção (LID) e reprodutibilidade foram calculados. A LumiDeteck 3000 apresentou limite inferior de detecção de 0,19 Gy. A reprodutibilidade das leituras não foi satisfatória para ambas as leitoras. A LumiDeteck 3000 apresentou relação dose- resposta linear.
Published: 2022
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2. Patrera procera

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy, Patrera procera
Abstract: Patrera procera (Keyserling, 1891) Figs 1A–G; 2A–D; 3A–F; 27C Anyphaena procera Keyserling, 1891: 86, figs 49–49a (Syntypes male and female from Rio de Janeiro (22°54’10”S; 43°12’28”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 7.I.1890, Keyserling leg., deposited in BMNH 1890.7.1.613-614, examined. Lectotype male and paralectotype female here designated). Teudis procerus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 518. Aysha cinereovittata Mello-Leitão, 1945: 242 (partim, only the females MLP; males = Iguarima censoria (Keyserling), see Brescovit, 1997: 50. Patrera procera: Brescovit, 1997: 33, 50. Other material examined. BRAZIL. No date, 1 &male; (MNHN 18666); Paraíba: João Pessoa, Mata do Buraquinho (7°8′17″S; 34°50′42″W), 1&female;, 2003–2004, S.C. Dias leg. (IBSP 99968); Areia, Reserva da Mata do Pau Ferro (06º57’S; 35º44’W), 1&male;, 23–29.IX.1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 138929); 2 &male; (IBSP 138939); 1&male; (IBSP 138949); 1&male; (IBSP 138950); 1&male; (IBSP 138958); 1&male; (IBSP 138960); all collected in 23–29.IX.1999 by A.D. Bresco- vit et al .; Bahia: 2&male; (MNHN 7135); Una, Reserva Biológica do Una (15°10′23″S; 39°7′56″W), 1&female;, 15–28.XI.2000, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 45700); Jussari (15°11’27”S; 39°29’42”W), 3&female;, 1970, Cepec / Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 3143); 1&male;, 1&female; (MNRJ 3236); 1&male; (MNRJ 3194); 2&male; (MNRJ 3256); 1&male;, 2&female; (MNRJ 13313); 2&male; (MNRJ 3183); Coaraci (14°38′27″S; 39°33′3″W), Fazenda Boa Esperança, 1&male;, 01.X.1970, Cepec/Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 3231); Mato Grosso do Sul: Bonito, Baia Bonita (21º09’S; 56º26’W), 1&male; (IBSP 138887); 1&female; (IBSP 138890); 3&male;, 2&female; (IBSP 138902); all collected in 14–23.X.2002, Equipe Biota; Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Estação Ecológica UFMG, Malaise trap (19°52′19″S 43°57′58″W), 2&male;, 09–16.XI.1999, J.C.R. Fontenelle leg. (IBSP 41119); Espírito Santo: São José do Calçado, Rio Itabapoana, Usina Hidrelétrica de Rosal (20°57’7”S; 41°43’5”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, XI.1999, I. Knysak leg. (IBSP 26383); Apiacá (21°9′14″S; 41°34′4″W), 1&male;, XI.1986, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 3188); Ca- riacica, Alto do Alegre, Reserva Estadual de Duas Caras (20°17’29.7”S; 40°31’10.2”W), 1&male;, 13.X.2005, T. Souza et al. leg. (IBSP 133182); Linhares, Flona de Goytacazes (19°23’48”S; 40°3’42”W), 42m alt., 2&male;, 21–23.X.2005, T. Souza et al. leg. (IBSP 134825); Conceição da Barra, Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto, Trilha do Mata-Pau, 60m alt. (18°24’00”S; 39°50’00”W), 1&male;, 19.X.2005, T. Souza et al. leg. (IBSP 135120); Rio de Janeiro: Volta Redonda, Floresta da Cicuta (22°32′53″S; 44°5′34″W), 3&female;, VIII.2002, E.L.C. Silva et al. leg. (IBSP 48942; IBSP 48950; IBSP 48954); Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (22°35′14.61″S; 42°56′24.69″W), 11&male; (IBSP 138968; IBSP 138970; IBSP 138972; IBSP 138974; IBSP 138984; IBSP 138991; IBSP 138993; IBSP 138994; IBSP 138997); all collected in 08–12.X.2001 by Equipe Biota; Pinheiral, Fazenda Santa Helena (22º34’00”S; 44º21’00”W), 21&male;, 3&female; (IBSP 139401; IBSP 139406-IBSP 139408; IBSP 139410; IBSP 139411; IBSP 139414; IBSP 139415; IBSP 139418-IBSP 139420; IBSP 139423-IBSP 139427; IBSP 139430; IBSP 139432- IBSP 139434); all collected in 05–11.X.1999 by A.D. Brescovit et al.; Pinheiro (currently Piraí, Pinheiral) (22°30′46″S; 44°00′3″W), 2&male;, I.1988, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 3189); 1&male;, 1&female;, 4#imm. [without date], C.F. de Mello-Leitão leg. (MNRJ 616); São Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio, Porto Cabral, Rio Paraná (24°31’00.1”S; 47°42’00”W), 1&female;, 1941, L.P. Travassos Filho leg. (MZSP 9788); Ribeirão Preto (21°10′40″S; 47°48′36″W), 1&male;, 1992, E. Camillo leg. (IBSP 210237); Itapetin- inga, Estação Ecológica de Angatuba (23º24’00”S; 48º21’00”W), 2&male;, 7&female; (IBSP 138710; IBSP 138711; IBSP 138714; IBSP 138717; IBSP 138720; IBSP 138722; IBSP 138723; IBSP 138725), all collected in 11–16.XI.2002 by Equipe Biota; Iporanga (24°35’09”S; 48°35’34”W), Lajeado, 1&male;, XII.1944, J. Damico leg. (MZSP 12217); Itaberá (23°51′43″S; 49°8′13″W), 2&male;, 1&female;, XI.1943, F.S. Pereira leg. (MZSP 12207); Botucatu, Fazenda Butignoli, Rubião Júnior (23°59’21”S; 48°26’21”W), 1&female;, 07.I.1987, I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti leg. (MCN 22486); 1&male;, 07.X.1987, I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti leg. (MCN 22485); 1&female;, 12.II.1987, I.M.P. Rinaldi leg. (MZSP 60386); 2&female;, 18.XII.1978, N. Carneiro leg. (MZSP 12129); 1&female;, 02.XII.1987, I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti leg. (MCN 22483); 1&male;, 02.XII.1987, I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti leg. (MCN 22484); 3&male;, 1&female;, 14–16.XII.1966, (MZSP 12123; MZSP 12141; MZSP 12317; MZSP 14137); all collected by V.C. de Jesus; 1&male;, 16.XII.1986, I. Rinaldi leg. (MZSP 60360); Botucatu (22°53’9”S; 48°26’42”W), Parque Municipal, 1&female;, 11.V.1986 (MZSP 60383); 1&male;, 12.II.1987 (MZSP 60385); 1&male;, 13.I.1988 (MZSP 60361); 3&female;, 02.VIII.1988 (MZSP 60362); 3&female;, 12.II.1987 (MZSP 60363), all collected by I. Rin- aldi; Fazenda Edgárdia, campus UNESP (22°48’56”S; 48°23’44”W), 1&female;, 07.VI.1988, I.M.P; Rinaldi leg. (MZSP 60384); Rio Claro ( 22°24′39″S; 47°33′39″W), 1&female;, 17–19.I.1962, H.R. Filho leg. (MZSP 10216); Assis, Estação Ecológica de Assis (22º34’00”S; 50º24’00”W), 1&male;, 3&female;, 25–30.XI.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138827; IBSP 138842; IBSP 138860); Atibaia (23º07’01’’S; 46º33’01”W), 1&male;, 13.X.2002, G. Machado et al. leg. (IBSP 35177); 1&male;, X.2002, M.B. Rosseto & G. Machado leg. (IBSP 35845); Biritiba Mirim (23°34′22″S; 46°2′20″W), 1&male;, 2003, I. Knysak leg. (IBSP 72718); Jundiaí (23º11’11”S; 46º53’03”W), 1&male;, 09–12.X.1999, C.A. Rheims leg. (IBSP 26252); Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi (23°12’00”S; 46º30’00”W), 2&male;, 2004, Alunos Curso Pós USP leg. (IBSP 138871; IBSP 138872); 1&female;, III.2007, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 215510); 1&male;, 2&female;, 15– 17.XII.2014, Exc. Alunos USP leg. (IBSP 231027); Cabreúva (23º18’27”S; 47º07’58’’W), 27.X.2001, D.F. Candi- ani & P.E.D. Francesconi leg. (IBSP 31976); Itapecerica da Serra (23°43′1″S; 46°50′56″W), 1&male;, 10.I.2006, L.V. de Camões leg. (IBSP 75579); Mogi das Cruzes, Rio Tietê (23°31′22″S; 46°11′16″W), 1&female;, VII–VIII.1996, R. Martins leg. (IBSP 13831); Barueri (23°30′38″S; 46°54′34″W), 1&female;, 07.I.1961 (MZSP 12250); 2&female;, 31.XII.1965 (MZSP 14108); 2&female;, 21.XII.1965 (MZSP 14139), 1&male;, 08.I.1966 (MZSP 5958); 1&male;, 08.I.1966 (MZSP 12314); 3&male;, 1&female;, 31.XI.1965 (MZSP 14136); 1&male;, 1&female;, 05.II.1965 (MZSP 14138); all collected by K. Lenko; Embu das Artes (23°38′56″S; 46°51′7″W), 1&female;, II.1946, F. Lane leg. (MZSP 12242); São Paulo (23º32’51”S; 46º38’10”W), 1&female;, X.1990, Equipe IBSP leg. (IBSP 4367); Vila Mascote (23°38’44”S; 46°40’2”W), 1&female;, 04.XI.2002, D.M.B. Battesti leg. (IBSP 36392); Perdizes (19°21’19’’S; 47°16’58’’W), 1&male;, 01.XII.1951, H. Urban leg. (MZSP 12276); Parque da Previdência (23º34’00”S; 45º43’00”W), 1&male;, 22.X.1999, F.S. Cunha leg. (IBSP 29400); 1&male;, 29.X.1999, J. Im- pério leg. (IBSP 29401); Campus USP, Reserva Florestal da CUASO (23º33’00”S; 46º43’00”W), 3&female;, 14.XII.1999 (IBSP 29393); 1&female;, 29.X.1999 (IBSP 29394); 1&male;, 29.X.1999 (IBSP 29395); 1&female;, 31.X.2000 (IBSP 29396); 1&female;, 14.XII.1999 (IBSP 29398); 1&male;, 27/X/1999 (IBSP 32984); 2&female;, all collected by F.S. Cunha; 29.X.1999, D.F. Candi- ani leg. (IBSP 29399); 1&male;, 05.IX.2000, J. Império leg. (IBSP 29397); Campus Instituto Butantan (23º33’00”S; 46º43’00”W), 4&male;, 2&female;, 11.XI.2004, no coll. (IBSP 48427); 2&female;, 2010, G.S. Ruiz leg. (IBSP 168580); Campus Insti- tuto Butantan, Mata IBSP, 5&male;, 6&female;, 05.X.2005, Alunos USP curso 2006 leg. (IBSP 57444); Represa de Guarapir- anga, Ilha dos Eucaliptos (23°44’26”S; 46°44’09”W), 1&male;, 09.IX.2001, R.P. Indicatti leg. (IBSP 32580); Ilha dos Eucaliptos, 4&male; 8&female; (IBSP 61264; IBSP 61265; IBSP 61266; IBSP 61267; IBSP 61268; IBSP 61269; IBSP 61270; IBSP 61271; IBSP 61272); all collected in 07–13.X.2004 by I. Cizauskas & C.R.M Garcia; Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (23°27′34.3″S; 46°46′2.8″W), 2&male;, 2&female;, 27–28.X.2005, Curso UFRRJ leg. (IBSP 71185; IBSP 71237; IBSP 71239); 10&male;, 4&female;, 14–19.X.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139596; IBSP 139598; IBSP 139599; IBSP 139602; IBSP 139603; IBSP 139605; IBSP 139615; IBSP 139616; IBSP 139618; IBSP 139624; IBSP 139636; IBSP 139647; IBSP 139648); Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Sede (23°24′5″S; 46°35′24″W), 1&female;, 20.XII.2000 (IBSP 85701); 2&female;, 21.XII.2000 (IBSP 85702); 1&female;, 28.II.2001 (IBSP 85703); 2&male;, 15.XII.2000 (MCN 41880; MCN 41882); 2&male;, 3&female; (MZSP 24966–MZSP 24970), all collected in 22.XII.2000 by R. Pinto da Rocha et al.; Núcleo Pedra Grande, 1&female;, 15.XII.2002, R. Pinto da Rocha et al. leg. (IBSP 210221); 3&male;, 3&female; (MZSP 24959–MZSP 24964), all collected in 21.XII.2000 - 6.I.2001 by R. Pinto da Rocha et al.; Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga (23°38′24.6″S; 46°37′3.1″W), 1&female;, 28.X.2017 (IBSP 222758); 1&male;, 27.VII.2018 (IBSP 222766); 1&female;, 28.X.2017 (IBSP 222768); 1&female;, 25.XI.2017 (IBSP 222769); 1&male;, 30.IX.2017 (IBSP 222777); 1&male;, 27.VIII.2017 (IBSP 222778); 1&male;, 22.VII.2017 (IBSP 222780); 1&female;, 25.XI.2017 (IBSP 222783); 1&male;, 30.IX.2017 (IBSP 222787); 1&male;, 27.VIII.2017 (IBSP 222792); 1&female;, 27.VIII.2017 (IBSP 222793); 1&female;, 27.VIII.2017 (IBSP 222794), all collected by Z. R. Mendes; Horto Florestal (currently Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren) (23°27′33″S; 46°38′2″W), 1&male;, 1imm., 1.XI.1994, R. Pinto da Rocha leg. (MZSP 14310); Bosque da Saúde (23°34’21”S; 46°38’70”W), 2&female;, 09.IV.1944, F. Lane leg. (MZSP 5165); 1&male;, 22.III.1942, F. Lane leg. (MZSP 14134); Cocaia, Represa Billings (23°47’13”S; 46°35’2”W), 1&female;, 11.III.1951, H. Urban leg. (MZSP 12212); Parque Estadual Serra da Cantareira, Sede (23°24′5″S; 46°35′24″W), 1&male;, 22.XI.2000, R. Pinto da Rocha et al. leg. (MZSP 25011); São José do Barreiro, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (23°2′30″S; 44°39′42″W), 1&male;, 22–25.VII.2006, F.U. Yamamoto leg. (IBSP 66747); Ribeirão Grande, Parque Estadual de Intervales (24°16′6.3″S; 48°24′49.7″W), in Bamboo, 1&female;, 2002–2003, M.O. Gonzaga leg. (IBSP 71452); São Bernardo do Campo (23°41′38″S; 46°33′54″W), Clube de Campo São Camilo, 1&male;, 1&female;, 20.X.2008, V. Passanha & C.V. Janini leg. (IBSP 119790); Mairiporã (23°22′44″S; 46°31′38″W), Serra da Cantareira, 1&male;, VII.2000, C.R. Macagnan leg. (IBSP 27347); Mogi Guaçu, Reserva Biológica Mogi Guaçu (22º10’00”S; 47º08’00”W), 2&female;, 16.XII.1998, E. Camillo leg. (IBSP 28113; IBSP 28155); Reserva Biológica Mogi Guaçu (22º10’00”S; 47º08’00”W), 33 &male;, 2 &female; (IBSP 54646; IBSP 139460; IBSP 139466; IBSP 139468; IBSP 139469; IBSP 139473; IBSP 139482; IBSP 139484; IBSP 139486; IBSP 139489; IBSP 139491; IBSP 139493; IBSP 139497; IBSP 139500; IBSP 139501; IBSP 139502; IBSP 139504; IBSP 139505; IBSP 139509; IBSP 139510; IBSP139511; IBSP 139512; IBSP 139514; IBSP 139516; IBSP 139517; IBSP 139518), all collected in 13–19/X/2003 by Equipe Biota; Pariquera-Açu (24°42’54”S; 47°52’51”W), Vale do Ribeira, cam- pus do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, 1&male;, [without date], E. Wienskoski leg. (MZSP 60391); Ubatuba (23º26’02”S; 45º04’16”W), Fazenda Experimental, 1&male;, 1&female;, 14.XI.1943, A. Zoppei leg. (MZSP 12228); Paraná: Cruzeiro do Iguaçu, Usina Foz do Chopim (25º33’45”S; 53º10’37”W), 1&male;, 08–15.X.1998, Equipe IBSP leg. (IBSP 21241); Adrianópolis, Vale do Ribeira (24°39′25″S; 48°59′27″W), 1&female;, 18.XI.2004, D.M.B. Battesti leg. (IBSP 47949); Bela Vista do Paraíso (22º59’49”S; 51º11’27”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, 11–16.XI.1991, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 221089); Fênix (23º54’57”S; 51º58’44”W), 1&male;, 24.XI.1986, Equipe CIIF leg. (IBSP 221097); 1&male;, 01.XI.1986, Equipe Profaupar leg. (IBSP 221098); Parque Estadual de Vila Rica do Espírito Santo (23°55’00”S; 51°57’00”W), 3&female;, 12.XI.1987, A.D. Brescovit leg. (IBSP 221096); Curitiba, campus UFPR, Centro Politécnico (25°25′44″S; 49°16′3″W), 2&male;, 2&female;, 26.X.1995, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (MCN 26698); Almirante Tamandaré (25°19′30″S; 49°18′36″W), 1&female;, 10.VII.1984 (MCN 12389); 1&male;, 25.IV.1984 (MCN 12414); 1&male;, 08.VI.1984 (MCN 12454); 1&male;, 25.IV.1984 (MCN 12467); 1&male;, 22.VI.1984 (MCN 12488); 1&male;, 28.IX.1984 (MCN 12517); 1&male;, 28.IX.1984 (MCN 12518); all collected by E. C. Costa; Capanema (25°40′19″S; 53°48′32″W), 3&male;, 11.III.1981, S. Scherer leg. (MCN 9777); Santa Catarina: Chapecó, Floresta Nacional de Chapecó (27º06’10,5”S; 52º46’48,8”W), 1&female;, I.2003 – XII.2004, M. Scartezini leg. (IBSP 91070); Nova Teutônia (27°11’00”S; 52°23’00”W), 2&male;, 1&female;, [without date], F. Plaumann leg. (FMS 13579; FMS 13583; FMS 13578); Florianópolis, Itacorubí, UCAD (27°33′21.44″S; 48°29′37.46″W), 1&male;, 2004, J. Steiner leg. (IBSP 91097); Criciúma (28°40′40″S; 49°22′12″W), 1&male;, 08.XI.2007, R.A. Teixeira leg. (IBSP 132769); Rancho Queimado (27°40′22″S; 49°1′19″W), 1&male;, 15–18.XI.1995, L.A. Moura leg. (MCN 27039); 2&female;, 13–15.I.1995, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (MCN 26356); Rio Grande do Sul: Iraí (27°11′38″S; 53°15′3″W), 1&male;, 2&female;, 20.XI.1975, A.A. Lise leg. (MCN 3106); Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo, Salto do Yucumã (27°08’32.5″S; 53°53’09.0″W), 1&female;, 16.I.1985 (MCN 13002); 1&male;, 16.I.1985 (MCN 13005); all collected by A.A. Lise; São Fran- cisco de Paula (29°26′52″S; 50°35′2″W), 1&female;, 22.IX.1974 (MCN 2304); 1&male;, 1&female;, 22.I.1981 (MCN 9531); 1&male;, 2&female;, 23.I.1981 (MCN 9540); all collected by A.A. Lise; Barragem dos Bugres (29°20’35.87”S; 50°41’44.15”W), 2&male;, 23–25.XI.1998, A.F. Franceschini leg. (MCN 30656); 2&male;, 1&female;, 01–04.II.1999, L.A. Moura leg. (MCN 30669); Rincão dos Kroeff (29°28’3”S; 50°20’47”W), 1&female;, 05.I.1985, A.A. Lise leg. (MCN 12739); Cambará do Sul, Itaim- bézinho (29º02’52”S; 50º08’41”W), 2&male;, 1&female;, 06.I.1985, A. Lise leg. (MCN 12777; MCN 12779; MCN 12780); Garabi (28°12’50”S; 55°41’17”W), 1&female;, XI.1988, A.A. Lise leg. (IBSP 258334); Marcelino Ramos, Estreito Au- gusto Cesar (27°24’51”S, 51°27’2”W), 1&female;, 03.II.1990, C.A. Martinazzo leg. (MCN 19530); Maquiné (29°40’30”S; 50°12’25”W), Fepagro, 1&female;, 18–27.I.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139226); Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo (27°8’44”S; 53°53’10”W), 6&female; (IBSP 139987; IBSP 139989; IBSP 139990; IBSP 140007; IBSP 140018), all col- lected in 11–18.I.2002 by Equipe Biota; Parque Estadual do Turvo (27°8’44”S, 53°53’10”W), 12&male;, 3&female;, 27– 31.X.2002 (MCN 37768); 1&male;, 1&female;, 19–22.X.2004 (MCN 38812); 1&male;, 27–31.X.2003 (MCN 38813); 6&male;, 27–31. X.2003 (MCN 38814); 1&male;, 19–22.X.2004 (MCN 38836); 10&male;, 6&female;, 19–22.X.2004 (MCN 38841), all collected by R. Ott et al.; Canela (29°21’57”S; 50°48’57”W), 1&female;, 31.XII.1973 (MCN 2070); 1&male;, 20.III.1976 (MCN 3854); 1&female;, 05.III.1977 (MCN 5209); 1&female;, X.1976 (MCN 6300), all collected by A.A. Lise; 1&male;, 1&female;, 03–04.IX.1988, A.B. Bon- aldo leg. (MCN 17841); 1&female;, 05.II.1973 (MCN 852); 2&male;, 31.XII.1973 (MCN 2044); 1&female;, 11.V.1974 (MCN 2163); 1&male;, 26.XII.1974 (MCN 2475); 1&male;, 1&female;, 26.II.1975 (MCN 3748); all collected by A.A. Lise; Carazinho (28°17’2”S; 52°47’9”W), 2&male;, 10.XI.1979, H. Bischoff leg. (MCN 8655); 1&female;, 10.XI.1979, A.A. Lise leg. (MCN 8686); So- bradinho (29°25’15”S; 53°1’44”W), 2&female;, 10.I.1985, A.A. Lise leg. (MCN 18717); Marcelino Ramos, Estreito Au- gusto Cesar (27°24’51”S; 51°27’2”W), 1&female;, 03.II.1990, C.A. Martinazzo leg. (MCN 19529); Nova Petrópolis, Boê- mios, Linha Imperial (29°21’36”S; 51°2’54.8”W), 1&male;, 20.XII.1973, A.A. Lise leg. (MCN 2206); Caxias do Sul, Vila Oliva (29°12’56”S; 50°53’22”W), 1&male;, 10.I.1976, P.A. Buck, Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 203-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1945) Aranas de Misiones, Corrientes y Entre Rios. Revista del Museo de La Plata, New Series, Zoology, 4, 213 - 302.","Brescovit, A. D. (1997) Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001"]}
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Patrera teresopolis Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new species

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Patrera teresopolis, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera teresopolis new species Figs 25A–G; 26A–D; 27F Types. Male holotype from Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça, Petrópolis (22°30’18”S; 43°10’44’W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 08–15.II.2000, Equipe Biota leg., deposited in IBSP 139930. Female paratype from Parque Estadual da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis (22°24’34”S; 42°57’57”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 18–22.III.2001, Equipe Biota leg., deposited in IBSP 139561. Other material examined. Only the types. Etymology. The specific epithet is a toponymic in apposition and refers to the type locality of the paratype. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera teresopolis n. sp. resemble those of P. opertanea by the retrolateral tibial apophysis short, curved in the apex in male palp and atrium short in the epigynum (as in Figs 14C–F, 15A–C), but differs by the apical median apophysis and tibial retrolateral apophysis short, truncated at tip and with basal tegular protuberance in the male palp (Figs 25C–E, 26A, B). Females are diagnosed by the subtriangular hood and copulatory ducts forming a triangle next to lateral borders in the female epigynum (Figs 25F, G, 26C, D). Description. Male (Holotype, IBSP 139930). Carapace and legs orange; chelicerae yellow; labium and endites orange. Abdomen gray with spots dorsal; ventrally cream (Fig. 25A). Total length 4.8, carapace length 2.1, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME– AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.0 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.0/ patella 0.8/ tibia 3.8/ metatarsus 3.31/ tarsus 1.59 total 12.5; II—2.72/ 0.73/ 3.0/ 2.6/ 1.2/ 10.25; III—1.7/ 0.52/ 1.4/ 1.8/ 0.65/ 6.07; IV—2.63/ 0.8/ 2.3/ 2.8/ 0.9/ 9.43. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v1-0-1, p1-0-0, r1-0-1; III—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1- 1; IV—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 2.6, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia shorter cymbium, slightly curved; cymbium oval; tegulum oval, with sperm duct forming a basal inverted “U-shaped” course; tegular projection short, adjacent to the tip of embolus; short and curved median apophysis; slender prolateral embolus, originating at the base of the tegulum (Figs 25C–E, 26A, B). Female (IBSP 139561). Carapace yellow. Chelicerae yellow; labium, endites and sternum yellow. Legs yellow, darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen yellow; ventrally yellow (Fig. 25B). Total length 7.7, carapace length 2.8, width 2.15. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.3 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.4/ patella 1.1/ tibia 3.5/ metatarsus 2.9/ tarsus 1.45/ total 12.35; II—3.18/ 1.0/ 3.0/ 2.7/ 1.25/ 11.13; III—2.1/ 0.7/ 1.7/ 2.0/ 0.8/ 7.3; IV—3.0/ 0.8/ 2.7/ 3.3/ 1.0/ 10.8. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-1-1, r0-1-1; II—tibia v2-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia v1-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.6, epigastric furrow 1.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.0 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders not connected distally; small, subtriangular atrium; internally with coiled copulatory ducts; seminal receptacles globose in the posterior region; spermathecae oval and fertilization ducts short, curved, basal (Figs 25F, G, 26C, D). Distribution. Southeast of Brazil. (Fig. 27F)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on page 241, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185
Published: 2021
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4. Patrera opertanea Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new combination

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Patrera opertanea, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera opertanea (Keyserling, 1891) new combination Figs 14A–G; 15A–D; 16A–F; 27D Anyphaena opertanea Keyserling, 1891: 118, pl. 3, fig. 78 (Holotype female from Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH 1890.7.1.622, examined). Teudis opertaneus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 517. Other material examined. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó (20°26’5”S; 41°47’2”W), 1&female;, 01–07.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 140144); Caxambú (21°58’37”S; 44°55’58”W), [with- out date], 3&female;, C.F. de Mello-Leitão leg. (MNRJ 643); 1&male;, [without date], C.F. de Mello-Leitão leg. (MNRJ 648); Santa Rita de Caldas (22°01’44”S; 46°20’13”W), 1&female;, XII.1953, P. Pereira leg. (MZSP E2230); Carmo do Rio Claro (20°58’23”S; 46°07’08”W), 1&female;, X.1947, C. F. de Mello-Leitão leg. (MNRJ); Espírito Santo: Vila Velha (20°19’48”S; 40°17’31”W), Barra do Jucu, Morro da Concha, 1&female;, 3.II.1995, J.P. Mattos leg. (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro: Teresópolis (22°24’43”S; 42°57’57”W), 1&male;, 20–22.IV.1995, R.L.C. Baptista & M.I. Landim leg. (IBSP 212907); Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (22°29′35″S 43°4′24″W), 4&female; (IBSP 139522; IBSP 139526; IBSP 139542; IBSP 139555), all collected in 18–22. VIII.2001 by Equipe Biota; Petrópolis (22°30’18”S; 43°10’44”W), 1&male; [without date], Fr. Rohr leg. (MNRJ 10353); Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça (22°30’18”S; 43°10’44”W), 1&male;, 08–15.II.2000, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139946); Petrópolis (22°30’18”S; 43°10’44”W), 1&female;, C.F. de Mello-Leitão leg. (MNRJ 640); Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio Bengalas, 1&female;, 21–23. VIII.1996, R.S. Bérnils leg. (MZSP 15265); São Paulo: Ribeirão Preto, Parque Estadual Intervales (24°16’6.3”S; 48°24’49.7”W), 1&female;, 14–17. XIII.2005, no coll. (IBSP 80085); Jundiaí, Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi (23º13’00”S; 46º56’00”W), 3&female;, III.2007, A. D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 78523); 8&male;, 6&female; (IBSP 138469–IBSP 138478; IBSP 138485; IBSP 138487), all collected in 15–19. VII.2002 by Equipe Curso USP; 1&female;, 2004, Alunos Curso Pós USP leg. (IBSP 138868); 2&female;, 2008–2009, C. Vieira leg. (IBSP 140753; IBSP 140754); Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (23°37’53”S; 45°52’13”W), 2&male;, 09.V.2003, G.R.S. Ruiz leg. (IBSP 38320); Mogi das Cruzes, Rio Tietê (23°31’22”S; 46°11’16”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, VII.1996 – VIII.1997, R. Martins leg. (IBSP 13816; IBSP 13832); Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety (23°12’00”S; 46°30’00”W), 1&male;, 24.VI.2003, C.Y. Fukami et al. leg. (IBSP 39442); 10&male;, 2&female; (IBSP 139459; IBSP 139464; IBSP 139465; IBSP 139471; IBSP 139479; IBSP 139480; IBSP 139485; IBSP 139494; IBSP 139498; IBSP 139507; IBSP 139520), all collected in 13–19.X.2003 by Equipe Biota; São José do Barreiro, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (22º43’00”S; 44º36’00”W), 2&male;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equi- pe Biota leg. (IBSP 138570; IBSP 138578); São Paulo, Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (23°27’34.3”S; 46°46’2.8”W), 1&female;, 14–19.X.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139646); 1&female;, 27–28.X.2005, Alunos Curso UFRRJ leg. (IBSP 71268); Parque Estadual da Cantareira (23°24’5”S; 46°35’24”W), 1&female;, 23.IV.2001 (IBSP 85665); 1&male;, 22. XII.2000 (IBSP 85830); 1&female;, 28.X.2000 (IBSP 85835); all collected by R. Pinto da Rocha; Pedra Grande, 5&male; (MZSP 24912–MZSP 24916); Pinheirinho, 27&male; (MZSP 24917–MZSP 24943); Sede, 15&male; (MZSP 24944–MZSP 24958); all collected between 09. VIII.2000– 24.VI.2001 by R. Pinto da Rocha et al.; Horto Florestal (currently Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren) (23°27’33”S; 46°38’2”W), 1&male;, 1.XI.1994, R. Pinto da Rocha leg. (MZSP ex 14310); Reservatório Guarapiranga, Ilha dos Eucaliptos (23°44’14”S; 46°43’51”W), 6&male;, 8&female; (IBSP 61159–IBSP 61169), all collected in 07–13/X/2004 by I. Cizauskas & C.R.M Garcia; Atibaia (23º07’01’S; 46º33’01”W), 2&male;, 13.X.2002, G. Machado et al. leg. (IBSP 35178); 1&male;, 2&female;, X.2002, M.B. Rosseto & G. Machado leg. (IBSP 35844); Cotia (23°36’14”S; 46°55’8”W), 2&male;, 1&female;, III.2009, D. Polotow leg. (IBSP 137670); Caucaia do Alto (3°44’4”S; 38°39’23”W), 8&male;, 5&female;, III.2003, A.A. Nogueira & F.S. Cunha leg. (IBSP 38062; IBSP 139825; IBSP 139827; IBSP 139830; IBSP 139833–IBSP 139835; IBSP 139842; IBSP 139845; IBSP 139850; IBSP 139852; IBSP 139859), all collected in 8–28.VI.2002 by Equipe Biota; 2&male;, 13–30.VI.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 98155); Mairiporã, Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira, Pinheirinho (23°24’5”S; 46°35’24”W), 5&male;, 4&female; (IBSP 85826; IBSP 85828; IBSP 85829; IBSP 85831–IBSP 85834; IBSP 85836; IBSP 85837), all collected between 06.I.2001 – 23.V.2001 by R. Pinto da Rocha; Itapevi (23°32’56”S; 46°56’2”W), 1&male;, I–XII.1999, C. Bertim & V. Onofrio leg. (IBSP 115664); Biritiba Mirim, Barragem do Rio Biritiba (23°36’12.143”S; 46°5’13.654”W), 1&male;, 2003, Equipe IBSP leg. (IBSP 119434); Ribeirão Grande, Parque Estadual Intervales (24º12’00”S; 48º32’00”W), 1&female;, 24–25.X.2008, L. Batista et al. leg. (IBSP 121171); Guarulhos, Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Cabuçu (23°24’5”S; 46°35’24”W), 5&male;, 1&female; (IBSP 139153; IBSP 139154; IBSP 139156; IBSP 139157; IBSP 139161; IBSP 139163), all collected in 16–22. VII.2001 by Equipe Biota; Paraná: Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha (25°14’17”S; 50°0’39”W), 1&male;, 23.II.1987, Equipe CIIF leg. (IBSP 213546); Guarapuava (25°23’42”S; 51°27’28”W), 1&male;, 08. XII.1986 (IBSP 213544); 1&female;, 15. XII.1986 (IBSP 213545); 1&male;, 04. VIII.1987 (IBSP 213547); 1&female;, 02.II.1987 (IBSP 213549); all collected by Equipe CIIF; Parque Municipal das Araucárias (in wasp nest) (25º23’00”S; 51º27’00”W), 3&female;, 2005–2006, M.L. T. Buschini leg. (IBSP 87262; IBSP 87290); Estância Santa Clara (25°38’13,4”S; 51°57’56,3”W), 1&female;, 22.XI.1987, A.D. Brescovit leg. (IBSP 212653); Almirante Tamandaré (25°19’30”S; 49°18’36”W), 1&female;, 10. VII.1984, E.C. Costa leg. (MCN 12511); Colombo (25°17’31”S; 49°13’26”W), 1&male;, 2&female;, 02. XII.1990, A.D. Brescovit & A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 212657); 1&male;, 19.I.1987, Equipe CIIF leg. (IBSP 213543); 1&male;, 26.I.1987, Equipe CIIF leg. (IBSP 213548); Curitiba (25°25’47”S; 49°16’19”W), 1&male;, 02.XI.1987, A.D. Brescovit leg. (IBSP 212654); 1&female;, IV.1943, P. Mous leg. (IBSP 221085); Parque da Cidade (currently Jardim Botânico) (25°26’34”S; 49°14’22”W), 11&male;, 11&female;, 01. XII.1990, A.D. Brescovit & A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 212659); Parque Barigui (25º25’34,52”S; 49º18’27.03”W), 1&female;, 13. VIII.1958, R. Lange leg. (IBSP 221066); 1&male;, 1&female;, 20.IX.1960 (IBSP 221068); 1&female;, 10.II.1959 (IBSP 221072); 2&female;, I.1937 (IBSP 221074; IBSP 221077); 1&male;, 20.IV.1952 (IBSP 221075); 1&female;, 11. III.1959 (IBSP 221078); 1&female;, 05. VIII.1945 (IBSP 221086); 1&male;, 20.IV.1962 (IBSP 221087), all collected by R. Lange; Banhados (25º25’47”S; 49º16’19”W), 1&female;, X.1945, no coll. (IBSP 221088); Tijucas do Sul (25º55’41”S; 49º11’56”W), Lagoa, 1&female;, II.2000, J. Ricetti leg. (IBSP 39134); Lagoa, Serra do Cabral, Morro do Cabral (25º57’00”S; 49º14’00”W), 1&male;, VI.2000, J. Ricetti leg. (IBSP 39146); Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia (27°11’00”S; 52°23’00”W), 2&female;, [without date], F. Plaumann leg. (FMS 8233); Rancho Queimado (27°40’22”S; 49°1’19”W), 1&male;, 08–14.X.1994, L. Moura & A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 212647); Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, Mata de Araucária (29º23’00”S; 50º23’00”W), 14&male;, 12&female; (IBSP 144468; IBSP 144471; IBSP 144481; IBSP 144482; IBSP 144485; IBSP 144486; IBSP 144503–IBSP 144507; IBSP 144509; IBSP 144511; IBSP 144513–IBSP 144515; IBSP 144517–IBSP 144519; IBSP 144557), all collected in 2003–2004 by R. Baldissera; Santa Maria, Reserva Biológica de Ibicuí-Mirim (29º32’12”S; 53º47’47”W), 2&female;, 10. XII.1992, N. Silveira leg. (IBSP 212655); Cidade dos Meninos (29°42’7.77”S; 53°43’16.07”W), 1&female;, 18.II.1999, C. Kotzian & L. Indrusiak leg. (IBSP 120133); Caxias do Sul, Fazenda Souza (29°4’21,76”S; 51°0’12,17”W), 1&male;, 18–21.XI.1993, A.A. Lise leg. (MCTP 4157). Diagnosis. Males of Patrera opertanea can be distinguished from those of the remaining species by the embolus originating in the basal third of tegulum and short, folded retrolateral tibial apophysis in the male palp (Figs. 14C–E, 15A, B, 16D). Females resemble that of Patrera tensa by the epigynum with small hood and atrium (as in Figs 11F, 12C), but differs by the triangular lateral borders and shorter copulatory ducts (Figs 14F, G, 15C, D, 16F). Description. Male (IBSP35844). Carapace, legs and palps yellow. Chelicerae, labium and endites orange; sternum yellow with orange lateral borders. Cream abdomen dorsally orange, with greenish gray paramedian bands, ventrally yellowish, and spinnerets cream (Fig. 14A). Total length 8.4, carapace length 3.5, width 2.5. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.08, ALE 0.20, PME 0.18, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.06, AME– ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 2.1 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles (Fig. 16A). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 5.8/ patella 1.7/ tibia 7.0/ metatarsus 6.7/ tarsus 2.8/ total 24; II—4.9/ 1.5/ 5.5/ 5.2/ 2.1; III—3.0/ 1.0/ 2.5/ 3.2/ 1.0/ 10.7; IV—4.3/ 1.3/ 4/ 5.2/ 1.5/ 16.3. Leg spination: I— II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III— IV—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsos v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 4.5, epigastric furrow 1.4 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.6 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia as long as cymbium, accentuated curved; tibial retrolateral apophysis sinuous; cymbium oval, with retrolateral basal fissure; tegulum oval, with sperm duct sinuous at third basal area, forming an accentuated inverted “S-shaped”; tegular projection very short, in the distal border of tegulum; median apophysis, curved at apex; slender and curved embolus, with large base (Figs 14C–D, 15A, B, 16B–E). Female (Holotype). Coloration as in male, but clearer and with bands on the back of the abdomen inconspicuous (Fig. 14B). Total length 8.2, carapace length 3.2, width 2.4. Clypeus height 0.05. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.08, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.05. Chelicerae 1.8 long, five promarginal teeth, seven retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.8/ patella 1.0/ tibia 3.6/ metatarsus 2.8/ tarsus 1.4/ total 12.6; II—3/ 1/ 3/ 2.6/ 1.3/ 10.9; III—2.1/ 0.8/ 1.8/ 2.2/ 0.8/ 7.7; IV—3.2/ 1.1/ 2.6/ 3.4/ 1.2/ 11.5. Leg spination: I— II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v1p-1p-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1- 1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 7.2, epigastric furrow 1.5 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.2 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders short, not connected distally; small, triangular atrium; short, semicircular hood; internally with short, convolute copulatory ducts; short seminal receptacles in the proximal area of the copulatory ducts; globose spermathecae; fertilization ducts long, curved, basal (Figs 14F, G, 15C, D, 16F). Variation. Males (n=4): total length 8.2–8.6; carapace length 3.2–3.6; femur I length 5–5.8; Females (n=10): total length: 7.6–9.5; carapace length 2.9–3.5; femur I length 3.8–4.1. Distribution. Southeast and South of Brazil (Fig. 27D)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 227-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819"]}
Published: 2021
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5. Patrera recentissima Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new combination

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Patrera recentissima, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera recentissima (Keyserling, 1891), new combination Figs 19A–G; 20A–D; 21A–F; 27F Anyphaena recentissima Keyserling, 1891: 121, pl. 4, fig. 81 (Holotype male from Blumenau (26°54’32”S; 49°04’20”W), Santa Catarina, Brazil, Hetschko leg., deposited in BMNH, examined). Teudis recentissimus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 518. Other material examined. BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Blumenau (26°54’32”S; 49°04’20”W), Parque Municipal Nascentes do Garcia, 1&male;, 21-28.I.2003, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139721); Rancho Queimado (27°40’22”S; 49°01’19”W), 1&male;, 09–13.X.1995, A.A. Lise et al. leg. (MCTP 6966); Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul (29°02’52”S; 50°08’42”W) 8&male;, 8&female;, 25.XI.1993, E.H. Buckup leg. (MCN 24503); 1&male;, 1&female;, 25.XI.1993, E.H. Buck- up leg. (IBSP 258336); 5&male;, 8&female;, 19–21.XII.1994, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (MCN 25925); 2&male;, 5&female;, 26.XI.1993, A.B. Bon- aldo leg. (MCN 24507); 1&male;, 24.XI.1993, E.H. Buckup leg. (MCN 24509); 1&male;, 1&female;, 19-21.XII.1994, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 258337); Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (29°25’22”S; 50°23’11”W), 1&male;, 2003–2004, R. Baldissera leg. (IBSP 144516); 1&male;, 2003–2004, R. Baldissera leg. (IBSP 144512). Diagnosis. Males of Patrera recentissima are easily distinguished from the remaining species by the filiform median apophysis and embolus originating markedly from the base of the tegulum, forming a wide curvature in the male palp (Figs 19C, 20A, 21B, C). Females are diagnosed by the epigynum with triangular hood and copulatory ducts comma-shaped as seem by transparence (Figs 19F, G, 20C, D, 21F). Description. Male (MCN 24503). Carapace and legs yellow. Abdomen gray dorsally; ventrally cream. Chelicerae dark brown (Fig. 19A). Total length 7.3, carapace length 3.2, width 2.6. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.1 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles (Fig. 21A). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.1/ patella 1.2/ tibia 4.85/ metatarsus 4.5/ tarsus 2.35 total 17.0; II—3.6/ 1.1/ 4.0/ 3.8/ 1.83/ 14.33; III—2.4/ 1.0/ 1.8/ 2.25/ 1.0/ 8.45; IV—3.48/ 1.1/ 3.0/ 3.9/ 1.26/ 12.74. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-0-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1- 1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.0, epigastric furrow 1.2 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia shorter than cymbium, not curved; tibial retrolateral apophysis short, curved, forming an internal fold, with a scaly, striated border; cymbium oval; tegulum oval, with sperm duct slightly sinuous, near the retrolateral margin; tegular projection short, in the distal border of tegulum; median apophysis, subdistal, curved at apex; very slender embolus, with narrow base (Figs 19C–D, 20A, B, 21B–E). Female (MCN 20503). Carapace brownish, darker in the cephalic region (Fig. 19B). Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow, darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen grayish; ventrally yellow (Fig. 19B). Total length 7.7, carapace length 3.2, width 2.1. Clypeus height 0.14. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.18, ALE–PLE 0.10. Chelicerae 1.2 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.6/ patella 1.0/ tibia 3.9/ metatarsus 3.05/ tarsus 1.6/ total 13.15; II—3.0/ 1.2/ 3.33/ 2.7/ 1.35/ 11.58; III—2.3/ 0.9/ 1.7/ 2.1/ 0.8/ 7.8; IV—3.3/ 1.0/ 2.85/ 3.5/ 1.0/ 11.65. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1; II—tibia v2-0-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1- 1-1. Abdomen: length 4.3, epigastric furrow 1.4 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders narrow, connected laterally with the anterior border of epigynal plate; small, triangular atrium; sclerotized hood; internally with short and convolute copulatory ducts; anterior, globose seminal receptacles, in the proximal area of the copulatory ducts; oval spermathecae; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae, curved, basal (Figs 19F, G, 20C, D, 21F). Variation. Males (n=10): total length 4.8–8.1; carapace length 2.1–3.4; femur I length 3.3–4.7. Females (n=10): total length: 6.4–9.6; carapace length 2.7–3.8; femur I length 3.1–4.0. Distribution. South of Brazil (Fig. 27F)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 234-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819"]}
Published: 2021
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6. Patrera concolor Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new combination

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy, Patrera concolor
Abstract: Patrera concolor (Keyserling, 1891) new combination Figs 17A–G; 18A–D; 27F Anyphaena concolor Keyserling 1891: 120, plate 3, fig. 80 (Male holotype from Alto da Serra, Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH). Anyphaena variabilis Keyserling, 1891: 123, plate 4, fig. 84. (Two females syntypes from Alto da Serra, Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH; Mello-Leitão, 1925: 457 (Syn.). Sillus concolor: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 510. Teudis variabilis: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 519. Teudis concolor: Mello-Leitão, 1925: 457. Osoriella pallidoemanu Mello-Leitão, 1926: 10, figs 9-10 (Male holotype from Santos (23°57’52”S; 46°20’00”W), São Paulo, Brazil, W. S. Bristowe leg., deposited in MNRJ 181, examined, lost in the 2018 fire). New synonymy. Other material examined. BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Rancho Queimado (27°40′22″S 49°1′19″W), 1&male;, 2&female;, 8– 14.X.1994, L.A. Moura & A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 212646). Diagnosis. Patrera concolor resembles P. virgata by the conspicuous retrolateral tibial apophysis and flattened median apophysis in the male palp (as in Figs 7A, B), and by having large hood and broad atrium in the female epigynum (as in Figs 7C, D). They differ by the sperm duct forming a sinuous route in the tegulum and retrolateral tibial apophysis tapering to the distal region, with a very wide base in the male palp. (Figs 17C–E, 18A, B). Females can be distinguished by the epigynum with large, triangular hood and parallel, narrow ventral copulatory ducts, as shown by transparency (Figs 17F, G, 18C, D). Description. Male (IBSP 212646). Carapace yellowish orange; chelicerae yellow; labium and endites orange. Sternum yellow with orange borders. Legs yellow except coxae I, orange. Abdomen with dorsal spots, ventrally cream (Fig. 17A). Total length 7.7, carapace length 3.4, width 2.5. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.7 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 5.5/ patella 1.8/ tibia 6.6/ metatarsus 6/ tarsus 2.6/ total 22.5; II—4.9/ 1.6/ 5.5/ 4.8/ 2/ 18.8; III—3/ 1.2/ 2.5/ 3.2/ 1.1./ 11; IV—4.2/ 1.3/ 3.8/ 5.2/ 1.3/ 15.8. Leg spination: I— II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1- 1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1p-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.6, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.6 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia straight, as long as cymbium; cymbium oval; tegulum oval, with sperm duct sinuous at third basal area, forming an elongated “S-shaped”; subtegular projection short, covered by the tegulum; subdistal, flattened median apophysis, slightly curved at apex; slender embolus, with narrow base (Figs 17C–E, 18A, B). Female (IBSP 212646). Colorations as in male (Fig. 17B). Total length 10.2, carapace length 3.6, width 2.8. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.18, PME 0.18, PLE 0.17; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.4 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.2/ patella 1.7/ tibia 4.7/ metatarsus 3.9/ tarsus 1.8/ total 16.3; II—3.9/ 1.3/ 4/ 3.6/ 1.6/ 14.4; III—2.6/ 1.1/ 2.1/ 2.6/ 1.0/ 9.4; IV—3.7/ 1.4/ 3.3/ 4.1/ 1.3/ 13.8. Leg spination: I— II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III— IV—tíbia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1- 1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 6.5, epigastric furrow 2.1 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.3 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders short, not connected distally, forming an anterior curvature; large, deep atrium; internally with elongated, parallel copulatory ducts; small seminal receptacles, contiguous to the spermathecae; globose spermathecae; fertilization ducts elongated, almost the size of the spermathecae, curved, basal (Figs 17F, G, 18C, D). Distribution. Southeast and South of Brazil (Fig. 27F)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 231-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1925) Pequenas notas arachnologicas. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 1, 455 - 463.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1926) Algumas aranhas do Brasil meridional. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 2, 1 - 18."]}
Published: 2021
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7. Patrera tensa Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new combination

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Patrera tensa, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera tensa (Keyserling, 1891), new combination Fig s 11A–G; 12A–D; 13A–F; 27F Anyphaena tensa Keyserling, 1891: 112, pl. 3, f. 72 (Holotype female from Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH, examined by photos). Anyphaena tensipes Keyserling, 1891: 115, pl. 3, f. 75 (Syntypes two males from Alto da Serra de Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH, examined by photos). New synonymy. Teudis tensus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 519. Teudis tensipes: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 519; Mello-Leitão, 1922: 27. Synonymy. Couples collected together as referred to in the examined material allowed joining these nominal species. Other materal examined. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (22°22’31”S; 44°39’44”W), Camping do Spanner, 1&male;, 18.XII.1996, R.I.C. Baptista leg. (IBSP 7401); 1&male;, I.1998, R.I.C. Bap- tista leg. (IBSP 212903); São Paulo: São José do Barreiro, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (23°2’30”S; 44°39’42”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138566); 1&male;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138571); 1&female;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138592); 1&male;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138574); 1&female;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138589). Diagnosis. Patrera tensa resembles P. pellucida by the similar embolus and route of the sperm duct in the tegulum of male palp (as in Figs 22A, 23A, 24B) and having small hood in the female epigynum (as in Figs 22F, 23C, 24F), but differ by the absence of retrolateral basal projection in the cymbium, by the narrow retrolateral tibial apophysis which is fan-shaped at the apex and by the enlarged basal area of the median apophysis in the male palp (Figs 11C–E, 12A, B, 13B–E). Females differs by the epigynum presenting small, triangular atrium, with parallel, not coiled copulatory ducts between the spermathecae (Figs 11F, G, 12C, D). Description. Male (IBSP 138574). Carapace and legs yellow; chelicerae yellow; labium and endites yellow. Abdomen with spots dorsal; ventrally cream (Fig. 11A). Total length 6.5, carapace length 2.9, width 2.4. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.08, AME– ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.1 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles (Fig. 13A). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.2/ patella 1.1/ tibia 4.8/ metatarsus 4.2/ tarsus 2.0 total 16.2; II—3.6/ 1.1/ 4.0/ 3.5/ 1.6/ 13.8; III—2.3/ 0.8/ 1.95/ 2.1/ 0.9/ 8.05; IV—3.3/ 0.95/ 2.9/ 3.8/ 1.1/ 12.05. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.5, epigastric furrow 1.0 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia as long as cymbium, slightly curved; tibial retrolateral apophysis with base slightly projected and scaly in the apex; cymbium oval; tegulum oval, with sperm duct sinuous at base; tegular projection short, not surpassing the distal border of tegulum; subapical median apophysis, curved at apex; furrowed, slender and curved embolus, originating at the base of the tegulum (Figs 11C–E, 12A, B, 13B–E). Female (IBSP 138589). Carapace yellow. Chelicerae yellow; labium, endites and sternum yellow. Legs yellow, darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen yellow with spots dorsal; ventrally yellow (Fig. 11B). Total length 6.4, carapace length 2.7, width 2.0. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.75/ patella 0.9/ tibia 2.8/ metatarsus 2.3/ tarsus 1.2/ total 9.95; II—2.5/ 0.9/ 2.5/ 2.1/ 1.0/ 9.0; III—1.85/ 0.89/ 1.3/ 1.6/ 0.78/ 6.42; IV—2.4/ 0.7/ 2.1/ 2.7/ 0.9/ 8.8. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1; II—tibia v2-0-0, p1-0- 0, r1-0-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.6, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders small, connected distally; small atrium; short and semicircular hood; internally with elongated and parallel copulatory ducts, short seminal receptacles, in the posterior portion of the copulatory ducts, reniform spermathecae; fertilization ducts short, curved, basal (Figs 11F, G, 12C, D). Variation. Males (n=6): total length 6.1–7.5; carapace length 2.8–3.2; femur I length 4.1–4.4; Females (n=4): total length: 6.2–6.8; carapace length 2.6–2.7; femur I length 2.7–2.9. Distribution. Southeast of Brazil. (Fig. 27F).
Published: 2021
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8. Patrera longipes

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Patrera longipes, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera longipes (Keyserling, 1891) Figs 4A–G; 5A–D; 6A–I; 27B Anyphaena longipes Keyserling, 1891: 91, figs 53–53a (Syntypes, one male from Rio Grande (32°2’6”S; 52°5’56”W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, von Ihering leg., deposited in BMNH 1890.7.1.624 and five females and one loose male palp, from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, deposited in BMNH 1890.7.1.625-628, all examined. Lectotype male in BMNH 1890.7.1.624 and paralectotypes in BMNH 1890.7.1.625-628 here designated). Teudis longipes: Petrunkevitch, 1911:517; Mello-Leitão, 1943: 240. Teudis itatiayae Mello-Leitão, 1915: 139 (Holotype female from Retiro [Retiro do Ramos, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, circa 2200 m], Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1903, C. Moreira leg., deposited in MNRJ 182, examined, lost in the 2018 fire); Silva-Moreira et al., 2010: 13. New synonymy. Sillus delicatus Mello-Leitão, 1922: 35 (Syntypes male and female from Pinheiro (currently Piraí, Pinheiral), C.F. de Mello- Leitão leg., deposited in the MNRJ 654, examined, lost in the 2018 fire); Silva-Moreira et al., 2010: 12. New synonymy. Sillus spinifrons Mello-Leitão, 1926: 11, fig 11 (Syntypes two females from Caxambú, Minas Gerais, Brazil, C.F. de Mello- Leitão leg., deposited in the MNRJ 665, not examined, lost); Silva-Moreira et al., 2010: 3 (Syn.). Patrera longipes: Brescovit, 1997: 33; Silva-Moreira et al., 2010: 3, 12. Synonymy. The loose palp, here considered as a male paralectotype, corresponds to that of the lectotype. Despite the distance between the records, there are females from the same location, confirming co-specificity. In relation to the synonymies, the description of Mello-Leitão (1922) points out that Sillus delicatus has a curved black crossbeam in the middle of the abdomen, which folds to the anterior region at the ends, in two short longitudinal branches. This same band occurs ventrally in the abdomen of Teudis itatiayae and in Patrera longipes (both types examined), allowing the synonymy between these three species. Other material examined. BRAZIL. Goiás: Barro Alto (14°58’15”S; 48°54’57”W), Região do Rio São Francisco, 1&male;, 03.V.1935, J. Blaser leg. (IBSP 419); Bahia: Itamaraju (17º02’21”S; 39º31’52”W), 4&male;, 2&female;, VII.1994, A. T. Costa leg. (IBSP 35038); Fazenda Pau Brasil (17°2’20”S; 39°31’51”W), 1&female;, 26.X.1970, Equipe CEPLAC leg. (IBSP 15323); 18&male;, 5&female;, 1970 (MNRJ 3014; MNRJ 3189; MNRJ 1340; MNRJ 3189; MNRJ 13332), 1&male; (MNRJ 2455); all collected in 1970 by Cepec / Ceplac; Jussari (15°11’27”S; 39°29’42”W), 4&male;, 1970, Cepec / Ceplac leg. (MNRJ 3147); Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Parque Fazenda Lagoa do Nado (19°49’52”S; 43°57’43”W), 1&male;, 30.X.1993, A.J. Santos leg. (IBSP 36227); Catas Altas, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra do Ca- raça (20°5’53.6”S; 43°29’17”W), 1&female;, 12.I.2002, E.S.S. Álvares leg. (IBSP 55728); Caxambú (21°58’37”S; 44°55’58”W), 3&female;, [without date] (MNRJ 633; MNRJ 655); Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins (20º21’48”S; 40º39’33”W), 1&female;, I.1991, R. Bertani leg. (IBSP 7436); Rio de Janeiro: Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (22°29’35”S; 43°4’24”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, 18–31.XII.2011, R.P. Indicatti & B. Gambaré leg. (IBSP 219374); Petrópolis, Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça (22°30’18”S 43°10’44”W), 1&male;, 4&female; (IBSP 139933; IBSP 139938; IBSP 139939; IBSP 139941; IBSP 139943), all collected in 08–15.II.2000 by Equipe Biota; Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), 2&female;, [without date] (MNRJ 18339; MNRJ 41420); Rio de Janeiro (22°57’47”S; 43°14’40”W), Serra da Carioca, 1&male;, 1&female;, XII.2002, E. Wienskoski leg. (IBSP 38349); Parque Laje (22°57’37.98”S; 43°12’43.34”W), 1&male;, 19.X.1991, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MZSP 14110); Represa do Rio Grande, Serra de Bangu (22°54’20”S; 43°28’14”W), 1&male;, I.1967, M. Alvarenga leg. (MZSP 14111); Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecológica de Gua- piaçu (22°35’14.61”S; 42°56’24.69”W), 4&male; (IBSP 138966; IBSP 138982; IBSP 138983; IBSP 139002), all col- lected in 08–12.X.2001 by Equipe Biota; Angra dos Reis (23°0’36”S; 44°19’6”W), Ponta da Aripeba, 1&male;, 13– 16.XI.1993, A.B. Bonaldo leg. (IBSP 221069); Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (22º27’10,944”S; 44º36’38.543”W), 1&male;, 01–09.I.2014, R.P. Indicatti & B. Gambaré leg. (IBSP 169424); 1&female;, I.1998, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 3230); São Paulo: Itapetininga, Estação Ecológica de Angatuba (23º24’00”S; 48º21’00”W), 3&male;, (IBSP 138702; IBSP 138708; IBSP 138712), all collected by 11–16.XI.2002 by Equipe Biota; Itú (23°15’50”S; 47°17’56”W), Fazenda Pau D’Alho, 2&male;, 2&female;, 02.II.1959, F. Lane leg. (AMNH); Pindamonhangaba (22º55’26”S; 45º27’42”W), 1&male;, 15.XII.1994, R. Martins leg. (IBSP 5902); São Pedro, Ribeirão Vermelho (20°28’19”S; 45°07’27”W), 1&male;, 5&female;, XII.1945, A.Zamith leg.(IBSP212660); Limeira (22°33’54”S; 47°24’7”W), 1&female;, 17.XII.1951, W.C.A. Bokermann leg. (MZSP 12283); Jundiaí, Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi (23°12’00”S; 46º30’00”W), 1&male;, 08.XII.1997, A.J. Santos leg. (IBSP 15363); 1&female;, I.1999, A.J. Santos leg. (IBSP 37541); 1&female;, 2008–2009, C. Vieira leg. (IBSP 140752); Atibaia (23°35’30”S; 48°3’11”W), Parque Municipal da Serra de Itapetininga, 1&female;, 04.II.2000, A.J. Santos leg. (IBSP 37523); São Paulo, Campus USP, Reserva Florestal da CUASO (23º33’00”S; 46º43’00”W), 2&male;, 10&female;, 14.XII.1999 – 01.II.2001, (IBSP 29402–IBSP 29411; IBSP 30116; IBSP 32931), all collected by F.S. Cunha, J. Império, R.P. Indicatti & D.F. Candiani; Campus Instituto Butantan (23º33’00”S; 46º43’00”W), 1&male;, 11.XI.2004, no coll. (IBSP 215374); Campus Instituto Butantan, Horto Oswaldo Cruz, 1&female;, V.2000 – II.2001, D.F. Candiani leg. (IBSP 76235); Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga (23°38’24.6”S; 46°37’3.1”W), 1&female;, 20.I.2018, Z.R. Mendes leg. (IBSP 222762); Santo André, Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba (23º46’00”S; 46º18’20”W), 3&male;, 14–16.XII.2003, C.A. Rheims & R.P. Indicatti leg. (IBSP 52098); Parque Duque de Caxias (currently Parque Celso Daniel) (23°38’50”S; 46°32’9”W), 1&female;, 2004, A. Macedo leg. (IBSP 75194); Mauá, Gruta de Santa Luzia (23°40’00”S; 46°24’00”W), 1&female;, 2004, A. Macedo leg. (IBSP 62726); São Caetano, Parque Chico Mendes (23°37’57”S; 46°34’23”W), 1&female;, 2004, A. Macedo leg. (IBSP 75138); Salesópo- lis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia (23°37’53”S; 45°52’13”W), 1&female;, 13–17.III.2007, F V. Yamamoto leg. (IBSP 79028); 1&female;, 28.II–03.III.1992, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (IBSP 212904); Biritiba Mirim, Barragem do Rio Biritiba (23°36’12.143”S; 46°5’13.654”W), 1&female;, V.2003 (IBSP 117540); 2&female;, V.2003 (IBSP 122416), all collected by Equipe IBSP; Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins (24°28’59”S; 47°10’39”W), Núcleo Arpoador, 1&male;, 02.II.1997, R. Bertani leg. (IBSP 7784); Ubatuba, Parque Estadual Ilha Anchieta (23º32’00”S; 45º03’00”W), 3&male;, 1&female; (IBSP 138616; IBSP 138619; IBSP 138622; IBSP 138623), all collected in 23–30.VII.2001 by Equipe Biota; Mogi das Cruzes, Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety (23°12’00”S; 46°30’00”‘W), 1&male;, 13–19.X.2003, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139481); Ilhabela (23°48’54”S; 45°22’14”), Ilha da Vitória, 1&female;, III.1964, Expedição do Museu de Zoologia leg. (MZSP 14135); Paraná: Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha (25°14’17”S; 50°0’39”W), 1&male;, 15.XII.1986 (IBSP 221071); 2&male;, 29.XII.1986 (IBSP 221080); 1&female;, 03.XI.1986 (IBSP 221083); 1&female;, 05.I.1987 (IBSP 22110), all collected by Equipe CIIF; Pinhão, Rio dos Touros, UHE de Segredo (25°47’35”S; 52°6’47”W), 1&male;, 21.XI.1991, R. Pinto da Rocha & A.P. Barreto leg., am. 134 (MHCI); 1&male;, am. 156 (MHCI); Curitiba (25°25’47”S; 49°16’19”W), 1&male;, [without date], Rohr leg. (MNRJ 18352); Santa Catarina: Bombinhas, Reserva Biológica Marinha da Ilha do Arvoredo (27°17’57”S; 48°21’23”W), 1&female;, 3–7.V.1995, A.A. Lise et al. leg. (MCTP 6295); Blumenau, Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes do Garcia (27º01’00”S; 49º09’00”W), 1&female;, 21–28.I.2003, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 139679); Seara (27°8’56”S; 52°18’39”W), Nova Teutônia, 1&male;, [without date], F. Plaumann leg. (FMS 13600); Paulos Lopes, Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro (27°52’27”S; 48°49’26”W), 4&male;, 3&female; (IBSP 139714; IBSP 140039; IBSP 140040; IBSP 140053; IBSP 140062; IBSP 140075; IBSP 140098), all collected in 10–20.I.2003 by Equipe Biota; Rio Grande do Sul: Arroio Grande, Mata Ciliar do Rio Piratini (31°54’06.47”S; 52°39’08.29”W), 1&female;, 20.XII.2007 (MCN 54543); 1&female;, 30.I.2008 (MCN 54594); 1&male;, 19.XII.2008 (MCN 54867); 1&male;, 14.II.2009 (MCN 54883); all collected by E.N.L. Rodrigues & P.E.S. Rodrigues; Cristal (31°0’10”S; 52°3’0” W), Rio Camaquã, 1&male;, 19.XII.2007, E.N.L. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 48624); 2&female;, 03.II.2008, E.N.L. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 48639); Mata Ciliar do Rio Camaquã, 1&female;, 18.XII.2008, E.N.L. Rodrigues & P.E.S. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 53745); 1&female;, 23.III.2009, E.N.L. Rodrigues & P.E.S. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 53799); Maquiné, Fepagro (29º39’00”S; 50º12’00”W), 5&male;, 4&female; (IBSP 139184; IBSP 139202; IBSP 139210; IBSP 139229; IBSP 139238; IBSP 139249; IBSP 215376), all collected in 18–27.I.2002 by Equipe Biota; Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo (27°8’44”S; 53°53’10”W), 2&male;, 2&female;, 11–18.I.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 140030); Maquiné (29°40’30”S; 50°12’25”W), 1&male;, 12.XII.2007, L. Moura & R. Moraes leg., (MCN 43766); Maquiné, (29°40’30”S; 50°12’25”W), Mata Ciliar do Rio Maquiné, 1&female;, 17.XII.2007, E.N.L. Rodrigues & P.E.S. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 54113); 1&female;, 28.XII.2008, E. N.L. Ro- drigues & P.E.S. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 54357); Rio Maquiné, 1&male;, 27.I.2008, E.N.L. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 48435); Machadinho (27°34’01”S; 51°40’04”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, 11.XII.1980, A.A. Lise leg. (IBSP 258335); Santa Maria, Camo- bi, Cidade dos Meninos (29°42’7,77”S; 53°43’16.07”W), 1&male;, 18.XII.1997, L. Indrusiak & M. Monteiro leg. (IBSP 120124); 1&male;, 19.XII.1997, L. Indrusiak & M. Monteiro leg. (IBSP 214327); Palmares do Sul, Ilha Grande, Lagoa do Casamento (30°20’10”S; 50°37’46”W), 1&female;, 09.IV.2003, Equipe Probio leg. (MCN 35447); Parobé (29°37’44”S; 50°50’06”W), Rio dos Sinos, 1&female;, 25.XII.2008, E.N.L. & P.E.S. Rodrigues leg. (MCN 47864); Triunfo (29°56’34”S; 51°43’4”W), 1&female;, 25.XI.1994, L. Moura leg. (IBSP 212645); São Leopoldo (29º45’36”S; 51º08’49”W), 1&male;, 17.XII.1986, C.J. Becker leg. (IBSP 221100); Campo Bom (29º40’44”S; 51º03’10”W), 3&male;, 14.XII.1987, C.J. Beck- er leg. (IBSP 221102); Viamão (30°04’51”S; 51°01’22”W), 2&male;, 25.XI.1994 (MCTP 5825); 1&male;, 25.XI.1994 (MCTP ex. 5790); all collected by A.A. Lise et al.; Gravataí, Morungava (29°51’48”S; 50°52’33”W), 1&female;, 02.II.1992, A.D. Brescovit leg. (IBSP 221099). ARGENTINA. Misiones: San Pedro, Refugio Piñalito (26°30’00”S; 53°50’00”W), 1&male;, I.1954, M.E. Galiano & R.D. Schiapelli leg. (MACN-Ar). Diagnosis. Males of Patrera longipes are easily distinguished from the remaining species by the tibial retrolateral apophysis very large and rounded at tip with shovel-shaped, and by the conspicuous prolateral posterior cymbial projection (Figs 4D, E, 5B, 6D–H) in the male palp. Females are diagnosed by the broad atrium, wider than long, and by the triangular, large hood in the anterior area of the epigynal plate (Figs 5C, 6I). Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace orange. Chelicerae brown yellowish, labium and endites orange. Sternum orange, with dark borders. Legs yellowish orange. Abdomen dorsally brownish, ventrally grayish cream, with dark gray band transversely at the median region (close to the tracheal spiracle). Spinnerets whitish (Fig. 4A). Total length 5.5, carapace length 2.3, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.15, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.15, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.07. Chelicerae 1.2 long, six promarginal teeth, four retromarginal denticles (Fig. 6A). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.6/ patella 1.1/ tibia 4.0/ metatarsus 3.35/ tarsus 1.35/ total 13.4; II—3.45/ 1.05/ 3.55/ 3.0/ 1.2/ 12.25; III—2.25/ 0.7/ 1.9/ 2.15/ 0.7/ 7.7; IV—3.5/ 0.9/ 3.3/ 3.4/ 1.2/ 12.3. Leg spination: I—II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III—IV—tíbia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.25, epigastric furrow 2.05 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.35 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia as long as cymbium, slightly curved; cymbium with small ventral basal projection; oval tegulum, with sperm duct running along the basal border; tegular projection with rounded apex, prolaterally positioned; short, curved median apophysis; longitudinally grooved embolus, with prolateral origin, curved medially over the tegulum and projecting toward the apex of the cymbium (Figs 4C, 5A, 6B, D, E). Female (BMNH 1890.7.1.625). Coloration as in male, except dorsal abdomen, lighter (Fig. 4B). Total length 7.4, carapace length 2.8, width 2.25. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.17, PME 0.17, PLE 0.17; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.17 long, eight promarginal teeth, four retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.1/ patella 1.15/ tibia 4.35/ metatarsus 3.65/ tarsus 1.6/ total 14.85; II—3.86/ 1.05/ 3.9/ 3.35/ 1.25/ 13.4; III—2.65/ 0.9/ 2.05/ 2.6/ 0.7/ 8.9; IV—3.9/ 1.1/ 3.5/ 3.9/ 1.1/ 13.5. Leg spination: I— II—tibia v2-2-0, p0, r0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.65, epigastric furrow 1.5 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.7 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders narrow, not connected distally, medially projected over the atrium; internally with long, coiled copulatory ducts; elongated seminal receptacles, in the proximal area of the copulatory ducts; reniform spermathecae; fertilization ducts as long as the spermathecae, curved, basal (Figs 4F, G, 5C, D, 6I). Variation. Males (n=10): total length 5.5–7.5; carapace length 2.3–3.0; femur I length 3.6–5.2; Females (n=10): total length: 7.2–8.4; carapace length 2.7–3.2; femur I length 3.8–4.7. Distribution. Midwest, Southeast and South of Brazil and Northeastern Argentina (Fig. 27B)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 210-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1943) Catalogo das aranhas do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 37, 147 - 245.","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1915) Alguns generos e especies novas de araneidos do Brasil. Broteria, Series Zoology, 13, 129 - 142.","Silva-Moreira, T. da, Baptista, R. L. C., Kury, A. B., Giupponi, A. P. L., Buckup, E. H. & Brescovit, A. D. (2010) Annotated check list of Arachnida type specimens deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. II - Araneae. Zootaxa, 2588 (1), 1 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2588.1.1","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1922) Novas clubionidas do Brasil. Archivos da Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinaria, Rio de Janeiro, 6, 17 - 56.","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1926) Algumas aranhas do Brasil meridional. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 2, 1 - 18.","Brescovit, A. D. (1997) Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001"]}
Published: 2021
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9. Patrera virgata

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Patrera virgata, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera virgata (Keyserling, 1891) Figs 7A–D; 27F Anyphaena virgata Keyserling, 1891: 92, fig 54 (Syntypes two males and four females from Fazenda Calvário, Serra Vermelha, Itaocara (21°40’44”S; 42°4’55”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH 1890.7.1.595-600, examined). Lectotype male in BMNH 1890.7.1.595 and paralectotypes one male and four females in BMNH 1890.7.1.626–630, here designated). Teudis virgatus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 519. Patrera virgata: Brescovit, 1997: 33. Other material examined. None. Diagnosis. Patrera virgata resembles P. concolor by the male having conspicuous retrolateral tibial apophysis and flattened median apophysis in the male palp (as in Figs 17C, D, 18A, B), and having large hood and broad atrium in the female epigynum (as in Figs 17F, 18C). They differ by the inverted U-shaped sperm duct in the tegulum and by the retrolateral tibial apophysis enlarged at tip and presenting two laminar, triangular projections (Figs 7A, B) in the male palp. Females differ by the epigynum with semicircular hood and part of the copulatory ducts ventrally arched, shown by transparency (Figs 7C, D). Description. Male (Lectotype). Carapace reddish yellow with orange paramedian bands. Chelicerae, labium and endites reddish brown. Sternum and legs yellow. Abdomen yellow graying dorsally, with two blackish paramedian bands, ventrally light gray with cream spinnerets. Total length 4.8, carapace length 2.2, width 1.7. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.45 long, five promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.0/ patella 1.0/ tibia 3.55/ metatarsus 3.15/ tarsus 1.3/ total 12.0; II—2.6/ 0.9/ 3.0/ 2.7/ 1.15/ 10.15; III—1.7/ 0.7/ 1.4/ 1.9/ 0.6/ 6.3; IV—2.5/ 0.75/ 2.4/ 3.1/ 0.65/ 9.4. Leg spination: I— II—tíbia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 2.70, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia straight, slightly longer than the cymbium; cymbium oval; tegulum oval; tegular projection short, almost completely covered by the tegulum; elongated, subapical median apophysis; slender embolus, originating at the base of the tegulum (Figs 7A, B). Female (BMNH 1890.7.1.597). Colorations as in male, except abdomen lighter. Total length 5.4, carapace length 2.3, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.05 long, five promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.3/ patella 0.9/ tibia 2.4/ metatarsus 2.0/ tarsus 1.0/ total 8.6; II—2.1/ 0.8/ 2.05/ 1.7/ 0.8/ 7.45; III—1.5/ 0.7/ 1.1/ 1.55/ 0.5/ 5.35; IV—2.2/ 0.8/ 1.8/ 2.4/ 0.7/ 7.9. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p0, r0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; III—tibia v2-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1- 1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.0, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders connected distally; large and deep atrium; internally with elongated, coiled copulatory ducts; elongated and globose seminal receptacles, in the proximal area of the copulatory ducts; globose spermathecae; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae, curved and basal (Figs 7C, D). Distribution. Known only to the type locality, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Fig. 27F)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 215-217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819","Brescovit, A. D. (1997) Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001"]}
Published: 2021
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10. Patrera tensa Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new combination

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Patrera tensa, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera tensa (Keyserling, 1891), new combination Fig s 11A–G; 12A–D; 13A–F; 27F Anyphaena tensa Keyserling, 1891: 112, pl. 3, f. 72 (Holotype female from Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH, examined by photos). Anyphaena tensipes Keyserling, 1891: 115, pl. 3, f. 75 (Syntypes two males from Alto da Serra de Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH, examined by photos). New synonymy. Teudis tensus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 519. Teudis tensipes: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 519; Mello-Leitão, 1922: 27. Synonymy. Couples collected together as referred to in the examined material allowed joining these nominal species. Other materal examined. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (22°22’31”S; 44°39’44”W), Camping do Spanner, 1&male;, 18.XII.1996, R.I.C. Baptista leg. (IBSP 7401); 1&male;, I.1998, R.I.C. Bap- tista leg. (IBSP 212903); São Paulo: São José do Barreiro, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (23°2’30”S; 44°39’42”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138566); 1&male;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138571); 1&female;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138592); 1&male;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138574); 1&female;, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 138589). Diagnosis. Patrera tensa resembles P. pellucida by the similar embolus and route of the sperm duct in the tegulum of male palp (as in Figs 22A, 23A, 24B) and having small hood in the female epigynum (as in Figs 22F, 23C, 24F), but differ by the absence of retrolateral basal projection in the cymbium, by the narrow retrolateral tibial apophysis which is fan-shaped at the apex and by the enlarged basal area of the median apophysis in the male palp (Figs 11C–E, 12A, B, 13B–E). Females differs by the epigynum presenting small, triangular atrium, with parallel, not coiled copulatory ducts between the spermathecae (Figs 11F, G, 12C, D). Description. Male (IBSP 138574). Carapace and legs yellow; chelicerae yellow; labium and endites yellow. Abdomen with spots dorsal; ventrally cream (Fig. 11A). Total length 6.5, carapace length 2.9, width 2.4. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.08, AME– ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.1 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles (Fig. 13A). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.2/ patella 1.1/ tibia 4.8/ metatarsus 4.2/ tarsus 2.0 total 16.2; II—3.6/ 1.1/ 4.0/ 3.5/ 1.6/ 13.8; III—2.3/ 0.8/ 1.95/ 2.1/ 0.9/ 8.05; IV—3.3/ 0.95/ 2.9/ 3.8/ 1.1/ 12.05. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.5, epigastric furrow 1.0 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia as long as cymbium, slightly curved; tibial retrolateral apophysis with base slightly projected and scaly in the apex; cymbium oval; tegulum oval, with sperm duct sinuous at base; tegular projection short, not surpassing the distal border of tegulum; subapical median apophysis, curved at apex; furrowed, slender and curved embolus, originating at the base of the tegulum (Figs 11C–E, 12A, B, 13B–E). Female (IBSP 138589). Carapace yellow. Chelicerae yellow; labium, endites and sternum yellow. Legs yellow, darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen yellow with spots dorsal; ventrally yellow (Fig. 11B). Total length 6.4, carapace length 2.7, width 2.0. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.75/ patella 0.9/ tibia 2.8/ metatarsus 2.3/ tarsus 1.2/ total 9.95; II—2.5/ 0.9/ 2.5/ 2.1/ 1.0/ 9.0; III—1.85/ 0.89/ 1.3/ 1.6/ 0.78/ 6.42; IV—2.4/ 0.7/ 2.1/ 2.7/ 0.9/ 8.8. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-0-1, r1-0-1; II—tibia v2-0-0, p1-0- 0, r1-0-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.6, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders small, connected distally; small atrium; short and semicircular hood; internally with elongated and parallel copulatory ducts, short seminal receptacles, in the posterior portion of the copulatory ducts, reniform spermathecae; fertilization ducts short, curved, basal (Figs 11F, G, 12C, D). Variation. Males (n=6): total length 6.1–7.5; carapace length 2.8–3.2; femur I length 4.1–4.4; Females (n=4): total length: 6.2–6.8; carapace length 2.6–2.7; femur I length 2.7–2.9. Distribution. Southeast of Brazil. (Fig. 27F)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 223-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de (1922) Novas clubionidas do Brasil. Archivos da Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinaria, Rio de Janeiro, 6, 17 - 56."]}
Published: 2021
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11. Patrera pellucida Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, new combination

Author: Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio D.
Subjects: Patrera pellucida, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera pellucida (Keyserling, 1891), new combination Figs 22A–G; 23A–D; 24A–F; 27E Anyphaena pellucida Keyserling, 1891: 122, pl. 4, fig. 83 (Holotype female from Nova Friburgo (22°16’55”S; 42°31’51”W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Göldi leg., deposited in BMNH, examined). Sillus pellucidus: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 511. Other material examined. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Teresópolis (22°24’43”S; 42°57’57”W), Estrada Rio, 90– 1000 m, 1&female;, III.1946, H.S. Sick leg. (AMNH); Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (22°29’35”S; 43°4’24”W), 6&male;, 4&female; (IBSP 139523; IBSP 139525; IBSP 139534; IBSP 139538; IBSP 139541; IBSP 139545; IBSP 139546; IBSP139553; IBSP 139554); all collected in 18–22.VIII.2001 by Equipe Biota; Petrópolis, Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça (22°30’18”S; 43°10’44”W), 2&male;, 1&female; (IBSP 139447); 6&male;, 3&female; (IBSP 139436; IBSP 139439; IBSP 139440; IBSP 139446; IBSP 139447; IBSP139451; IBSP 139456), all collected in 12–14.XI.1999 by Equipe Biota; 11&male;, 9&female; (IBSP 139926; IBSP 139927; IBSP 139929; IBSP 139931; IBSP 139934–IBSP 139936; IBSP 139940; IBSP 139944; IBSP 139945; IBSP 139947–IBSP 139950); all collected in 08–15.II.2000 by Equipe Biota; São Paulo: Iporanga, Fazenda Intervales (24°16’6.3”S; 48°24’49.7”W), 1&male;, IV–V.1996, A. Leme leg. (IBSP 7854); Paraná: Morretes, Morro da Farinha Seca (25°22’32”S; 48°55’4”W), 4&female;, 15–20.IX.1995, M. Silveira & A. Braul leg. (MCTP 3206); Santa Catarina: Rancho Queimado (27°40’22”S; 49°1’19”W), 1&male;, 1&female;, 13–15.I.1995, L.A. Moura leg. (MCN 26354; MCN 26355). Diagnosis. Patrera pellucida resembles P. tensa by the similar embolus and route of the sperm duct in the tegulum of male palp (as in Figs 11C, 12A, 13B) and by having small hood in the female epigynum (as in Figs 11F, 12C). They differ by the small retrolateral basal projection in the cymbium, retrolateral tibial apophysis sinuous and furrowed in median area in the male palp (Figs 22C–E, 23A, B, 24D, E), and by the small and triangular lateral borders of the female epigynum (Figs 22F, 23C, 24F). Description. Male (IBSP 139447). Carapace and legs orange; chelicerae red brown, with darker distal area; labium and endites orange. Sternum orange, with dark borders. Abdomen dorsally reddish cream with faintly orange paramedian bands, ventrally grayish cream and spinnerets grayish (Fig. 22A). Total length 8.2, carapace length 3.1, width 2.5. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.18, PME 0.18, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.08. Chelicerae 2.2 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles (Fig. 24A). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 5.1/ patella1.6/ tibia 6/ metatarsus 5.2/ tarsus 2.2/ total 20.1; II—4.2/ 1.4/ 5.1/ 4.5/ 1.9/ 17.1; III—3/ 1.2/ 2.5/ 3.2/ 1.1/ 11; IV—4.1/ 1.3/ 3.8/ 5.2/ 1.4/ 15.8. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1p-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1p-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0 metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1- 1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.4, epigastric furrow 1.4 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.7 from base of spinnerets. Palp: tibia long as cymbium, slightly curved; tibial retrolateral apophysis truncated, curved and serrated on the anterior margin; cymbium oval; tegulum oval, with sperm duct sinuous at base; subtegular projection short, almost all covered by the tegulum; short and almost apical median apophysis; slender prolateral embolus, originating at the base of the tegulum (Figs 22C–E, 23A, B, 24B–E). Female (IBSP 139447). Colorations as in male, except abdomen lighter (Fig. 22B). Total length 9.7, carapace length 3.8, width 2.8. Clypeus height 0.12. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.20, PME 0.20, PLE 0.22; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.18, ALE–PLE 0.08. Chelicerae 1.7 long, five promarginal teeth, seven retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.5/ patella 1.6/ tibia 4.9/ metatarsus 4.1/ tarsus 1.8/ total 16.9; II—4.2/ 1.6/ 4.3/ 3.8/ 1.6/ 15.5; III—3/ 1.2/ 2.2/ 2.8/ 1.1/ 10.3; IV—4.1/ 1.3/ 3.6/ 4.7/ 1.3/ 15. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; II—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; III—tibia v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 5.8, epigastric furrow 1.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.1 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: lateral borders not connected distally; small, enlarged atrium; internally with elongated, coiled copulatory ducts; elongated seminal receptacles, in the proximal area of the copulatory ducts; reniform spermathecae; fertilization ducts as long as the spermathecae, curved, basal (Figs 22F, G, 23C, D, 24F). Variation. Males (n=7): total length 5.1–8.9; carapace length 2.1–3.5; femur I length 3.8–4.8. Females (n=4): total length: 7.4–9.4; carapace length 3.1–3.7; femur I length 3.6–4.2. Distribution. Southeast and South of Brazil (Fig. 27E)., Published as part of Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2021, The spider genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaeninae) in the Atlantic Forest biome, with the description of one new species from Brazil, pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4991 (2) on pages 237-241, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5028185, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Vol. 3. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, 278 pp.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23819"]}
Published: 2021
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12. Tafana humahuaca De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Tafana humahuaca, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana humahuaca sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 16D23428-F7B9-48A6-93EE-95B3AE8F97DC Figs 15, 32J, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana humahuaca sp. nov. resemble those of T. riveti and T. nevada sp. nov. by having the short embolus, but differ by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus truncated, extremely short and with excavation between the base of the embolus and the apophysis (Fig. 15C–E). Females resemble those of Tafana nevada sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate, but differ by having atrium narrow in the anterior region, small hood with lateral lobes extremely curved in the anterior region (Figs 15F–G, 32J). Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a tribute to ‘Quebrada de Humahuaca’, a deep canyon located in Jujuy Province, the type locality. Material examined Holotype ARGENTINA • 1 &male;; Jujuy Province, Santa Bárbara; [24°18′31″ S, 64°39′37″ W]; Oct. 1969; G. Williner leg.; MACN-Ar 41787. Paratype ARGENTINA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; Oct. 1962; MACN-Ar 41788. Description Male (holotype, MACN-Ar 41787) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange (Fig. 15A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae yellow. Legs I–III yellow with spots on the articles. Abdomen with dark spots (Fig. 15A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.3, carapace length 2.3, width 1.7. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.8 long, with five promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—lost; II—femur 1.7/ patella 0.73 /tibia 1.7/ metatarsus 1.6 /tarsus 0.84 / total 6.57; III—1.6 / 0.7/ 1.4 /1.4 / 0.7/ 5.8; IV—lost. LEG SPINATION. II—tibia v2-1-2, p1-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-0, p0-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-0, p0-1-0. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis conical with apex curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection more rounded; embolus short; ventral tegular process near the median apophysis and sclerotized; sperm duct in vertical position with secondary looping reaching the apex of the tegulum; median apophysis slender and curved apically (Fig. 15C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 2.7, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, MACN-Ar 41788) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species (Fig. 15B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.2, carapace length 2.4, width 1.3. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.6 /patella 0.8/ tibia 1.4/ metatarsus 1.3/ tarsus 0.8 /total 5.9; II— 1.9/ 0.8/ 1.1 /1.15 / 0.6 /5.55; III—1.3/ 0.63 / 0.8/ 1.2/ 0.5/ 4.43; IV—1.9 / 0.8/ 1.5/ 2.1/ 0.65 / 6.95. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v1-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Hood semicircular and sclerotized; short atrium; lateral lobes over copulatory ducts. Internally, copulatory ducts narrow; primary spermathecae large and oval; secondary spermathecae above the primary spermathecae and rounded; fertilization ducts long (Fig. 15F–G). ABDOMEN. Length 3.2, epigastric furrow 0.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.3 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Jujuy, Argentina (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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13. Tafana straminea AMNH

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Tafana straminea, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana straminea (L. Koch, 1866) Figs 11–12, 32G, 34 Anyphaena straminea L. Koch, 1866: 207 (type: immature holotype from Santa Fé de Bogota, currently Bogotá, Colombia, deposited in BMNH, examined). Tafana straminea – Brescovit 1997: 90. Diagnosis Males of Tafana straminea differ from those of other species by the long embolus and the secondary looping of sperm duct not reaching the border of the tegulum (Figs 11C, 12A–C). Females resemble those of T. kunturmarqa sp. nov. and T. ruizi sp. nov. by the epigynal plate shape with an atrial septum, but differ by the wide atrial septum and long fertilization ducts, ventrally overlapping the primary spermathecae (Figs 11F–G, 32G). Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • immature; Santa Fé de Bogota [currently Bogotá]; [4°35′53″ N; 74°4′33″ W]; 1 Jul. 1890; BMNH 1890.7.1.583. Other material COLOMBIA – Boyacá • 1 &male;; Tunja, Páramo Alto Belén; [5°59′22″ N, 72°54′44″ W]; 23 Sep. 1985; H. Sturn leg.; MCZ. – Cundinamarca • 1 &male;; Monte Redondo, La Calera, National Park Chingaza; [4°28′00″ N, 73°44′00″ W]; 14 Sep. 1986; C. Valderrama leg.; IBSP 258178 • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 258180 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 258181. ECUADOR – Tungurahua • 1 &male;; Baños; [1°23′47″ N, 78°25′29″ W]; 2 May 1939; Clarke and Macintyre leg.; AMNH • 2 &female;&female;; same collection data as for preceding; AMNH • 1 &male;; Apr. 1939; AMNH. Remark The holotype is an immature in last instar. In comparison with other adult specimens from Colombia, we noticed that the reddish brown color of the carapace is unique for this species. The spots on the abdomen and spination of the legs are similar. Therefore, we consider here that these specimens represent the adults of the species Tafana straminea. Description Male (MCZ) COLOR. Carapace reddish brown, darker in cephalic region (Fig. 11A), labium, endites, sternum and chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen grayish with dorsal spots (Fig 11A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 10.01, carapace length 4.3, width 3.4. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.2, ALE 0.18, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.2, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 2.7 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 3.9 /patella 1.7/ tibia 4.0/ metatarsus 3.3 / tarsus 1.4/ total 14.3; II— 3.6/ 1.8/ 3.6 /3.0 / 1.3/ 13.3; III—2.1 /1.0 / 1.43 /1.6 /0.7 / 6.83; IV—3.4 / 1.5/ 3.4/ 3.6 /1.1 / 13.0. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-1-1; III—tibia p0-0-1, r0-0-1, metatarsus v2-1-2, p0-1-1; IV—tibia p0-0-0, metatarsus p0-1-1, r0-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis in vertical position long and conical; cymbium with prolateral projection; ventral tegular process short near of the base of the median apophysis; apophysis at the base of the embolus short; sperm duct in vertical position with secondary looping without reaching the apex of the tegulum; median apophysis sharp and curved at the apex (Figs 11C–E, 12A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 5.7, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.5 from base of spinnerets. Female (IBSP 258181) COLOR. As in males of this species (Fig. 11B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 12.0, carapace length 5.8, width 4.3. Clypeus height 0.22. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 1.0, ALE 1.0, PME 1.1, PLE 0.9; AME–AME 0.9, AME–ALE 0.5, PME– PME 1.5, PME–PLE 1.8, ALE–PLE 0.7. Chelicerae 2.8 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 5.23 /patella 2.6 /tibia 5.2 /metatarsus 4.4 / tarsus 1.9/ total 19.33; II— 4.8/ 2.4/ 4.5 /3.9 / 1.7/ 17.3; III—3.7 /1.73 / 2.7 /3.1 /1.2 / 12.43; IV—3.7 / 1.1/ 3.3/ 3.7/ 1.1/ 12.9. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v0-1-0, metatarsus 2-0-0; II—tibia v0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia r1-1-0. ABDOMEN. Length 6.1, epigastric furrow 1.1 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.7 from base of spinnerets. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular and sclerotized; epigynal plate with posterior region covered by cuticle; atrium with septum; lateral lobes extremely curved in the anterior region. Internally, copulatory ducts large in the anterior region; secondary spermathecae rounded in middle of the copulatory ducts, oval primary spermathecae; fertilization ducts long (Figs 11F–G, 32G). Variation Four males: total length 7.4–11.5; carapace 3.3–4.8; femur I 3.0–5.4. Two females: total length 7.8–8.4; carapace 3.4–3.5; femur I 2.8–3.0. Distribution Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404, {"references":["Koch L. 1866. Die Arachniden - Familie der Drassiden. Parts 1 - 6: 1 - 304.","Brescovit A. D. 1997. Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001"]}
Published: 2021
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14. Tafana huatanay De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Tafana huatanay, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana huatanay sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DE788AB4-AF1A-4605-8F07-9403EFF8DADD Figs 19–20, 33A, 34 Diagnosis Males of Tafana huatanay sp. nov. resemble those of T. riveti, T. humahuaca sp. nov. and T. nevada sp. nov. by having the short embolus, but differ by having the base of the embolus wide (Figs 19C, 20A–C). Females resemble those of T. riveti, T. humahuaca sp. nov. and T. nevada sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate with curved lateral lobes in anterior region, but differ by having the copulatory ducts medially flattened and secondary spermathecae on the sides of the primary spermathecae in dorsal view (Figs 19F–G, 33A). Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a tribute to the ‘Sacred Valley of the Incas’ called Huatanay. Material examined Holotype PERU • 1 &male;; Cusco, Parque Wiñay Wuyna; [13°30′30″ S, 71°58′18″ W]; 10 Feb. 1990; D. Silva leg.; MUSM. Paratype PERU • 1 &female;; Paucartambo, Pilcopata, National Park Del Manu Carretera; [12°08′00″ S, 71°40′00″ W]; 2700 m a.s.l.; 19 Feb. 1990; D. Silva leg.; MUSM. Other material BOLIVIA – La Paz • 2 &female;&female;; Sainami, Valley of the Zongo; [16°29′39″ S; 68°08′51″ W]; 4 Aug. 1993; A.D. Brescovit leg.; IBSP 258182. COLOMBIA – Neiva • 1 &female;; Huila, Finca Meremberg, 10 km E of Santa Leticia; [2°59′55″ N, 75°18′16″ W]; Mar. 1979; W. Eberhard leg.; MCZ. ECUADOR – Quito • 3 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; Golf Club; [0°15′00″ S, 78°35′00″ W]; 21 Jul. 1958; A.M. Nadler leg.; AMNH. PERU – Cusco • 3 &female;&female;; Carretera to Manu National Park, Paucartambo, Pilcopata; [12°08′00″ S, 71°40′00″ W]; 17–19 Feb. 1990; D. Silva leg.; MUSM • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding but 18 Feb. 1990; MUSM • 1 &male;; Calca, Hacienda Urco; [13°19′09″ S, 71°57′1700″ W]; 15 Oct. 1939; K.P. Schmidt leg.; FMNH. Description Male (holotype, MUSM) COLOR. Carapace orange (Fig. 19A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen gray with dark spots (Fig. 19A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.6, carapace length 2.7, width 2.1. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.1, PME 0.12, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.7 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.2 /patella 0.9/ tibia 2.1/ metatarsus 1.8/ tarsus 1.0 /total 8.0; II— 2.0/ 1.0/ 1.9 /1.7 / 0.9/ 7.5; III—1.8 / 0.9/ 1.3/ 1.5/ 0.5/ 6.0; IV—2.5/ 1.1/ 2.15 / 2.7/ 0.7/ 9.15. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus short and furrowed; embolus short; ventral tegular process near the median apophysis; sperm duct with secondary looping reaching the apex of the tegulum (Figs 19C–E, 20A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 2.8, epigastric furrow 0.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, MUSM) COLOR. Coloration as in males of this species, except for reddish carapace and chelicerae reddish brown (Fig. 19B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.0, carapace length 2.1, width 1.7. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, with four promarginal teeth and three retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.5 / patella 0.63 / tibia 1.3 /metatarsus 1.1 /tarsus 0.6/ total 5.13; II— 1.42 / 0.5/ 1.1/ 1.1/ 0.6 /4.72; III—1.2/ 0.6/ 0.8 /1.1 /0.4 / 4.1; IV—1.6 / 0.6 /1.3 / 1.4/ 0.6/ 5.5. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia p0-1-1, r0-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Hood semircular, with sclerotized lateral lobes; atrium narrow and elongated; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes extremely curved in anterior region. Internally, copulatory ducts sinuous and flattened; primary spermathecae large and oval; secondary spermathecae lateral to the primary spermathecae, rounded, and fertilization ducts long (Figs 19F–G, 20E, 33A). ABDOMEN. Length 3.8, epigastric furrow 0.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.7 from base of spinnerets. Variation Five males: total length 4.4–7.9; carapace 2.0–3.3; femur I 1.9–2.6. Six females: total length 4.3–5.3; carapace 1.8–2.0; femur I 1.3–1.5. Distribution Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 33-36, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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15. Tafana arawak De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Tafana arawak, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana arawak sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7BF3C0A5-9472-46CF-80F3-AEEDFB9EA022 Figs 27, 33E, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana arawak sp. nov. resemble others of the silhavyi group by a laminar and coiled apophysis at the base of the embolus, but differ by the retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid (Fig. 27C–E). Females resemble those of T. silhavyi and T. maracay sp. nov. by the epigynal plate with wide atrium, but differ by the atrium extremely wide and the large hood (Figs 27F–G, 33E). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Brazilian Portuguese word ‘Aruaques’ (in Spanish ‘Arahuaco’) for the name of an indigenous group from the Americas, named ‘Arawak’, meaning ‘flour eater’. The name should be treated as a noun in apposition. Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • 1 &male;; Aragua, Colonia Tovar; [10°24′20″ N, 67°17′22″ W]; no date; E. Simon leg.; MNHN 11320. Paratype VENEZUELA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 11320. Description Male (holotype, MNHN 11320) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with cephalic region dark (Fig. 27A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darkest at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with spots in dorsal view (Fig. 27A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.1, carapace length 2.7, width 2.2. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.1, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 3.1/ patella 1.1/ tibia 3.8/ metatarsus 3.27 / tarsus 1.3/ total 12.57; II— 2.8/ 1.1/ 3.1 /2.8 / 1.1/ 10.9; III—2.0 /0.8 / 1.2/ 2.0/ 0.6/ 6.6; IV—2.8 / 0.75 /2.6 / 3.2/ 0.8/ 10.15. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia p1-1-0. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid with anterior branch truncated and posterior branch thin; cymbium with retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus laminar and coiled; embolus long with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process long and hyaline; basal protuberance of the tegulum short; sperm duct with secondary looping in oblique position in the tegulum (Fig. 27C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 3.2, epigastric furrow 0.63 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.6 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, MNHN 11320) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species (Fig. 27B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.1, carapace length 2.9, width 2.2. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and six retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.9/ patella 1.1/ tibia 3.2/ metatarsus 2.59 / tarsus 1.1/ total 10.89; II— 2.6/ 1.0/ 2.75 / 2.3/ 1.0 /9.65; III—2.0 / 0.8/ 1.5 /1.7 /0.6 / 6.6; IV—2.8/ 0.82 / 2.5/ 3.1 /0.75 / 9.97. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood triangular; wide atrium; epigynal plate covered with hyaline cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes sinuous. Internally, copulatory ducts extremely large in the anterior region; primary spermathecae oval and separated; secondary spermathecae small, lateral of the primary spermathecae, and fertilization ducts longer than the primary spermathecae (Figs 27F–G, 33E). ABDOMEN. Length 4.0, epigastric furrow 0.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.2 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Venezuela (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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16. Tafana riveti Simon 1903

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana riveti, Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana riveti Simon, 1903 Figs 6G, 9B, E–F, 10, 32F, 34 Tafana riveti Simon, 1903: 124. Tafana riveti – Berland 1913: 105, figs 91–96 (descr. of male). — Roewer 1954: 546. — Bonnet 1959: 4232. — Brescovit 1997: 90, figs 225–238. Diagnosis Males of Tafana riveti resemble those of T. straminea, T. kunturmarqa sp. nov., T. humahuaca sp. nov. and T. nevada sp. nov., by the apophysis at the base of the embolus short, but differ by retrolateral tibial apophysis short and with large base in retrolateral view and visible subtegulum on palp when not expanded (Fig. 10C–E). Females differ from those of other species by the short atrium, triangular hood and lateral lobe curved in the anterior region and sclerotized (Fig. 10F). Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • &female;; Cerro Troya, 5 km S of Tulcan; [0.73333° N, 77.68333° W]; 1901; G. Riveti leg.; MNHN. Other material COLOMBIA – Valle del Cauca • 1 &male;, Lago Calima; [3°53′44″ N, 76°29′41″ W]; Jan. 1979; W. Eberhard leg.; MCZ. – Magdalena • 1 &male;; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°53′27.3″ N, 73°59′43.9″ W]; 28 Sep. 2017; L. Martínez leg.; IBSP 223307. ECUADOR – Quito • 1 &female;; Pichincha, Monte Pichincha; [0°15′00″ S, 78°35′00″ W]; Oct.1944; G.W. Prescott leg.; MCZ • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Pichincha; 15 km from Pifo; [0°15′00″ S, 78°35′00″ W]; 5 Oct. 1982; A. Roig leg.; MACN-Ar • 3 &male;&male;, 4 &female;&female;; same collection data as for preceding; MCN 24624 • 2 &female;&female;; Pichincha, 10 km from Pifo; [0°15′00″ S, 78°35′00″ W]; 30 Sep. 1978; A. Roig leg.; MACN-Ar • 1 &male;; Pichincha, Eucalyptus forest; [0°15′00″ S, 78°35′00″ W]; 30 Sep. 1978; A. Roig leg.; MACN-Ar • 1 &male;; Cotopaxi; [0°40′ S, 78°26′ W]; 18 Apr. 1982; A. Roig leg.; MACN-Ar • 1 &female;; Loja [3°59′ S, 79°12′ W]; 21–22 Aug. 1977; L.E. Peña leg.; AMNH • 1 &female;; Azuay; [2°53′57″ S, 79°00′55″ W]; 20 Aug. 1988; W. Maddison leg.; MCZ • 1 &male;; Chimborazo; [2°8′59″ S, 78°54′27″ W]; Danas; 1904; G. Riveti leg.; MNHN • 2 &male;&male;; Casitagua; [3°20′00″ S, 78°29′00″ W]; 1903; G. Riveti leg.; MNHN. PERU – Cuzco • 1 &male;; Machu Picchu; [13°9′47″ S, 72°32′44″ W]; 19–23 Jun. 1964; B. Malkin leg.; AMNH. Remark The type locality of Cerro Troya, 5 km south of Tulcan was defined using a database of Wharton Lab, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University from http://mx.speciesfile.org/projects/8/public/public_content/show/21273?content_template_id=88. Description Male and female described by Brescovit (1997: 90, figs 225–238). Distribution Colombia, Peru and Ecuador (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404, {"references":["Simon E. 1903. Descriptions d'Arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 47: 21 - 39.","Berland L. 1913. Araignees. In: Service geographique de l'Armee. Mission du Service geographique de l'Armee pour la mesure d'un arc du meridien equatorial en Amerique du Sud (1899 - 1906) 10: 78 - 119. Gauthier-Villars, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 980","Roewer C. F. 1954. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Vol. 2: 1 - 923. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels.","Bonnet P. 1959. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (5 e partie: T-Z): 4231 - 5058. Douladoure, Toulouse.","Brescovit A. D. 1997. Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001","Caporiacco L. Di. 1955. Estudios sobre los aracnidos de Venezuela 2 a parte: Araneae. Acta biologica Venezuelica 1 (16): 245 - 448."]}
Published: 2021
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17. Tafana nevada De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana nevada, Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana nevada sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ABEBEE44-6E38-47E3-A0BA-7C343EB73C9B Figs 17–18, 32L, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana nevada sp. nov. resemble those of T. riveti and T. humahuaca sp. nov. by having the short embolus, but differ from the others by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus long and curved (Figs 17C–D, 18A–C). Females resemble those of T. humahuaca sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate with parallel lateral lobes, but differ by having a large atrium in the anterior region and a hyaline membrane in the posterior region (Figs 17F–G, 33L). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from type locality, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • 1 &male;; Sierra Nueva Granada, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 9 Apr. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; AMNH. Paratype COLOMBIA • 1 &female;; San Pedro, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 26 Feb. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; AMNH. Other material COLOMBIA – Magdalena Departament • 1 &female;; Santa Marta, San Pedro, Carmelo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 26 Feb. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &male;; Santa Marta, SE of the Cerro, Yosagaca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 30 Dec. 1973; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &male;; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serra Nueva Granada; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 9 Apr. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &female;; Santa Marta, San Pedro, Carmelo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 7 Feb. 1974; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBSP 209872 • 1 &male;; Santa Marta, Serra Nueva Granada; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 20 Feb. 1974; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBSP 209873. – Cordillera Oriental • 2 &female;&female;; Scorpa Mission, Serra del Perijá; [10°00′59″ N, 72°57′28″ W]; 10–22 Aug. 1968; B. Malkin leg.; AMNH. – Cundinamarca • 1 &female;; Sasaima, Finca Bella Vista; [4°57′54″ N, 74°26′05″ W]; 16 Mar. 1965; P.R. Craig leg.; CAS. VENEZUELA – Aragua • 1 &female;; Rancho Grande; [10°38′30″ N, 68°00′31″ W]; 4 Mar. 1959; A.M. Nadler leg.; AMNH. – Monagas • 1 &female;; Caripe, Cueva del Guácharo; [10°10′09″ N, 63°30′36″ W]; 20–30 Jul. 1987; S. and J. Peck leg.; AMNH. Description Male (holotype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 17A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with dark spots (Fig. 17A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.6, carapace length 2.6, width 2.2. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 1.1 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.5 / patella 1.0/ tibia 2.53 / metatarsus 2.2 /tarsus 0.9 /total 9.13; II— 2.3/ 1.0/ 2.2 /2.0 / 0.8/ 8.3; III—1.8 / 0.62 / 1.9/ 1.2/ 0.6/ 6.12; IV—2.4/ 0.9 /2.0 / 2.6/ 0.62 / 8.52. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-2-0, p0-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis conical and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus long and curved; embolus extremely short; ventral tegular process near the median apophysis; median apophysis slender and curved; subtegulum not projected; sperm duct with secondary looping reaching the apex of the tegulum (Figs 17C–D, 18A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 3.0, epigastric furrow 0.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 17B). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellowish gray with dark spots (Fig. 17B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.9, carapace length 2.6, width 2.0. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.2 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.88 / patella 1.0/ tibia 1.2 /metatarsus 1.1 /tarsus 0.7/ total 5.88; II— 1.7/ 0.9/ 1.4 /1.2 / 0.6/ 5.8; III—1.1 / 0.6/ 0.9/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 4.1; IV—1.2/ 0.8/ 1.2/ 2.1 /0.6 / 5.9. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-0-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood semicircular and sclerotized; broad atrium; lateral lobes covering copulatory ducts; posterior region covered by cuticle. Internally, copulatory ducts short; primary spermathecae large and oval; secondary spermathecae above the primary spermathecae and rounded; long fertilization ducts in horizontal position (Figs 17F–G, 33L). ABDOMEN. Length 3.3, epigastric furrow 0.45 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Variation Two males: total length 4.2–4.9; carapace 1.9–1.9; femur I 1.7–1.9. Ten females: total length 4.3–6.7; carapace 1.6–2.4; femur I 1.3–1.9. Distribution Venezuela and Colombia (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 30-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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18. Tafana maracay De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Tafana maracay, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana maracay sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 692C24F0-D9ED-4D1B-9831-129C603BB253 Figs 8C–F, 25–26, 33D, 34 Diagnosis Males of T. maracay sp. nov. resemble those of the silhavyi group by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus laminar, but differ from the other species by having the retrolateral tibial apophysis short, curved apically and presenting a basal projection rounded (Figs 25C–E, 26C). Females resemble those of T. silhavyi and T. arawak sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate with a wide atrium, but differ by having the copulatory ducts slightly narrowing in the anterior region (Figs 25F–G, 33D). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Maracay, currently the capital of the State of Aragua in Venezuela. Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • 1 &male;; Aragua, Colonia Tovar; [10°24′20″ N, 67°17′22″ W]; E. Simon leg.; MNHN 11319. Paratypes VENEZUELA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 11319 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 209871. Other material VENEZUELA – Aragua • 1 &male;, 2 &female;&female;; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 11314. Description Male (holotype, MNHN 11319) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with cephalic region dark (Fig. 25A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darkest at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with dark spots in dorsal view (Fig. 25A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.7, carapace length 2.1, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.0 / patella 0.9/ tibia 2.2/ metatarsus 1.83 /tarsus 0.9 /total 7.83; II— 1.9/ 0.7/ 1.8 /1.8 / 0.5/ 6.7; III—1.2/ 0.6/ 1.0/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 4.3; IV—1.7 / 0.6/ 1.4/ 1.8 /0.49 / 5.99. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short, extremely curved at the apex; cymbium with basal retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus laminar and coiled; embolus long with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process short and hyaline; subtegulum hardly visible; sperm duct with primary looping large (Figs 25C–E, 26A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 2.6, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.2 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, MNHN 11319) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species (Fig. 25B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.6, carapace length 2.5, width 1.95. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.1, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.8 /patella 0.9/ tibia 1.8/ metatarsus 1.5/ tarsus 0.8 /total 6.8; II— 1.8/ 0.9/ 1.6 /1.4 / 0.7/ 6.4; III—1.5 / 0.8/ 1.0/ 1.22 / 0.4/ 4.22; IV—2.0 / 0.9 /1.6 / 2.2/ 0.6/ 7.3. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r0-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r0-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood triangular and connecting to the lateral lobes; wide atrium; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes sinuous. Internally, copulatory ducts slightly narrow in the anterior region; primary spermathecae oval; secondary spermathecae large, above primary spermathecae; fertilization ducts long (Figs 25F–G, 26D–E, 33D). ABDOMEN. Length 4.0, epigastric furrow 1.0 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.7 from base of spinnerets. Variation Three males: total length 4.1–5.3; carapace 1.8–2.4; femur I 1.9–2.5. Four females: total length 4.3–6.6; carapace 1.7–2.3; femur I 1.3–2.0. Distribution Venezuela (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 44-47, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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19. Arachosia praesignis Keyserling 1891

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Arachosia praesignis, Biodiversity, Arachosia, Taxonomy
Abstract: Arachosia praesignis Keyserling, 1891 BRAZIL • 2 &male;&male;, 1 &female;; São Paulo, São Paulo; [23°32′52″ S, 46°38′09″ W]; 31 Mar. 2007; F.U. Yamamoto leg.; IBSP 87975., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on page 68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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20. Tafana ruizi De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Tafana ruizi, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana ruizi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DAF38D70-D874-40E0-9C78-A041F4B36B88 Figs 21, 33B, 34 Diagnosis Males of Tafana ruizi sp. nov. resemble those of T. straminea and T. kunturmarqa sp. nov. by having the base of the embolus large and inclined, but differ by having the ventral tegular process large and apex of tegulum not rounded (Fig. 21C). Females resemble those of T. straminea and T. kunturmarqa sp. nov. by having the atrial septum, but differ by having the wide atrium, showing the copulation openings and hood long and circular (Figs 21F–G, 33B). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of the Cuban arachnologist Alexandre Sánchez-Ruiz for his contributions to the taxonomy of spiders. Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • 1 &male;; Departamento de Caldas, Pensilvania; [5°23′02″ N, 75°09′40″ W]; 10 Oct. 2003; A. Sánchez-Ruiz leg.; IBSP 258183. Paratype COLOMBIA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 258183. Description Male (holotype, IBSP 258183) COLOR. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 21A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow with spots, darker at tarsi. Abdomen dark with spots yellow in dorsal view (Fig. 21A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.9, carapace length 3.2, width 2.5. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.1, PME– PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 2.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.7 /patella 1.2/ tibia 2.7/ metatarsus 2.3 / tarsus 1.1/ total 10.0; II— 2.5/ 1.1/ 2.5 /2.0 / 1.0/ 9.1; III—2.0 / 0.9/ 1.4/ 1.7/ 0.6/ 6.6; IV—2.4 / 1.1/ 2.3/ 2.7 /0.8 / 9.3. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-2-1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-2-1; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-2. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis long and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus short and furrowed; embolus long; ventral tegular process wide and near the median apophysis; sperm duct with the secondary looping almost reaching apex of tegulum (Fig. 21C– E). ABDOMEN. Length 3.6, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, IBSP 258183) COLOR. Coloration as in males of this species, except for the reddish carapace and chelicerae reddish brown and robust (Fig. 21B). Abdomen gray with spots in dorsal view (Fig. 21B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.4, carapace length 3.0, width 2.4. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.2 long, with five promarginal teeth and six retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.1 /patella 1.1/ tibia 1.9/ metatarsus 1.5/ tarsus 0.8 /total 7.4; II— 2.0/ 1.1/ 1.8 /1.5 / 0.8/ 7.2; III—1.52 /0.9 / 1.1/ 1.4/ 0.5/ 5.42; IV—2.0 / 1.0 /2.0 / 2.2/ 0.6/ 7.8. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; III—metatarsus v2-0-2, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; IV—tibia r0- 1-0, metatarsus v2-0-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular; atrial septum present; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes extremely curved in anterior region. Internally, copulatory ducts sinuous and laminar; primary spermathecae large and oval; secondary spermathecae short and rounded in the anterior region on the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts long over the primary spermathecae (Figs 21F–G, 33B). ABDOMEN. Length 4.1, epigastric furrow 0.98 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.9 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Colombia (Fig. 34).
Published: 2021
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21. Anyphaena accentuata Walckenaer 1802

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Anyphaena accentuata, Anyphaena, Taxonomy
Abstract: Anyphaena accentuata Walckenaer, 1802 GREECE • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Kerkira Island; [39°40′ N, 19°45′ E]; Jan. 1995; Paganelli leg.; MCN 22140., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on page 68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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22. Xiruana gracilipes Keyserling 1891

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Xiruana, Animalia, Araneae, Xiruana gracilipes, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Xiruana gracilipes Keyserling, 1891 BRAZIL • 1 &female;; São Paulo, São Paulo, Parque Estadual do Jaraguá; [23°32′51″ S, 46°38′10″ W]; 28 Mar. 2014; J.L. Chavari and R. Indicatti leg.; IBSP 166120 • 1 &male;; Santa Catarina, Florianópolis; 27°35′49″ S, 48°32′56″ W; 12 Feb. 2007; R.S. Melo leg.; IBSP 72660., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on page 68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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23. Tafana quelchi

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Tafana quelchi, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana quelchi (Pocock, 1895) Figs 13, 32H, 34 Aysha quelchii Pocock, 1895: 140–143, fig. 1 (syntypes: adult male and immature male from Monte Roraima [frontier between Brazil and Venezuela], deposited in BMNH, examined). Anyphaena quelchii – Pocock 1900: 67, figs 2c–d. — Bonnet 1955: 347. Tafana quelchii – Brescovit 1997: 89 (designation of lectotype and paralectotype). Diagnosis Males of Tafana quelchi differ from those of all other species in the genus by the presence of a bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis and by the apical prolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 13C–E). Females are readily recognized by having the copulatory ducts coiled, covering the primary spermathecae (Figs 13G, 32H). Material examined Syntypes BRAZIL • 1 &male;, 1 immature &male;; Monte Roraima [frontier between Brazil and Venezuela]; J.J. Quelch leg.; BMNH 1895.3.30.1. Other material GUYANA • 2 &male;&male;, 2 &female;&female;; Monte Roraima [frontier between Brazil and Guyana]; 14 Mar. 1899; J.J. Quelch leg; BMNH 1899.3.14-23. VENEZUELA – Bolívar • 1 &female;; Monte Roraima; Parque Nacional Canaima, Trilha Chirimatá; [5°20′00″ N, 61°30′00″ W]; 15 Nov. 2001; M.O. Gonzaga leg.; IBSP 23131. Description Male (BMNH 1895.3.30.1) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown, darker in cephalic region (Fig. 13A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–III brown, darker at tarsi. The metatarsus and tarsus of leg IV are lost. Abdomen brown with dark dorsal spots (Fig. 13A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 11.3, carapace length 5.3, width 4.2. Clypeus height 0.175. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.22, PME 0.26, PLE 0.26; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.2, ALE–PLE 0.13. Chelicerae 1.95 long, with five promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 5.1 /patella 2.3/ tibia 5.2/ metatarsus 4.6 / tarsus 2.2/ total 19.4; II— 5.0/ 2.3/ 4.8 /4.3 / 1.6/ 18.0; III—4.2 /1.9 / 3.5/ 3.9/ 1.4/ 14.9; IV—5.3 / 2.1 /4.6 / 12.0. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1- 0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia r1-1-0. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis branching and prolateral tibial apophysis short; cymbium without retrolateral projection; embolus long; apophysis at the base of the embolus short with the apex curved; median apophysis slender and curved; ventral tegular process with hyaline area; projected subtegulum; sperm duct in vertical position with secondary looping reaching the apex of the tegulum (Fig. 13C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 5.6, epigastric furrow 0.89 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.75 from base of spinnerets. Female (BMNH 1899.3.14) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace brown, darker in cephalic region (Fig. 13B). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV brown, darker at tarsi. Abdomen gray with dorsal spots (Fig. 13B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 11.8, carapace length 5.3, width 3.9. Clypeus height 0.17. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.26, PME 0.25, PLE 0.25; AME–AME 0.38, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.22, ALE–PLE 0.12. Chelicerae 2.65 long, with four promarginal teeth and eight retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 4.95 /patella 2.3 /tibia 4.8 /metatarsus 4.1 / tarsus 0.0/ total 16.15; II— absent; III—absent; IV—4.5/ 2.1/ 4.7/ 6.1 /1.75 / 19.15. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p0-1-0, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; IV—tibia p1-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Anterior field, hood circular; lateral lobes sinuous, largest in the anterior region; atrium wide with depression in the median field. Internally, copulatory ducts large and coiled, covering the primary spermathecae; secondary spermathecae rounded and fertilization ducts long (Figs 13F–G, 32H). ABDOMEN. Length 6.5, epigastric furrow 1.17 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 3.25 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Venezuela (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404, {"references":["Pocock R. I. 1895. Description of two new species obtained by Messrs J. J. Quelch and F. Mc Connell on the summit of Mount Roraima, in Demerara, with a note upon the systematic position of the genus Desis. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 16 (6): 139 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680241","Pocock R. I. 1900. Myriapoda and Arachnida. In: Report on a Collection made by M. M. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2 (8): 64 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 00308. x","Bonnet P. 1955. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) [1 e partie: A-B]: 1 - 918. Douladoure, Toulouse.","Brescovit A. D. 1997. Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001"]}
Published: 2021
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24. Tafana kunturmarqa De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana kunturmarqa, Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana kunturmarqa sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DF812485-CC76-40AF-A647-C36685CAEB9F Figs 14, 32I, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana kunturmarqa sp. nov. resemble those of T. straminea and T. ruizi sp. nov. by having the retrolateral tibial apophysis conical, but differs by having the embolus short and the apophysis at the base of the embolus larger (Fig. 14C–E). Females resemble those of T. straminea and T. ruizi sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate with atrial septum, but differ by having the secondary spermathecae above the primary spermathecae, rounded, and fertilization ducts smaller than primary spermathecae (Figs 14F–G, 32I). Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a tribute to the Pre-Colombian language ‘Quechua’, originated in the central Andes. The meaning of the expression ‘Kuntur marqa’ in this language is ‘Condor’s nest’. Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • 1 &male;; Cundinamarca Departament, La Calera; [4°43′11″ N, 73°58′12″ W]; 30 Jun. 1978; C. Hernandez leg.; ICN-Ar. Paratype COLOMBIA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; ICN-Ar. Other material COLOMBIA – Boyacá • 1 &female;; Santa Maria; [4°51′36″ N, 73°15′46″ W]; 9 Jun. 2000; G. Amaty leg.; IBSP 258327. Description Male (holotype, ICN-Ar) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange, darker in cephalic region (Fig. 14A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with dark longitudinal spots (Fig. 14A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 8.1, carapace length 3.6, width 2.6. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.08, PME– PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.2, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 1.8 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.6 / patella 1.4/ tibia 2.53 / metatarsus 2.1 /tarsus 1.0 /total 9.63; II— 2.5/ 1.1/ 2.2 /2.0 / 0.9/ 8.7; III—1.9 / 1.0/ 1.2/ 1.6/ 0.6/ 6.3; IV—2.5/ 1.22 / 2.3/ 2.6/ 0.7/ 9.32. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0; III—tibia p0-0-1, r0-0-1, metatarsus v2- 0-2, p0-0-1; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis conical with apex lightly curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; short embolus; ventral tegular process near the median apophysis; sperm duct in vertical position with secondary loop reaching the apex of the tegulum; median apophysis long and curved at the apex (Fig. 14C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 4.2, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.8 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, ICN-Ar) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species (Fig. 14B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.8, carapace length 3.4, width 2.9. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.06, PME– PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 2.1 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 3.2/ patella 1.5/ tibia 3.42 /metatarsus 3.1 / tarsus 1.2/ total 12.42; II— 3.0/ 1.5/ 3.0 /2.8 / 1.1/ 11.4; III—2.2/ 1.1 /1.5 / 1.9/ 0.6/ 7.3; IV—3.0 /1.22 / 2.61 / 3.1/ 0.8 /10.73. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-1-1; III—tibia v1-2-2, metatarsus v2-0-2; IV—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-0, r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular and sclerotized; epigynal plate posterior region covered by cuticle; atrial septum present; lateral lobes sinuous. Internally, copulatory ducts narrow; primary spermathecae oval and large; secondary spermathecae rounded and large, with short fertilization ducts (Figs 14F–G, 32I). ABDOMEN. Length 4.3, epigastric furrow 0.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.8 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Colombia (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 23-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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25. Tafana Simon 1903

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Genus Tafana Simon, 1903 Tafana Simon, 1903:124 (type species by original designation: T. riveti Simon, 1903: 124). Tafana – Petrunkevitch 1911: 514; 1928: 174. — Roewer 1954: 546. — Bonnet 1959: 4232. — Brescovit 1997: 80, 90, figs 225–238. Diagnosis Males of species of the genus Tafana resemble those of the genera Aljassa Brescovit, 1997, Aysha Keyserling, 1891, Hibana Brescovit, 1991, Hatitia Brescovit, 1997, Osoriella Mello-Leitão, 1922, Pippuhana Brescovit, 1997, Temnida Simon, 1896, Umuara Brescovit, 1997 and Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 by having an embolic process in the internal male palp (see Brescovit 1997: 176–187, figs 221, 247, 265, 272, 280), an apophysis at the base of the embolus (see Oliveira & Brescovit 2015a: 209, fig. 5a–b) and further resemble Umuara by having a ventral tegular process near the median apophysis in the male palp (see Oliveira & Brescovit 2015b: 438, figs 2a–b), but differ by the presence of a conical or coiled laminar apophysis at the base of the embolus (Figs 9C–F, 12B, C, 23B, 26A–B). The females resemble those of Anyphaena, Patrera Simon, 1903, Iguarima Brescovit, 1997, Umuara and Pippuhana (see Brescovit 1997: 139–187), by having a hood on the anterior fold of the epigynum, but differ by having the posterior extension forming the lateral lobes (Figs 7D, 10F, 22F, 32E–F, 33D–E), lateral lobes sinuous (Figs 17F, 19F) and posterior region of the epigynum covered by cuticle (Figs 10F, 17F, 21F). Description Body from pale white to orange and reddish brown (Figs 10A, 11A, 22A). Legs orange or pale and darker at tarsi (Figs 22B, 25A). Carapace sub-rectangular, narrow in anterior region, and enlarged near coxae I–III, cephalic region high, highest behind the posterior eye row (Figs 8A, 10A). Eyes, in dorsal view, anterior row slightly recurved and posterior row procurved (Figs 8A, 10B). Chelicerae robust and projected, with vertical length approximately half the length of the carapace, basal condyle conspicuous (Fig. 11A–B), with 3–5 promarginal teeth and 4–7 retromarginal (Fig. 8B). Two rows of trichobothria with striated base in dorsal view on the metatarsus and tarsus I–IV (Fig. 8J). Tarsal organ with teardrop shape on the distal region of tarsus and male palp (Figs 8I, 20D), slit sensilla elongated on the tarsus (Fig. 8K). Paired tarsal claws with 8–14 teeth (Fig. 8G–H). Male palp: patellar apophysis short and rounded (Figs 10D, 16D–E, 24D); distal prolateral tibial apophysis short (Fig. 13C, E); retrolateral tibial apophysis with large base and conical apex (Fig. 22D–E), usually exhibiting anterior branches and posterior branches (Fig. 13C–D) or only one branch (Figs 10D, 11D, 24D–E); median tibial apophysis branched (Fig. 29D–E) or unique (Fig. 30D–E); cymbium oval with retrolateral projection (Figs 9A–B, 10C, 12A, 22C, 26A, C), with small furrow under this projection, to accommodate the retrolateral tibial apophysis, or without (Figs 29C, 30C); chemosensory setae on the cymbium (Fig. 20D); subtriangular and ypsiloid petiole (Fig. 9C–D, F); subtegulum with 5–6 semicircular rings, short and exposed distal projection on the prolateral side on the palp when not expanded (Fig. 9D–E); tegulum with ventral tegular process narrow near the median apophysis (Figs 9B, 10C, 12B–C, 18B) and bordering the apex of the tegulum (Figs 9A, 22C, 26A–B, 28C); sclerotized median apophysis long, sharp and with a curved apex (Figs 18B, 20B, 23C); embolic process conical, sclerotized, covered by the tegulum, inserted at the base of the embolus (Fig. 9C–F); sperm duct presenting four or five loops in palp expanded (Fig. 9C–F) and in palp not expanded three loops in ventral view (Fig. 9A–B), internally traversing the embolic process reaching the embolus (Fig. 9E); embolus long (Figs 9D, 22C, 24C) or short (Figs 10C, 15C, 17C), filiform helical and curved retro-apically, connected to the embolic process (Figs 9D–E, 15C, 22C); apophysis at the base of the embolus, conical (Figs 9B, E, 10C, 12C, 18A–B) or laminar (Figs 23B, 24C, 26A–B). Oval abdomen, tracheal spiracle curved in the middle of the abdomen in ventral view (Figs 7B, 8L); anterior spinnerets bisegmented, with basal article large and distal article circular, with several spigots of piriform gland and one spigot of the ampullate gland (Fig. 8C–D); median spinnerets unsegmented, with several spigots of the aciniform gland and not presenting spigots of the cylindrical gland (Fig. 8C, E); posterior spinnerets bisegmented with basal and distal article cylindrical, one third longer than the others, with several spigots of the aciniform gland and one spigot of the ampullate gland without spigots of the cylindrical gland (Fig. 8C, F); colulus substituted by 8–10 setae (Fig. 8C). Epigynum with sinuous lateral lobes, lobe parallel in the posterior region (Figs 10F, 22F); hood approximately triangular (Figs 10F, 16F, 25F, 27F), semicircular (Figs 11F, 14F, 32D) or circular (Figs 15F, 17F, 30F, 32J, 33G– H) in the anterior region; posterior region with cuticle covered the lateral lobes (Figs10F, 11F, 17F, 21F, 27F) or without (Figs 13F, 15F, 16F, 28F); atrium with septum in the anterior region (Figs 11F, 14F, 21F) or without (Figs 13F, 15F, 22F, 25F); copulatory ducts sinuous (Figs 10G, 11G, 19G, 32F–I) or coiled (Figs 13G, 16G, 32H, K), running along margin of the lateral lobes, reaching the spermathecae, visible through transparency; secondary spermathecae rounded (Figs 10G, 11G, 14G, 32F–G, I, 33B–C) but may be irregular or inconspicuous (Figs 13G, 28G, 29G, 32H, 33F–G); secondary spermathecae short, near the primary spermathecae (Figs 15G, 17G, 22G, 26D, 32F, J, L), wide (Figs 11G, 13G, 14G, 32G, I) or in the middle of the copulatory ducts (Figs 16G, 21G, 29G, 32K, 33G); primary spermathecae oval, positioned together (Figs 10G, 15G, 20E, 22G, 26D, 32F–G) or separated from each other by almost a third of their diameter (Figs 13G, 28G, 29G, 33F–H); fertilization ducts near the epigastric furrow, originating from base of spermathecae (Figs 10G, 11G, 20E, 22G, 26D, 29G, 32F–L, 33A–H)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404, {"references":["Simon E. 1903. Descriptions d'Arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 47: 21 - 39.","Petrunkevitch A. 1911. A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 1 - 791.","Petrunkevitch A. 1928. Systema Aranearum. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 29: 1 - 270.","Roewer C. F. 1954. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Vol. 2: 1 - 923. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels.","Bonnet P. 1959. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (5 e partie: T-Z): 4231 - 5058. Douladoure, Toulouse.","Brescovit A. D. 1997. Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001","Oliveira L. F. M. & Brescovit A. D. 2015 a. A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spider genus Xiruana Brescovit 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae). Zootaxa 3980 (2): 201 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3980.2.3","Oliveira L. F. M. & Brescovit A. D. 2015 b. Two new species of the Neotropical spider genus Umuara Brescovit (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 3980 (3): 435 - 441. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3980.3.7"]}
Published: 2021
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26. Tafana nevada De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana nevada, Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana nevada sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ABEBEE44-6E38-47E3-A0BA-7C343EB73C9B Figs 17–18, 32L, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana nevada sp. nov. resemble those of T. riveti and T. humahuaca sp. nov. by having the short embolus, but differ from the others by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus long and curved (Figs 17C–D, 18A–C). Females resemble those of T. humahuaca sp. nov. by having the epigynal plate with parallel lateral lobes, but differ by having a large atrium in the anterior region and a hyaline membrane in the posterior region (Figs 17F–G, 33L). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from type locality, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • 1 &male;; Sierra Nueva Granada, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 9 Apr. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; AMNH. Paratype COLOMBIA • 1 &female;; San Pedro, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 26 Feb. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; AMNH. Other material COLOMBIA – Magdalena Departament • 1 &female;; Santa Marta, San Pedro, Carmelo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 26 Feb. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &male;; Santa Marta, SE of the Cerro, Yosagaca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 30 Dec. 1973; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &male;; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serra Nueva Granada; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 9 Apr. 1975; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBNP • 1 &female;; Santa Marta, San Pedro, Carmelo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 7 Feb. 1974; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBSP 209872 • 1 &male;; Santa Marta, Serra Nueva Granada; [10°52′00″ N, 73°43′12″ W]; 20 Feb. 1974; J.A. Kochalka leg.; IBSP 209873. – Cordillera Oriental • 2 &female;&female;; Scorpa Mission, Serra del Perijá; [10°00′59″ N, 72°57′28″ W]; 10–22 Aug. 1968; B. Malkin leg.; AMNH. – Cundinamarca • 1 &female;; Sasaima, Finca Bella Vista; [4°57′54″ N, 74°26′05″ W]; 16 Mar. 1965; P.R. Craig leg.; CAS. VENEZUELA – Aragua • 1 &female;; Rancho Grande; [10°38′30″ N, 68°00′31″ W]; 4 Mar. 1959; A.M. Nadler leg.; AMNH. – Monagas • 1 &female;; Caripe, Cueva del Guácharo; [10°10′09″ N, 63°30′36″ W]; 20–30 Jul. 1987; S. and J. Peck leg.; AMNH. Description Male (holotype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 17A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with dark spots (Fig. 17A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.6, carapace length 2.6, width 2.2. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 1.1 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.5 / patella 1.0/ tibia 2.53 / metatarsus 2.2 /tarsus 0.9 /total 9.13; II— 2.3/ 1.0/ 2.2 /2.0 / 0.8/ 8.3; III—1.8 / 0.62 / 1.9/ 1.2/ 0.6/ 6.12; IV—2.4/ 0.9 /2.0 / 2.6/ 0.62 / 8.52. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-2-0, p0-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis conical and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus long and curved; embolus extremely short; ventral tegular process near the median apophysis; median apophysis slender and curved; subtegulum not projected; sperm duct with secondary looping reaching the apex of the tegulum (Figs 17C–D, 18A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 3.0, epigastric furrow 0.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 17B). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellowish gray with dark spots (Fig. 17B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.9, carapace length 2.6, width 2.0. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.2 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.88 / patella 1.0/ tibia 1.2 /metatarsus 1.1 /tarsus 0.7/ total 5.88; II— 1.7/ 0.9/ 1.4 /1.2 / 0.6/ 5.8; III—1.1 / 0.6/ 0.9/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 4.1; IV—1.2/ 0.8/ 1.2/ 2.1 /0.6 / 5.9. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-0-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood semicircular and sclerotized; broad atrium; lateral lobes covering copulatory ducts; posterior region covered by cuticle. Internally, copulatory ducts short; primary spermathecae large and oval; secondary spermathecae above the primary spermathecae and rounded; long fertilization ducts in horizontal position (Figs 17F–G, 33L). ABDOMEN. Length 3.3, epigastric furrow 0.45 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Variation Two males: total length 4.2–4.9; carapace 1.9–1.9; femur I 1.7–1.9. Ten females: total length 4.3–6.7; carapace 1.6–2.4; femur I 1.3–1.9. Distribution Venezuela and Colombia (Fig. 35).
Published: 2021
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27. Aysha prospera Keyserling 1891

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Aysha, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Aysha prospera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Aysha prospera Keyserling, 1891 BRAZIL • 1 &male;; São Paulo, Cotia; [23°36′14″ S, 46°55′08″ W]; 7 Sep. 1983; A. Felix leg.; IBSP 19780 • 1 &female;; Embú das Artes; [23°38′56″ S, 46°51′07″ W]; 13 Oct. 1990; [without name of collector]; IBSP 19783., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on page 68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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28. Tafana silhavyi MNHN

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Tafana silhavyi, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana silhavyi (Caporiacco, 1955) Figs 6E, 8A–B, G–K, 9A, C–D, 22–23, 33C, 34 Anyphaena silhavyi Caporiacco, 1955: 386, fig. 51a–b (type: male holotype from El Junquito, Venezuela, deposited in MUCV, examined). Tafana silhavyi – Brescovit 1997: 90. Diagnosis Males of Tafana silhavyi resemble those of T. chimirae sp. nov., T. maracay sp. nov., T. arawak sp. nov. and T. pittieri sp. nov. by having the laminar apophysis at the base of the embolus, but differ by presenting a secondary looping with wide curvature (Figs 9A, 22C). Females resemble those of T. maracay sp. nov. and T. arawak sp. nov. by having the wide atrium, but differ by having the copulatory ducts extremely large in the anterior region (Figs 22F–G, 33C). Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • &male;; Federal District, El Junquito; [10°28′0″ N, 67°5′00″ W]; Marcuzzi leg.; MUCV 741. Other material VENEZUELA – Aragua • 2 &male;&male;, 10 &female;&female;; Colonia Tovar; [10°24′20″ N, 67°17′22″ W]; no date; E. Simon leg.; MNHN 11312 • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 258184. Description Male (MNHN 11312) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with cephalic region dark (Fig. 22A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen gray with dark spots (Fig. 22A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.2, carapace length 1.73, width 1.1. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 0.9 long, with four promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.9 /patella 0.7/ tibia 2.1/ metatarsus 1.8/ tarsus 0.7 /total 7.2; II— 1.7/ 0.7/ 1.13 / 1.49 / 0.65 / 5.67; III—1.3 /0.5 / 0.9/ 1.1/ 0.4/ 4.2; IV—1.9 / 0.7/ 1.5/ 1.9/ 0.5/ 6.5. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; projection at the base of the embolus laminar and coiled; embolus long, with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process hyaline and short; sperm duct an inverted ‘S-shape’ (Figs 22C–E, 23A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 2.4, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.2 from base of spinnerets. Female (MNHN 11312) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species (Fig. 22B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.4, carapace length 1.45, width 1.3. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 0.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.3 /patella 0.6/ tibia 1.3/ metatarsus 1.1/ tarsus 0.5 /total 4.8; II— 1.2/ 0.6/ 1.13 / 1.0/ 0.5 /4.43; III—1.0/ 0.4/ 0.7 /0.9 /0.4 / 3.4; IV—1.4/ 0.5 /1.1 / 1.3/ 0.48 / 4.78. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1- 1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2. EPIGYNUM. Hood triangular and sclerotized, connecting with lateral lobes; atrium large; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes sinuous. Internally, copulatory ducts large in the anterior region; primary spermathecae oval; secondary spermathecae small, above the primary spermathecae; fertilization ducts long (Figs 22F–G, 33C). ABDOMEN. Length 2.9, epigastric furrow 0.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Variation Two males: total length 4.1–4.4; carapace 1.83–1.9; femur I 1.7–1.9. Ten females: total length 4.0–6.2; carapace 1.6–2.3; femur I 1.3–1.9. Distribution Venezuela (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404, {"references":["Caporiacco L. Di. 1955. Estudios sobre los aracnidos de Venezuela 2 a parte: Araneae. Acta biologica Venezuelica 1 (16): 245 - 448.","Brescovit A. D. 1997. Revisao de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000500001"]}
Published: 2021
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29. Patrera fulvastra Simon 1903

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Patrera fulvastra, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera fulvastra Simon, 1903 COLOMBIA • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Cundinamarca, Ricaurte, Nariño, Reserva Natural La Planada; [4°16′45″ N, 74°46′22″ W]; 14 Mar. 1992; C. Valderrama leg.; MCN 24208., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on page 68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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30. Tafana oliviae De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Tafana oliviae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana oliviae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A7E716C9-A0F8-4F4E-A451-E6D94A3E82CD Figs 29, 33G, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana oliviae sp. nov. differ from those of the other species in the silhavyi group by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus finger-shaped, retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid with anterior branch short and flattened, posterior branch triangular and median tibial apophysis bifid in dorsal position on the tibia (Fig. 29C–E). Females differ by having the epigynal plate with lateral lobes extremely projected to the sides and by having the small primary spermathecae (Figs 29F–G, 33G). Etymology The specific name is a matronymic in memory of Olivia de Moura Oliveira, the first author’s mother. Material examined Holotype ARGENTINA • 1 &male;; Misiones, Santa María; [27°56′04″ S, 55°24′25″ W]; Nov–Dec. 1913; M.J. Viana leg.; MACN-Ar 3565. Paratype ARGENTINA • 1 &female;; Misiones, Cataratas del Iguazú, near the Puerto Iguazú; [25°41′43″ S, 54°26′12″ W]; Nov. 1970; M.E. Galiano leg.; MCZ. Remark The male and female were matched by their close localities in Misiones, Argentina. Despite the different colorations of the male and female, the morphology of the genitalia suggests that both exemplars belong to Tafana oliviae sp. nov. Description Male (holotype, MACN-Ar 3565) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange, darker in cephalic region (Fig. 29A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow. Abdomen yellow with lateral dark spots and a yellow spot in the middle (Fig. 29A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.9, carapace length 1.7, width 1.4. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.06; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 1.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and six retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.1 /patella 0.7/ tibia 2.5/ metatarsus 2.2/ tarsus 1.1 /total 8.6; II— 1.6/ 0.5/ 1.7 /1.5 / 0.7/ 6.0; III—1.3 / 0.6/ 0.9/ 1.2/ 0.4/ 4.4; IV—2.0 / 0.6/ 1.3/ 2.1 /0.6 / 6.6. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-1; II—tibia v1-2-0; III—tibia v1-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2, r1-0-1; IV—tibia v0-1-1, p1-1-1, r1-1-0. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid; cymbium without retrolateral projection; embolus short and bifurcate at the apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; sperm duct with secondary looping reaching the apex of the tegulum (Fig. 29C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 2.1, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, MCZ) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species except for legs yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellow (Fig. 29B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.7, carapace length 2.7, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.08, PME– PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.0 /patella 0.9/ tibia 1.8/ metatarsus 1.4/ tarsus 0.8 /total 6.9; II— 1.9/ 0.9/ 1.1 /1.3 / 0.63 /5.83; III—1.5/ 0.72 / 1.1/ 1.23 / 0.5/ 5.05; IV—2.25/ 0.8/ 1.72 / 2.1/ 0.7/ 7.57. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-0; III—tibia v1-1-2, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia v1-1-2, p1-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Hood semicircular and thick; lateral lobes curved in anterior region; wide atrium; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region. Internally, copulatory ducts long and narrow; secondary spermathecae in the anterior region of the copulatory ducts; primary spermathecae small and fertilization ducts longer than primary spermathecae (Figs 29F–G, 33G). ABDOMEN. Length 2.9, epigastric furrow 0.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.4 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Misiones, Argentina (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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31. Tafana orinoco De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana orinoco, Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana orinoco sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 34463201-9F72-43FF-886B-A9EFCE74C526 Figs 30–31, 33H, 34 Diagnosis Males of Tafana orinoco sp. nov. resemble those of T. pastaza sp. nov. by having the shape of the apophysis at the base of the embolus bifid, but differ by the primary apophysis conical and curved in the apex and secondary apophysis furrowed, median tibial apophysis short and triangular in retrolateral position (Figs 30C–E, 31A–C). Females differ from those of the other species in the silhavyi group by having quadrangular atrium and copulatory ducts extremely large and short in anterior region of the vulva (Figs 30G, 33H). Etymology The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a tribute to ‘River Orinoco’, one of the most important rivers of the South American continent. Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • 1&male;; Mawaca, Federal Territory of Amazonas; 84 km SE of La Esmeralda; [3°10′22.73″ N, 65°32′32.39″ W]; 5 Mar. 1985; J. Latke and R. Candia leg.; MIZA 07062. Paratype VENEZUELA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; MIZA 07062. Other material VENEZUELA – Amazonas Division • 1 &male;; Federal Territory of Amazonas, Cerro de La Neblina; [00°53′11″ N, 65°59′22″ W]; 12 Feb. 1985; W.E. Steiner leg.; USNM • 1 &male;, 1 &female;; Mawaca, Central, Federal Territory of Amazonas; [3°10′22.73″ N, 65°32′32.39″ W]; 5 Mar. 1985; J. Latke and R. Candia leg.; MIZA 07062. Description Male (holotype, MIZA 07062) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 30A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV reddish with spots on the articles. Abdomen with dark spots (Fig. 30A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.9, carapace length 3.7, width 3.0. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.1, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 1.5 long, with four promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 4.0 /patella 1.6/ tibia 4.2/ metatarsus 3.9 / tarsus 1.9/ total 15.6; II— 3.9/ 1.59 / 3.8/ 3.6/ 1.5 /14.39; III—3.2 / 1.4/ 2.5/ 3.1/ 1.09 / 11.29; IV—4.1 / 1.5/ 3.6/ 4.5/ 1.3 /15.0. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short and curved; cymbium without retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus bifid with secondary apophysis furrowed; embolus short; median apophysis long and curved apically; sperm duct with secondary looping not reaching the apex of the tegulum; subtegulum strongly projected; ventral tegular process inconspicuous (Figs 30C–E, 31A–C). ABDOMEN. Length 4.1, epigastric furrow 1.0 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.0 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, MIZA 07062) COLOR. Coloration as in males of this species (Fig. 30B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.5, carapace 3.4, width 2.6. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 3.1/ patella 1.4/ tibia 3.22 / metatarsus 2.9 /tarsus 1.1/ total 11.72; II— 3.1/ 1.2/ 3.0 /2.72 / 1.1 /11.12; III—2.1 / 1.1/ 1.6/ 2.2/ 0.73 / 7.73; IV—3.3/ 1.24 / 2.9/ 3.3/ 0.84 / 11.58. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Hood narrow and rounded, connected to the lateral lobes; wide atrium; epigynal plate not covered by hyaline cuticle in the posterior region; sinuous and narrow lateral lobes. Internally, copulatory ducts large and short; secondary spermathecae above the primary spermathecae; primary spermathecae separated; fertilization ducts long, superimposed on the primary spermathecae (Figs 30F–G, 33H). ABDOMEN. Length 4.0, epigastric furrow 0.5 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.1 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Venezuela (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 54-61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404, {"references":["Simon E. 1903. Descriptions d'Arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 47: 21 - 39.","Koch L. 1866. Die Arachniden - Familie der Drassiden. Parts 1 - 6: 1 - 304.","Pocock R. I. 1895. Description of two new species obtained by Messrs J. J. Quelch and F. Mc Connell on the summit of Mount Roraima, in Demerara, with a note upon the systematic position of the genus Desis. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 16 (6): 139 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680241","Caporiacco L. Di. 1955. Estudios sobre los aracnidos de Venezuela 2 a parte: Araneae. Acta biologica Venezuelica 1 (16): 245 - 448."]}
Published: 2021
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32. Tafana pittieri De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Tafana pittieri, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana pittieri sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5763F405-387A-4B81-B2A2-D2A309390260 Figs 28, 33F, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana pittieri sp. nov. resemble those of the silhavyi group by having the secondary looping in the middle in the tegulum, but differ from them by having the large laminar, ring-shaped apophysis at the base of the embolus and retrolateral tibial apophysis short and truncated (Fig. 28C–E). Females differ from the other species by having the lateral lobes wing-shaped in the median region, covering part of the atrium, and secondary spermathecae with slender shape (Fig. 28F–G, 33F). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of Henri Pittier, a botanist, geographer and ethnologist who devoted himself to the study of the flora and fauna in the National Park Henri Pittier, where the specimen was collected. In the year of 1953 the park (until then called Rancho Grande) was renamed in honor of H. Pittier. Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • 1 &male;; Aragua, Rancho Grande, current National Park Henri Pittier; [10°20′58″ N, 67°41′08″ W]; 8–15 Apr. 1945; M. Beebe et. al. leg.; AMNH. Paratype VENEZUELA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; AMNH. Description Male (holotype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with cephalic region dark (Fig. 28A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darkest at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with spots in dorsal view (Fig. 28A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.3, carapace length 2.8, width 2.21. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.1, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.1, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 3.0/ patella 1.1/ tibia 3.5/ metatarsus 3.12 /tarsus 1.2/ total 11.92; II— 2.7/ 1.1/ 2.4 /2.8 / 0.93 /9.93; III—1.98 / 0.8/ 1.53 / 2.0/ 0.6/ 6.91; IV—2.7/ 0.9 /2.5 / 3.1/ 0.7/ 9.9. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III—tibia p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Cymbium with large retrolateral projection, embolus long with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process short and hyaline; tegulum without basal protuberance; sperm duct with secondary looping in horizontal position; median apophysis laminar, long and curved at the apex (Fig. 28C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 3.4, epigastric furrow 0.5 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.9 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Coloration as in males of this species, except for chelicerae reddish brown (Fig. 28B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.4, carapace length 2.2, width 1.8. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME– PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 2.2 long, with four promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.9 /patella 0.8/ tibia 1.8/ metatarsus 1.6/ tarsus 0.8 /total 6.9; II— 1.5/ 0.6/ 1.05 / 1.4/ 0.6 /5.15; III—1.2/ 0.5/ 0.7 /1.1 /0.4 / 3.9; IV—1.7/ 0.7 /1.6 / 2.0/ 0.52 / 6.52. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p0-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-0-1; III—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia v1-2-2, p1-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Triangular hood with sclerotized border; atrium short; epigynal plate not covered by cuticle, covered in the posterior region; lateral lobes sinuous with wing form in the median region. Internally, copulatory ducts short and curved; primary spermathecae oval and separated; secondary spermathecae small in the posterior region of the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts longer than primary spermathecae (Figs 28F–G, 33F). ABDOMEN. Length 3.2, epigastric furrow 0.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Aragua, Venezuela (Fig. 33)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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33. Tafana ruizi De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Tafana ruizi, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana ruizi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DAF38D70-D874-40E0-9C78-A041F4B36B88 Figs 21, 33B, 34 Diagnosis Males of Tafana ruizi sp. nov. resemble those of T. straminea and T. kunturmarqa sp. nov. by having the base of the embolus large and inclined, but differ by having the ventral tegular process large and apex of tegulum not rounded (Fig. 21C). Females resemble those of T. straminea and T. kunturmarqa sp. nov. by having the atrial septum, but differ by having the wide atrium, showing the copulation openings and hood long and circular (Figs 21F–G, 33B). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of the Cuban arachnologist Alexandre Sánchez-Ruiz for his contributions to the taxonomy of spiders. Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • 1 &male;; Departamento de Caldas, Pensilvania; [5°23′02″ N, 75°09′40″ W]; 10 Oct. 2003; A. Sánchez-Ruiz leg.; IBSP 258183. Paratype COLOMBIA • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 258183. Description Male (holotype, IBSP 258183) COLOR. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 21A). Labium, sternum and endites yellow. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow with spots, darker at tarsi. Abdomen dark with spots yellow in dorsal view (Fig. 21A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.9, carapace length 3.2, width 2.5. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.1, PME– PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 2.0 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.7 /patella 1.2/ tibia 2.7/ metatarsus 2.3 / tarsus 1.1/ total 10.0; II— 2.5/ 1.1/ 2.5 /2.0 / 1.0/ 9.1; III—2.0 / 0.9/ 1.4/ 1.7/ 0.6/ 6.6; IV—2.4 / 1.1/ 2.3/ 2.7 /0.8 / 9.3. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-2-1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-2-1; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia v1-2-2, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-2. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis long and curved; cymbium with retrolateral projection; apophysis at the base of the embolus short and furrowed; embolus long; ventral tegular process wide and near the median apophysis; sperm duct with the secondary looping almost reaching apex of tegulum (Fig. 21C– E). ABDOMEN. Length 3.6, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.1 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, IBSP 258183) COLOR. Coloration as in males of this species, except for the reddish carapace and chelicerae reddish brown and robust (Fig. 21B). Abdomen gray with spots in dorsal view (Fig. 21B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.4, carapace length 3.0, width 2.4. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.2 long, with five promarginal teeth and six retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 2.1 /patella 1.1/ tibia 1.9/ metatarsus 1.5/ tarsus 0.8 /total 7.4; II— 2.0/ 1.1/ 1.8 /1.5 / 0.8/ 7.2; III—1.52 /0.9 / 1.1/ 1.4/ 0.5/ 5.42; IV—2.0 / 1.0 /2.0 / 2.2/ 0.6/ 7.8. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; III—metatarsus v2-0-2, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; IV—tibia r0- 1-0, metatarsus v2-0-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular; atrial septum present; epigynal plate covered by cuticle in the posterior region; lateral lobes extremely curved in anterior region. Internally, copulatory ducts sinuous and laminar; primary spermathecae large and oval; secondary spermathecae short and rounded in the anterior region on the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts long over the primary spermathecae (Figs 21F–G, 33B). ABDOMEN. Length 4.1, epigastric furrow 0.98 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.9 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Colombia (Fig. 34)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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34. Tafana pastaza De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana pastaza, Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana pastaza sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 89787AA8-5ECB-4826-BA94-616D473519D5 Figs 8L, 16, 32K, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana pastaza sp. nov. differ from those of the other species of this genus by having the apophysis at the base of the embolus bifid, primary apophysis ‘S-shaped’ and secondary apophysis large, retrolateral projection of the cymbium keel-shaped (Fig. 16C–E). Females differ from the others by presenting internal copulatory ducts long and sinuous, with a globose extension proximally of the copulatory ducts (Figs 16F–G, 32K). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Pastaza Valley. Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • 1 &male;; Tungurahua Province, Pastaza Valley, between Baños and Mera; [01°04′00″ N, 78°00′24″ W]; 1 Mar. 1949; W.C. Macintyre leg.; AMNH. Paratype ECUADOR • 1 &female;; same collection data as for holotype; AMNH. Remark The male specimen is in very bad shape, having lost the chelicerae and almost all the legs, and with the abdomen partially deteriorated (Fig. 16A). Description Male (holotype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar discolored. Carapace reddish brown (16A). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Legs reddish, only right femur IV and left femur III intact. Abdomen discolored (Fig. 16A). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 8.5, carapace length 3.3, width 2.9. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME– PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.20, ALE–PLE 0.06. LEG MEASUREMENTS. III—femur 3.2; IV—femur 4.38. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis conical and curved, apical protuberance on the tibia in retrolateral view; cymbium with retrolateral projection keel-shaped; embolus long; subtegulum prolateral projected; ventral tegular process not present; sperm duct secondary loop reaching apex of the tegulum; median apophysis thick and curved at the apex (Fig. 16C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 5.0, epigastric furrow 1.1 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 3.2 from base of spinnerets. Female (paratype, AMNH) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace reddish brown (Fig. 16B). Labium, sternum and endites reddish brown. Chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellowish gray with dark spots (Fig. 16B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 9.3, carapace length 3.8, width 3.2. Clypeus height 0.12. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.18, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.04, PME– PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.18, ALE–PLE 0.08. Chelicerae 1.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 4.4 /patella 1.7/ tibia 4.7/ metatarsus 3.6/ tarsus 1.8 /total 16.2; II— 4.5/ 1.7/ 4.5 /3.4 / 1.7/ 15.8; III—3.3 /1.4 / 2.5/ 3.1/ 1.3/ 11.6; IV—3.9/ 1.4/ 3.3 /4.0 / 1.4/ 14.0. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular; atrium small; epigynal plate without posterior region covered with sclerotized cuticle; lateral lobes chalice-shaped. Internally, copulatory ducts long and narrow; primary spermathecae oval; secondary spermatechae in the middle of the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts long, two times the length of primary spermathecae (Figs 16F–G, 32K). ABDOMEN. Length 5.3, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.0 from base of spinnerets. Distribution Known only from Pastaza Valley, Ecuador (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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35. Tafana chimire De Oliveira & Brescovit 2021, sp. nov

Author: De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
Subjects: Tafana, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Tafana chimire, Taxonomy
Abstract: Tafana chimire sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E82DBA67-4582-40CE-878D-AB3F2B6C4351 Figs 24, 35 Diagnosis Males of Tafana chimire sp. nov. resemble other males of the silhavyi group by the laminar base of the apophysis of the embolus, but differ from them by the base of the retrolateral tibial apophysis with a hook shape apically and the presence of a large basal prominent protuberance on the tegulum (Fig. 24C–E). Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the name of the type locality, Chimire. Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA • 1 &male;; Chimire; [9°11′49.2″ N, 66°00′32.4″ W]; Jun. 1975; Martinez leg.; MACN-Ar. Description Male (holotype, MACN-Ar) COLOR. Exemplar probably discolored. Carapace orange with spots on the extremities (Fig. 24A). Labium, sternum and endites orange. Chelicerae reddish. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen yellow with dark spots (Fig. 24A–B). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.8, carapace length 1.8, width 1.5. Clypeus height 0.04. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.6 long, with four promarginal teeth and six retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 1.1 /patella 0.5/ tibia 1.3/ metatarsus 1.1/ tarsus 0.5 /total 4.5; II— 0.9/ 0.5/ 1.2 /1.0 / 0.5/ 4.1; III—0.75 /0.4 / 0.72 /0.8 /0.0 / 2.67; IV—1.3/ 0.5/ 1.1/ 1.4 /0.4 / 4.7. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia p1-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis short; cymbium with basal retrolateral projection small; apophysis at the base of the embolus laminar and coiled; embolus long with large base and narrow apex; median apophysis long and curved apically; ventral tegular process hyaline apically in the bulb; sperm duct with secondary looping horizontal position (Fig. 24C–E). ABDOMEN. Length 1.8, epigastric furrow 0.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 0.8 from base of spinnerets. Female Unknown. Distribution Known only from Chimire, Venezuela (Fig. 35)., Published as part of De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2021, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species, pp. 1-77 in European Journal of Taxonomy 742 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291, http://zenodo.org/record/4655404
Published: 2021
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36. Patrera perijaensis Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Patrera perijaensis, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera perijaensis new species Figures 17A–C; 32 Type material. Female holotype from Sabana Rubia, (10°22′8.6″N; 72°52′33.6″W), 3200–3400m, Serranía del Perijá, Cesar, Colombia, 16-20-XII.2016, E. Villarreal, L. Martínez & C. Pinzón leg. (ICN-Ar-10632). Etymology. The specific epithet is referring to an Andean formation and type locality called “Serranía del Perijá”. It is the most northern branch of the Andean mountains. Diagnosis. Females of Patrera perijaensis n. sp., resemble those of P. florezi n. sp. and P. wiwa n. sp., by having the similar shape of hood and n-shaped copulatory ducts (Figs 16 F–G, 21F–G), but can be diagnosed by having very large and subrounded hood (thinner in P. florezi), wide copulatory ducts, and larger spermathecae (thinner and smaller respectively in P. florezi) (Fig. 17 B–C). Description. Female (Holotype, ICN-Ar-10632). Carapace yellow, darker in the ocular region (Fig. 17A). Chelicerae yellow. Labium pale brown and endites yellow. Sternum yellow. Legs yellow, with some gray patches on all segments. Abdomen yellow with some dark gray patches distribuites on all dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 17A). Spinnerets yellow. Total length 6.66, carapace length 3.12, width 2.47, high 1.17. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.17, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.27, AME–ALE 0.3, PME–PME 0.46, PME–PLE 0.38, ALE–PLE 0.43. Chelicerae 1.2 long; six promarginal teeth; four retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.89/ patella 1.39/ tibia 3.19/ metatarsus 2.37/ tarsus 1.48/ total 11.32; II—2.83/ 1.30/ 2.85/ 2.23/ 1.35/ 10.56; III—2.23/ 1.04/ 1.9/ 1.88/ 0.96/ 8.01; IV—3.17/ 1.18/ 2.95/ 3.1/ 1.14/ 11.54. Leg spination: I—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia d1-0-0 p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-0, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 3.37, epigastric furrow 0.77 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.37 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood large; lateral borders sclerotized, thin, and parallel; atrium cylindrical; internally with copulatory ducts short, n-shaped and very wide; seminal receptacles inconspicuou; spermathecae large, oval and posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts almost as long as spermathecae length (Fig. 17 B–C). Natural History. The holotype was collected manually on the necromass of frailejón (Asteraceae: Espeletia perijaensis Cuatrec.) in a highly disturbed Páramo ecosystem, at a height of 3200m. Distribution. Only known from Cesar department (Fig. 32).
Published: 2021
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37. Patrera florezi Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Patrera florezi, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera florezi new species Figures 16 A–G; 32 Type material. Male holotype from Hacienda Hierba Buena (10°53′27.3″N; 73°59′43.9″W), 2040m, San Pedro de La Sierra, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, 10.XI.2015, L. Martínez leg. (ICN-Ar-9668). Paratypes: two females with same data as holotype (ICN-Ar-9669, ICN-Ar-9670). Other material examined. COLOMBIA, Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, San Pedro de La Sierra, Hacienda Hierba Buena (10°53′27.3″N; 73°59′43.9″W), 2040m, ♁1, &female; 1, 23.XI.2017, L. Martínez leg. (ICN-Ar- 10626). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor to Eduardo Florez Daza, for his contributions to arachnology in Colombia and for his support and advice to the first and third authors in the studies of Colombian spiders. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera florezi n. sp. resemble those of, P. wiwa n. sp. and P. yukpa n. sp. by having the cymbium similarly shaped, S-shaped, long embolus and bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 21C – E, 20B – D), but can be distinguished from these species by having the ventral branch of the retrolateral tibial apophysis longer and wider than the dorsal one (shorter in P. wiwa and almost with same length in P. yukpa), which is extremely thin (Fig. 16C – E). Females resemble those of P. perijaensis n. sp., by their spherical-shaped spermathecae and shape of the copulatory ducts (Fig. 17 B–C), but can be distinguished by the oval hood (larger in P. perijaensis), larger spermathecae (smaller in P. perijaensis), and small seminal receptacles inserted on the posterior portion of the copulatory ducts (Fig. 16 F–G). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-9668). Carapace pale yellow with two longitudinal stripes of black simple setae (Fig. 16A). Chelicerae brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellow. Legs yellow, darker on metatarsi and tarsi. Abdomen uniformly gray (Fig. 16A). Spinnerets gray. Total length 6.51, carapace length 3.14, width 2.39, high 0.72. Clypeus height 0.11. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.17, PME 0.17, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.31, PME–PME 0.49, PME–PLE 0.41, ALE–PLE 0.34. Chelicerae 1.46 long, four promarginal teeth; five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.69/ patella 1.22/ tibia 3.89/ metatarsus 2.4/ tarsus 1.29/ total 12.49; II—3.7/ 1.08/ 3.55/ 2.23/ 1.2/ 11.76; III—2.4/ 0.95/ 1.81/ 2.14/ 0.69/ 7.99; IV—3.39/ 1.05/ 2.89/ 3.76/ 1.21/ 12.3. Leg spination: I—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia d1-0-0, metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-0, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 3.58, epigastric furrow 0.82 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.45 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, long, with both branches apically truncated with the ventral branch wider than the dorsal branch; cymbium almost as long as the tibia; subtegulum longer than wide, with conspicuous distal projection; tegulum longer than wide, with a sclerotized ventral tegular process under the median apophysis; median apophysis short, curved and apically situated; embolus long, apically filiform, with narrow base and basally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 16 C–E). Female (Paratype, ICN-Ar-9669). Coloration as in the male (Fig. 16B). Legs yellow, darkest at metatarsi and tarsi. Total length 6.09, carapace length 2.52, width 2.01, high 1.15. Clypeus height 0.09. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.076, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.43, PME–PME 0.57, PME–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE 0.35. Chelicerae 1.06 long, four promarginal teeth; five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.96/ patella 1.14/ tibia 2.91/ metatarsus 2.23/ tarsus 1.1/ total 10.34; II—2.59/ 1.1/ 2.73/ 2.12/ 1.08/ 9.62; III 1.97/ 0.87/ 1.40/ 1.87/ 0.79/ 6.9; IV—2.83/ 0.96/ 2.35/ 2.79/ 0.97/ 9.9. Leg spination: I—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia d1-0-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 3.21, epigastric furrow 0.82 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.37 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood short and oval; lateral borders sclerotized, thin, oblique; atrium subtriangular; internally with wide, short, n-shaped copulatory ducts; seminal receptacles small and short; spermathecae large, oval and posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae (Fig. 16 F–G). Variation. Males (n=2): total length: 6.11–6.51; carapace length: 2.76–3.14; femur I length: 2.99–3.69. Females (n=4): total length: 5.28–7.17; carapace length: 2.52–2.76; femur I length: 2.52–2.96. Distribution. Only known from Magdalena department (Fig. 32)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo & Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., 2021, An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4914 (1) on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468383
Published: 2021
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38. Patrera wiwa Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera wiwa, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera wiwa new species Figures 21A–G; 32 Type material. Male holotype from San Pedro Carmelo (10°52′N; 73°43′W), 1311m, Sierra Nueva Granada, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, 24.IV.1975, J. A. Kochalka leg. (IBSP 213419). Paratypes: one male and one female from Sierra Nueva Granada, (10°52′N; 73°43′W), 1311m, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, 24.IV.1975, J. A. Kochalka leg. (IBNP). Other material examined. COLOMBIA, Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sierra Nueva Granada, San Pedro Carmelo (10°52′N; 73°43′W), 4100m, &female; 1, 7.II.1974, J. A. Kochalka leg. (IBSP 213420). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition honoring to the Wiwa, one of the four Indian tribes that live on the slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera wiwa n. sp. resemble those of P. florezi n. sp. and P. yukpa n. sp. by the similarly shaped cymbium S-shaped, long embolus, and bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 16 C-E, 20B–D), but can be diagnosed by their short retrolateral tibial apophysis with the ventral branch shorter than the dorsal one (longer in P. florezi and almost with same length in P. yukpa), median apophysis short, slender projected retrolaterally (larger and hook-shaped in P. florezi and P. yukpa) (Fig. 21 C–E). Females can be distinguished from those of the remaining species of the genus by the long, and thin hood, large copulatory ducts, and rounded and conspicuous seminal receptacles close to the spermathecae (Fig. 21 F–G). Description. Male (Holotype, IBSP 213419). Cephalothorax orange, with dorsal darker paramedian bands (Fig. 21A). Legs yellow, ventrally orange. Abdomen dorsally cream with dispersed spots, more agglutinated medially; ventrally white (Fig. 21A). Total length 5.8, carapace length 2.7, width 2.5. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.14, PME 0.12, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.1 long, four promarginal teeth; four retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I — femur 3.2/ patella 1.2/ tibia 3.7/ metatarsus 3.1/ tarsus 1.4/ total 12.6; II—3.1/ 1.2/ 3.4/ 3.0/ 1.3/ 12.0; III—2.22/ 0.9/ 1.8/ 2.3/ 0.8/ 8.02; IV—3.0/ 1.0/ 2.8/ 3.43/ 1.0/ 11.23. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0, p1-1-0, r1- 1-0; III—tibia v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r1-0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, d-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1-1, r1-1- 1-1, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1-1, r1-1-1-1-1. Abdomen: length 3.1, epigastric furrow 0.95 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.3 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, long, with the ventral branch shorter than the dorsal one; cymbium shorter than tibia, with protuberant tutacular groove; subtegulum longer than wide, with conspicuous distal projection; tegulum longer than wide, with a small, sclerotized ventral tegular process under the median apophysis; median apophysis short, curved and medially situated; embolus long, apically filiform, with narrow base and basally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 21 C–E). Female (Paratype, IBSP 213419). Coloration as in the male, except dorsum of the abdomen with dark brown dorsal spots on medial side (Fig. 21B). Total length 8.0, carapace length 3.5, width 2.7. Clypeus height 0.14. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.18, ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.3 long; four promarginal teeth; six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.5/ patella 1.3/ tibia 3.62/ metatarsus 2.9/ tarsus 1.4/ total 12.72; II— 3.5/ 1.3/ 3.4/ 2.8/ 1.3/ 12.3; III—2.4/ 1.1/ 1.7/ 2.3/ 0.8/ 8.3; IV—3.0/ 1.0/ 3.0/ 3.4/ 10.4. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-2, p1v-1-1-0, r1v-1-10, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1-0, r1-1-1-0, metatarsus v2- 2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-2, p1-1-1-0, r1-1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-1-1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.5, epigastric furrow 1.0 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.1 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood long and thin; lateral borders sclerotized, thin, oblique; atrium long, triangular; internally with long, n-shaped copulatory ducts; seminal receptacles small, rounded, medially situated on the copulatory ducts; spermathecae small, rounded, posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae length (Fig. 21 F–G). Distribution. Only known from Magdalena department (Fig. 32).
Published: 2021
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39. Patrera barbacoas Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Patrera barbacoas, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera barbacoas new species Figures 5A–D; 31 Type material. Male holotype from Reserva Natural Rio Ñambí (1°14′45.22″N, 78°6′54.71″W), 1450m, Barbacoas, Vereda Altaquer Nariño, Colombia, 14.IX.2004, D. Martínez & D. Luna leg. (ICN-Ar-10604). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition to the type locality. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera barbacoas n. sp. resemble those of P. platnicki n. sp. by having the abdomen with several dark patches and subquadrate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 10B ̅D), but can be distinguished by the retrolateral tibial apophysis narrower (larger and wider in P. platnicki) and apically subrounded, and embolus inserted on the base of the tegulum (inserted near the middle of tegulum in P. platnicki) (Fig. 5B ̅D). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-10604). Carapace brownish, darker on the cephalic region (Fig. 5A). Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow, darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen pale yellow with black spots and black setae; ventrally pale yellow. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 5A). Total length 8.12, carapace length 3.76, width 4.47, high 1.81. Clypeus height 0.21. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.27, PME 0.24, PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.34, AME–ALE 0.50, PME–PME 0.67, PME–PLE 0.67, ALE–PLE 0.57. Chelicerae 1.8 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.35/ patella 1.68/ tibia 4.76/ metatarsus 3.41/ tarsus 2.01/ total 16.21; II—4.32/ 1.65/ 4.78/ 2.76/ 1.9/ 15.41; III—3.37/ 1.52/ 2.99/ 3.24/ 1.12/ 12.24; IV—4.08/ 1.56/ 3.68/ 4.17/ 1.54/ 15.03. Leg spination: I—metatarsus v1-2-0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III— tibia d1-0-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus p1- 2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-0, p1-0-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 4.34, epigastric furrow 1.19 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.77 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis large with apical denticles; cymbium longer than tibia; subtegulum longer than wide with apically conical distal projection; tegulum longer than wide; median apophysis very short and basally situated; embolus long with narrow base, basally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 5B ̅D). Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 31).
Published: 2021
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40. Patrera dawkinsi Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Patrera dawkinsi, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera dawkinsi new species Figures 25A–D; 33 Type material. Male holotype from Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, (1°17′4.38″N; 78°5′18.24″W), 1255m, Vereda Altaquer, Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia, 7.VII.2017, W. Galvis leg. (ICN-Ar-10613). Paratype: one male with same locality data, 6.VII.2017, Estudiantes Laboratorio de Aracnología & Miriapodología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (LAM-UN), A-Ara-Dio 107 leg. (MCTP). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor to Richard Dawkins, for his valuable contributions to the scientific divulgation and to the understanding of evolution. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera dawkinsi n. sp. resemble those of P. witsu Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 by the shape of the ventral tegular process and by the retrolateral tibial apophysis with enlarged ventral branch (see Dupérré & Tapia, 2016:36, fig. 49), but can be diagnosed by the very elongated, larger ventral tegular process (shorter, smaller in P. witsu), retrolateral tibial apophysis with long ventral branch, apically sharp, and apically sub-rounded dorsal branch (the ventral branch is narrower and square in the apex in P. witsu) (Fig. 25 B–D). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-10603). Carapace brownish, darker on the cephalic region (Fig. 25A). Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow, becoming darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen dorsally pale yellow with gray spots; ventrally pale yellow. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 25A). Total length 3.63, carapace length 1.68, width 1.27, high 0.57. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.21, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.27. Chelicerae 0.82 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles, one of the retromarginal denticles biggest. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.41/ patella 0.77/ tibia 2.88/ metatarsus 2.58/ tarsus 1.22/ total 9.86; II—2.05/ 0.68/ 2.21/ 1.83/ 0.84/ 7.61; III—1.3/ 0.58/ 1.2/ 1.45/ 0.57/ 5.1; IV—1.73/ 0.57/ 1.66/ 2.08/ 0.71/ 6.75. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-1; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-1; III—tibia d1-0-0, v1- 1-1, p0-1-1 r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-2-2, r1-1-2 IV—tibia d1-0-0, v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-2, p1-2-2, r1-1-2 Abdomen: length 1.82, epigastric furrow 0.64 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 0.69 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, large, with the ventral branch wider and longer than dorsal branch, which is thin; cymbium almost as long as tibia; subtegulum longer than wide; tegulum longer than wide, with a strongly sclerotized, large, laminar ventral tegular process; median apophysis short, curved, apically situated; embolus short, apically filiform, with narrow base and proximally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 25 B–D). Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from Nariño department (Fig. 33).
Published: 2021
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41. Patrera dracula Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Patrera dracula, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera dracula new species Figures 27A–F; 33 Type material. Male holotype from Parque Nacional Natural Farallones (3°26′0″N; 76°48′0″W), 650m, Cali, Valle del Cauca Colombia, 8.V.2001 - 19.VI.2001, S. Sorria leg. (ICN-Ar-9556). Etymology. The epithet in apposition referring to the mythological vampire Dracula, alluding to the large chelicerae, which resemble Dracula’s fangs. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera dracula n. sp. can be distinguished from those of the remaining species of the genus by the bifid, long retrolateral tibial apophysis and by the proximally inserted, arched embolus (Fig. 27 D–F). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-9556). Carapace brown with dark patches, darker in the cephalic region (Fig. 27A). Chelicerae brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellow. Legs yellow, darkest at metatarsi and tarsi. Abdomen uniformly gray. Spinnerets gray (Fig. 27A). Total length 4.69, carapace length 1.72, width 1.62, high 0.96. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.16, PME 0.16, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.19, AME–ALE 0.28, PME–PME 0.39, PME–PLE 0.38, ALE–PLE 0.34. Chelicerae 1.57 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal teeth; large; cheliceral ventral projection large and cheliceral dorsal projection sharp (Fig. 27 B–C). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.93/ patella 1.05/ tibia 4.7/ metatarsus 3.98/ tarsus 1.84/ total 15.50; II—3.23/ 0.98/ 3.69/ 3.21/ 1.37/ 12.48; III—2.39/ 0.74/ 2.01/ 2.46/ 0.85/ 8.45; IV—3.32/ 0.81/ 2.76/ 3.74/ 1.05/ 11.68. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-2-0; III—tibia d1-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus d0-1-0, v2-2-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-1, p1-2-2, r0-1-1. Abdomen: length 2.74. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid with the ventral branch wider, shorter than dorsal branch, which is thin; cymbium twice as long as tibia length; subtegulum longer than wide; tegulum longer than wide, with a very small ventral tegular process; median apophysis short, curved, laminar and medially situated; embolus short, laminar, curved, apically filiform, with narrow base and proximally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 27 D–F). Female. Unknown. Remarks. The holotype was collected in a Malaise trap. The specimen is damaged, the abdomen is in bad conditions and some legs are detached. Distribution. Only known from Valle del Cauca department (Fig. 33).
Published: 2021
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42. Patrera dawkinsi Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Patrera dawkinsi, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera dawkinsi new species Figures 25A–D; 33 Type material. Male holotype from Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, (1°17′4.38″N; 78°5′18.24″W), 1255m, Vereda Altaquer, Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia, 7.VII.2017, W. Galvis leg. (ICN-Ar-10613). Paratype: one male with same locality data, 6.VII.2017, Estudiantes Laboratorio de Aracnología & Miriapodología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (LAM-UN), A-Ara-Dio 107 leg. (MCTP). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor to Richard Dawkins, for his valuable contributions to the scientific divulgation and to the understanding of evolution. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera dawkinsi n. sp. resemble those of P. witsu Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 by the shape of the ventral tegular process and by the retrolateral tibial apophysis with enlarged ventral branch (see Dupérré & Tapia, 2016:36, fig. 49), but can be diagnosed by the very elongated, larger ventral tegular process (shorter, smaller in P. witsu), retrolateral tibial apophysis with long ventral branch, apically sharp, and apically sub-rounded dorsal branch (the ventral branch is narrower and square in the apex in P. witsu) (Fig. 25 B–D). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-10603). Carapace brownish, darker on the cephalic region (Fig. 25A). Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow, becoming darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen dorsally pale yellow with gray spots; ventrally pale yellow. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 25A). Total length 3.63, carapace length 1.68, width 1.27, high 0.57. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.21, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.27. Chelicerae 0.82 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles, one of the retromarginal denticles biggest. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.41/ patella 0.77/ tibia 2.88/ metatarsus 2.58/ tarsus 1.22/ total 9.86; II—2.05/ 0.68/ 2.21/ 1.83/ 0.84/ 7.61; III—1.3/ 0.58/ 1.2/ 1.45/ 0.57/ 5.1; IV—1.73/ 0.57/ 1.66/ 2.08/ 0.71/ 6.75. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-1; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-1; III—tibia d1-0-0, v1- 1-1, p0-1-1 r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-2-2, r1-1-2 IV—tibia d1-0-0, v1-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-2, p1-2-2, r1-1-2 Abdomen: length 1.82, epigastric furrow 0.64 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 0.69 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, large, with the ventral branch wider and longer than dorsal branch, which is thin; cymbium almost as long as tibia; subtegulum longer than wide; tegulum longer than wide, with a strongly sclerotized, large, laminar ventral tegular process; median apophysis short, curved, apically situated; embolus short, apically filiform, with narrow base and proximally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 25 B–D). Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from Nariño department (Fig. 33)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo & Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., 2021, An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4914 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468383, {"references":["Duperre, N. & Tapia, E. (2016) Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Choco forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 255, 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.255"]}
Published: 2021
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43. Patrera ramirezi Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Patrera ramirezi, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera ramirezi new species Figures 12A–G; 30 Type material. Male holotype from Salto del Tequendama Falls (4°35′10″N; 74°18′0″W), Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia, 25.VII.1967, P. & B. Wygodzinsky leg. (AMNH). Paratype: female same data as holotype (AMNH). Male from Reserva Natural El Secreto, Saragoa (10°53′42.5″N; 73°59′58.6″W), 2120m, Boyacá, Colombia, 13.X.2001, C. Zudiria leg. (ICN-Ar-9667). Other material examined. COLOMBIA, Boyacá: Iguape, Quebrada Carrizal, (5°25′12″N; 73°27′24″W), 3360m, ♁1, 17.VIII-15.IX.2000, P. Reina leg. (ICN-Ar-10612). Cundinamarca: Choachí, 30.IV.2009, ♁1 D. Luna leg. (ICN-Ar-6037). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Martín Ramírez, who has greatly contributed to taxonomic and systematic studies of Neotropical spiders. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera ramirezi n. sp. can be differentiated from those of the remaining species of the genus by their long retrolateral tibial apophysis, with small dorsal projection (Fig. 12 C–E). Females are distinguished by their epigynum with exceptionally wide, transversal hood, and transversal copulatory ducts with small seminal receptacles, anteriorly positioned (Fig. 12 F–G). Description. Male (Holotype, AMNH). Cephalothorax and legs brown-reddish (Fig. 12A). Abdomen dorsally gray with dark spots from median to posterior area; ventrally white (Fig. 12A). Total length 5.1, carapace length 2.6, width 2.02. Clypeus height 0.08. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.06; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.72 long, four promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.9/ patella 1.0/ tibia 3.0/ metatarsus 2.7/ tarsus 1.3/ total 10.9; II—2.6/ 1.0/ 1.62/ 2.8/ 1.05/ 9.07; III—1.8/ 0.8/ 1.4/ 1.6/ 0.7/ 6.3; IV—2.63/ 0.8/ 2.15/ 2.8/ 0.9/ 9.28. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia v2-2-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; Abdomen: length 2.5, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis long, ventrally projected; cymbium longer than tibia; subtegulum longer than wide with flattened and apically subrounded distal projection; tegulum longer than wide; median apophysis laminar, short and medially situated; embolus long, apically filiform with narrow base and basally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 12 C–E). Female (AMNH, Paratype). Coloration as in the male (Fig. 12B). Total length 5.8, carapace length 2.9, width 2.1. Clypeus height 0.10. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.12, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12; AME– AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.0 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.52/ patella 0.9/ tibia 2.5/ metatarsus 2.1/ tarsus 1.0/ total 9.02; II—2.45/ 0.9/ 2.3/ 2.1/ 0.9/ 8.65; III—1.8/ 0.9/ 1.4/ 1.6/ 0.7/ 6.4; IV—2.5/ 0.9/ 2.0/ 2.6/ 0.9/ 8.9. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia v2-2-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; Abdomen: length 2.85, epigastric furrow 0.8 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood transversal, very wide and posteriorly projected; lateral borders weakly sclerotized, parallel, wide and apically rounded; atrium long and ample; internally with copulatory ducts long and wide; seminal receptacles small, rounded and anteriorly situated on the copulatory ducts; spermathecae large, oval and anteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts almost as long as spermathecae (Fig. 12 F–G). Variation. Males (n=3): total length: 6.83–7.33; carapace length: 3.07–3.44; femur I length 2.9–3.68. Distribution. Known from Boyacá and Cundinamarca departments Colombia (Fig. 30).
Published: 2021
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44. Patrera kuryi Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Patrera kuryi, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera kuryi new species Figures 28A–G; 33 Type material. Male holotype from Reserva Natural La Planada (4°16′45″N; 74°46′22″W), 269m, Vereda Ricaurte, Nariño, Colombia, 21–22.III.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213425). Paratype: female same data as holotype (IBSP 213429). Other material examined. COLOMBIA, Nariño: Vereda Ricaurte, Reserva Natural La Planada (4°16′45″N; 74°46′22″W), 269m, &female; 1, 12.III.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213430); &female; 1, 20.III.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213428); &female; 1, 20.III.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213427); &female; 1, 21.III.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213426). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor to Adriano B. Kury, who has greatly contributed to taxonomic and systematic studies of harvestments of the world. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera kuryi n. sp. resemble those of P. shida Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 by the elongated cymbium, and narrow, tubular ventral tegular process and basal lobe on the base of tegulum (see Dupérré & Tapia, 2016: figs 46̅47), but differ by having the retrolateral tibial apophysis with the ventral branch wide-based (base thinner in P. shida) and by the entire, very thin tegular process (bifid in P. shida) (Fig. 28C ̅E). Females can be diagnosed from other species by the long, finger-shaped hood, and small, oval spermathecae (Fig. 28F ̅G). Description. Male (Holotype, IBSP 213425). Cephalothorax and legs red brown (Fig. 28A). Abdomen dorsally gray interleaved with orange spots; ventrally white. Spinnerets gray (Fig. 28A). Total length 3.8, carapace length 1.75, width 1.4. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.9 long, three promarginal teeth, four retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.5/ patella 0.7/ tibia 2.8/ metatarsus 2.6/ tarsus 1.2/ total 9.8; II—2.1/ 0.7/ 2.2/ 2.1/ 0.8/ 7.9; III—1.4/ 0.5/ 1.1/ 1.9/ 0.5/ 5.4; IV—2.0/ 0.6/ 1.7/ 2.2/ 0.7/ 7.2. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0; III—tibia v1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0; IV—tibia v1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-0. Abdomen: length 2.0, epigastric furrow 0.7 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 0.8 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, large, with the ventral branch wider than dorsal one, which is extremely thin; cymbium approximately as long as tibia; subtegulum longer than wide; tegulum longer than wide, with a long, thin ventral tegular process closely related to the embolus; median apophysis short, curved and medially situated; embolus short, laminar, curved, apically filiform, with narrow base and proximally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 28 C–E). Female (Paratype, IBSP 213429). Coloration as in the male, except the abdomen dorsally uniformly gray (Fig. 28B). Total length 4.2, carapace length 1.83, width 1.49. Clypeus height 0.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 0.8 long, three promarginal teeth, seven retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.2/ patella 0.7/ tibia 2.5/ metatarsus 2.1/ tarsus 1.0/ total 8.5; II—1.9/ 0.6/ 1.9/ 1.7/ 0.7/ 6.8; III—1.3/ 0.5/ 1.0/ 1.3/ 0.4/ 4.5; IV—1.9/ 0.5/ 1.4/ 2.0/ 0.6/ 6.4. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia v1-1-0, p1-1- 0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; IV—tibia v2-1-2, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-0. Abdomen: length 2.3, epigastric furrow 0.9 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 0.9 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood long and finger-shaped; lateral borders sclerotized, wide, short; atrium ample; internally with short copulatory ducts; seminal receptacles inconspicuous; spermathecae small, oval and posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae length (Fig. 28 F–G). Variation. Females (n=4): total length 4.0–5.0; carapace 1.6–1.9; femur I length: 2.0–2.1 Distribution. Only know from Nariño department (Fig. 33)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo & Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., 2021, An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4914 (1) on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468383, {"references":["Duperre, N. & Tapia, E. (2016) Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Choco forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 255, 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.255"]}
Published: 2021
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45. Patrera quillacinga Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Patrera quillacinga, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera quillacinga new species Figures 11A–G; 30 Type material. Male holotype from surrounding of the entrance of the Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, (1°17′1.14″N; 78°5′28″W), 1179m, Vereda Altaquer, Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia, 5.VII.2017, W. Galvis leg. (ICN-Ar-9676). Paratypes: two females from Reserva Natural La Planada (4°16′45″N; 74°46′22″W), 1850m, Ricaurte, Nariño, Colombia, 22.III.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213421); one female, 3.I.1992, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213424); two females from road to Charco La Paila, Reserva Natural Río Ñambí (1°17′6.25″N; 78°4′22.98″W), 1443m, Vereda Altaquer, Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia, 4.VII.2017, W. Galvis leg. (ICN-Ar-9677, ICN-Ar-9678); one female from surroundings house (station) Reserva Natural Río Ñambí (1°17′9.82″N; 78°4′28.24″W), 1380m, Vereda Altaquer, Barbacoas, Nariño, Colombia, 4.VII.2017, W. Galvis leg. (ICN-Ar-9679). Other material examined. COLOMBIA, Narinƚ: Ricaurte, Reserva Natural La Planada, (4°16′45″N; 74°46′22″W), 1750m, &female; 1, 29.III.1991, C. Valderrama leg. (IBSP 213422). Etymology. The epithet is a noun in apposition honoring to the Quillacinga, indigenous people who lived in the Nariño department region, the type locality. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera quillacinga n. sp., resemble those of P. borjai n. sp. by their embolus and its base unprovided of denticles and short retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 6 C–E), but can be diagnosed by their very short and quadrangular retrolateral tibial apophysis (longer and apically truncated in P. borjai, and longer and apically sharp in P. perafani), and embolus with the base not projected (Fig. 11 C–E). Females resemble those of P. anchicaya by their thin lateral borders (Fig. 4 F–G), but can be distinguished by the short hood (larger in P. anchicaya), very large spermathecae (smaller in P. anchicaya), and thin lateral borders, anteriorly fused delimiting two atrial cavities with rounded anterior edges (Fig. 11 F–G). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-9676). Carapace brownish, darker on the cephalic region (Fig 11A). Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow, darkest at Tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen dorsally grayish; ventrally yellow. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 11A). Total length 8.98, carapace length 3.97, width 3.18, high 1.61. Clypeus height 0.12. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.14, ALE 0.25, PME 0.24, PLE 0.18; AME–AME 0.28, AME–ALE 0.45, PME–PME 0.6, PME–PLE 0.59, ALE–PLE 0.51. Chelicerae 1.71 long, five promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 4.85/ patella 1.76/ tibia 5.77/ metatarsus 4.64/ tarsus 2.58/ total 19.61; II—4.94/ 1.64/ 4.87/ 4.68/ 2.28/ 18.42; III—3.57/ 1.47/ 2.87/ 3.79/ 1.28/ 13.01; IV—4.94/ 1.61/ 4.82/ 5.74/ 1.66/ 18.79. Leg spination: II—metatarsus v2-2-0; III—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia v2-2-3, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 5.13, epigastric furrow 1.58 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.5 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis short, with apical denticles and ventrally projected; cymbium longer than tibia; subtegulum longer than wide with the distal projection apically subrounded; tegulum longer than wide; median apophysis hook-shaped, long and medially situated; embolus long, apically filiform with narrow base and basally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 11 C–E). Female (Paratype, IBSP 2134221). Coloration as in the male (Fig. 11B). Legs yellow, darkest at metatarsi and tarsi. Total length 9.0, carapace length 3.7, width 2.8. Clypeus height 0.14. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.16, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18; AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.16, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.5 long, four promarginal teeth, five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.3/ patella 1.3/ tibia 3.1/ metatarsus 2.6/ tarsus 1.6/ total 11.9; II—3.4/ 1.2/ 3.2/ 2.6/ 1.63/ 12.03; III—2.6/ 0.8/ 1.82/ 2.32/ 1.0/8.54; IV—3.3/ 0.9/ 2.99/ 3.6/ 1.3/ 12.09. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p0, r0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; II—tibia p0, r0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; III—tibia p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV—tibia p0-1-1, r1v-0-1-1. Abdomen: length 5.1, epigastric furrow 1.6 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.9 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood triangular and small; lateral borders sclerotized, parallel, long, wide and apically rounded; atrium long and ample; internally with copulatory ducts long and thin; seminal receptacles small, rounded and posteriorly situated on the spermathecae; spermathecae large, rounded and posteromedially positioned; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae length (Fig. 11 F–G). Variation. Females (n=3): total length: 5.03–10.36; carapace length: 3.08–4.46; femur I length: 2.29–3.50. Distribution. Only known from Nariño department (Fig. 30).
Published: 2021
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46. Patrera perijaensis Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Patrera perijaensis, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera perijaensis new species Figures 17A–C; 32 Type material. Female holotype from Sabana Rubia, (10°22′8.6″N; 72°52′33.6″W), 3200–3400m, Serranía del Perijá, Cesar, Colombia, 16-20-XII.2016, E. Villarreal, L. Martínez & C. Pinzón leg. (ICN-Ar-10632). Etymology. The specific epithet is referring to an Andean formation and type locality called “Serranía del Perijá”. It is the most northern branch of the Andean mountains. Diagnosis. Females of Patrera perijaensis n. sp., resemble those of P. florezi n. sp. and P. wiwa n. sp., by having the similar shape of hood and n-shaped copulatory ducts (Figs 16 F–G, 21F–G), but can be diagnosed by having very large and subrounded hood (thinner in P. florezi), wide copulatory ducts, and larger spermathecae (thinner and smaller respectively in P. florezi) (Fig. 17 B–C). Description. Female (Holotype, ICN-Ar-10632). Carapace yellow, darker in the ocular region (Fig. 17A). Chelicerae yellow. Labium pale brown and endites yellow. Sternum yellow. Legs yellow, with some gray patches on all segments. Abdomen yellow with some dark gray patches distribuites on all dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 17A). Spinnerets yellow. Total length 6.66, carapace length 3.12, width 2.47, high 1.17. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.17, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16; AME–AME 0.27, AME–ALE 0.3, PME–PME 0.46, PME–PLE 0.38, ALE–PLE 0.43. Chelicerae 1.2 long; six promarginal teeth; four retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.89/ patella 1.39/ tibia 3.19/ metatarsus 2.37/ tarsus 1.48/ total 11.32; II—2.83/ 1.30/ 2.85/ 2.23/ 1.35/ 10.56; III—2.23/ 1.04/ 1.9/ 1.88/ 0.96/ 8.01; IV—3.17/ 1.18/ 2.95/ 3.1/ 1.14/ 11.54. Leg spination: I—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia d1-0-0 p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-0, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 3.37, epigastric furrow 0.77 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.37 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood large; lateral borders sclerotized, thin, and parallel; atrium cylindrical; internally with copulatory ducts short, n-shaped and very wide; seminal receptacles inconspicuou; spermathecae large, oval and posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts almost as long as spermathecae length (Fig. 17 B–C). Natural History. The holotype was collected manually on the necromass of frailejón (Asteraceae: Espeletia perijaensis Cuatrec.) in a highly disturbed Páramo ecosystem, at a height of 3200m. Distribution. Only known from Cesar department (Fig. 32)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo & Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., 2021, An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4914 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468383
Published: 2021
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47. Patrera dentata Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Patrera dentata, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera dentata new species Figures 26A–F; 33 Type material. Male holotype from Reserva Natural Río Ñambí (1°14′45.22″N; 78°6′54.71″W), 1440m, Barbacoas, Vereda Altaquer Nariño, Colombia, 09.IV.2010, E. Flórez et al leg. (ICN-Ar-10636). Etymology. The specific epithet is referring to the ventral projection of the chelicerae. Diagnosis. Males Patrera dentata n. sp. can be distinguished from those of the remaining species of the genus by the slender, elongated ventral tegular apophysis closely related to the embolus and by the presence of a second triangular, small tegular projection (Fig. 26D ̅F). Description. Male (Holotype, ICN-Ar-10636). Carapace from cephalic zone to thoracic groove pale brown, lateral and posterior margin yellow (Fig. 26A). Chelicerae red brownish (Fig. 26A). Labium and endites brown. Sternum yellow. Legs yellow. Abdomen gray covered of black setae; ventrally light gray. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 26A). Total length 6.53, carapace length 2.81, width 2.17, high 0.95. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.09, ALE 0.19, PME 0.18, PLE 0.21; AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.37, PME–PME 0.5, PME–PLE 0.47, ALE–PLE 0.39. Chelicerae 1.56 long, three promarginal teeth, the second largest, four retromarginal teeth; Cavp large (Fig. 28C). Leg measurements: Leg I—femur 4.12/ patella 1.17/ tibia 4.72/ metatarsus 4.0/ tarsus 2.03/ total 16.05; II—lost; III—lost/ 0.95/ 2.38/ 2.76/ 1.05/ 7.16; IV—3.61/ 1.18/ 3.41/4.19/ 1.47/ 13.76. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, p0-1-1, metatarsus v2-1-0; II—lack; III—tibia d1-0-0 v2-2-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus d1-0-0, v2-2-1, p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 3.49, epigastric furrow 0.93 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.35 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, large, with the ventral branch longer than dorsal branch; cymbium shorter than tibia length; subtegulum longer than wide; tegulum longer than wide, with a sclerotized, thin ventral tegular process closely related to the embolus, and a second triangular projection; median apophysis short, curved, laminar and apically situated; embolus short, apically filiform, with narrow base and proximally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 26 D–F). Female. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the Nariño department (Fig. 33).
Published: 2021
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48. Patrera yukpa Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Patrera yukpa, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera yukpa new species Figures 20A–G; 32 Type material. Male holotype from Finca San Jose, 8km SE of Scorpa Mission (10°00’59”N; 72°57’28”W), 2968m, Serranía del Perijá, La Guajira, Colombia, 1–14.VIII.1968, B. Malkin leg. (AMNH). Female and male from San Pedro del Alto, camino a la cueva (10°52′ 28.16″N; 72°44′1.64″W), 1716m, Barrancas, La Guajira, Colombia, 04.XII.2016, M. Gutiérrez col. (ICN-Ar-10648). Other material examined. COLOMBIA, La Guajira: Serranía del Perijá, Finca San Jose, 8km SE of Scorpa Mission, (10°00’59”N; 72°57’28”W), 2968m, ♁1, 27–31.VII.1968, B. Malkn leg. (AMNH); ♁2, 27–31.VII.1968, B. Malkin leg. (AMNH). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, a tribute to Yukpa, an Amerindian village situated in the Serranía del Perijá, on both sides of the border between Colombia and Venezuela, which people speaks a language from the northern branch of the Caribbean linguistic family. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera yukpa n. sp. resemble those of P. florezi n. sp. and P. wiwa n. sp. by having the cymbium similarly shaped, S-shaped, long embolus and bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 16 C–E, 21C–E), but can be distinguished by the very long retrolateral tibial apophysis with both branches similarly-sized, ventral branch rectangular and dorsal branch slender (longer in P. florezi and shorter in P. wiwa), with duckbill shape in retrolateral view (Fig. 20 C–E). Females can be distinguished by their short hood, with ondulations at base (Fig. 20 F–G). Description. Male (AMNH, Holotype). Carapace brown-reddish anteriorly and posteriorly orange (Fig. 20A). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs brown-reddish. Abdomen dorsally cream with small orange spots; ventrally white (Fig. 20A). Total length 7.65, carapace length 3.4, width 2.6. Clypeus height 0.12. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.14, PME 0.12, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.04. Chelicerae 1.8 long; five promarginal teeth; five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 3.69/ patella 1.1/ tibia 4.0/ metatarsus 3.3/ tarsus 1.3/ total 13.39; II—3.5/ 1.2/ 3.4/ 2.98/ 1.2/ 12.28; III—2.4/ 1.0/ 1.9/ 2.35/ 0.7/ 8.35; IV—3.4/ 1.2/ 2.8/ 3.7/ 0.9/ 12.0. Leg spination: I—tibia v2- 2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; II—tibia v1-1-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0, p0, r0; III—tibia p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Abdomen: length 4.1, epigastric furrow 1.1 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.8 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid and long, with branches of equal length and a thin furrow along of the ventral branch; cymbium shorter than tibia with protuberant tutacular groove; subtegulum longer than wide, with conspicuous distal projection; tegulum longer than wide; median apophysis long, curved and medially situated; embolus long, apically filiform, with narrow base and basally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 20 C–E). Female (Paratype, ICN-Ar-10648). Coloration deteriored because the specimen suffered dehydratation (Fig. 20B). Total length 4.42, carapace length 2.31, width 1.17. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.11, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.19, AME–ALE 0.24, PME–PME 0.35, PME–PLE 0.31, ALE–PLE 0.29. Chelicerae 0.95 long; five promarginal teeth; six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 2.38/ patella 0.89/ tibia 2.34/ metatarsus 1.69/ tarsus 0.89/ total 8.21; II—2.19/ 0.84/ 2.07/ 1.59/ 0.81/ 7.53; III—1.63/ 0.68/ 1.33/ 1.40/ 0.48/ 5.54; IV—2.36/ 0.84/ 3.33/ 2.67/ 1.14/ 10.36. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2- 0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III—tibia d1-0-0, v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0. Abdomen: length 2.52, epigastric furrow unobservable. Epigynum: hood small and with circular grooves at base on the base; lateral borders sclerotized, thin, oblique; atrium triangular; internally with copulatory ducts short and n-shaped; seminal receptacles small and medially situated on the copulatory ducts; spermathecae small, oval and posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae length (Fig. 20 F–G). Distribution. Only know from La Guajira department (Fig. 32)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo & Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., 2021, An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4914 (1) on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468383
Published: 2021
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49. Patrera platnicki Martínez & Brescovit & Villarreal & Oliveira 2021, new species

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Patrera platnicki, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy
Abstract: Patrera platnicki new species Figures 10A ̅ D; 30 Type material. Male holotype from Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas (6°37′15.4″N; 76°8′46.1″W), 3456m, Vereda Piedras, Sector La Mina cuchilla hacia Morropelao, Frantini, Antioquia, Colombia, 2.II.2012, W. Galvis, leg. (ICN-Ar-5673). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Dr. Norman Platnick, for his contribution to taxonomy of the spiders of the world. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera platnicki n. sp. resemble those of P. barbacoas n. sp., by having the abdomen with several dark patches and subsquare retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 5B ̅D), but can be diagnosed by their large and apically squared retrolateral tibial apophysis (smaller and thinner in P. barbacoas), and embolus inserted subbasally on the tegulum with rounded base (basally originating on the tegulum and with narrow base in P. barbacoas) (Fig. 10B ̅D). Description. Male. (Holotype, ICN-Ar-5673). Carapace brown, darker on the cephalic region and thoracic groove (Fig. 10A). Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown. Sternum brown. Legs yellow, darkest from tibiae to tarsi. Abdomen grayish with very black setae, and four black posterior transversal bands; ventrally yellow. Spinnerets yellow (Fig. 10A). Total length 8.55, carapace length 3.69, width 3.22, high 1.49. Clypeus height 0.07. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.22, PME 0.2, PLE 0.3; AME–AME 0.34, AME–ALE 0.49, PME–PME 0.56, PME–PLE 0.54, ALE–PLE 0.56. Chelicerae 1.9 long, five promarginal teeth, six retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 5.02/ patella 1.79/ tibia 5.19/ metatarsus 4.25/ tarsus 2.48 /total 18.73; II—4.68/ 1.69/ 4.84/ 4.08/ 2.34/ 17.63; III—3.4/ 0.82/ 2.52/ 2.79/ 1.22/ 10.75; IV—4.18/ 1.2/ 3.48/ 3.84/ 1.5/ 14.2. Leg spination: I—metatarsus v1-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0; II—metatarsus v2-2-0, p1-1-0, r0-1-0; III—tibia p1-0-1, r1-0- 1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-2-2; IV—tibia p1-0-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-2-2. Abdomen: length 4.29, epigastric furrow 1.02 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 1.0 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis large, apically square and apically serrate; cymbium longer than tibia; subtegulum longer than wide with subrounded distal projection; tegulum longer than wide; median apophysis very short, curved and basally situated; embolus long, thin with rounded base, apically filiform and subbasally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 10 B–D). Distribution. Only known from the type locality (Fig. 30).
Published: 2021
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50. Patrera armata

Author: Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo, and Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Anyphaenidae, Animalia, Araneae, Biodiversity, Patrera, Taxonomy, Patrera armata
Abstract: Patrera armata (Chickering, 1940) Figures 22 A–E; 33 Sillus armatus Chickering, 1940: 90, figs 17–19 (Male holotype from Valle de Panama, Panama, deposited in MCZ, examined). Radulphius strandi Caporiacco, 1947 a: 26 (Female holotype from Guyana, deposited in the Museo Zoologico de “La Specola”, examined); Caporiacco 1948 a: 672, fig. 86. New synonymy. Aysha strandi: Caporiacco 1955: 391. Patrera armata: Brescovit 1997: 33. Synonymy. We associate males and females through material collected from Meta department, Colombia. Diagnosis. Males of Patrera armata can be distinguished from the remaining species by the males having a large dorsobasal bump on the palpal tibia (Fig. 22C, arrow), bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis with dorsal branch thin and very wide ventral branch, and curved, slender embolus on an apical tegular furrow (Fig. 22 B–E). Females can be reconigzed by the M-shaped lateral borders, large and oval seminal receptacles, and thin, strongly sclerotized hood (Fig. 22 G–H). Material examined. COLOMBIA, Meta: Villavicencio (4°8′56.23″N; 73°38′13.73″W), ♁2, &female; 1, (ICN-Ar- 5481). Amazonas: Leticia, quebrada la Yahuarcaca Finca El Agape (4°12′5.65″S; 69°56′8.68″W), 100m, &female; 1, III.2009, I. Mojica leg. (ICN-Ar-5475). Cauca: PNNT Isla Gorgona (2°58′6.72″N; 78°11′4.9″W), 5m, &female; 1, VII. 2003, A. Rico, J. Beltrán, A. Alvarez & H. Pulido leg. (ICN-Ar-2583). Cundinamarca: Medina, via a Medina, Gazatarena (4°25′38″N; 73°18′57.7″W), 303m, ♁1, 24.X.2017, B. Rodriguez & F. Vásquez leg. (ICN-Ar-10608). Caquetá: Florencia, Centro de Investigaciones de la Universidad de la Amazonia Macagual (1°37′00″N; 75°36′00″W), 250m, ♁2, 2.VIII.2019, L. Martínez leg. (IBSP 258655). Description. Male (ICN-Ar-10608). Carapace light brown with several stripes toward medial zone (Fig. 22A). Chelicerae brownish. Labium and endites light brown. Sternum yellowish. Legs yellow. Abdomen uniformly gray. Spinnerets pale yellow (Fig. 24A). Total length 8.23, carapace length 3.33, width 2.64, high 0.97. Clypeus height 0.16. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.23, PME 0.21, PLE 0.24; AME–AME 0.31, AME–ALE 0.39, PME–PME 0.57, PME–PLE 0.53, ALE–PLE 0.38. Chelicerae 2.01 long, four promarginal teeth, three retromarginal teeth; large cheliceral ventral projection (Fig. 22 C–D). Leg measurements: leg I—femur 5.49/ patella 1.60/ tibia 6.74/ metatarsus 4.75/ tarsus 2.18/ total 20.76; II—5.07/ 1.38/ 5.78/ 4.63/ 1.73/ 18.59; III—3.40/ 1.16/ 3.04/ 3.48/ 1.02/ 12.1; IV—4.72/ 1.29/ 4.36/ 5.16/ 1.70/ 17.23. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0-1; II—tibia v2-2-0; III—tibia d1-0-01, v2-2-0, metatarsus, p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia d1-0-01, p0-1-1, metatarsus=III. Abdomen: length 4.89, epigastric furrow 1.27 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.42 from base of spinnerets. Palp: retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid, large, with the ventral branch very wide and curved, dorsal branch thin and curved; cymbium shorter that tibia length; subtegulum longer than wide; tegulum longer than wide, with a small, apically situated ventral tegular process; median apophysis short, tubular, curved and apically situated; embolus short, apically filiform, with straight base and proximally inserted on the tegulum (Fig. 22 F–G). Female (ICN-Ar-5481). Coloration as in the male (Fig. 22B). Total length 8.50, carapace length 3.36, width 2.67, high 0.86. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.20, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.28, AME–ALE 0.39, PME–PME 0.51, PME–PLE 0.47, ALE–PLE 0.36. Chelicerae 1.74 long, four promarginal teeth the second bigest, six retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: leg I—femur 5.00/ patella 1.42/ tibia 5.69/ metatarsus 4.31/ tarsus 2.27/ total 18.69; II—4.72/ 1.32/ 5.29/ 4.27/ 2.04/ 17.64; III—3.39/ 1.08/ 3.06/ 3.37/ 1.22/ 12.12; IV—4.24/ 1.10/ 4.01/ 4.71/ 1.49/ 15.55. Leg spination: I—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus v2-0- 0; II—tibia v2-2-0, metatarsus=I; III—tibia d1-0-01, v2-2-0, metatarsus p1-2-2, r1-1-2; IV—tibia p1-0-1, r2-0-1, metatarsus p1-3-2, r1-1-2. Abdomen: length 4.75, epigastric furrow 1.33 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.02 from base of spinnerets. Epigynum: hood thin and long, strongly sclerotized; lateral borders wide, united at base; atrium narrow; internally with short, thin copulatory ducts; seminal receptacles large, medially positioned on copulatory ducts; spermathecae large, oval, posteriorly positioned; fertilization ducts shorter than spermathecae length (Fig. 22 G–H). Natural History. The specimens were collected beating low shrubs, on foliage, in Amazonian wet forest, at a range of 5-303 meters height. Distribution. Known from state of Amazonas (Brazil), Valle de Panama (Panama; Chickering, 1940) and Amazonas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, and Meta (Colombia) (Fig. 33)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Brescovit, Antonio D., Villarreal, Eduardo & Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., 2021, An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 4914 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468383, {"references":["Chickering, A. M. (1940) New Anyphaenidae from Panama with notes on known species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 59, 78 ‾ 122.","Caporiacco, L. di. (1947) Diagnosi preliminari de specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccari e Romiti. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 56, 20 ‾ 34.","Caporiacco, L. di. (1948) Arachnida of British Guiana collected in 1931 and 1936 by Professors Beccari and Romiti. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118 (3), 607 ‾ 747. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00402. x","Caporiacco, L. di. (1955) Estudios sobre los aracnidos de Veneuela 2 ª parte: Araneae. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 1 (16), 245 ‾ 448.","Brescovit, A. D. (1997) Revis \" o de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nivel de generos na regi \" o neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, 1 - 187."]}
Published: 2021
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