Search

Natural resources like soil and water are under serious threat due to intensive agriculture which is intended to increase the world's food production. But, sustainable food production for the future generation becomes challenging due to soil and water quality deterioration. Soil erosion is one of the significant problems which decreases soil health and crop production. Anthropogenic activities coupled with climate change further worsen the condition. Rainfall/precipitation, topography, vegetation and soil property are the major factors contributing to soil erosion. The worldwide annual rate of soil erosion from agricultural land ranges from 22 to 100-ton ha−1, which results in 15–30% loss of agricultural productivity.

P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, L. N. Govt. College, Ponneri-601 204, Tiruvallur District, Tamilnadu, India P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, Dr. Ambedkar Govt. Arts College, Vyasarpadi-600 039, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India E-mail: sembanuran@gmail.com Manuscript received online 27 December 2019, revised 24 February 2020, accepted 03 March 2020 The kinetics of oxidation of an -amino acid-Leucine [LEU] by trichloroisocyanuric acid [TCICA] in 50% acetic acid-50% water (v/v) solvent medium in the presence of chloride ion have been investigated. It was noted that the oxidation is first order in each [LEU], [TCICA] and fractional order with negative slope with respect to [H+]. The main product of the oxidation is 2- methyl butanal. The increase of water content of the solvent medium increases the rate of the reaction indicates the reaction to be of dipole-dipole type. HOCl has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. A suitable mechanism has been proposed.

P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, L. N. Govt. College, Ponneri-601 204, Tiruvallur District, Tamilnadu, India P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, Dr. Ambedkar Govt. Arts College, Vyasarpadi-600 039, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India E-mail: sembanuran@gmail.com Manuscript received online 27 December 2019, revised 24 February 2020, accepted 03 March 2020 The kinetics of oxidation of an ���-amino acid-Leucine [LEU] by trichloroisocyanuric acid [TCICA] in 50% acetic acid-50% water (v/v) solvent medium in the presence of chloride ion have been investigated. It was noted that the oxidation is first order in each [LEU], [TCICA] and fractional order with negative slope with respect to [H+]. The main product of the oxidation is 2- methyl butanal. The increase of water content of the solvent medium increases the rate of the reaction indicates the reaction to be of dipole-dipole type. HOCl has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. A suitable mechanism has been proposed.

The research work was designed to assess the growth and reproduction potential of indigenous species of earthworm Perionyx ceylanensis and Lampito mauritii using locally available agro-industry wastes, i.e., sago bagasse (SB) and sugarcane filter mud (SFM) with bacterial inoculation. The growth and reproduction of P. ceylanensis and L. mauritii was measured by studying parameters, such as, maximum biomass gain, net biomass gain worm-1, growth rate of worms and number of cocoons produced and number of hatchlings emerged. Totally six experimental piles were prepared using 1:1 ratio of SB and SFM for inoculation of both earthworms separately and four experimental piles were inoculated with bacterial strain before inoculation of earthworms (EBP3, EBP4, EBL5 and EBL6). Results of this study revealed that the biomass gain and growth rate of both worms were significantly higher (P, {"references":["Gajalakshmi, S., Ramasamy, E., & Abbasi, S. (2002). Vermicomposting of paper waste with the anecic earthworm Lampito mauritii Kinberg.Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 9,306-311.","Garg, V., & Kaushik, P. (2005). Vermistabilization of textile mill sludge spiked with poultry droppings by an epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. Bioresource Technology, 96(9), 1063-1071.","Krishnan, J. R., & Manivannan, S. Effect of inoculating lignocellulolytic fungus and exotic earthworms on major nutrient changes during degradation of coir waste amended with sugarcane bagasse. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences.2(6),364-369.","Mahesh Kumar, P.A.M.S. (2015). Biomanagement of sago bagasse with biogas plant slurry using an indigenous earthworms Perionyx ceylanensis Mich. and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) for nutrients recovery. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 5(12), 12-17.","Manivannan, S., Ramamoorthy, P., Parthasarathi, K. and Ranganathan, L.S. (2004). Effect of sugar industrial wastes on the growth and reproduction of earthworms. Journal Experimental Zoological India, 7, 23-27.","Meena, K., & Renu, B. (2009). Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161(2/3), 948-954.","Ndegwa, P. M., & Thompson, S. (2000). Effects of C-to-N ratio on vermicomposting of biosolids. Bioresource Technology, 75(1), 7-12","Sarker, T.C., Mannan, M.A., Mondol, P.C., Kabir, A.H., Parvez, S.M., & Alam, M.F. (2013). Physico-chemical profile and microbial diversity during bioconversion of sugarcane press mud using bacterial suspension. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 5(3), 346-353.","Suthar, S. (2010). Pilot-scale vermireactors for sewage sludge stabilization and metal remediation process: comparison with small-scale vermireactors. Ecological Engineering, 36(5), 703-712.","Tamizhazhagan, V., Pugazhendy, K., Sakthidasan, V., Revathi, K., & Baranitharan, M. Investigation of microbial count in the soil and earthworm gut Eudrilus eugeniae. Innovare Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(3), 7-9.","Tripathi, G., & Bhardwaj, P. (2004). Comparative studies on biomass production, life cycles and composting efficiency of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresource Technology, 92(3), 275-283.","Yadav, A., & Garg, V. (2011). Recycling of organic wastes by employing Eisenia fetida. Bioresource Technology, 102(3), 2874-2880."]}

The technological advancement of the current technology has affected the processes of the most of the economic and social related businesses. The aims of this advancement are to serve and make human life more comfortable and however, there are still lots of areas in our daily life where manual processes are used. Taking as an example in the water control and management systems, where many authorities use manual systems for water controland management. Especially nowadays most of the countriesare still using manual system for controlling and monitoring the dams. Due to the complicated and time consuming process in a manual system, a model for Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Dams is proposed that uses remote control technology, linked to the web technology, to attain great success in monitoring and controlling water levels in managing dams. This paper is to present a new solution which it is to implemental proposed system called as RMCD "Remote Monitoring and Controlling of Dams". With the proposed system it will allow the user to control and monitor the dams remotely which it is saving a lot of efforts, reducing the cost and also increasing the monitoring quality as the users are going to use automated system rather than using of manual system. Shaik Roshan | Dr. M. Muthuvinayagam | S. Manivannan "IoT Based Remote Monitoring and Controlling for Shutter Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30123.pdf

Department of Chemistry, Anna Adharsh College for Women, Chennai-600 040, India P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Chennai-600 039, India E-mail: sembanuran@gmail.com Manuscript received online 01 September 2018, accepted 10 October 2018 The ternary solid mixture of transition metal oxides [nickel(II), manganese(IV) and copper(II)] NMC were prepared with different mole ratios of their component oxides and sintered at 850 K in the form of cylindrical disks. The humidity sensing is described by experimental results on NMC. The transition metal oxide mixtures were subjected to dc resistance measurement as a function of relative humidity in the range of 5–98% RH, achieved by different water vapour buffers thermo stated at room temperature. The sensitivity factor (Sf = R5%/R98%) measured at 298 K revealed that NMC-121 metal oxide mixture has the highest humidity sensitivity factor 2705. The sample having highest sensitivity factor NMC-121 is characterized by powder XRD and FT-IR data. The same has been subjected to dc conductance measurements in the temperature range from 318 K to 623 K and hence the activation energy is calculated. The activation energy value was found to be 0.327 eV. These ternary solid mixtures of transition metal oxides can be used as commercial thick film humidity sensor because of their humidity sensing factors.

Composting and vermicomposting is a widely used method for disposal of organic wastes for nutrients recovery. Application of fresh organic wastes or non-stabilized compost to soil may leads to immobilization of plant nutrients and cause phytotoxicity. The environmental problems associated with raw coir waste (CW) application, such as release of polyphenols could be mitigated by stabilizing its nutrient and organic matter contents by composting/vermicomposting before application to agricultural soils. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the changes in nutrient content of CW amended with sugarcane bagasse (SBG) using different lignocellulolytic fungal inoculations and vermicomposting during over a period of 90 days in order to produce stabilized organic fertilizer. The composts and vermicompost were sampled at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days for the assessment of temporal changes in nutritional properties. Results revealed that nutrient contents during composting and vermicomposting showed a significant variation in all the treatments (p, {"references":["Gaind, S., Nain, L. and Goyal, D., 2006. Trace element characterization for quality evaluation of compost from amended paddy straw inoculated with fungal consortium. Indian J. Microbiol., 46,127-132.","Jackson, M.L., 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.","Manivannan, S., Ramamoorthy, P., Parthasarathi, K. and Ranganathan, L.S., 2004. Effect of sugar industrial wastes on the growth and reproduction of earthworms. J. Exp. Zool. India, 7, 29-37.","Molla, A.H., Fakhrul-Razi A., Abd-Aziz, S., Hanafi, M.M. and Alam, M.Z., 2001. In vitro compatibility evaluation of fungal mixed culture for bioconversion of domestic waste water sludge. World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 17, 849-856.","Ndegwa, P.M. and Thompson, S.A., 2000. Effects of C to N ratio on vermicomposting of biosolids. J. Bioresour. Techonol., 75, 7-12.","Orrico Junior, M.A.P., Orrico, A.C.A. and Lucas Junior, J., 2010. Compostagem dos resíduos da produçao avicola: cama de frangos e carcaças de aves. Engenharia Agrícola., 30, 538-545.","Prabhakaran, D. and Manivannan, S., 2014. Effect of inoculating lignocellulolytic fungus on nutrient changes during different phases of composting of poultry droppings amended with bagasse Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 3(9), 582-595.","Sarker, T.C., Mannan, M.A., Mondol, P.C., Kabir, A.H., Parvez, M. and Alam, M.F., 2013. Physico-chemical profile and microbial diversity during bioconversion of sugarcane press mud using microbial suspension. Not. Sci, Biol., 5(3), 346-353.","Suthar, S., 2007. Nutrient changes and bio dynamics of epigeics earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Perrier) during recycling of some agricultural wastes. Bioresour. Technol., 98, 1608-1614.","Tamizhazhagan, V., Pugazhendy, K., Sakthidasan, V., Revathi, K. and Baranitharan, M., 2016. Investigation of microbial count in the soil and earthworm gut (Eudrilus Eugeniae). Innov. J. Agri. Sci., 4(3), 7-9.","Thomas, G.V.C., Palaniswami, S.R., Prabhu, Gopal, M. and Gupta, A., 2013. Co-composting of coconut coir pith with solid poultry manure. Curr. Sci., 104, 245-250.","Tiquia, S.M., 2005. Microbial parameters as indicators of compost maturity. J. Appl. Microbiol., 99, 816-828.","Walkley, A.J. and Black C.A., 1934. Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37, 29-38.","Warman, P.R. and Tremmeer, W.C., 2005. Evaluation of sewage sludge septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage: Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B content of crop and soils. Bioresour. Technol., 96, 1029-1038.","Yadav, A. and Garg, V.K., 2011. Recycling of organic wastes by employing Eisenia fetida. Bioresour. Technol., 102(3), 2874-2880."]}

Application of fresh organic wastes or non-stabilized compost to soil may leads to immobilization of plant nutrients and cause phytotoxicity. Annually, large amount of coffee by-products are generated throughout coffee processing industry. The environmental problems associated with raw coffee pulp (CP), such as release of polyphenols and tannins could be mitigated by stabilizing its nutrient and organic matter contents by vermicomposting before application to agricultural soils. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the changes in nutrient content of CP amended with sugarcane press mud (SPM) using earthworms and vermicomposting during over a period of 75 days in order to produce stabilized organic fertilizer. Results revealed that nutrient contents during vermicomposting showed a significant variation in all the treatments (p, {"references":["Adi, A.J. and Noor, Z.M., 2009. Waste recycling: Utilization of coffee grounds and kitchen waste in vermicomposting. Bioresour. Technol., 100, 1027-1030","Garg, V.K., Kaushik, P. and Dilbaghi, N., 2005. Vermicomposting of wastewater sludge from textile mill spiked with anaerobically digested biogas plant slurry employing Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 65(3), 412-419.","Gupta, R. and Garg, V.K., 2008. Stabilization of primary sewage sludge during vermicomposting. J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 430-439.","Jackson, M.L., 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.","Kaviraj and Sharma, S. 2003. Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of earthworms. Bioresour. Technol., 90, 169-173.","Khwairakpam, M. and Bhargava, R., 2009. Bioconversion of filter mud using vermicomposting employing two exotic and one local earthworm species. Bioresour. Technol., 100, 5846-5852.","Manivannan, S., 2005. Standardization and nutrient analysis of vermicomposting sugarcane wastes, press mud-trash-bagasse by Lampito mauritii and Perioynx excavatus and the effects of vermicompost on soil fertility and crop productivity, Ph.D. Dissertation, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.","Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R., Nigam, P., Soccol, V.T., Vandenberghe, L.P.S. and Mohan, R., 2000. Biotechnological potential of agro-industrial residues. II: cassava bagasse. Bioresour. Technol., 74(1), 81-87.","Pushpa S.M. and Manonmani, H.K., 2008. Bioconversion of Coffee Industry Wastes with White Rot Fungus Pleurotus florida. Res. J. Environ. Sci., 2, 145-150.","Sharma, A., Saha, T.N., Arora, A., Shah, R and Nain, L. 2017. Efficient microorganism compost benefits plant growth and improves soil health in Calendula and Marigold. Horticult. Plant J., 3(2), 67-72.","Suthar, S., 2009. Vermistabilization of municipal sewage sludge amended with sugarcane trash using epigeic Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). J. Hazard. Mat., 163: 199-206.","Suthar, S. and Singh, S. 2008.Vermicomposting of domestic waste by using two epigeic earthworms (Perionyx excavates and Perionyx sansibaricus). Int. J. Envion. Sci. Tecnol., 5(1), 99-106.","Tiquia, S.M., 2005., Microbial parameters as indicators of compost maturity. J. Appl. Microbiol., 99, 816-828."]}

The growing scarcity of fresh water source is driving the implementation of desalination on an increasingly large scale. The idea of using renewable energy source is fundamentally attractive and many studies have been conducted in this area. Solar distillation is one of the promising effect that uses solar radiation effectively to produce fresh water. Since there are various methods of solar distillation depending upon various factors, the number of slopes of glazing cover is one of the key factor. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental work performed on a double slope and multi sloped (four) solar still. In this work, additional slopes is incorporated with conventional double slope still to analyze the performance. Double and four sloped solar stills are fabricated with the area of 1.4 m2 and would be tested under same operating parameters and same climatic conditions. In these experiments the fresh water productivity is 3.9 liters for multi sloped still with 29.5% efficiency while for double slope the productivity is 3.1 litres with efficiency of 25.08%. The results indicates that the productivity and efficiency of fresh water will increase for more slopes up to certain limit. &nbsp

Department of Chemistry, Gobi Arts & Science College, Gobichettipalayam-638 456, Tamilnadu, India Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore-641 020, Tamilnadu, India Manuscript received 16 April 2008, revised 25 August 2008, accepted 2 September 2008 Complexes of the type [RuCI(CO)(B)(L)] (B = PPh3, AsPh3, py or pip; L = monobasic tridentate Schiff base) have been synthesized by the reaction of equimolar amounts of [RuHCI(CO)(EPh3)2(B)] and Schiff bases in benzene. The resulting complexes have been characterized by analytical and spectral (IR, electronic, NMR) data. An octahedral structure has been assigned to all these complexes. The new complexes have been exhibit catalytic activity for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol in the presence of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide as co-oxidant.

Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore-641 020, Tamilnadu, India E-mail : vchinnusamy@yahoo.com Manuscript received 29 April 2008, revised 29 July 2008, accepted 1 August 2008 A series of ruthenium(II) Schiff base complexes of the type [RuCI(CO)(B)(L)] (where B = PPh3/AsPh3/py/pip; L = monobasic tridente Schiff base ligands) were synthesized and characterized. These complexes catalyze oxidation of alcohols with up to 64.17% in the presence of N-methyl morpholine-N-oxide (NMO) as co-oxidant. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity of these complexes was tested against the growth of bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and Salmonella typhi. An octahedral structure has been proposed for all of the new complexes.