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Rivulus parlettei spec. nov. from south eastern Peru (Departamento Cusco) is described. It is a member of the R. limoncochae group (as diagnosed by Costa, 2010) and differs from all the other species of this assemblage by its unique colour pattern and different morphology. It is distinguished from its geographic neighbour R. christinae by irregular interrupted lines of dots wider than the interspaces on body sides (versus longitudinal rows of dots forming stripes narrower than the interspaces). The infl uence of the occupation of distinct microhabitats for the radiation of the clades and the possible process of speciation of the new species are briefl y discussed.

Nothobranchius cf. melanospilus Nothobranchius cf. melanospilus. TAN 97-18, MRAC AO-071-P-0227-0229, 36 km SW of Masasi, 10��53.85' S, 38��33.02' E; R.Wildekamp et al., 6 April 1997.Nothobranchius cf. melanospilus. TAN 97-19, MRAC AO-071-P-0234- 0237, 69 km west of Masasi, 10��55.73' S, 38��17.05' E; R.Wildekamp et al., 6 April 1997.Nothobranchius cf. melanospilus. TAN 97-20, MRAC AO-071-P-0249-0256, 124 km west of Masasi, 10��55.28' S, 37��52.19'E; R.Wildekamp et al., 6 April 1997., Published as part of Stefano Valdesalici, 2007, A new species of the genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal area of northeastern Mozambique., pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 1587 on page 62