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Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. Fen Luo & Quanxi Wang (LM Figs 1–14, SEM Figs 15–24) Description:— LM: Valves elliptico-lanceolate or rhomboid with slightly undulate margins. Apices narrowly rounded and moderately protracted. Valve length 43–55 μm, breadth 11–14 μm (n=30). The longitudinal ribs slightly curved. On the valve face, the striation patterns are weakly discernible under LM. Striae absent within the central area, forming a dumbbell-shaped hyaline zone (Figs 1–14). SEM: External view, the striae parallel at the valve center and slightly convergent towards the apices, with 36–40 striae per 10 μm (Fig. 15). Striae wavy along the length of the valve (Figs 15–16). The valve ends circumradiated by one or two rows of areolae (Figs 18–19). Areolae rounded to elliptical at the valve center and more slit-like distally, with 33–36 areolae per 10 μm (Figs 17–18). Striae absent within the central area, forming a dumbbell-shaped hyaline zone (Figs 16–17). The raphe is filiform, and both the proximal and the terminal raphe ends are T-shaped (Figs 17–19). Internal view, areolae have circular to rectangular hymenes (Fig. 22). Both the longitudinal ribs and the raphe slightly curved (Fig. 20), while both proximal and terminal raphe ends are straight (Figs 21–24). At the apices, the longitudinal ribs and the helictoglossae fuse to form a small porte-crayon (Fig. 24). Type: — CHINA. Sichuan Province: Hengduan Mountains, Q.X. Wang, F. Luo and colleagues, August 2015 (holotype SHTU! SC201508131, Biology Department Diatom Herbarium, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China = Fig. 2. Isotype YXNU! SC201508131, Biology Department Diatom Herbarium, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China). Etymology: —The species is named for its type locality in the Hengduan Mountains. Ecology: —All samples were collected from fen peat and a stream fen at elevations of 4160–4750 m asl in freshwater at 5.3–15.3 °C, with pH 6.9–8.1, salinity 0.01–0.08 ‰, and conductivity 20–91 μs∙ cm-1.. Distribution: —This species is known from five samples collected in the Haizi Mountain Reserve, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, China (slide nos. SC201508127, SC201508128, SC201508131, SC201508132, and SC201508137) and from one sample collected in Zuogong County, Tibet (slide no. HDS201810304).

Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. Fen Luo & Quanxi Wang (LM Figs 1–14, SEM Figs 15–24) Description:— LM: Valves elliptico-lanceolate or rhomboid with slightly undulate margins. Apices narrowly rounded and moderately protracted. Valve length 43–55 μm, breadth 11–14 μm (n=30). The longitudinal ribs slightly curved. On the valve face, the striation patterns are weakly discernible under LM. Striae absent within the central area, forming a dumbbell-shaped hyaline zone (Figs 1–14). SEM: External view, the striae parallel at the valve center and slightly convergent towards the apices, with 36–40 striae per 10 μm (Fig. 15). Striae wavy along the length of the valve (Figs 15–16). The valve ends circumradiated by one or two rows of areolae (Figs 18–19). Areolae rounded to elliptical at the valve center and more slit-like distally, with 33–36 areolae per 10 μm (Figs 17–18). Striae absent within the central area, forming a dumbbell-shaped hyaline zone (Figs 16–17). The raphe is filiform, and both the proximal and the terminal raphe ends are T-shaped (Figs 17–19). Internal view, areolae have circular to rectangular hymenes (Fig. 22). Both the longitudinal ribs and the raphe slightly curved (Fig. 20), while both proximal and terminal raphe ends are straight (Figs 21–24). At the apices, the longitudinal ribs and the helictoglossae fuse to form a small porte-crayon (Fig. 24). Type: — CHINA. Sichuan Province: Hengduan Mountains, Q.X. Wang, F. Luo and colleagues, August 2015 (holotype SHTU! SC201508131, Biology Department Diatom Herbarium, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China = Fig. 2. Isotype YXNU! SC201508131, Biology Department Diatom Herbarium, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China). Etymology: —The species is named for its type locality in the Hengduan Mountains. Ecology: —All samples were collected from fen peat and a stream fen at elevations of 4160–4750 m asl in freshwater at 5.3–15.3 °C, with pH 6.9–8.1, salinity 0.01–0.08 ‰, and conductivity 20–91 μs∙ cm-1.. Distribution: —This species is known from five samples collected in the Haizi Mountain Reserve, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, China (slide nos. SC201508127, SC201508128, SC201508131, SC201508132, and SC201508137) and from one sample collected in Zuogong County, Tibet (slide no. HDS201810304)., Published as part of Luo, Fen, You, Qingmin, Yu, Pan & Wang, Quanxi, 2022, Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Hengduan Mountains, China, pp. 193-199 in Phytotaxa 559 (2) on pages 195-196, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.559.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7021627

Gomphoneis stoermeri Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 67–83; figure 68 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071015! holotype illustrated in figure 68). In LM, valves linear-clavate with a prominent tumid swelling at the center, headpole narrowly rounded and footpole rounded. Length 36.0– 54.7 µm, breadth 5.9–7.6 µm. Axial area narrow, expanded to form a small, round to elliptical central area, stigmoids wanting. Raphe straight, filiform, with external proximal ends dilated slightly and external distal raphe ends extending straight to the terminus. Internal distal raphe ends are indistinct. Costate striae 10–13/ 10 µm, arched and strongly radiate around the center, with 1–2 shortened striae on either side of the central area. Striae towards the headpole become parallel and nearly convergent towards the terminus. Towards the footpole striae are radiate to parallel. Septa and pseudosepta indistinct. Apical pore fields bisected, distinct at the footpole. In the SEM the valve exterior has striae composed of two rows of small, round puncta (Figs 78–80). At the headpole, the striae continue from the valve face to the mantle (Fig. 78), while at the footpole the porelli of the apical pore field are organized similar to the striae, but more condensed (Fig. 80). At the center of the valve striae are doubly-punctate at the margin, but taper and near the center of the valve are uniseriate (Fig. 79). The raphe is straight, with proximal ends dilated and tear-drop shaped (Fig. 79), while at the poles the distal ends are deflected slightly and extend onto the mantle (Figs 78, 80). Internally, the proximal raphe ends are short and deflected in the same direction near the ends of the raised central nodule (Figs 77, 82). Around the central area the uniseriate portions of the striae are seen to have thickenings (Fig. 82). The apices have distinct helictoglossae and pseudosepta (Figs 81, 83). Internal ribs separate apical pore field porelli into rows (Fig. 83). Etymology:— Named in honor of Dr. Eugene F. Stoermer, who was interested in diatom research in China and published extensively on the genus Gomphoneis. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1).

Gomphoneis basiorobusta Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 55 –66; figure 56 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071018! holotype illustrated in figure 56). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate, tumid at the center, tapering to rounded headpole and footpole, the footpole is slightly wider than the headpole. Length 28.5–52.0 µm, breadth 5.0– 8.2 µm. Axial area narrow, broadening to form a bow-tie shaped central area. Stigmoids wanting. Central area bordered by 2–3 shortened striae on either side. Raphe straight, slightly lateral, with external proximal ends dilated and extending slightly into the central area, internal proximal raphe ends tightly recurved. External distal raphe ends extend straight to the valve terminus, while internal distal raphe ends are positioned well from the valve terminus. Costate striae arched and strongly radiate about the center, becoming parallel to slightly convergent towards the headpole, parallel to radiate towards the footpole. Striae number 13–15/ 10 µm. Septa and pseudosepta present. Apical pore fields distinct. In the SEM, G. basirobusta has very similar valve morphology with the species with which it is found. Striae are composed of two rows of small, round puncta. Around the center of the valve the striae taper and have single rows of puncta (Fig. 64). At the footpole, the apical pore field porelli are round like the puncta and also distinctly organized into double rows (Fig. 66). The raphe has a subtle dilation at the proximal ends (Fig. 64), and is slightly deflected before bisecting the bilobed apical pore fields (Fig. 66). Internally, the center of the valve shows recurved proximal raphe ends situated on a small, linear central nodule (Figs 61, 62). Striae can be seen to be singly punctate around the center (Fig. 62). The internal structure of the single rows of puncta are more pronounced, bordered by thickenings (Fig. 62). At each apex a prominent pseudoseptum and helictoglossa is present (Figs 63, 65). The apical pore field has structural separations of porelli, creating double rows similar to, but more condensed than, the striae (Fig. 65). Etymology:— The species is named for its pronounced footpole. Distribution and ecology:— Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3600m, pH 8.6, collected in the lake by plankton net. (summarized in Table 1)., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594

Gomphoneis subtiloides Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 1 –14; figure 3 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071014! holotype illustrated in figure 3). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate with headpole incised to weakly capitate and rounded, and broadly rounded footpole. Length 35.0–63.0 µm, breadth 6.4–9.4 µm. Axial area narrow, straight, expanded at the center to form a broad, rectangular central area bordering at the margins by 2–4 approximately equally-shortened striae. Stigmoids in the central area lacking. Raphe lateral, weakly undulate, with external proximal ends dilated, rounded, extending into central area; external distal raphe ends extending straight to valve terminus at both poles. Internal proximal raphe ends small, deflected in the same direction, while internal distal raphe ends ("terminal nodules") are distinct, positioned well before valve terminus. Costate striae number 11–13 in 10 µm, arched about center of valve, strongly radiate, becoming parallel towards poles. Septa and pseudosepta prominent. Apical pore fields relatively large, distinct. In the SEM, the valve exterior (Figs 7–11) has doubly-punctate or biseriate striae that terminate as single rows around the center area (Fig. 10). The proximal raphe ends are dilated and appear rounded (Fig. 10). At the headpole, the striae are composed of two alternating rows of striae (Fig. 9); some puncta are slit like and form a single slit-like punctum (Fig. 9). The distal raphe ends extend on to the mantle (Fig. 9). The footpole (Fig. 11) has a large apical pore field with the porelli the same size and structure as the puncta. The porelli are organized into rows, which are much closer together than the striae; they are located next to the striae, and are therefore undifferentiated structurally and spatially from them. There is a slight bend in the distal raphe end, before it bisects the apical pore field and extends onto the valve mantle (Fig. 11). In rare cases, the striae will branch (Fig. 8). Internally, the raphe is positioned on a raised rib and the proximal ends are recurved along the outer edges of the raised central nodule (Fig. 13). The central area is expanded and unornamented, except near the margin (Fig. 13). The striae are wide and formed by two rows of puncta. The striae around the central area taper towards the center and terminate in one row of puncta (Fig. 13). At both the headpole (Fig. 12) and footpole (Fig. 14) the helictoglossae are prominent, positioned in line with the raphe; there is a distinct pseudoseptum (Fig. 14). Etymology:— The species name is based on the outline of the valve being similar to Gomphonema subtile Ehrenb. (1843: 416). Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1). Observations:— Gomphoneis subtiloides differs from G. pseudosubtiloides in having a less capitate headpole.

Gomphoneis basiorobusta Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 55 –66; figure 56 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071018! holotype illustrated in figure 56). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate, tumid at the center, tapering to rounded headpole and footpole, the footpole is slightly wider than the headpole. Length 28.5–52.0 µm, breadth 5.0– 8.2 µm. Axial area narrow, broadening to form a bow-tie shaped central area. Stigmoids wanting. Central area bordered by 2–3 shortened striae on either side. Raphe straight, slightly lateral, with external proximal ends dilated and extending slightly into the central area, internal proximal raphe ends tightly recurved. External distal raphe ends extend straight to the valve terminus, while internal distal raphe ends are positioned well from the valve terminus. Costate striae arched and strongly radiate about the center, becoming parallel to slightly convergent towards the headpole, parallel to radiate towards the footpole. Striae number 13–15/ 10 µm. Septa and pseudosepta present. Apical pore fields distinct. In the SEM, G. basirobusta has very similar valve morphology with the species with which it is found. Striae are composed of two rows of small, round puncta. Around the center of the valve the striae taper and have single rows of puncta (Fig. 64). At the footpole, the apical pore field porelli are round like the puncta and also distinctly organized into double rows (Fig. 66). The raphe has a subtle dilation at the proximal ends (Fig. 64), and is slightly deflected before bisecting the bilobed apical pore fields (Fig. 66). Internally, the center of the valve shows recurved proximal raphe ends situated on a small, linear central nodule (Figs 61, 62). Striae can be seen to be singly punctate around the center (Fig. 62). The internal structure of the single rows of puncta are more pronounced, bordered by thickenings (Fig. 62). At each apex a prominent pseudoseptum and helictoglossa is present (Figs 63, 65). The apical pore field has structural separations of porelli, creating double rows similar to, but more condensed than, the striae (Fig. 65). Etymology:— The species is named for its pronounced footpole. Distribution and ecology:— Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3600m, pH 8.6, collected in the lake by plankton net. (summarized in Table 1).

Gomphoneis rostratoides Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 84 –96; figure 84 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071016! holotype illustrated in figure 84). In LM, valves linear-clavate with a slightly tumid swelling at the center, headpole rounded and footpole rounded. Length 35.8–45.0 µm, breadth 5.9–6.0 µm. Axial area narrow, expanded to form a small, round to elliptical central area, stigmoids wanting. Raphe straight, filiform, with external proximal ends dilated slightly and external distal raphe ends extending straight to the terminus. Internal distal raphe ends are indistinct. Costate striae 12–14/ 10 µm, arched and strongly radiate around the center, with 1–2 shortened striae on either side of the central area. Striae towards the headpole become parallel and nearly convergent towards the terminus. Towards the footpole striae are radiate to parallel. Septa and pseudosepta indistinct. Apical pore fields bisected, distinct at the footpole. In the SEM, the valve exterior is similar to other species described herein within respect to the striae structure around the center, where striae go from being biseriate to uniseriate (Fig. 92), and elsewhere on the valve. Apical pore fields are bilobed and the porelli appear to be similar in size or even larger than the puncta, and forming distinct rows (Fig. 93). The raphe is deflected slightly at the poles (Figs 91, 93), but the distal ends do not extend all the way to the end of the mantle (Fig. 93). The same is true for the valve interior, where the apices have prominent helictoglossae and pseudosepta (Figs 94, 96) and apical pore fields have thin subdivisions (Fig. 96). The central striae have internal thickenings around the uniseriate portion of the striae and the central nodule has the proximal raphe ends that are deflected in the same direction (Fig. 95). Etymology:— The species is named for its rostrate headpole. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1).

Gomphoneis subtiloides Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 1 –14; figure 3 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071014! holotype illustrated in figure 3). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate with headpole incised to weakly capitate and rounded, and broadly rounded footpole. Length 35.0–63.0 µm, breadth 6.4–9.4 µm. Axial area narrow, straight, expanded at the center to form a broad, rectangular central area bordering at the margins by 2–4 approximately equally-shortened striae. Stigmoids in the central area lacking. Raphe lateral, weakly undulate, with external proximal ends dilated, rounded, extending into central area; external distal raphe ends extending straight to valve terminus at both poles. Internal proximal raphe ends small, deflected in the same direction, while internal distal raphe ends ("terminal nodules") are distinct, positioned well before valve terminus. Costate striae number 11–13 in 10 µm, arched about center of valve, strongly radiate, becoming parallel towards poles. Septa and pseudosepta prominent. Apical pore fields relatively large, distinct. In the SEM, the valve exterior (Figs 7–11) has doubly-punctate or biseriate striae that terminate as single rows around the center area (Fig. 10). The proximal raphe ends are dilated and appear rounded (Fig. 10). At the headpole, the striae are composed of two alternating rows of striae (Fig. 9); some puncta are slit like and form a single slit-like punctum (Fig. 9). The distal raphe ends extend on to the mantle (Fig. 9). The footpole (Fig. 11) has a large apical pore field with the porelli the same size and structure as the puncta. The porelli are organized into rows, which are much closer together than the striae; they are located next to the striae, and are therefore undifferentiated structurally and spatially from them. There is a slight bend in the distal raphe end, before it bisects the apical pore field and extends onto the valve mantle (Fig. 11). In rare cases, the striae will branch (Fig. 8). Internally, the raphe is positioned on a raised rib and the proximal ends are recurved along the outer edges of the raised central nodule (Fig. 13). The central area is expanded and unornamented, except near the margin (Fig. 13). The striae are wide and formed by two rows of puncta. The striae around the central area taper towards the center and terminate in one row of puncta (Fig. 13). At both the headpole (Fig. 12) and footpole (Fig. 14) the helictoglossae are prominent, positioned in line with the raphe; there is a distinct pseudoseptum (Fig. 14). Etymology:— The species name is based on the outline of the valve being similar to Gomphonema subtile Ehrenb. (1843: 416). Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1). Observations:— Gomphoneis subtiloides differs from G. pseudosubtiloides in having a less capitate headpole., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594

Gomphoneis xinjiangiana Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 39 –54; figure 42 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071014! holotype illustrated in figure 42). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate with headpole tapering and narrowly rounded and footpole tapering and slightly broader than headpole, rounded to squarish in shape. Length 22.4–32.7 µm, breadth 5.3–6.3 µm. Axial area narrow, straight, expanded at the center to form a bow-tie shaped central bordered on either side by 2–3 shortened striae on the margins. Stigmoids in the central area wanting. Raphe is weakly lateral and undulate, with external proximal ends dilated extending slightly into the central area, and external distal raphe ends extended straight to the valve terminus at both poles. Internal distal raphe ends ("terminal nodules") are distinct, positioned well before the valve terminus. Costate striae number 14–16/ 10 µm, are arched about the center of the valve and radiate, becoming parallel towards the headpole and weakly radiate towards the footpole. Septa and pseudosepta are indistinct. Apical pore fields bilobed and present at the footpole. In the SEM, the valve exterior has striae composed of double rows of small, round puncta that alternate (Figs 49–51). These striae terminate at double rows along the axial area (Figs 49, 51), except at the center where they taper and go from double to single rows of puncta (Fig. 50). Striae continue from the valve face to the mantle. The raphe is straight, with proximal ends dilated (Fig. 50) and distal ends deflected slightly and continue onto the mantle (Figs 49, 51). The apical pore fields are composed on of round porelli that are the same size or slightly larger than the puncta. Porelli are organized into double rows, but much more condensed than the puncta (Fig. 51). Internally, the raphe is located in the axial area that becomes raised near the rounded central nodule (Fig. 48). The proximal raphe ends terminate on the edges of the central nodule (Fig. 53). Striae around the centeral area terminate as single rows of areolae (Fig. 53). Prominent pseudosepta and helictoglossae are evident at the ends of the valve (Figs 52, 54). The apical pore fields are seen to have divisions between rows of porelli, but the divisions are thinner than interstriae (Fig. 54). Etymology:— The species is named for Xinjiang Province, in which it was found. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1)., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594

Gomphoneis pseudosubtiloides Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 15 –25; figure 16 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071015! holotype illustrated in figure 16). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate with broadly capitate headpole and broadly rounded footpole. Length 45.4– 51.0 µm, breadth 8.1–8.6 µm. Axial area narrow, straight, expanded at the center to form a broad, rectangular central area bordering at the margins by 2–3 approximately equally-shortened striae. Stigmoids in the central area wanting. Raphe lateral, weakly undulate, with external proximal ends dilated, rounded, extending into the central area, and external distal raphe ends extended straight to the valve terminus at both poles. Internal proximal raphe ends small, deflected in the same direction, while internal distal raphe ends ("terminal nodules") are distinct, positioned well before the valve terminus. Costate striae number 9–12/ 10 µm, are arched about the center of the valve and strongly radiate, becoming parallel towards the poles. Septa and pseudosepta prominent. Apical pore fields relatively large, distinct. In the SEM, the exterior around the central area has doubly-punctate striae tapering to finer striae with single rows of puncta. Proximal raphe ends are dilated and circular (Fig. 21). At the headpole, the raphe does not bend and proceeds onto the valve mantle. The wide striae have round puncta arranged in two rows (Fig. 20). At the footpole, the porelli appear to be arranged in double rows, similar in appearance to the puncta, but condensed as to be a finer density. The distal raphe end extends onto the valve mantle (Fig. 22). Internally, the raphe lies atop a ridge (Fig. 19). The central area is undifferentiated, and the proximal raphe ends are recurved along the raised central nodule. The striae are seen to be composed of double rows near the margin, single rows near the central area (Fig. 24). Narrow pseudosepta are present at the poles, and the helictoglossae are prominent (Figs 23, 25). Striae are composed of double rows of puncta along their entire length. At the footpole, the narrow interstriae are evident separating the rows of porelli (Fig. 25). Etymology:— The species name is based on its resemblance to G. subtiloides. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1)., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594

Gomphoneis stoermeri Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 67–83; figure 68 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071015! holotype illustrated in figure 68). In LM, valves linear-clavate with a prominent tumid swelling at the center, headpole narrowly rounded and footpole rounded. Length 36.0– 54.7 µm, breadth 5.9–7.6 µm. Axial area narrow, expanded to form a small, round to elliptical central area, stigmoids wanting. Raphe straight, filiform, with external proximal ends dilated slightly and external distal raphe ends extending straight to the terminus. Internal distal raphe ends are indistinct. Costate striae 10–13/ 10 µm, arched and strongly radiate around the center, with 1–2 shortened striae on either side of the central area. Striae towards the headpole become parallel and nearly convergent towards the terminus. Towards the footpole striae are radiate to parallel. Septa and pseudosepta indistinct. Apical pore fields bisected, distinct at the footpole. In the SEM the valve exterior has striae composed of two rows of small, round puncta (Figs 78–80). At the headpole, the striae continue from the valve face to the mantle (Fig. 78), while at the footpole the porelli of the apical pore field are organized similar to the striae, but more condensed (Fig. 80). At the center of the valve striae are doubly-punctate at the margin, but taper and near the center of the valve are uniseriate (Fig. 79). The raphe is straight, with proximal ends dilated and tear-drop shaped (Fig. 79), while at the poles the distal ends are deflected slightly and extend onto the mantle (Figs 78, 80). Internally, the proximal raphe ends are short and deflected in the same direction near the ends of the raised central nodule (Figs 77, 82). Around the central area the uniseriate portions of the striae are seen to have thickenings (Fig. 82). The apices have distinct helictoglossae and pseudosepta (Figs 81, 83). Internal ribs separate apical pore field porelli into rows (Fig. 83). Etymology:— Named in honor of Dr. Eugene F. Stoermer, who was interested in diatom research in China and published extensively on the genus Gomphoneis. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1)., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594

Gomphoneis xinjiangiana Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 39 –54; figure 42 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071014! holotype illustrated in figure 42). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate with headpole tapering and narrowly rounded and footpole tapering and slightly broader than headpole, rounded to squarish in shape. Length 22.4–32.7 µm, breadth 5.3–6.3 µm. Axial area narrow, straight, expanded at the center to form a bow-tie shaped central bordered on either side by 2–3 shortened striae on the margins. Stigmoids in the central area wanting. Raphe is weakly lateral and undulate, with external proximal ends dilated extending slightly into the central area, and external distal raphe ends extended straight to the valve terminus at both poles. Internal distal raphe ends ("terminal nodules") are distinct, positioned well before the valve terminus. Costate striae number 14–16/ 10 µm, are arched about the center of the valve and radiate, becoming parallel towards the headpole and weakly radiate towards the footpole. Septa and pseudosepta are indistinct. Apical pore fields bilobed and present at the footpole. In the SEM, the valve exterior has striae composed of double rows of small, round puncta that alternate (Figs 49–51). These striae terminate at double rows along the axial area (Figs 49, 51), except at the center where they taper and go from double to single rows of puncta (Fig. 50). Striae continue from the valve face to the mantle. The raphe is straight, with proximal ends dilated (Fig. 50) and distal ends deflected slightly and continue onto the mantle (Figs 49, 51). The apical pore fields are composed on of round porelli that are the same size or slightly larger than the puncta. Porelli are organized into double rows, but much more condensed than the puncta (Fig. 51). Internally, the raphe is located in the axial area that becomes raised near the rounded central nodule (Fig. 48). The proximal raphe ends terminate on the edges of the central nodule (Fig. 53). Striae around the centeral area terminate as single rows of areolae (Fig. 53). Prominent pseudosepta and helictoglossae are evident at the ends of the valve (Figs 52, 54). The apical pore fields are seen to have divisions between rows of porelli, but the divisions are thinner than interstriae (Fig. 54). Etymology:— The species is named for Xinjiang Province, in which it was found. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1).

You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick, Wang, Quanxi (2013): New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China. Phytotaxa 103 (1): 1-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1

Gomphoneis qii Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 26–38; figure 27 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Bulunkou Township, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071013! holotype illustrated in figure 27). In LM, valves lanceolate-clavate with headpole slightly protracted and broadly rounded, footpole tapered and narrowly rounded. Length 39.0–42.0 µm, breadth 6.5–7.0 µm. Axial area narrow, straight, expanded laterally at the center to form a broad, rectangular central area. Stigmoids in the central area wanting. Raphe barely lateral, weakly undulate, with external proximal ends dilated slightly, and extending near the central area, and external distal raphe ends straight, extended to the valve terminus at both poles. Internal proximal raphe ends small, tightly recurved in the same direction, while internal distal raphe ends ("terminal nodules") are positioned well before the valve terminus. Costate striae number 10–12/ 10 µm, are arched or straight about the center of the valve and radiate, becoming straight and radiate to parallel towards the poles. Septa and pseudosepta evident at the poles. Apical pore fields indistinct. On the valve exterior, SEM observations show striae composed on small, round puncta with two rows of alternating puncta (Figs 31–34). While striae terminate in a single punctum at the axial area (Figs 33, 34), only at the central area do they taper and have more than one row of puncta (Fig. 33). The raphe has dilated proximal ends at the center, and the distal ends extend straight onto the valve at both ends (Figs 31, 33). The apical pore fields are composed of round porelli, similar in shape to the puncta. The apical pore fields are present on the valve face and extend onto the mantle (Fig. 34). Internally, the raphe is located on the raised sternum (Fig. 35), while the proximal ends are recurved opposite on another at the border of the central nodule (Figs 35, 37). Helictoglossae and pseudosepta are prominent at the ends (Figs 36, 38). The helictoglossae are positioned on line with the raphe slit (Fig. 38). Etymology:— Named for Prof. Yuzao Qi, Jinan University, China, for his pioneering work on the diatoms of Chin, and for his continued support of diatom research, and to celebrate the occasion of his 80 th birthday. Distribution and ecology:— Bulunkou Township, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3200m, pH 9.6, collected from an unnamed puddle, epiphytic on aquatic vascular plants (summarized in Table 1)., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594

Gomphoneis rostratoides Q. You & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 84 –96; figure 84 is holotype) Type:— CHINA. Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains (SHTU, slide XJ-071016! holotype illustrated in figure 84). In LM, valves linear-clavate with a slightly tumid swelling at the center, headpole rounded and footpole rounded. Length 35.8–45.0 µm, breadth 5.9–6.0 µm. Axial area narrow, expanded to form a small, round to elliptical central area, stigmoids wanting. Raphe straight, filiform, with external proximal ends dilated slightly and external distal raphe ends extending straight to the terminus. Internal distal raphe ends are indistinct. Costate striae 12–14/ 10 µm, arched and strongly radiate around the center, with 1–2 shortened striae on either side of the central area. Striae towards the headpole become parallel and nearly convergent towards the terminus. Towards the footpole striae are radiate to parallel. Septa and pseudosepta indistinct. Apical pore fields bisected, distinct at the footpole. In the SEM, the valve exterior is similar to other species described herein within respect to the striae structure around the center, where striae go from being biseriate to uniseriate (Fig. 92), and elsewhere on the valve. Apical pore fields are bilobed and the porelli appear to be similar in size or even larger than the puncta, and forming distinct rows (Fig. 93). The raphe is deflected slightly at the poles (Figs 91, 93), but the distal ends do not extend all the way to the end of the mantle (Fig. 93). The same is true for the valve interior, where the apices have prominent helictoglossae and pseudosepta (Figs 94, 96) and apical pore fields have thin subdivisions (Fig. 96). The central striae have internal thickenings around the uniseriate portion of the striae and the central nodule has the proximal raphe ends that are deflected in the same direction (Fig. 95). Etymology:— The species is named for its rostrate headpole. Distribution and ecology:— Little Kalakule Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang, China, altitude 3300m, pH 9.0, collected in the wetland near the lake (summarized in Table 1)., Published as part of You, Qingmin, Kociolek, John Patrick & Wang, Quanxi, 2013, New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 103 (1) on pages 17-19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5077594