Search

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. Coleoptera represent a huge assemblage of holometabolous insects, including as a whole more than 200 recognized families and some 400,000 described species worldwide. Basic information is summarized on their biology, ecology, economic relevance, and estimated number of undescribed species worldwide. Little less than 30,000 species are listed from Europe. The Coleoptera 2 section of the Fauna Europaea database (Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga excl. the series Elateriformia, Scarabaeiformia, Staphyliniformia and the superfamily Curculionoidea) encompasses 80 families (according to the previously accepted family-level systematic framework) and approximately 13,000 species. Tabulations included a complete list of the families dealt with, the number of species in each, the names of all involved specialists, and, when possible, an estimate of the gaps in terms of total number of species at an European level. A list of some recent useful references is appended. Most families included in the Coleoptera 2 Section have been updated in the most recent release of the Fauna Europaea index, or are ready to be updated as soon as the FaEu data management environment completes its migration from Zoological Museum Amsterdam to Berlin Museum für Naturkunde.

Trizzino, Marco, Carnevali, Lucilla, Felici, Stefano De, Audisio, Paolo (2013): A revision of Hydraena species of the "Haenydra" lineage (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3607 (1): 1-173, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3607.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3607.1.1

Trizzino, Marco, Valladares, Luis F., Garrido, Josefina, Audisio, Paolo (2012): Morphological reply to a DNA call: a new cryptic species of Hydraena from western Europe, with a complete overview of the Hydraena gracilis complex (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae: "Haenydra" lineage). Journal of Natural History 46 (17-18): 1065-1078, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.651652, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.651652

Hydraena fosterorum n. sp. Trizzino, Jäch & Ribera (Figs 5–8) Type locality. Spain, Burgos province, Fresneda de la Sierra, Tirón river, 1085 m a.s.l., N 42 º 16 ’ 46.2 ” W 3 º 7 ’56.0”. Type material. Holotype male (MNCN): "ES Burgos 22.10. 2004 / Fresneda de la Sierra: r. Tirón / N 42 º 16 ’ 46.2 ” W 3 º 7 ’56.0” / 1085m I.Ribera leg.". Paratypes (129 specimens: BMNH, CSR, IBE, MNCN, NMW): 8 males and 4 females same locality and data as holotype; one male used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN-AI 282. 4 males and 8 females Spain, La Rioja province, Logroño, Posadas, Río Oja, 1159 m, N 42 º 12 ’36.0” W 3 º 4 ’ 27.8 ” 23.10.0 4 Ribera leg.; one male used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN –AI 481. 8 males and 5 females Spain, La Rioja province, Logroño, Posadas, Río Oja, artificial pool, 1200 m, N 42 º 12 ’36.0” W 3 º 4 ’ 27.8 ” 23.10.0 4 Ribera leg. 33 males and 52 females Spain, Burgos, Fresneda de la Sierra Tirón, Río Tirón, N 42 º 16 ’ 46.2 ” W 3 º 7 ’56.0”, 1100 m, 15.8. 1994, Fresneda leg. 1 male Spain, Soria, Vinuesa, 2km Pto. Sta. Inés, 16.7. 1991, Fery leg. 1 female Spain, Soria, Vinuesa, Laguna Negra, 13.6. 1990, Fresneda leg. 3 males and 1 female Spain, Zaragoza, Moncayo, Fuente del Pedregal, 9.4. 1993, Fresneda leg. 1 female Spain, Zaragoza, Moncayo, entre Veruela y Na. Sierra Del Moncayo, 9.4. 1993, Fresneda leg. Description. 2.15–2.30 mm long. Male habitus as in Hydraena diazi. Aedeagus (Fig. 5): Length of main piece 555 μm (holotype), with four setae, three on left side and one very reduced (typical of members of the H. emarginata – saga complex) on right side. Apex distinctly more rounded than in related species (including H. diazi); pre–apical dorsal incision absent. Apical half of the main piece in right side view markedly more curved and wider (about 1.3 times) than in H. saga and H. alpicola (Figs 5, 9, 10). Pre–basal tooth not very prominent, phallobase symmetrical in ventral view. Distal lobe as in H. saga and H. alpicola, seemingly without variability in size. Gonocoxite and female tergite X as in Figs 6 –7. Secondary sexual characters: male elytral apices conjointly rounded, with a small sutural notch. Distal third of female elytral apices very widely explanate (Fig. 8), conjointly rounded, with a very large sutural notch (resembling H. samnitica and H. pangaei). Female ventrites V and VI with fringe of long setae. Male ventrite VI enlarged. Male mesotibia with a row of ca. eight minute denticles along mesial face of posterior half. Male metatibia with fringe of long setae along mesial face of posterior half. Male tergite X as in H. saga and related species. Differential diagnosis. H. fosterorum is cleary related to H. diazi, H. saga, H. larissae, H. emarginata, and H. alpicola (see also fig. 12). The aedeagus of H. fosterorum (Fig. 5) could be easily distinguished from the other related species by the markedly curved and markedly wide distal half of the main piece, and from H. diazi (Fig. 1) by the rounded apex of the main piece and by the absence of the small dorsal pre–distal V–shaped incision. The aedeagus of H. emarginata (Fig. 11) can be distinguished also by its distinctly larger size (PL: 610–665 µm), and by the distinctly larger distal lobe. Moreover, H. fosterorum could be easily distinguished from any other species of the H. emarginata – saga complex by the peculiar female elytral shape (Fig. 8). Distribution. H. fosterorum is known only from the north of the Iberian System mountains, in Sierra de la Demanda and del Moncayo (Fig. 13). Specimens from that region previously attributed to H. saga (e.g. Valladares et al. 2000) almost certainly belong to the new species. Etymology. We are pleased to dedicate this species to our friends Sue and Garth Foster, who accompanied IR when collecting some of the paratypes.

Hydraena diazi n. sp. Trizzino, J��ch & Ribera (Figs 1 ���4) Type locality. Spain, Barcelona province, Montseny, La Costa, Sot de Ritronyes, 620 m, N 41 �� 45 ��� 23.5 ��� E 2 �� 24 ��� 49.8 ���. Type material. Holotype male (MNCN): ���ES Barcelona, Montseny 10.9. 2006 / La Costa de M.: Sot de Ritronyes / 620m N 41 �� 45 ��� 23.5 ��� E 2 �� 24 ��� 49.8 ��� /Ribera, Hernando & Aguilera leg.���. Paratypes (58 specimens: CSR, IBE, MNCN, NMW): 6 males and 10 females same locality and data as holotype; one of the males used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN-AI 479. 2 males and 4 females Spain, Barcelona province, Montseny, Santa Fe del Montseny, road Turo del Home to Sot de Bernadal, 1134 m a.s.l., N 41 �� 45 ��� 45.2 ��� E 2 �� 26 ��� 55.0���, 23.7. 2005, Ribera leg. 2 males Spain, Guipuzkoa province, Oiartzun, 240 m a.s.l., N 43 �� 16 ��� 10.2 ��� W01�� 48 ��� 20.5 ���, 16.7. 2006, Ribera & Cieslak leg.; one used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN-AI 1011. 1 male and 1 female Spain, Girona province, Meranges, Fontanera, torrent de la Mata de l���Os, Ribera & Aguilera leg. 10.6. 1995. 1 male Spain, Barcelona, Bag��, Riera de Gr��ixer, N 38 �� 12 ��� 52.4 ��� E02�� 59 ��� 18.5 ���, 1000 m, 22.6. 1994, Fresneda leg. 5 males and 8 females Spain, Barcelona, Mosqueroles, Riera Ciuret, N 41 �� 43 ��� 50.5 ��� E02�� 26 ���04.2���, 440 m, 20.3. 1989, Fresneda leg. 1 male and 4 females Spain, Barcelona, Mosqueroles, Riera Ciuret, N 37 �� 46 ��� 20.5 ��� E03�� 21 ��� 34.8 ���, 440 m, 23.3. 1989, Fresneda leg. 1 male Spain, Vizcaya, Villaro, R��o Arratia, N 38 �� 55 ��� 45.9 E03�� 47 ��� 35.9 ���, 140 m, 5.6. 1985, Rico leg. 1 male and 6 females Spain, Lleida, Salard��-Naut Aran, Montgarri, N 38 �� 35 ��� 49.2 ��� E02�� 27 ��� 49.7 ���, 1650 m, 15.10. 1985, Fresneda leg. 1 female Spain, Lleida, Es Bordes, Artiga de Lin, N 42 �� 43 ���04.3��� E0�� 43 ��� 26.3 ���, 1012 m, 11.5. 1986, Fresneda leg. 2 males and 2 females Spain, Lleida, Vielha-Mig Aran, Boca nord t��nel de Vielha, N 38 �� 31 ��� 26.2 ��� E02�� 20 ��� 41.7 ���, 1510 m, 2.4. 1989, Fresneda leg. Additional material. 1 male France, Eastern Pyrenees, Les Angles. 1 male and 1 female France, Eastern Pyrenees, Larrau. 1 male France, Eastern Pyrenees, Suchon. 1 male France, Eastern Pyrenees, Gabas. 2 males Spain, Catalonia, Lleida. Description. 2.2���2.4 mm long. Head, pronotum and elytra dark brown to black, distal third of elytra in some specimens dark reddish brown to paler reddish brown. Palpi and legs paler reddish brown. Head: labrum with V���shaped notch anteriorly (but not as deep as in e.g. Hydraena larissae). Fronto���clypeal suture slightly arcuate, not strongly impressed. Middle of frons moderately densely punctate, lateral portion of frons very densely punctate, as in related species. Occipital ridge well developed. Eyes moderately large, maxillary palpi very long, about twice as long as distance between eyes. Pronotum wider than long, moderately cordiform, anterior margin emarginate, anterior angles more or less rounded. Lateral margin slightly denticulate. Disc slightly more convex than in Hydraena larissae, rather densely punctate near anterior and posterior margins, along midline and around posterior foveae. Foveae hardly impressed. Elytra elongate, parallel���sided, rather strongly declivous laterally. Nine rows of punctures between suture and shoulder. Strial punctures moderately large, slightly more deeply impressed than in H. saga and H. larissae. Explanate margin of elytra moderately wide, as in all members of the H. emarginata ��� saga complex. Mentum and submentum microreticulate. Posterior genal ridge not particularly prominent, mostly glabrous. Prosternum with indistinct median keel. Angles between mesoventral disc and mesoventral process small as in e.g. H. larissae and H. saga. Metaventral plaques well developed, divergent posteriorly. Glabrous areas behind metacoxal sockets not very pronounced; abdominal ventrites III���VI more or less entirely covered with hydrofuge pubescence, abdominal ventrites VII and VIII largely glabrous, as in related species. Aedeagus (Fig. 1): Length of main piece 572 ��m (holotype), with four setae, three on left side and one very reduced (typical of members of the H. emarginata ��� saga group) on right side. Apex distinctly more rounded than in H. saga and H. alpicola (Figs 9, 10); a peculiar and clearly visible small V���shaped incision on pre���apical dorsal side of main piece. Distal half of main piece in right side view markedly more curved and wider (about 1.3 times) than in H. saga. Pre���basal tooth not very prominent, phallobase symmetrical in ventral view. Distal lobe as in H. saga and H. alpicola, seemingly without variability in size. Gonocoxite and female tergite X as in Figs 2���3. Secondary sexual characters: male elytral apices conjointly rounded, with very small sutural notch. Female elytral apices slightly conjointly rounded (Fig. 4), with a more or less large sutural notch. Female ventrites V and VI with fringe of long setae. Male ventrite VI enlarged. Male mesotibia with a row of ca. eight minute denticles along mesial face of posterior half. Male metatibia with fringe of long setae along mesial face of posterior half. Male tergite X as in H. saga and related species. Differential diagnosis. H. diazi is clearly related to H. saga, H. larissae, H. emarginata, H. alpicola, and especially to the second new species described in this paper (see below; see also Fig. 12). The aedeagus of H. diazi (Fig. 1) could be easily distinguished from the other related species by the markedly curved and wide apical half of the main piece and by the peculiar distal apex of the main piece. The aedeagus of H. emarginata (Fig. 11) can be distinguished also by its distinctly larger size (PL: 610���665 ��m), and by the distinctly larger distal lobe. Distribution. H. diazi has a typical Pyrenean distribution, occurring in the southern (Spanish) and in the northern (French) side, and extending to some mountain massifs in Catalonia (Fig. 13). All Pyrenean specimens previously attributed to H. saga almost certainly belong to H. diazi. Etymology. We are pleased to dedicate this species to our dear friend and colleague Juan Angel D��az (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain)., Published as part of Trizzino, Marco, J��ch, Manfred A., Audisio, Paolo & Ribera, Ignacio, 2011, Molecular and morphological analyses confirm two new species of the Hydraena emarginata ��� saga clade (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) from Spain and France, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 2760 on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200557

Hydraena diazi n. sp. Trizzino, Jäch & Ribera (Figs 1 –4) Type locality. Spain, Barcelona province, Montseny, La Costa, Sot de Ritronyes, 620 m, N 41 º 45 ’ 23.5 ” E 2 º 24 ’ 49.8 ”. Type material. Holotype male (MNCN): “ES Barcelona, Montseny 10.9. 2006 / La Costa de M.: Sot de Ritronyes / 620m N 41 º 45 ’ 23.5 ” E 2 º 24 ’ 49.8 ” /Ribera, Hernando & Aguilera leg.”. Paratypes (58 specimens: CSR, IBE, MNCN, NMW): 6 males and 10 females same locality and data as holotype; one of the males used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN-AI 479. 2 males and 4 females Spain, Barcelona province, Montseny, Santa Fe del Montseny, road Turo del Home to Sot de Bernadal, 1134 m a.s.l., N 41 º 45 ’ 45.2 ” E 2 º 26 ” 55.0”, 23.7. 2005, Ribera leg. 2 males Spain, Guipuzkoa province, Oiartzun, 240 m a.s.l., N 43 ° 16 ’ 10.2 ” W01° 48 ’ 20.5 ”, 16.7. 2006, Ribera & Cieslak leg.; one used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN-AI 1011. 1 male and 1 female Spain, Girona province, Meranges, Fontanera, torrent de la Mata de l’Os, Ribera & Aguilera leg. 10.6. 1995. 1 male Spain, Barcelona, Bagà, Riera de Gréixer, N 38 ° 12 ’ 52.4 ” E02° 59 ’ 18.5 ”, 1000 m, 22.6. 1994, Fresneda leg. 5 males and 8 females Spain, Barcelona, Mosqueroles, Riera Ciuret, N 41 ° 43 ’ 50.5 ” E02° 26 ’04.2”, 440 m, 20.3. 1989, Fresneda leg. 1 male and 4 females Spain, Barcelona, Mosqueroles, Riera Ciuret, N 37 ° 46 ’ 20.5 ” E03° 21 ’ 34.8 ”, 440 m, 23.3. 1989, Fresneda leg. 1 male Spain, Vizcaya, Villaro, Río Arratia, N 38 ° 55 ’ 45.9 E03° 47 ’ 35.9 ”, 140 m, 5.6. 1985, Rico leg. 1 male and 6 females Spain, Lleida, Salardú-Naut Aran, Montgarri, N 38 ° 35 ’ 49.2 ” E02° 27 ’ 49.7 ”, 1650 m, 15.10. 1985, Fresneda leg. 1 female Spain, Lleida, Es Bordes, Artiga de Lin, N 42 ° 43 ’04.3” E0° 43 ’ 26.3 ”, 1012 m, 11.5. 1986, Fresneda leg. 2 males and 2 females Spain, Lleida, Vielha-Mig Aran, Boca nord túnel de Vielha, N 38 ° 31 ’ 26.2 ” E02° 20 ’ 41.7 ”, 1510 m, 2.4. 1989, Fresneda leg. Additional material. 1 male France, Eastern Pyrenees, Les Angles. 1 male and 1 female France, Eastern Pyrenees, Larrau. 1 male France, Eastern Pyrenees, Suchon. 1 male France, Eastern Pyrenees, Gabas. 2 males Spain, Catalonia, Lleida. Description. 2.2–2.4 mm long. Head, pronotum and elytra dark brown to black, distal third of elytra in some specimens dark reddish brown to paler reddish brown. Palpi and legs paler reddish brown. Head: labrum with V–shaped notch anteriorly (but not as deep as in e.g. Hydraena larissae). Fronto–clypeal suture slightly arcuate, not strongly impressed. Middle of frons moderately densely punctate, lateral portion of frons very densely punctate, as in related species. Occipital ridge well developed. Eyes moderately large, maxillary palpi very long, about twice as long as distance between eyes. Pronotum wider than long, moderately cordiform, anterior margin emarginate, anterior angles more or less rounded. Lateral margin slightly denticulate. Disc slightly more convex than in Hydraena larissae, rather densely punctate near anterior and posterior margins, along midline and around posterior foveae. Foveae hardly impressed. Elytra elongate, parallel–sided, rather strongly declivous laterally. Nine rows of punctures between suture and shoulder. Strial punctures moderately large, slightly more deeply impressed than in H. saga and H. larissae. Explanate margin of elytra moderately wide, as in all members of the H. emarginata – saga complex. Mentum and submentum microreticulate. Posterior genal ridge not particularly prominent, mostly glabrous. Prosternum with indistinct median keel. Angles between mesoventral disc and mesoventral process small as in e.g. H. larissae and H. saga. Metaventral plaques well developed, divergent posteriorly. Glabrous areas behind metacoxal sockets not very pronounced; abdominal ventrites III–VI more or less entirely covered with hydrofuge pubescence, abdominal ventrites VII and VIII largely glabrous, as in related species. Aedeagus (Fig. 1): Length of main piece 572 μm (holotype), with four setae, three on left side and one very reduced (typical of members of the H. emarginata – saga group) on right side. Apex distinctly more rounded than in H. saga and H. alpicola (Figs 9, 10); a peculiar and clearly visible small V–shaped incision on pre–apical dorsal side of main piece. Distal half of main piece in right side view markedly more curved and wider (about 1.3 times) than in H. saga. Pre–basal tooth not very prominent, phallobase symmetrical in ventral view. Distal lobe as in H. saga and H. alpicola, seemingly without variability in size. Gonocoxite and female tergite X as in Figs 2–3. Secondary sexual characters: male elytral apices conjointly rounded, with very small sutural notch. Female elytral apices slightly conjointly rounded (Fig. 4), with a more or less large sutural notch. Female ventrites V and VI with fringe of long setae. Male ventrite VI enlarged. Male mesotibia with a row of ca. eight minute denticles along mesial face of posterior half. Male metatibia with fringe of long setae along mesial face of posterior half. Male tergite X as in H. saga and related species. Differential diagnosis. H. diazi is clearly related to H. saga, H. larissae, H. emarginata, H. alpicola, and especially to the second new species described in this paper (see below; see also Fig. 12). The aedeagus of H. diazi (Fig. 1) could be easily distinguished from the other related species by the markedly curved and wide apical half of the main piece and by the peculiar distal apex of the main piece. The aedeagus of H. emarginata (Fig. 11) can be distinguished also by its distinctly larger size (PL: 610–665 μm), and by the distinctly larger distal lobe. Distribution. H. diazi has a typical Pyrenean distribution, occurring in the southern (Spanish) and in the northern (French) side, and extending to some mountain massifs in Catalonia (Fig. 13). All Pyrenean specimens previously attributed to H. saga almost certainly belong to H. diazi. Etymology. We are pleased to dedicate this species to our dear friend and colleague Juan Angel Díaz (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain).

Hydraena fosterorum n. sp. Trizzino, J��ch & Ribera (Figs 5���8) Type locality. Spain, Burgos province, Fresneda de la Sierra, Tir��n river, 1085 m a.s.l., N 42 �� 16 ��� 46.2 ��� W 3 �� 7 ���56.0���. Type material. Holotype male (MNCN): "ES Burgos 22.10. 2004 / Fresneda de la Sierra: r. Tir��n / N 42 �� 16 ��� 46.2 ��� W 3 �� 7 ���56.0��� / 1085m I.Ribera leg.". Paratypes (129 specimens: BMNH, CSR, IBE, MNCN, NMW): 8 males and 4 females same locality and data as holotype; one male used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN-AI 282. 4 males and 8 females Spain, La Rioja province, Logro��o, Posadas, R��o Oja, 1159 m, N 42 �� 12 ���36.0��� W 3 �� 4 ��� 27.8 ��� 23.10.0 4 Ribera leg.; one male used for DNA extraction and sequencing, voucher number MNCN ���AI 481. 8 males and 5 females Spain, La Rioja province, Logro��o, Posadas, R��o Oja, artificial pool, 1200 m, N 42 �� 12 ���36.0��� W 3 �� 4 ��� 27.8 ��� 23.10.0 4 Ribera leg. 33 males and 52 females Spain, Burgos, Fresneda de la Sierra Tir��n, R��o Tir��n, N 42 �� 16 ��� 46.2 ��� W 3 �� 7 ���56.0���, 1100 m, 15.8. 1994, Fresneda leg. 1 male Spain, Soria, Vinuesa, 2km Pto. Sta. In��s, 16.7. 1991, Fery leg. 1 female Spain, Soria, Vinuesa, Laguna Negra, 13.6. 1990, Fresneda leg. 3 males and 1 female Spain, Zaragoza, Moncayo, Fuente del Pedregal, 9.4. 1993, Fresneda leg. 1 female Spain, Zaragoza, Moncayo, entre Veruela y Na. Sierra Del Moncayo, 9.4. 1993, Fresneda leg. Description. 2.15���2.30 mm long. Male habitus as in Hydraena diazi. Aedeagus (Fig. 5): Length of main piece 555 ��m (holotype), with four setae, three on left side and one very reduced (typical of members of the H. emarginata ��� saga complex) on right side. Apex distinctly more rounded than in related species (including H. diazi); pre���apical dorsal incision absent. Apical half of the main piece in right side view markedly more curved and wider (about 1.3 times) than in H. saga and H. alpicola (Figs 5, 9, 10). Pre���basal tooth not very prominent, phallobase symmetrical in ventral view. Distal lobe as in H. saga and H. alpicola, seemingly without variability in size. Gonocoxite and female tergite X as in Figs 6 ���7. Secondary sexual characters: male elytral apices conjointly rounded, with a small sutural notch. Distal third of female elytral apices very widely explanate (Fig. 8), conjointly rounded, with a very large sutural notch (resembling H. samnitica and H. pangaei). Female ventrites V and VI with fringe of long setae. Male ventrite VI enlarged. Male mesotibia with a row of ca. eight minute denticles along mesial face of posterior half. Male metatibia with fringe of long setae along mesial face of posterior half. Male tergite X as in H. saga and related species. Differential diagnosis. H. fosterorum is cleary related to H. diazi, H. saga, H. larissae, H. emarginata, and H. alpicola (see also fig. 12). The aedeagus of H. fosterorum (Fig. 5) could be easily distinguished from the other related species by the markedly curved and markedly wide distal half of the main piece, and from H. diazi (Fig. 1) by the rounded apex of the main piece and by the absence of the small dorsal pre���distal V���shaped incision. The aedeagus of H. emarginata (Fig. 11) can be distinguished also by its distinctly larger size (PL: 610���665 ��m), and by the distinctly larger distal lobe. Moreover, H. fosterorum could be easily distinguished from any other species of the H. emarginata ��� saga complex by the peculiar female elytral shape (Fig. 8). Distribution. H. fosterorum is known only from the north of the Iberian System mountains, in Sierra de la Demanda and del Moncayo (Fig. 13). Specimens from that region previously attributed to H. saga (e.g. Valladares et al. 2000) almost certainly belong to the new species. Etymology. We are pleased to dedicate this species to our friends Sue and Garth Foster, who accompanied IR when collecting some of the paratypes., Published as part of Trizzino, Marco, J��ch, Manfred A., Audisio, Paolo & Ribera, Ignacio, 2011, Molecular and morphological analyses confirm two new species of the Hydraena emarginata ��� saga clade (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) from Spain and France, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 2760 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200557, {"references":["Valladares, L. F., Diaz, J. A. & Garrido, J. (2000) Coleopteros acuaticos del Sistema Iberico Septentrional (Coleoptera: Haliplidae, Gyrinidae, Dytiscidae, Hydraenidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, 24 (3 - 4), 59 - 84."]}

Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Lamanna, Francesco, Antonini, Gloria (2011): A new species of southern African pollen beetle and discussion of the taxonomic position of Jelinekigethes Audisio & Cline, 2009 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae). Zootaxa 2909: 47-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204545

Trizzino, Marco, Jäch, Manfred A., Audisio, Paolo, Ribera, Ignacio (2011): Molecular and morphological analyses confirm two new species of the Hydraena emarginata – saga clade (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) from Spain and France. Zootaxa 2760: 29-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200557

Jelinekigethes dichromus Audisio & Cline, sp. nov. (Figs 2, 5���6, 8) Diagnosis. Small-sized (length 1.8���2.1 mm), shining black species with head and pronotum usually reddish, strongly contrasting to blackish elytra, with orange brown legs. In general appearance (Fig. 2) similar to J. danielssoni Audisio, 1995, but slightly wider and shorter, with peculiar reddish colouration of the pronotum of most known specimens, and characterized by a markedly different shape of the male and female genitalia (see Figs 3���8). Description. Short, wide (Fig. 2) L:W = 1.8: 1, moderately convex, small-sized (length: 1.90 mm; width: 1.0 5 mm); metallic dark brown or blackish, with reddish head (eyes darker) and pronotum, yellowish front legs and antennae (club darker), middle and hind legs yellowish to castaneous. Pubescence golden, rather distinct but short and recumbent. Setae on lateral margin of pronotum and elytra scarcely visible. Head with moderately deep punctures nearly as large as eye facets, separated by half to one diameter, surface between punctures smooth and shining; front margin of clypeus transversely truncate and not bordered, with lateral angles rather blunt. Fronto-geneal grooves distinct. Frons without tentorial impressions. Antennae medium-sized, club small, with short pubescence; third antennal segment elongate, slightly shorter than second. Pronotum moderately convex, 1.70 X as wide as long, moderately rounded at sides, more strongly narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly, broadest in middle or at posterior third (Fig. 2), with posterior angles almost completely rounded; sides narrowly bordered. Posterior margin slightly sinuate on either side of scutellum; discal punctures as on head or slightly larger and deeper, surface between them smooth and shining. Scutellum rather large, with exposed portion finely punctate; interspaces with traces of microreticulation. Elytra 1.05���1.10 X wider (combined width) than long, scarcely arcuate at sides, arcuately narrowed towards apex, broadest in middle or at basal two fifths, ~ 1.15 X as wide as pronotum; humeri moderately raised; punctures smaller and shallower than on pronotum, surface with strongly marked transverse strigosity; spaces between punctures smooth and shining. Prosternal antennal furrows nearly as long as second antennal segment, oblique, and distinct. Prosternal process subparallel, moderately widened towards a truncately rounded apex, distinctly wider than antennal club; punctures moderately deep, smaller than eye facets, separated by nearly one diameter; surface smooth. Mesosternum with posterior edge straight. Metaventrite almost flat, with no sexual dimorphism; punctures simple, moderately deep, typically as large as eye facets, separated by one diameter or more, surface smooth and shining. Posterior edge of last abdominal ventrite appearing simple in both sexes Protibiae moderately elongate, outer edge minutely serrate, with a series of 7���10 small, narrowly triangular, relatively even teeth; teeth progressively larger distad (Fig. 2); inner edge of protibiae simple and appearing straight in both sexes. Protarsi in female specimens nearly as wide as first antennal segment, slightly wider in male specimens. Tarsi of normal shape, all being rather short, posterior tarsomeres much shorter than antennae (Fig. 2). Metatibiae moderately elongate, inner edge simple and appearing straight in both sexes; outer edge of both meso- and metatibiae arcuate and regularly shaped. Meso- and metafemora with a simple posterior edge in both sexes. Tegmen (Fig. 5) relatively small, slender, with few and peculiarly long setae at apex, and short, linear median excision; median lobe of aedeagus long (Fig. 6), strongly narrowed and spatulate at distal third, apex moderately acuminate, apical portion markedly declined downwards when observed in lateral view. Ovipositor as figured (Fig. 8), unicolorous yellowish, small and short, apex arcuately narrowed with peculiarly large and asymmetric styli; outer subdivision of coxites short and wide; 'central point' placed at distal three sevenths, with long and wide ventral spicule. Female: Externally differing from male only by slightly narrower protarsi. Variation. Body sizes: length: 1.80���2.05 mm; width: 1.05���1.18 mm. One male paratype shows head and pronotum darker, i.e. blackish-brown like elytra. Type material. HOLOTYPE, male, Republic of South Africa: Limpopo, Strydpoortberge, Wolkberg Nature Reserve, 24.03.20 S, 30.00.41E, trail to the waterfall, 1400 / 1450 m, 22.II. 2007, on small, unidentified flowering undershrubs, P.Audisio & M.Biondi leg. (TMSA). Paratypes: 3 males, 2 females, same data as holotype (CAR, NMP). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek dichromos (= bicoloured), which emphasizes the usually contrasting coloration of head and pronotum (reddish) and elytra (black). Geographic distribution. Thus far the species is only known from the type locality in the Limpopo Province (Fig. 11). Biology. The type specimens were collected in late February by sweeping in bushveld along a rocky xeric slope from flowers of small bushes belonging to an unidentified plant family. Unfortunately, due to technical problems it was not possible to take a picture of the plant, and the single collected voucher of the host-plant was later lost along the trail. All host plants were localized along a short section of a trail, at 1400���1450m. The host plants were represented by small undershrubs (80���120 cm tall) with thin, long, right angled vertical stems that were partly ligneous but without branches below the distal third of the stem. Each plant was distally adorned with a nearly globular foliage of about 25���30 cm in diameter, formed by small (1���1.5 cm long), elliptic, Buxus -like leaves probably in an alternate arrangement, with entire margins, and some of them bearing, close to the base, a single, very small (~ 3 mm length, and ~ 2 mm wide) whitish funnel-shaped or campanulate flower in a nearly axillary position with probably 4 or 5 short petals at its distal third., Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Lamanna, Francesco & Antonini, Gloria, 2011, A new species of southern African pollen beetle and discussion of the taxonomic position of Jelinekigethes Audisio & Cline, 2009 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae), pp. 47-56 in Zootaxa 2909 on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204545

Restiopria biondii Audisio, Jelínek & Cline, sp. nov. (Figs 1–20) Description. In addition to generic description above: Small size (length 2.05–2.25 mm; width 1.04–1.10 mm). Body moderately shining, unicolorous yellowish– orange (rarely with head and pronutum reddish, slightly contrasting to brownish elytra); legs yellowish (Fig. 15). Head with moderately deep punctures nearly as large as eye facets, separated by half to one diameter, surface between partly microreticulated but moderately shining; frons without tentorial impressions. Antennae mediumsized, club small and narrow, 2X longer than wide (Fig. 5), with short pubescence; 3rd antennal segment elongate, as long as but thinner than 2nd. Pronotum moderately convex, 1.70X as wide as long, moderately rounded at sides, more strongly narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly, broadest in middle or at posterior third (Figs. 1, 15), with posterior angles almost completely rounded; sides narrowly bordered. Posterior margin straight on either side of scutellum; discal punctures as on head or slightly larger and deeper, surface between them partially microreticulate but shining. Elytra ~1.20–1.25X longer than wide (combined width at humeri), scarcely arcuate at sides, distinctly and arcuately narrowed towards apex, broadest in middle or at basal two fifths, nearly as wide as pronotum (Figs. 1, 15). Punctures and spaces between punctures as on pronotum. Tegmen (Fig. 12) relatively large, not elongate, with few moderately long setae at apex, and a short, linear median excision; median lobe of aedeagus moderately long (Fig. 13), shortly spatulate distally. Ovipositor as figured (Fig. 14), yellowish, darker towards apex, relatively large and long, with large and long symmetrical styli; outer subdivision of coxites short and arcuate; 'central point' placed at proximal four ninths, without ventral spicule. Female. Differs from male by possessing slightly narrower protarsi. Variation. A couple of paratypes shows elytra brown, darker than head and pronotum. Type material. Holotype, male, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, Cape Peninsula, Cape Town, Table Mountain, Tafelberg road, 400 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1994, on unidentified flowering stolones of Restionaceae close to a small waterfall, P. Audisio & M. Biondi leg. (TMSA). Paratypes: 11 females, same data as holotype (CAR, NMP, CAS, SAMC); 1 male, 8 females: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, 5 Km N of Concordia, E of Knysna, 34.00.58 S, 23.06.25 E, 200 m a.s.l., 12.X.2005, on long and prostrate flowering stolones of unidentified Restionaceae (Fig. 19), in a wet place in subtropical indigenous forest, P. Audisio & M. Biondi leg. (CAR, NMP, CAS, TMSA). Biological notes. The type specimens of the new species were collected in Spring (late September to early October) by sweeping from inflorescences on long stoloniform stems of two Restionaceae plants belonging to a genus so far not identified with certainty (Fig. 21), but likely related to Antochortus Nees or allied genera. The host plants were localized at low altitudes (200–400 m), in wet places, i.e. along the sides of a small waterfall near Cape Town and around the edges of a small dumping area in a subtropical indigenous forest near Knysna. Geographic distribution. The species is only known from the two mentioned type localities in Western Cape Province (Fig. 22). Etymology. This species is named for our friend and colleague, Maurizio Biondi (L’Aquila, Italy), who contributed to the collection of the new species at the type locality near Cape Town in 1994 and later near Knysna in 2005.

Restiopria biondii Audisio, Jel��nek & Cline, sp. nov. (Figs 1���20) Description. In addition to generic description above: Small size (length 2.05���2.25 mm; width 1.04���1.10 mm). Body moderately shining, unicolorous yellowish��� orange (rarely with head and pronutum reddish, slightly contrasting to brownish elytra); legs yellowish (Fig. 15). Head with moderately deep punctures nearly as large as eye facets, separated by half to one diameter, surface between partly microreticulated but moderately shining; frons without tentorial impressions. Antennae mediumsized, club small and narrow, 2X longer than wide (Fig. 5), with short pubescence; 3rd antennal segment elongate, as long as but thinner than 2nd. Pronotum moderately convex, 1.70X as wide as long, moderately rounded at sides, more strongly narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly, broadest in middle or at posterior third (Figs. 1, 15), with posterior angles almost completely rounded; sides narrowly bordered. Posterior margin straight on either side of scutellum; discal punctures as on head or slightly larger and deeper, surface between them partially microreticulate but shining. Elytra ~1.20���1.25X longer than wide (combined width at humeri), scarcely arcuate at sides, distinctly and arcuately narrowed towards apex, broadest in middle or at basal two fifths, nearly as wide as pronotum (Figs. 1, 15). Punctures and spaces between punctures as on pronotum. Tegmen (Fig. 12) relatively large, not elongate, with few moderately long setae at apex, and a short, linear median excision; median lobe of aedeagus moderately long (Fig. 13), shortly spatulate distally. Ovipositor as figured (Fig. 14), yellowish, darker towards apex, relatively large and long, with large and long symmetrical styli; outer subdivision of coxites short and arcuate; 'central point' placed at proximal four ninths, without ventral spicule. Female. Differs from male by possessing slightly narrower protarsi. Variation. A couple of paratypes shows elytra brown, darker than head and pronotum. Type material. Holotype, male, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, Cape Peninsula, Cape Town, Table Mountain, Tafelberg road, 400 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1994, on unidentified flowering stolones of Restionaceae close to a small waterfall, P. Audisio & M. Biondi leg. (TMSA). Paratypes: 11 females, same data as holotype (CAR, NMP, CAS, SAMC); 1 male, 8 females: REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, 5 Km N of Concordia, E of Knysna, 34.00.58 S, 23.06.25 E, 200 m a.s.l., 12.X.2005, on long and prostrate flowering stolones of unidentified Restionaceae (Fig. 19), in a wet place in subtropical indigenous forest, P. Audisio & M. Biondi leg. (CAR, NMP, CAS, TMSA). Biological notes. The type specimens of the new species were collected in Spring (late September to early October) by sweeping from inflorescences on long stoloniform stems of two Restionaceae plants belonging to a genus so far not identified with certainty (Fig. 21), but likely related to Antochortus Nees or allied genera. The host plants were localized at low altitudes (200���400 m), in wet places, i.e. along the sides of a small waterfall near Cape Town and around the edges of a small dumping area in a subtropical indigenous forest near Knysna. Geographic distribution. The species is only known from the two mentioned type localities in Western Cape Province (Fig. 22). Etymology. This species is named for our friend and colleague, Maurizio Biondi (L���Aquila, Italy), who contributed to the collection of the new species at the type locality near Cape Town in 1994 and later near Knysna in 2005., Published as part of Audisio, P., Jel��nek, J., Cline, A. R., Mancini, E., Trizzino, M., Cerretti, P. & Antonini, G., 2011, Description and taxonomic position of a new genus and species of southern African pollen beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae), pp. 49-56 in Zootaxa 2927 (1) on pages 52-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2927.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5284528

Restiopria Audisio, Jel��nek & Cline, gen. nov. (Figs 1���20) Type species: Restiopria biondii Audisio, Jel��nek & Cline, sp. nov. Generic diagnosis. Restiopria Audisio, Jel��nek & Cline, gen. nov., sp. nov., is easily differentiated from any other known Meligethine (Audisio 1993; Audisio et al. 2009) by the peculiarly shaped protibiae (possessing no teeth, but with elongate dark spicules along the outer edge, a condition unknown in all other known Meligethinae taxa), and by the peculiarly shaped male genitalia, with asymmetrically denticulate distal margin of the parameres (again, a condition absent in all other known Meligethinae). The following characters also are diagnostic: a simple Pria ���like hypopygydium, lacking arcuate lateral impressions; a small, but elongate and narrow antennal club without sexual dimorphism; a wide axillary space on the first abdominal ventrite; and a strongly reduced and scarcely visible dorsal pubescence. Generic description. The single inclusive species varies moderately in size (2.0��� 2.3 mm length), and exhibits the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: dorsal body surface (Fig. 15) usually unicolored dark yellow to orange���brown, rather shining, and apparently nearly glabrous; pubescence golden to silvery-whitish, extremely short and fine dorsally, recumbent and indistinct (each seta nearly as long as the longitudinal diameter of each discal pronotal puncture), never obscuring the dorsal body surface; pronotal and elytral sides narrowly flattened, typically same color as disc; lateral margin of pronotum and elytra with a series of faintly distinct short setae, each seta 0.5���0.7X as long as those on elytral disc; posterior margin of pronotum with peculiarly small, short, distally bifid subtruncate microsetae (Fig. 17), sparsely and irregularly distributed medially, just anterior to scutellum. Ventral pubescence golden, recumbent, fine, but nearly 2X longer than dorsal setae. Dorsal habitus: body slightly convex, slender and oval (Figs. 1, 15); anterior margin of clypeus truncate anteriorly, not bordered, without any medial bulge, and with moderately blunt outer angles (Fig. 20); circum-ocular furrows on dorsal side of head absent (Fig. 20); dorsal punctures on discal portion of pronotum nearly as large as eye facets, distinctly and densely impressed; pronotum with almost completely rounded posterior angles (Fig. 1); scutellum regularly but shallowly punctured on most of exposed portion; elytra with simple punctures, not transversely strigose; elytral humeral angle moderately distinct, blunt, not protruding laterally; elytral humeral striae absent; elytral pre-sutural striae hardly distinct anteriorly and in posterior half, terminating at elytral apex, and delimiting posteriorly, on each elytron, a barely distinct, flat, narrow unraised sutural border, nearly as wide as proximal width of 3rd antennomere; elytral apices truncately rounded in both sexes (Figs. 1, 15); pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in both sexes (Fig. 2); proximal portion of pygidium (concealed under elytral apices) in both sexes with inner apices of basal arched impressions fused medially, forming a short blunt bulge (Fig. 2). Ventral habitus: labrum wide with anterior margin widely and deeply incised medially (Fig. 9); antennal furrows shallow, moderately convergent posteriorly, ending in a C���shaped shallow and ill-defined impression (Fig. 16); mentum short and strongly transverse, subpentagonal (Fig. 16); prosternal antennal furrows on anterior margin of prosternum distinct, scarcely raised, short, and markedly divergent posteriorly (Figs. 7, 16); prosternal process relatively narrow, subapical portion dilated 1.8���2.0X as wide as maximum width of 1st antennomere, apex bluntly rounded (Figs. 6, 16); lateral borders of prosternal process delimiting shallowly impressed and barely distinct furrows, distally terminating over predistal lateral expansions, approximating prosternal posterior margin; posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, not medially incised; male impressions on metaventrite faint; first two visible abdominal ventrites simple in both sexes, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities simple, parallel and narrowly contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities, with moderately distinct arched impressions of outer ���axillary��� line curving posterolaterally (Fig. 18); ���axillary��� space on first abdominal ventrite widely developed, ���axillary��� angle broadly obtuse (Fig. 18); basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite simple, without distinct traces of impressed arched impressions (Fig. 3). Appendages: in both sexes 1st antennomere 0.9���1.0X as long as maximum width of protibiae (Figs 1, 5); 3rd antennomere in both sexes slender, ~3.0X as long as wide, 1.2���1.3X as long as but distinctly thinner than 2nd antennomere (Fig. 5); 4th and 5th antennomeres in both sexes subequal, moderately slender, distinctly longer than wide; antennal club long and narrow but compact, mid���sized, simple, comprising last 3 antennomeres in both sexes (8th antennomere scarcely widened, 0.4X as wide as 9th antennomere), slightly narrower than width of protibiae, sexual dimorphism absent; labial palpi moderately long in both sexes, terminal segment ~2.1X as long as wide (Figs. 11, 16); maxillary palpi long and slender in both sexes, terminal segment ~2.3X as long as wide (Figs. 10, 16); mandible mid-sized, apex acuminate, retinaculum moderately prominent on inner side (Fig. 8), no sexual dimorphism; tarsal claws simple, never toothed at base; tarsi of normal size and shape, 0.5���0.6X as long as corresponding tibiae (Figs 1, 4); protibiae lacking teeth along lateral margin, instead only large, dark and conspicuous spicules are present (Figs. 4, 19); meso- and metatibiae along lateral margin bearing a single even row of fine, long pegs, without U-shaped sinuosity at distal third; meso- and metatibiae long, slender and narrow, never subtrapezoidal or securiform (Fig. 1); sexual dimorphism not expressed in metatibiae; tarsal plates of prolegs slightly wider in males; posterior margin of metafemora simple in both sexes, without tubercles or projections. Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Fig. 12), with deeply and narrowly incised distal margin, and without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen extending to medial distal V-shaped excision; apex of paramera with peculiarly shaped and asymmetrycal denticulations (Fig. 12); median lobe of aedeagus relatively short and parallel���sided, narrowly spatulate distally, without distal excision or emargination (Fig. 13). Female genitalia (ovipositor): relatively large and slender; styli long, symmetrical and cylindrical, (Fig. 14), inserted close to apex of contiguous gonostyloids; each gonostyloid more sclerotized and pigmented distally, with a simple, never indentate outer portion of basicoxites, and a single, small and narrow, faintly pigmented and sclerotized arcuate area along outer subdistal portion of gonostyloids. ���Central point��� of ovipositor located slightly proximad of midlength, without spicule directed proximad. Geographic distribution. Restiopria gen. nov. currently includes only the type species from southwestern South Africa described below. Etymology. This new genus is so named from the related genus Pria Stephens 1829, and from the stem of the plant family name Restionaceae, including both known host���plants of the type species (see below). Gender feminine., Published as part of Audisio, P., Jel��nek, J., Cline, A. R., Mancini, E., Trizzino, M., Cerretti, P. & Antonini, G., 2011, Description and taxonomic position of a new genus and species of southern African pollen beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae), pp. 49-56 in Zootaxa 2927 (1) on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2927.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5284528, {"references":["Audisio, P. (1993) Nitidulidae - Kateretidae. Fauna d'Italia, XXXII. Calderini, Bologna, 971 pp.","Audisio, P., Cline, A. R., De Biase, A., Antonini, G., Mancini, E., Trizzino, M., Costantini, L., Strika, S., Lamanna, F. & Cerretti, P. (2009) Preliminary re - examination of genus - level taxonomy of the Pollen Beetle subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49, 341 - 504.","Stephens, J. F. (1829) A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects. Baldwin and Cradock, London, XXXIV + 388 pp."]}

Hydraena rosannae Audisio, Trizzino & De Biase, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 7–8, 11) Diagnosis. Small-sized (length 1.94–2.21 mm), elongate orange species with yellowish to orange legs and antennae; pronotum 0.62–0.81 times width of combined maximum elytral width (Fig. 1). Similar to the widespread Sardinian H. tyrrhena Binaghi, 1961 and to the Corsican H. evanescens Rey, 1884, recently redescribed by Audisio and De Biase (1995), but with a much less deep emargination on dorsal profile of aedeagus (in lateral view), slightly more inflated apical portion of male hind tibiae, and slightly sinuose and dilated middle portion of male front tibiae (Fig. 1). Type material. Holotype ♂: Italy, Sardinia (Medio Campidano province), above Villacidro, Cannisoni River, 390 m a.s.l., 39.24. 37.28 N, 8.38. 27.39 E, 19.V.2008, M. Trizzino, P. Audisio, G. Nardi & M.Bardiani leg. (CAR). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (CAR, CDL, CDM). Description. Male [measurements refer to holotype]. Length (apex of labrum – apex of pygidium) 2.21 mm; breadth (at elytral widest point) 0.70 mm, pronotal breadth 0.57 mm. Elongate, scarcely convex (Fig. 1), orange with shiny reflections. Legs, antennae and lateral edges of pronotum yellowish to pale orange. Labrum with deep, V-shaped notch anteriorly; margins very slightly upturned. Fronto-clypeal suture almost straight. Middle of frons moderately densely punctate, interstices shining; lateral portions of frons densely and rugosely punctate, punctures and interstices microreticulate; paraocular grooves shallow. Eyes moderately large, protruding, with more than 20 facets visible in dorsal view. Maxillary palpi very long, about twice as long as distance between eyes. Antennae small, of normal shape for members of the Haenydra lineage (Fig. 1). Pronotum nearly exagonal, about 1.15 times wider than long; anterior margin slightly concave; anterior angles slightly obtuse; lateral margin moderately produced at middle, strongly convergent at anterior angle, sinuately convergent at posterior angle; lateral rim minutely crenulate; disc moderately convex, sparsely to moderately densely punctate, more densely punctate near anterior and posterior margins, smooth and punctate between punctures, foveae hardly perceptible; anterior and posterior sublateral foveae well impressed, elongate; lateral portion of pronotum evenly deflexed, sparsely punctate (Fig. 1). Elytra elongate, nearly 1.8 times as long as their combined width, slightly and regularly arcuate at sides, apically produced and only very weakly declivitous; moderately declivitous laterally; with seven rows of punctures between suture and shoulder; strial punctures moderately large, distinctly impressed and forming regular lines moderately deeply impressed in middle of each elytron; punctures rather densely arranged within lines; intervals and interstices almost flat and glabrous or superficially microreticulate; intervals slightly wider than one puncture diameter; explanate margin and pseudepipleura relatively narrow and long, not reaching apex (Fig. 1). Pygidium in male as in Fig. 1. Mentum and submentum microreticulate. Transverse genal ridges not very prominent, glabrous. Prosternum with median keel. Mesoventrite with a pair of sublateral distinct glabrous streaks; very deeply impressed between disc and posterior process. Metaventral disc shallowly impressed between well developed, posteriorly divergent plaques. First ventrite without glabrous areas behind metacoxal sockets; abdominal sternites III–VI more or less entirely covered with hydrofuge pubescence; abdominal sternites VII and VIII largely glabrous. Aedeagus (Figs 7–8): main piece (length ca. 472 µm) oriented as in Figs 7–8, with only two small, short, and hardly distinct setae on left side, apparently without setae on right side; distinctly bisinuous in apical half (dorsal view); with subtruncate projection before the middle (dorsal view), and with proximal obtuse projection on dorsal side of apical fifth; apical third short and thick (lateral view), apex acute; dorsal outline (lateral view) with a very wide and shallow arcuate emargination at distal third; prebasal tooth (lateral view) not very prominent. Phallobase more or less symmetrical (in dorsal view). Distal mobile lobe small, elongate, composed of two parts: an elongate piece and a very thin and short flagellum. Secondary sexual characters. Male elytral apices convergent posteriorly, slightly conjointly rounded (Fig. 1); in female only slightly more acuminately convergent (with small sutural notch). Male femora slightly more strongly built. Male protibiae slightly but distinctly dilated and hardly curved along their inner edge. Male mesotibia not dilated subapically, with a row of short spines and 11–12 minute denticles along their inner edge. Male metatibia slightly but distinctly dilated in distal half, with fringe of very long hairs along their inner edge. Female. Last abdominal tergite and sternite as in Figs 9–10. Variability. Length variable between 1.94 and 2.21 mm. Distribution. Known with certainty only from the Sulcis-Iglesiente area around Villacidro (Medio Campidano province), SW Sardinia. Biological notes. The type specimens were collected under stones in a stream with relatively fast-running water, on a granodioritic substrate, at nearly 400 m a.s.l. Etymology. This species is named after Mrs Rosanna Calabrò (M.T.’s wife).

Meligethes foddaii Audisio, De Biase & Trizzino, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3, 7–8) Diagnosis. Small-sized (length 1.78–2.02 mm), body shiny black, legs and antennae blackish to chestnut brown. Maximum pronotal width near posterior angles (Fig. 1). Similar to the widespread European species M. lugubris recently re-described by Audisio (1993), but with interspaces between dorsal punctures on pronotum and most of elytra smooth and shining. Median lobe of aedeagus distinct, slightly more parallelsided distad (Fig. 8), and tegmen darker, distinctly more pigmented than median lobe. Differentiated from the closely related M. gagathinus by smaller, more elongate, and more parallel-sided body (length 2.1–2.6 mm in M. gagathinus, 1.8–2.0 in M. foddaii sp. nov.), elytral sides less arcuate (Figs 1–2), more extruded paramere apices (Figs 7, 9), and more narrow prosternal process (Figs 3–4). Type material. Holotype ♂: Italy, Sardinia, Medio Campidano province, Domusnovas, Lago Siuru, 390 m, 39.22.12 N, 8.36.59 E, 19.V.2008, P. Audisio, M. Trizzino, G. Nardi & M. Bardiani leg., on apical (nonflowered) stems of Mentha insularis Requien (= Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. subsp. insularis (Req.) Greuter; Lamiaceae) (CAR). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 4 ♂, 5 ♀♀ (CAR, NMP); Italy, Sardinia, Medio Campidano province, Villacidro, near Montimannu dam, 256 m, 39.24.02 N, 8.41.56 E, 6.IX.2006, G. Nardi leg., grassnetting on flowers of Mentha insularis, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ (CAR, CNBFVR). Other material examined. Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro province, Oliena, near San Giovanni, 150 m, 6.VI.1995, F. Angelini leg., 1 ex (CAR); Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro province, Gennargentu Massif, Montarbu Forest, Mount Tonneri, 1300 m, 2.V.1983, P. Audisio leg., 2 ex (CAR); ibidem, 989 m, 16.V.2008, P. Audisio & M. Trizzino leg., 1 ex (CAR); Italy, Sardinia, Cagliari province, Geremeas, Geremeas river, 150 m, 18.VI.1976, C. Meloni leg., 2 ex (CAR); Italy, Sardinia, Cagliari province, Elmas near Cagliari, 10 m, 1.X.1973, P. Leo leg., 1 ex (CAR); France, Corsica, Casta, 270 m, 22.VII.1976, A. Sette leg., 5 ex (CAR). Description. Male [measurements refer to holotype]. Length 1.90 mm; width (at elytral widest point) 1.00 mm. Body elongate, narrow, transversely convex and moderately parallel-sided (Fig. 1), black and shining, with short and fine silvery to golden-olivaceous pubescence. Legs and antennae blackish. Head with dorsal punctures as large as or slightly smaller than an eye facet, moderately impressed, separated by nearly one diameter, surface smooth and shining; front margin of clypeus straight, completely bordered, with almost right angles. Fronto-genal grooves narrow and shallow, but distinct. Antennae small, of normal size for group (cf. Fig. 1), with third segment slender, longer than second; antennal club small. Pronotum only moderately narrowed anteriorly, 1.65 times as wide as long, broadest close to posterior angles (cf. Fig. 1); sides narrowly bordered; posterior angles slightly obtuse but distinct. Posterior base faintly sinuate on either side of scutellum; pronotal punctures and surface smooth and shining, each puncture nearly as large as an eye facet and separated by one diameter or less. Scutellum medium-sized, densely and uniformly punctate; surface exhibiting a faint trace of reticulate microsculpture. Elytra (cf. Fig. 1) nearly 1.17 times as long as wide, broadest in basal fifth, scarcely wider than pronotum (1.06) and nearly twice as long; feebly raised, humeral striae absent; elytral punctures in basal half as on head and pronotum, but slightly coarser and more elongate, exhibiting a feeble transverse rugosity and with a shiny surface between punctures. Elytral punctures becoming finer and shallower towards their hind end. Ventral surface black, with sparse fine silvery pubescence. Prosternal antennal furrows strongly raised. Prosternal process rather long, moderately wide and parallel-sided (cf. Fig. 1), subtruncate at apex, as wide as posterior tibiae. Metasternum moderately convex (punctures as on head and pronotum, surface shiny), with a barely distinct and posteriorly widened longitudinal impression on posterior two-thirds, and a well-raised elongate medial tubercle. Caudal marginal line of posterior coxal cavity closely following posterior edge, turning back just before outer end. Last visible abdominal sternite with a markedly raised obtuse projection, distally concave, as in males of M. lugubris and M. gagathinus. Protibiae (cf. Fig. 1) with outer edges finely crenulate from basal third, with subapical group of 5–7 sharp teeth, the first and penultimate tooth markedly bigger than the rest; protarsi barely as wide as antennal club; metatibiae narrow, inner edges not sinuate (cf. Fig. 1); tarsal claws simple. Genitalia. Tegmen as in Fig. 7, rather strongly sclerotized and dark, with a shallow, V-shaped median excision, and apex markedly projected distad and scarcely pubescent; median lobe of aedeagus elongate, narrow, nearly 2.4 times as long as wide (cf. Fig. 1), less sclerotized and paler than tegmen, widest in distal three-fifths, parallel-sided distad and proximad, apex subtruncate and minutely incised. Male genitalia exhibiting a rather unusual contrast between the rather strongly pigmented, blackish-brown tegmen, and the orange-yellowish and scarcely pigmented median lobe. Female. Protarsi more narrow (~0.7 times as wide) than in male. Metasternum not impressed longitudinally. Ovipositor nearly indistinguishable from that of M. lugubris (fig. 160 l in Audisio 1993), yellowish, with apical suture of coxites slightly darker, apex acuminate, styli relatively short and inserted at a distance from apex equal to their length; outer subdivision of coxites moderately long and narrow; “central point” placed at distal three fifths, without ventral spicule; transverse suture nearly straight; external angles of basicoxites moderately sharp. Variability. Length 1.78–2.04 mm. Dorsal punctures slightly variable in density, but usually conforming to the pattern described. Antennae, tibiae and tarsi frequently paler, at least partially nut-brown. Comparative notes. Meligethes foddaii sp. nov. exhibits a dorsal habitus (Fig. 1) similar to that of small specimens of M. lugubris (widespread in Europe and peninsular Italy), but with a much shinier dorsal surface. The new species is also recognizable by the proportionally larger male genitalia, the more strongly pigmented and darkened tegmen, and by the more parallel-sided shape of the distal portion of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Figs 5–8). Easily distinguishable from the closely related M. gagathinus (widespread in Europe and peninsular Italy) by the smaller, narrower, and more parallel-sided body (Figs 1–2), by the parameres more protruding laterad to the distal portion of tegmen (Figs 7–10), by the narrower prosternal process (Figs 3–4), and by the slightly narrower male protarsal plate (Figs 1–2). Geographic distribution. All known specimens are from the above-mentioned localities in Sardinia and Corsica. This species appears not to be particularly rare, and could be more widely distributed, in suitable habitats, throughout both islands. Biological notes. The type and non-type specimens were all collected from apical stems of the common plant Mentha insularis Requien [= Mentha suaveolens Ehrh ssp. insularis (Req.) Greuter] (Lamiaceae), a subendemic W-Mediterranean species known to occur in the Corso-Sardinian plate and Balearic Islands, in wet places near lakes and ponds, and on the edges of river banks, from sea level up to 1300m (Gennargentu Massif). The adults are active on host-plants from early May to late November, two-three months before flowering time, but reproduction appears to be extremely tardive for a Mediterranean Meligethes, occurring mainly between late July and early October. Etymology. This species is named after our Sardinian friend and colleague Dr. Sebastiano Foddai (Department of Vegetal Biology, Sapienza University of Rome), whose main scientific research is devoted to the biochemistry of secondary substances extracted from Sardinian endemic plant species., Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Biase, Alessio De, Trizzino, Marco, Mancini, Emiliano & Antonini, Gloria, 2009, A new species of Meligethes (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae) of the M. lugubris complex from Sardinia *, pp. 386-393 in Zootaxa 2318 on pages 387-390, {"references":["Audisio P. (1993) Coleoptera Nitidulidae - Kateretidae. Fauna d'Italia, vol. 32. Calderini, Bologna, XVI + 971 pp."]}

Hydraena rosannae Audisio, Trizzino & De Biase, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 7–8, 11) Diagnosis. Small-sized (length 1.94–2.21 mm), elongate orange species with yellowish to orange legs and antennae; pronotum 0.62–0.81 times width of combined maximum elytral width (Fig. 1). Similar to the widespread Sardinian H. tyrrhena Binaghi, 1961 and to the Corsican H. evanescens Rey, 1884, recently redescribed by Audisio and De Biase (1995), but with a much less deep emargination on dorsal profile of aedeagus (in lateral view), slightly more inflated apical portion of male hind tibiae, and slightly sinuose and dilated middle portion of male front tibiae (Fig. 1). Type material. Holotype ♂: Italy, Sardinia (Medio Campidano province), above Villacidro, Cannisoni River, 390 m a.s.l., 39.24. 37.28 N, 8.38. 27.39 E, 19.V.2008, M. Trizzino, P. Audisio, G. Nardi & M.Bardiani leg. (CAR). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (CAR, CDL, CDM). Description. Male [measurements refer to holotype]. Length (apex of labrum – apex of pygidium) 2.21 mm; breadth (at elytral widest point) 0.70 mm, pronotal breadth 0.57 mm. Elongate, scarcely convex (Fig. 1), orange with shiny reflections. Legs, antennae and lateral edges of pronotum yellowish to pale orange. Labrum with deep, V-shaped notch anteriorly; margins very slightly upturned. Fronto-clypeal suture almost straight. Middle of frons moderately densely punctate, interstices shining; lateral portions of frons densely and rugosely punctate, punctures and interstices microreticulate; paraocular grooves shallow. Eyes moderately large, protruding, with more than 20 facets visible in dorsal view. Maxillary palpi very long, about twice as long as distance between eyes. Antennae small, of normal shape for members of the Haenydra lineage (Fig. 1). Pronotum nearly exagonal, about 1.15 times wider than long; anterior margin slightly concave; anterior angles slightly obtuse; lateral margin moderately produced at middle, strongly convergent at anterior angle, sinuately convergent at posterior angle; lateral rim minutely crenulate; disc moderately convex, sparsely to moderately densely punctate, more densely punctate near anterior and posterior margins, smooth and punctate between punctures, foveae hardly perceptible; anterior and posterior sublateral foveae well impressed, elongate; lateral portion of pronotum evenly deflexed, sparsely punctate (Fig. 1). Elytra elongate, nearly 1.8 times as long as their combined width, slightly and regularly arcuate at sides, apically produced and only very weakly declivitous; moderately declivitous laterally; with seven rows of punctures between suture and shoulder; strial punctures moderately large, distinctly impressed and forming regular lines moderately deeply impressed in middle of each elytron; punctures rather densely arranged within lines; intervals and interstices almost flat and glabrous or superficially microreticulate; intervals slightly wider than one puncture diameter; explanate margin and pseudepipleura relatively narrow and long, not reaching apex (Fig. 1). Pygidium in male as in Fig. 1. Mentum and submentum microreticulate. Transverse genal ridges not very prominent, glabrous. Prosternum with median keel. Mesoventrite with a pair of sublateral distinct glabrous streaks; very deeply impressed between disc and posterior process. Metaventral disc shallowly impressed between well developed, posteriorly divergent plaques. First ventrite without glabrous areas behind metacoxal sockets; abdominal sternites III–VI more or less entirely covered with hydrofuge pubescence; abdominal sternites VII and VIII largely glabrous. Aedeagus (Figs 7–8): main piece (length ca. 472 µm) oriented as in Figs 7–8, with only two small, short, and hardly distinct setae on left side, apparently without setae on right side; distinctly bisinuous in apical half (dorsal view); with subtruncate projection before the middle (dorsal view), and with proximal obtuse projection on dorsal side of apical fifth; apical third short and thick (lateral view), apex acute; dorsal outline (lateral view) with a very wide and shallow arcuate emargination at distal third; prebasal tooth (lateral view) not very prominent. Phallobase more or less symmetrical (in dorsal view). Distal mobile lobe small, elongate, composed of two parts: an elongate piece and a very thin and short flagellum. Secondary sexual characters. Male elytral apices convergent posteriorly, slightly conjointly rounded (Fig. 1); in female only slightly more acuminately convergent (with small sutural notch). Male femora slightly more strongly built. Male protibiae slightly but distinctly dilated and hardly curved along their inner edge. Male mesotibia not dilated subapically, with a row of short spines and 11–12 minute denticles along their inner edge. Male metatibia slightly but distinctly dilated in distal half, with fringe of very long hairs along their inner edge. Female. Last abdominal tergite and sternite as in Figs 9–10. Variability. Length variable between 1.94 and 2.21 mm. Distribution. Known with certainty only from the Sulcis-Iglesiente area around Villacidro (Medio Campidano province), SW Sardinia. Biological notes. The type specimens were collected under stones in a stream with relatively fast-running water, on a granodioritic substrate, at nearly 400 m a.s.l. Etymology. This species is named after Mrs Rosanna Calabrò (M.T.’s wife)., Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Trizzino, Marco, Biase, Alessio De, Mancini, Emiliano & Antonini, Gloria, 2009, A new species of Hydraena (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) of the H. evanescens complex from Sardinia *, pp. 281-289 in Zootaxa 2318 on pages 283-285, {"references":["Binaghi, G. (1961) Materiali per lo studio della Hydraena italiane. Le Hydraena dell'Isola d'Elba e notizie sulla coleotterofauna acquatica associata (4 ° Contributo). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 91, 66 - 77.","Rey, C. (1884) Notices sur les Palpicornes et diagnoses d'especes nouvelles ou peu connues. Revue d'Entomologie, 3, 266 - 271.","Audisio, P. & De Biase, A. (1995) Materiali per un'analisi biogeografica delle specie italiane dei generi Hydraena Kugelann ed Haenydra Rey (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Fragmenta Entomologica, 27, 163 - 189."]}

Meligethes foddaii Audisio, De Biase & Trizzino, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 3, 7–8) Diagnosis. Small-sized (length 1.78–2.02 mm), body shiny black, legs and antennae blackish to chestnut brown. Maximum pronotal width near posterior angles (Fig. 1). Similar to the widespread European species M. lugubris recently re-described by Audisio (1993), but with interspaces between dorsal punctures on pronotum and most of elytra smooth and shining. Median lobe of aedeagus distinct, slightly more parallelsided distad (Fig. 8), and tegmen darker, distinctly more pigmented than median lobe. Differentiated from the closely related M. gagathinus by smaller, more elongate, and more parallel-sided body (length 2.1–2.6 mm in M. gagathinus, 1.8–2.0 in M. foddaii sp. nov.), elytral sides less arcuate (Figs 1–2), more extruded paramere apices (Figs 7, 9), and more narrow prosternal process (Figs 3–4). Type material. Holotype ♂: Italy, Sardinia, Medio Campidano province, Domusnovas, Lago Siuru, 390 m, 39.22.12 N, 8.36.59 E, 19.V.2008, P. Audisio, M. Trizzino, G. Nardi & M. Bardiani leg., on apical (nonflowered) stems of Mentha insularis Requien (= Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. subsp. insularis (Req.) Greuter; Lamiaceae) (CAR). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 4 ♂, 5 ♀♀ (CAR, NMP); Italy, Sardinia, Medio Campidano province, Villacidro, near Montimannu dam, 256 m, 39.24.02 N, 8.41.56 E, 6.IX.2006, G. Nardi leg., grassnetting on flowers of Mentha insularis, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ (CAR, CNBFVR). Other material examined. Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro province, Oliena, near San Giovanni, 150 m, 6.VI.1995, F. Angelini leg., 1 ex (CAR); Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro province, Gennargentu Massif, Montarbu Forest, Mount Tonneri, 1300 m, 2.V.1983, P. Audisio leg., 2 ex (CAR); ibidem, 989 m, 16.V.2008, P. Audisio & M. Trizzino leg., 1 ex (CAR); Italy, Sardinia, Cagliari province, Geremeas, Geremeas river, 150 m, 18.VI.1976, C. Meloni leg., 2 ex (CAR); Italy, Sardinia, Cagliari province, Elmas near Cagliari, 10 m, 1.X.1973, P. Leo leg., 1 ex (CAR); France, Corsica, Casta, 270 m, 22.VII.1976, A. Sette leg., 5 ex (CAR). Description. Male [measurements refer to holotype]. Length 1.90 mm; width (at elytral widest point) 1.00 mm. Body elongate, narrow, transversely convex and moderately parallel-sided (Fig. 1), black and shining, with short and fine silvery to golden-olivaceous pubescence. Legs and antennae blackish. Head with dorsal punctures as large as or slightly smaller than an eye facet, moderately impressed, separated by nearly one diameter, surface smooth and shining; front margin of clypeus straight, completely bordered, with almost right angles. Fronto-genal grooves narrow and shallow, but distinct. Antennae small, of normal size for group (cf. Fig. 1), with third segment slender, longer than second; antennal club small. Pronotum only moderately narrowed anteriorly, 1.65 times as wide as long, broadest close to posterior angles (cf. Fig. 1); sides narrowly bordered; posterior angles slightly obtuse but distinct. Posterior base faintly sinuate on either side of scutellum; pronotal punctures and surface smooth and shining, each puncture nearly as large as an eye facet and separated by one diameter or less. Scutellum medium-sized, densely and uniformly punctate; surface exhibiting a faint trace of reticulate microsculpture. Elytra (cf. Fig. 1) nearly 1.17 times as long as wide, broadest in basal fifth, scarcely wider than pronotum (1.06) and nearly twice as long; feebly raised, humeral striae absent; elytral punctures in basal half as on head and pronotum, but slightly coarser and more elongate, exhibiting a feeble transverse rugosity and with a shiny surface between punctures. Elytral punctures becoming finer and shallower towards their hind end. Ventral surface black, with sparse fine silvery pubescence. Prosternal antennal furrows strongly raised. Prosternal process rather long, moderately wide and parallel-sided (cf. Fig. 1), subtruncate at apex, as wide as posterior tibiae. Metasternum moderately convex (punctures as on head and pronotum, surface shiny), with a barely distinct and posteriorly widened longitudinal impression on posterior two-thirds, and a well-raised elongate medial tubercle. Caudal marginal line of posterior coxal cavity closely following posterior edge, turning back just before outer end. Last visible abdominal sternite with a markedly raised obtuse projection, distally concave, as in males of M. lugubris and M. gagathinus. Protibiae (cf. Fig. 1) with outer edges finely crenulate from basal third, with subapical group of 5–7 sharp teeth, the first and penultimate tooth markedly bigger than the rest; protarsi barely as wide as antennal club; metatibiae narrow, inner edges not sinuate (cf. Fig. 1); tarsal claws simple. Genitalia. Tegmen as in Fig. 7, rather strongly sclerotized and dark, with a shallow, V-shaped median excision, and apex markedly projected distad and scarcely pubescent; median lobe of aedeagus elongate, narrow, nearly 2.4 times as long as wide (cf. Fig. 1), less sclerotized and paler than tegmen, widest in distal three-fifths, parallel-sided distad and proximad, apex subtruncate and minutely incised. Male genitalia exhibiting a rather unusual contrast between the rather strongly pigmented, blackish-brown tegmen, and the orange-yellowish and scarcely pigmented median lobe. Female. Protarsi more narrow (~0.7 times as wide) than in male. Metasternum not impressed longitudinally. Ovipositor nearly indistinguishable from that of M. lugubris (fig. 160 l in Audisio 1993), yellowish, with apical suture of coxites slightly darker, apex acuminate, styli relatively short and inserted at a distance from apex equal to their length; outer subdivision of coxites moderately long and narrow; “central point” placed at distal three fifths, without ventral spicule; transverse suture nearly straight; external angles of basicoxites moderately sharp. Variability. Length 1.78–2.04 mm. Dorsal punctures slightly variable in density, but usually conforming to the pattern described. Antennae, tibiae and tarsi frequently paler, at least partially nut-brown. Comparative notes. Meligethes foddaii sp. nov. exhibits a dorsal habitus (Fig. 1) similar to that of small specimens of M. lugubris (widespread in Europe and peninsular Italy), but with a much shinier dorsal surface. The new species is also recognizable by the proportionally larger male genitalia, the more strongly pigmented and darkened tegmen, and by the more parallel-sided shape of the distal portion of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Figs 5–8). Easily distinguishable from the closely related M. gagathinus (widespread in Europe and peninsular Italy) by the smaller, narrower, and more parallel-sided body (Figs 1–2), by the parameres more protruding laterad to the distal portion of tegmen (Figs 7–10), by the narrower prosternal process (Figs 3–4), and by the slightly narrower male protarsal plate (Figs 1–2). Geographic distribution. All known specimens are from the above-mentioned localities in Sardinia and Corsica. This species appears not to be particularly rare, and could be more widely distributed, in suitable habitats, throughout both islands. Biological notes. The type and non-type specimens were all collected from apical stems of the common plant Mentha insularis Requien [= Mentha suaveolens Ehrh ssp. insularis (Req.) Greuter] (Lamiaceae), a subendemic W-Mediterranean species known to occur in the Corso-Sardinian plate and Balearic Islands, in wet places near lakes and ponds, and on the edges of river banks, from sea level up to 1300m (Gennargentu Massif). The adults are active on host-plants from early May to late November, two-three months before flowering time, but reproduction appears to be extremely tardive for a Mediterranean Meligethes, occurring mainly between late July and early October. Etymology. This species is named after our Sardinian friend and colleague Dr. Sebastiano Foddai (Department of Vegetal Biology, Sapienza University of Rome), whose main scientific research is devoted to the biochemistry of secondary substances extracted from Sardinian endemic plant species.

3. Odontholariopsis Audisio & Cline, gen. nov. (Figs. 3 a–h) Type species. Meligethes nebulosus Reitter, 1872: 247 (by present designation) [= Odontholariopsis nebulosus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov.]. Generic description and diagnosis. Inclusive species vary greatly in size (1.4–2.8 mm length), and share the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: pubescence golden to silvery-whitish or brownish, short and fine, recumbent, sparse, never obscuring the variably colored (reddish, brown, blackish, or brown with yellowish elytra: Figs. 3a; Figs. 129–130 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO (1995)) dorsal body surface; pronotal and elytral sides narrowly flattened, typically the same color as disk. Lateral margin of pronutum and elytra with a series of usually distinct setae, each seta 0.7–0.8× as long as those on elytral disc; posterior margin of pronotum comprising moderately long, distally trifid or tetrafid microsetae, microsetae uniformly also along middle region anterior to scutellum (Fig. 3e). Dorsal habitus: body moderately convex, variably shaped, usually moderately short and wide, oval, in some species exceptionally short and wide (Figs. 3a; Figs. 6–9 and 129–130 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); dorsal punctures on discal portion of pronotum as large as or larger than eye facets, shallowly impressed and densely distributed; anterior margin of clypeus slightly arcuately emarginate, simple, i.e. always without small distinct medial bulge, and not distinctly bordered (Fig. 3b), with circum-ocular furrows (occipital sulci) on dorsal side of head absent (Fig. 3b); eyes large and usually moderately projecting laterally (Figs. 3a, b); pronotum with faintly distinct posterior angles, rounded to obtuse and never directed posteriorly (Fig. 3a); scutellum regularly punctured in most of exposed portion; elytra with simple punctation, never transversely strigose; elytral humeral angle moderately distinct, not protruding laterally (Fig. 3a); elytral humeral striae usually not distinct; elytral pre-sutural striae visible, originating at scutellar vertex, terminating at elytral apex, and delimiting a faintly distinct, flat, not raised sutural border on each elytron, border widest at posterior third, slightly narrower than proximal width of 3 rd antennomere; elytral apices truncately rounded in both sexes (Fig. 3a); pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in both sexes (Fig. 3a; Figs. 6–9 and 129–130 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Ventral habitus: antennal furrows markedly delimited, nearly parallel-sided, or slightly divergent posteriorly; mentum subpentagonal (Fig. 3c); prosternal antennal furrows of anterior margin of prosternum scarcely raised and short, but distinct (Fig. 3c); prosternal process relatively narrow, but with strongly dilated subapical portion 2.3–2.5× as wide as maximum width of 1 st antennomere, apex blunt (Fig. 3f); lateral borders of prosternal process delimiting shallowly impressed but distinct furrows, distally terminating before predistal lateral expansions (Fig. 3f); posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, never medially incised (Fig. 3f); moderately expressed sexual dimorphism on metaventrite, with variably developed impressions; first two visible abdominal ventrites simple in both sexes, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities simple, parallel and contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities, without arched impression of outer ‘axillary’ line (as in Fig. 4k); ‘axillary’ space on first abdominal ventrite moderately developed, ‘axillary’ angle widely obtuse (as in Fig. 4k); small, short, and shallowly impressed arched impressions on basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite mostly concealed by distal portion of penultimate visible abdominal ventrite (Fig. 3h). Appendages: male 1 st antennomere 0.8–1.0× as long as protibial width excluding distal teeth (Figs. 3a, c); 3 rd antennomere in both sexes peculiarly short, usually only 1.7–1.8× as long as wide, and nearly 0.7× as long as but distinctly thinner than 2 nd antennomere (Figs. 3a, c); 4 th and 5 th antennomeres in both sexes subequal, short, nearly as long as wide; antennal club compact, small, simple, comprising last 3 antennomeres in both sexes (8 th antennomere moderately widened, nearly 0.7× as wide as 9 th antennomere) (Figs. 3a, c), much narrower than width of protibiae, not sexually dimorphic; labial palpi short in both sexes (Fig. 3c), terminal segment 1.4–1.5× as long as wide; maxillary palpi moderately long and slender in both sexes (Fig. 3c), terminal segment 1.9–2.0× as long as wide; mandible small-sized (Fig. 3c), apex typically acuminate, not sexually dimorphic; tarsal claws simple, never toothed at base (Fig. 3d); tarsi of normal size and shape, 0.6–0.7× as long as corresponding tibiae (Figs. 3a, d); protibiae with a series of usually moderately large, uneven, scarcely acuminate teeth on lateral margin (Figs. 3a; Figs. 78–80 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); meso- and metatibiae on lateral margin bearing an apparently simple and usually even row of large and robust spurs, with peculiar U-shaped sinuosity at distal third, usually armed by additional outer spur (Fig. 3d; Figs. 91–92 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); meso- and metatibiae of variable width, usually moderately wide and flat (Fig. 3a; Figs. 6–9 and 91–92 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), never distinctly subtrapezoidal or axe-shaped; tarsal plates of prolegs moderately wider in males; strongly manifested sexual dimorphism in meso- and metafemoral shape, metafemoral margins in males bearing a single large, triangular or finger-like projection, reduced to a faintly distinct gibbosity in females (Fig. 3g; Figs. 100, 102– 104 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Figs. 25–26 and 39 –44 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), usually with shallow excision along distal margin, without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen and extending to medial distal V-shaped excision; median lobe of aedeagus variable, without lateral emargination, rounded, subtruncate to obtusely emarginate distally. Female genitalia (ovipositor): variably shaped, usually small; styli usually long and relatively large, simple, cylindrical, moderately pigmented, inserted close to apex of contiguous gonostyloids; each gonostyloid lightly sclerotized and more darkly pigmented distally, with a simple, never indentate outer portion of basicoxites (Figs. 48–51 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), and a single, variably shaped, pigmented and moderately sclerotized arcuate area along outer subdistal portion of gonostyloids. ‘Central point’ of ovipositor usually centrally located, without proximad directed spicule. Etymology. The generic name is derived from a combination of the Greek ‘οδούς, οδοντος’ (= tooth), and Lariopsis, to emphasize the peculiarly shaped and toothed posterior margin of meso- and metafemora in males, and its placement within the Lariopsis generic complex. Gender masculine. Biology. All species strictly associated for larval development with inflorescences of Mesembryanthemaceae, especially Carpobrotus N. E. Br., Cephalophyllum (Haw.) N. E. Br., Ruschia Schwant., Lampranthus N. E. Br., Delosperma N. E. Br., and allied genera (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995, and unpublished data). Phylogenetic position. Odontholariopsis gen. nov. is likely more closely related to Asterogethes gen. nov., and less so to Lariopsis and Neolariopsis gen. nov., but forming with them the newly defined Lariopsis generic complex, which is supported with evidence from both adult morphology and molecular datasets (TRIZZINO et al. 2009). Phylogenetic relationships of Odontholariopsis gen. nov. with Acanthogethes, Clypeogethes, and other ancestral Meligethinae genera remain unclear, and are only weakly supported by molecular data. Taxonomy and geographic distribution. Odontholariopsis gen. nov. includes four described species distributed in Southern Africa (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Odontholariopsis aurimaculatus (Kirejtshuk & Audisio, 1995) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape Odontholariopsis haagii (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape, S Namibia Odontholariopsis nebulosus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape Odontholariopsis sphaeroideus (Kirejtshuk & Easton, 1988) comb. nov. South Africa: W and E Cape

2. Asterogethes Audisio & Cline, gen. nov. (Figs. 2 a–n) Type species. Meligethes arcuatus Reitter, 1872: 252 (by present designation) [= Asterogethes arcuatus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov.]. Generic description and diagnosis. Inclusive species vary greatly in size (1.7–3.6 mm length), and share the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: pubescence golden to silvery-whitish, moderately elongate, suberect, partially obscuring the variably colored (yellowish, reddish, brown, blackish-brown, or brown with yellow spots on elytra: Figs. 2a, b) dorsal body surface; pronotal and elytral sides strongly narrowed and flat, yellowish and frequently paler than pronotal disk. Lateral margin of pronotum and elytra with series of long, erect setae (Fig. 2d), each seta usually as long as those on elytral disc; posterior margin of pronotum comprising moderately long, usually distally trifid or tetrafid microsetae (Fig. 2m), microsetae also uniformly distributed on middle region anterior to scutellum. Dorsal habitus: body moderately convex, variably shaped, moderately short and wide, oval, or more narrow and parallel-sided (Figs. 2a, b); dorsal punctures on pronotal disc larger than eye facets, usually deeply impressed and densely distributed; anterior margin of clypeus moderately arcuately emarginate, simple, i.e. without small distinct bulge at middle, and not bordered (Figs. 2a, b, c), with circum-ocular furrows (occipital sulci) on dorsal side of head absent (Fig. 2c); eyes large and usually moderately projecting laterally (Figs. 2a, b, c); pronotum with faintly distinct posterior angles, rounded to obtuse and never directed posteriorly (Figs. 2a, b); scutellum regularly punctate in most of exposed region; elytra with simple punctation, never transversely strigose; elytral humeral angle faintly distinct, not protruding laterally (Figs. 2a, b); elytral humeral striae not distinct; elytral pre-sutural striae visible, originating at scutellar vertex, terminating at elytral apex, and delimiting a faintly distinct, flat, not raised sutural border on each elytron, border widest at posterior third, slightly narrower than proximal width of 3 rd antennomere; elytral apices truncately rounded in both sexes (Fig. 2a); pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in both sexes (Figs. 2a, b). Ventral habitus: antennal furrows distinctly delimited, nearly parallel-sided, or slightly diverging posteriorly; mentum subpentagonal (Fig. 2d); antennal prosternal furrows on anterior margin of prosternum nearly obliterated (Fig. 2d); prosternal process relatively narrow, but subapical portion strongly dilated, 2.4–2.6× as wide as maximum width of 1 st antennomere, with arcuately convex apex (Fig. 2n); posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, never incised at middle (Fig. 2n); lateral borders of prosternal process not delimiting furrows, terminating at base of prosternal process (Fig. 2n); sexual dimorphism variable but usually distinctly manifested, frequently with more or less distinct impressions on metaventrite in males; first two visible abdominal ventrites simple in both sexes, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities always simple, parallel and contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities, without deep arched impression of outer ‘axillary’ line (Fig. 2f); ‘axillary’ space on first abdominal ventrite moderately developed, ‘axillary’ angle widely obtuse (Fig. 2f); small, short, and shallowly impressed arched impressions on basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite, frequently covered by distal portion of penultimate visible abdominal ventrite (Fig. 2g). Appendages: male 1 st antennomere 0.7–0.9× as long as width of protibiae, excluding distal teeth (Figs. 2a, b, d); 3 rd antennomere in both sexes usually only 1.9–2.0× as long as wide, 0.7–0.8× as long but distinctly thinner than 2 nd antennomere (Fig. 2d); 4 th and 5 th antennomeres in both sexes subequal, short, nearly as long as wide; antennal club compact, small, simple, no sexual dimorphism present, comprising last 3 antennomeres in both sexes (8 th antennomere moderately widened, 0.6–0.7× as wide as 9 th antennomere) (Fig. 2k), much narrower than width of protibiae; labial palpi moderately long in both sexes (Fig. 2d), terminal segment 1.8–1.9× as long as wide; maxillary palpi moderately long and slender in both sexes (Fig. 2d), terminal segment 2.2–2.3× as long as wide; mandible usually small (Figs. 2a, b), ~1.2–1.3× longer than wide, comprising moderately acuminate apex, no sexual dimorphism present; tarsal claws simple, never toothed at base (as in Fig. 3d); tarsi of variable size and shape, 0.6–0.8× as long as corresponding tibiae (Figs. 2a, b); protibiae with a series of usually large, basally widened, uneven, more or less sharp teeth on lateral margin (Figs. 2a, b; Figs. 126 a–e in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); meso- and metatibiae with lateral margin bearing a nearly double and usually uneven row of large and robust spurs (Fig. 2h), without U-shaped sinuosity at distal third; meso- and metatibiae moderately slender, flat (Figs. 2a, b), never distinctly subtrapezoidal or axe-shaped; sexual dimorphism variably expressed in metatibiae, i.e. simple or distinctly sinuate in males (Figs. 2a, b; Figs. 87–90 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), and with tarsal plates of prolegs slightly wider in males; posterior margin of male metafemora with 2–3 minute tubercles (Fig. 2e; Figs. 101, 105 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Figs. 21–24 and 27–28 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), distal margin nearly transversely truncate, and without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen to medial distal Vshaped excision; median lobe of aedeagus without lateral emargination, bluntly acuminate anteriorly, without distal minute emargination. Female genitalia (ovipositor): variably shaped, usually small; styli usually short but distinct, simple, cylindrical, subtruncate, not distinctly pigmented, inserted at apex of nearly contiguous gonostyloids; lateral portion of basicoxites simple, never indentate (Figs. 52–54 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), and faintly distinct arcuate area along lateral subdistal portion of gonostyloids. ‘Central point’ of ovipositor centrally located, proximally directed spicule absent. Etymology. The generic name is derived from the host-plant family of all inclusive species, i.e. Asteraceae, and from ‘- gethes ’, emphasizing the association with this botanical family as well as its phylogenetic relationship with Meligethes. Gender masculine. Biology. The three inclusive species are strictly associated for larval development with inflorescences (capitula) of Asteraceae, in particular Arctotis L., Osteospermum L., Dimorphoteca Vaill. ex Moench, Othonna L., and allied genera (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995; AUDISIO unpublished data). Phylogenetic position. Asterogethes gen. nov. is closely related to Odontholariopsis gen. nov., Neolariopsis gen. nov., and Lariopsis, with which it forms the newly circumscribed Lariopsis - complex of genera. This complex is supported by evidence from both adult morphology and molecular data (TRIZZINO et al. 2009). But phylogenetic relationships of Asterogethes gen. nov. with Acanthogethes, Clypeogethes, and other ancestral Meligethinae remain unclear. Taxonomy and geographic distribution. Asterogethes gen. nov. includes three species with the following restricted distributions in Southern Africa (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Asterogethes arcuatus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape Asterogethes endroedyi (Kirejtshuk & Audisio, 1995) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape, S Namibia Asterogethes rufiventris (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape

6. Clypeogethes Scholz, 1932 stat. nov. (Figs. 6 a���e, k���n) Clypeogethes Scholz, 1932: 97 (described as a subgenus of Meligethes Stephens, 1830). Type species. Meligethes (Clypeogethes) leonhardi Scholz, 1932: 97 (by monotypy) [= Meligethes elongatus (Rosenhauer, 1856: 98) = Clypeogethes elongatus (Rosenhauer, 1856) comb. nov.]. Generic redescription and diagnosis. Inclusive species vary greatly in size (1.2���3.3 mm length), and share the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: pubescence usually short and fine, recumbent, golden to silvery-whitish or leaden-brown, never obscuring the variably colored dorsal body surface (brown, blackish, reddish, dull bluish or blackish, in a few cases with orange spots on elytra) (Fig. 6a); pronotal and elytral sides narrowly flattened, typically the same color as disc. Lateral margin of pronutum and elytra with a series of faintly distinct, small and short setae, each seta usually 0.3���0.5�� as long as those on elytral disc; posterior margin of pronotum with long, usually distally bifid or rarely trifid microsetae, microsetae uniformly distributed on middle region anterior to scutellum (as in Fig. 7g). Dorsal habitus: body moderately convex, elongate, oval (Fig. 6a); dorsal punctures on discal portion of pronotum usually fine, nearly as large as eye facets, shallowly impressed and more or less densely distributed; anterior margin of clypeus more or less deeply sinuately emarginate, simple, i.e. without small distinct bulge medially, and distinctly bordered; circum-ocular furrows (occipital sulci) on dorsal side of head complete, fine but distinct (Fig. 6m); eyes large and usually moderately projected laterally (Figs. 6a, m); pronotum with faintly distinct posterior angles, rounded to obtuse and never directed posteriorly (Fig. 6a); scutellum regularly punctured in most of exposed portion; elytra with simple and fine punctation, never transversely strigose, occasionally with faint traces of orange peel-like rugosity; elytral humeral angle narrowly rounded, faintly distinct, not protruding laterally (Fig. 6a); elytral humeral striae usually indistinct; elytral pre-sutural striae visible, originating at scutellar vertex or slightly posterior to apex, terminating at elytral apex, and delimiting on each elytron a faintly distinct, flat, unraised sutural border; border widest at posterior third, usually distinctly narrower than proximal width of 3 rd antennomere; elytral apices truncately rounded in both sexes (Fig. 6a); pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in both sexes (Fig. 6a). Ventral habitus: antennal furrows markedly delimited, nearly parallel-sided, or slightly divergent posteriorly; mentum subpentagonal (Fig. 6n); prosternal antennal furrows on anterior margin of prosternum moderately raised and short (Fig. 6n); prosternal process relatively narrow, subapical dilated portion 2.1���2.2�� as wide as maximum width of 1 st antennomere, apex usually bluntly acuminate (as in Fig. 7d); lateral borders of prosternal process delimiting shallowly impressed but distinct furrows, distally terminating over predistal lateral expansions; posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, never incised medially (as in Fig. 7d); male impressions on metaventrite moderately developed; first two visible abdominal ventrites usually simple in both sexes, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities always simple, parallel and contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities, without deep arched impression of outer ���axillary��� line (as in Fig. 7f); ���axillary��� space on first abdominal ventrite moderately developed, ���axillary��� angle obtuse (as in Fig. 7f); large and moderately deeply impressed arched impressions on basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite, frequently partially covered by distal portion of penultimate visible abdominal ventrite (Fig. 6k). Appendages: male 1 st antennomere 0.8���1.0�� as long as width of protibiae excluding distal teeth; 3 rd antennomere in both sexes usually 1.9���2.1�� as long as wide, only 0.8���0.9�� as long as but distinctly thinner than 2 nd antennomere (Figs. 6a, m, n); 4 th and 5 th antennomeres in both sexes subequal, short, slightly longer than wide; antennal club compact, small, simple, comprising last 3 antennomeres in both sexes, sexual dimorphism absent (Figs. 6a, n), distinctly narrower than width of protibiae; labial palpi relatively short in both sexes (as in Fig. 7c), terminal segment 1.7���1.8�� as long as wide; maxillary palpi moderately long and slender in both sexes (as in Fig. 7c), terminal segment 2.4���2.7�� as long as wide; mandible usually mid-sized (Fig. 6a), apex moderately acuminate, no sexual dimorphism; tarsal claws never toothed at base (as in Fig. 5e); tarsi of normal size and shape, 0.6���0.7�� as long as corresponding tibiae (Fig. 6a); protibiae with a series of usually small, even, sharp teeth on lateral margin (Figs. 6a, n; Figs. 127 d-f in AUDISIO 1993b); meso- and metatibiae on lateral margin bearing a moderately even row of fine pegs (Fig. 6a), without U-shaped sinuosity at distal third; meso- and metatibiae of variable width, usually moderately flat, but narrow and slender (Fig. 6a), never distinctly subtrapezoidal or axe-shaped; no sexual dimorphism in tibial shape; tarsal plates of prolegs sligthly wider in males; posterior margin of metafemora simple in both sexes, without tubercles or projections. Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Figs. 6d, e; Fig. 136 in AUDISIO 1993b), usually with arcuately emarginate distal margin, without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen extending to medial distal Vshaped excision; median lobe of aedeagus variable, without emargination laterally, rounded, subtruncate to acuminate distally, without distal minute excision or emargination. Female genitalia (ovipositor): variably shaped, usually small; styli usually short but distinct, simple, cylindrical, frequently distinctly pigmented, inserted close to apex of contiguous gonostyloids; each gonostyloid lightly sclerotized and distally pigmented, with a simple, never indentate outer portion of basicoxites (Figs. 6b, c; Figs. 155 a���g in AUDISIO 1993b), and a single, narrow, scarcely pigmented and sclerotized arcuate area along outer subdistal portion of gonostyloids. ���Central point��� of ovipositor usually centrally located, with or without proximad directed spicule. Etymology. The generic name is derived from ���clypeus���, to emphasize the markedly arcuately emarginate anterior margin of the clypeus, and from ���- gethes ���, to emphasize its phylogenetic relationship with Meligethes. Gender masculine. Biology. All species are strictly associated for larval development with flowers of Brassicaceae, especially Alyssum L., Aurinia Desv., Moricandia DC., Hesperis L., and Matthiola R.Br. (EASTON 1957a; AUDISIO 1993b, and unpublished data; AUDISIO et al. 2000). Phylogenetic position. Available molecular and morphological datasets suggest a clearly monophyletic clade including Clypeogethes and Xerogethes gen. nov. (both genera developing on Brassicaceae). See comments within Acanthogethes, for possible relationships of Clypeogethes and Xerogethes gen. nov. with members of the Lariopsis generic complex and Acanthogethes. Taxonomy and geographic distribution. Herein, Clypeogethes includes seven described species distributed from western Europe and North Africa to Middle Asia. Most known species are distributed in eastern Mediterranean countries (AUDISIO 1993b; AUDISIO et al. 2000; JEL��NEK & AUDISIO 2007). Clypeogethes chlorocyaneus (Jel��nek & Audisio, 1977) comb. nov. N Balkans, W and E Alps Clypeogethes coerulescens (Kraatz, 1858) comb. nov. Greece Clypeogethes elongatus (Rosenhauer, 1856) comb. nov. Iberian Peninsula, N Africa, Middle East Clypeogethes lepidii (Miller, 1851) comb. nov. S Palaearctic Region, excluding N Africa Clypeogethes mithra (Jel��nek, 1978) comb. nov. Near East Clypeogethes tener (Reitter, 1873) comb. nov. NE Mediterranean areas, Caucasus Clypeogethes wittmeri (Jel��nek & Audisio, 1977) comb. nov. N Turkey, Armenia, Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Biase, Alessio De, Antonini, Gloria, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Costantini, Lorenzo, Strika, Sirio, Lamanna, Francesco & Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2009, Preliminary re-examination of genus-level taxonomy of the pollen beetle subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), pp. 341-504 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on pages 363-366, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5319334, {"references":["SCHOLZ M. F. R. 1932: Ein neuer Meligethes aus Sudeuropa und Bemerkungen zu einigen Arten. Entomologische Blatter 28: 97 - 100.","STEPHENS J. F. 1830: Illustrations of British Entomology; or, a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable. Mandibulata, vol. III. Baldwin and Craddock, London, 379 pp, pls. 16 - 19.","ROSENHAUER W. G. 1856: Die Thiere Andalusiens nach dem Resultate einer Reise zusammengestellt, nebst den Beschreibungen von 249 neuen oder bis jetz noch unbeschriebenen Gattungen und Arten. T. Blaesing Verlag, Erlangen, 429 pp.","AUDISIO P. 1993 b: Coleoptera Nitidulidae - Kateretidae. Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 32. Calderini Edizione, Bologna, xvi + 971 pp.","JELINEK J. & AUDISIO P. 1977: Tassonomia e distribuzione geografica di Meligethes coerulescens Kraatz e specie correlate (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae). Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino 1977 (1): 1 - 14.","AUDISIO P., JELINEK J., MARIOTTI A. & DE BIASE A. 2000: The Coleoptera Nitidulidae and Kateretidae from Anatolian, Caucasian and Middle East regions. Biogeographia, Lavori della Societa italiana di Biogeografia, Nuova Serie 21: 241 - 354.","BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE C. N. F. 1863: [new taxa]. In: GRENIER A. (ed.): Catalogue des Coleopteres de France, et materiaux pour servir a la faune des Coleopteres Francais. A. Grenier, Paris, iv + 9 - 79 + 1 - 135 pp.","EASTON A. M. 1957 a: A revision of the rotundicollis and lepidii species-groups in the genus Meligethes Stephens (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12 10: 85 - 96.","JELINEK J. & AUDISIO P. 2007: Family Nitidulidae. Pp. 459 - 491. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 935 pp."]}

3. Odontholariopsis Audisio & Cline, gen. nov. (Figs. 3 a���h) Type species. Meligethes nebulosus Reitter, 1872: 247 (by present designation) [= Odontholariopsis nebulosus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov.]. Generic description and diagnosis. Inclusive species vary greatly in size (1.4���2.8 mm length), and share the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: pubescence golden to silvery-whitish or brownish, short and fine, recumbent, sparse, never obscuring the variably colored (reddish, brown, blackish, or brown with yellowish elytra: Figs. 3a; Figs. 129���130 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO (1995)) dorsal body surface; pronotal and elytral sides narrowly flattened, typically the same color as disk. Lateral margin of pronutum and elytra with a series of usually distinct setae, each seta 0.7���0.8�� as long as those on elytral disc; posterior margin of pronotum comprising moderately long, distally trifid or tetrafid microsetae, microsetae uniformly also along middle region anterior to scutellum (Fig. 3e). Dorsal habitus: body moderately convex, variably shaped, usually moderately short and wide, oval, in some species exceptionally short and wide (Figs. 3a; Figs. 6���9 and 129���130 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); dorsal punctures on discal portion of pronotum as large as or larger than eye facets, shallowly impressed and densely distributed; anterior margin of clypeus slightly arcuately emarginate, simple, i.e. always without small distinct medial bulge, and not distinctly bordered (Fig. 3b), with circum-ocular furrows (occipital sulci) on dorsal side of head absent (Fig. 3b); eyes large and usually moderately projecting laterally (Figs. 3a, b); pronotum with faintly distinct posterior angles, rounded to obtuse and never directed posteriorly (Fig. 3a); scutellum regularly punctured in most of exposed portion; elytra with simple punctation, never transversely strigose; elytral humeral angle moderately distinct, not protruding laterally (Fig. 3a); elytral humeral striae usually not distinct; elytral pre-sutural striae visible, originating at scutellar vertex, terminating at elytral apex, and delimiting a faintly distinct, flat, not raised sutural border on each elytron, border widest at posterior third, slightly narrower than proximal width of 3 rd antennomere; elytral apices truncately rounded in both sexes (Fig. 3a); pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in both sexes (Fig. 3a; Figs. 6���9 and 129���130 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Ventral habitus: antennal furrows markedly delimited, nearly parallel-sided, or slightly divergent posteriorly; mentum subpentagonal (Fig. 3c); prosternal antennal furrows of anterior margin of prosternum scarcely raised and short, but distinct (Fig. 3c); prosternal process relatively narrow, but with strongly dilated subapical portion 2.3���2.5�� as wide as maximum width of 1 st antennomere, apex blunt (Fig. 3f); lateral borders of prosternal process delimiting shallowly impressed but distinct furrows, distally terminating before predistal lateral expansions (Fig. 3f); posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, never medially incised (Fig. 3f); moderately expressed sexual dimorphism on metaventrite, with variably developed impressions; first two visible abdominal ventrites simple in both sexes, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities simple, parallel and contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities, without arched impression of outer ���axillary��� line (as in Fig. 4k); ���axillary��� space on first abdominal ventrite moderately developed, ���axillary��� angle widely obtuse (as in Fig. 4k); small, short, and shallowly impressed arched impressions on basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite mostly concealed by distal portion of penultimate visible abdominal ventrite (Fig. 3h). Appendages: male 1 st antennomere 0.8���1.0�� as long as protibial width excluding distal teeth (Figs. 3a, c); 3 rd antennomere in both sexes peculiarly short, usually only 1.7���1.8�� as long as wide, and nearly 0.7�� as long as but distinctly thinner than 2 nd antennomere (Figs. 3a, c); 4 th and 5 th antennomeres in both sexes subequal, short, nearly as long as wide; antennal club compact, small, simple, comprising last 3 antennomeres in both sexes (8 th antennomere moderately widened, nearly 0.7�� as wide as 9 th antennomere) (Figs. 3a, c), much narrower than width of protibiae, not sexually dimorphic; labial palpi short in both sexes (Fig. 3c), terminal segment 1.4���1.5�� as long as wide; maxillary palpi moderately long and slender in both sexes (Fig. 3c), terminal segment 1.9���2.0�� as long as wide; mandible small-sized (Fig. 3c), apex typically acuminate, not sexually dimorphic; tarsal claws simple, never toothed at base (Fig. 3d); tarsi of normal size and shape, 0.6���0.7�� as long as corresponding tibiae (Figs. 3a, d); protibiae with a series of usually moderately large, uneven, scarcely acuminate teeth on lateral margin (Figs. 3a; Figs. 78���80 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); meso- and metatibiae on lateral margin bearing an apparently simple and usually even row of large and robust spurs, with peculiar U-shaped sinuosity at distal third, usually armed by additional outer spur (Fig. 3d; Figs. 91���92 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); meso- and metatibiae of variable width, usually moderately wide and flat (Fig. 3a; Figs. 6���9 and 91���92 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), never distinctly subtrapezoidal or axe-shaped; tarsal plates of prolegs moderately wider in males; strongly manifested sexual dimorphism in meso- and metafemoral shape, metafemoral margins in males bearing a single large, triangular or finger-like projection, reduced to a faintly distinct gibbosity in females (Fig. 3g; Figs. 100, 102��� 104 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Figs. 25���26 and 39 ���44 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), usually with shallow excision along distal margin, without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen and extending to medial distal V-shaped excision; median lobe of aedeagus variable, without lateral emargination, rounded, subtruncate to obtusely emarginate distally. Female genitalia (ovipositor): variably shaped, usually small; styli usually long and relatively large, simple, cylindrical, moderately pigmented, inserted close to apex of contiguous gonostyloids; each gonostyloid lightly sclerotized and more darkly pigmented distally, with a simple, never indentate outer portion of basicoxites (Figs. 48���51 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), and a single, variably shaped, pigmented and moderately sclerotized arcuate area along outer subdistal portion of gonostyloids. ���Central point��� of ovipositor usually centrally located, without proximad directed spicule. Etymology. The generic name is derived from a combination of the Greek �����������ς, ������������ς��� (= tooth), and Lariopsis, to emphasize the peculiarly shaped and toothed posterior margin of meso- and metafemora in males, and its placement within the Lariopsis generic complex. Gender masculine. Biology. All species strictly associated for larval development with inflorescences of Mesembryanthemaceae, especially Carpobrotus N. E. Br., Cephalophyllum (Haw.) N. E. Br., Ruschia Schwant., Lampranthus N. E. Br., Delosperma N. E. Br., and allied genera (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995, and unpublished data). Phylogenetic position. Odontholariopsis gen. nov. is likely more closely related to Asterogethes gen. nov., and less so to Lariopsis and Neolariopsis gen. nov., but forming with them the newly defined Lariopsis generic complex, which is supported with evidence from both adult morphology and molecular datasets (TRIZZINO et al. 2009). Phylogenetic relationships of Odontholariopsis gen. nov. with Acanthogethes, Clypeogethes, and other ancestral Meligethinae genera remain unclear, and are only weakly supported by molecular data. Taxonomy and geographic distribution. Odontholariopsis gen. nov. includes four described species distributed in Southern Africa (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Odontholariopsis aurimaculatus (Kirejtshuk & Audisio, 1995) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape Odontholariopsis haagii (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape, S Namibia Odontholariopsis nebulosus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape Odontholariopsis sphaeroideus (Kirejtshuk & Easton, 1988) comb. nov. South Africa: W and E Cape, Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Biase, Alessio De, Antonini, Gloria, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Costantini, Lorenzo, Strika, Sirio, Lamanna, Francesco & Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2009, Preliminary re-examination of genus-level taxonomy of the pollen beetle subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), pp. 341-504 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on pages 354-357, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5319334, {"references":["KIREJTSHUK A. G. & AUDISIO P. 1995: Preliminary revision of South African Meligethes subgenus Lariopsis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). Fragmenta Entomologica 27: 191 - 254.","TRIZZINO M., AUDISIO P., ANTONINI G., DE BIASE A. & MANCINI E. 2009: Comparative analysis of sequences and secondary structures of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) in pollen-beetles of the subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae): potential use of slippage-derived sequences in molecular systematics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51: 215 - 226.","KIREJTSHUK A. G. & EASTON A. M. 1988: Reviziya roda Anthystrix Kirejtshuk i novye vidy podsem. Meligethinae (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) iz yuzhnoy Afriki. [Revision of the genus Anthystrix Kirejtshuk and new species of the subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) from South Africa]. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva 70: 41 - 55 (in Russian)."]}

35. Horakia Jel��nek, 2000 (Figs. 35 a���p) Horakia Jel��nek, 2000: 413. Type species. Horakia kubani Jel��nek, 2000: 414 (by original designation). Generic redescription and diagnosis. The single known species (2.5���2.6 mm length; 1.5 mm width) exhibits the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: pubescence moderately long and fine, recumbent, golden on head and pronotum, darker on elytra, not obscuring the variably colored dorsal body surface (head and pronotal disk dark brown; elytra, pygidium and metaventrite blackish with faint metallic greenish iridescence on pronotal disc and pygidium), flattened sides of frons, and two diverging spots on posterior half of elytra (Fig. 35a) yellowish-brown; pronotal and elytral sides relatively widely flattened. SEM observations of microsetae on lateral margins of elytra and posterior margin of pronotum are unavailable. Dorsal habitus: body slightly convex, wide and oval (Fig. 35a); dorsal punctures on discal portion of pronotum smaller than eye facet, shallowly impressed and sparsely distributed; anterior margin of clypeus emarginate, simple, i.e. without small distinct medial bulge, fused with frons; frons with lateral margins moderately bulging over antennal insertions (Fig. 35a); circum-ocular furrows (occipital sulci) on dorsal side of head (occipital sulci) absent; eyes small-sized and moderately projecting laterally (Fig. 35a), pronotum with markedly distinct posterior angles, subrectangular to slightly acute, slightly directed posteriorly (Fig. 35a); scutellum densely punctate on most of exposed portion; elytral punctation almost completely finely transversely strigose; elytral humeral angle obtuse, not protruding laterally; elytral humeral striae indistinct; elytra apically truncately rounded in males (Fig. 35a), female unknown; pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in males (Fig. 35a). Ventral habitus: antennal furrows delimited by moderately bulged genae, arcuately convergent posteriorly (Fig. 35b); mentum subpentagonal; prosternal antennal furrows on anterior margin of prosternum absent (Fig. 35b); prosternal process flat, moderately narrow, shallowly arcuately emarginate apically (Fig. 35d), subapical dilated portion ~1.5�� as wide as maximum width of 1 st antennomere; lateral borders of prosternal process not delimiting impressed furrows, distally terminating at predistal lateral expansions (Fig. 35d); posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, not medially incised; sexual dimorphism likely absent in impressions on metaventrite, absent in males; first two visible abdominal ventrites simple in males, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities simple, parallel and contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities; arched impressions on basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite absent. Appendages: male 1 st antennomere ~1.0�� as long as width of protibiae (Fig. 35a); 3 rd antennomere long and thin in males, ~5�� longer than wide, 3.5�� longer and much thinner than 2 nd antennomere (Fig. 35p); 4 th antennomere relatively short, 2�� longer than wide, 5 th antennomere long and thin in males, ~4�� longer than wide; antennal club compact, long, moderately loose, comprising last 4 antennomeres in males (unknown, but presumably 3- segmented in females), wider than protibiae; labial palpi long and slender in both sexes (Fig. 35b), terminal segment ~2.7�� as long as wide; maxillary palpi long and slender in both sexes (Fig. 35b), terminal segment ~3.4�� as long as wide; mandibles mid-sized, apex arcuate and acuminate with subapical tooth; tarsal claws simple, not toothed at base; tarsi of normal size and shape, 0.6���0.7�� as long as corresponding tibiae (Fig. 35a); protibiae with a series of small, fine, sharp teeth on apical portion of lateral margin (Fig. 35k), almost rectilinear outer margins and flatly arcuate inner margins; lateral margin of meso- and metatibiae bearing a single and regular row of long thin pegs (Figs. 35m, n), without U-shaped sinuosity at distal third; meso- and metatibiae moderately long and slender, not markedly subtrapezoidal or axeshaped; tarsal plates of prolegs moderately wide in males; posterior margins of metafemora simple in males, without tubercles or projections. Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Figs. 35e���f), with deep and wide V-shaped excision along distal margin, without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen extending to medial distal V-shaped excision; median lobe of aedeagus long, without lateral emargination, sharply acuminate distally, without distal minute excision or emargination; main sclerites of internal sac small, narrow, lyriform, moderately sclerotized, ~4���5�� shorter than aedeagus (Fig. 35g). Female genitalia (ovipositor): unknown. Etymology. Horakia was named for a Czech entomologist, Jan Hor��k (Prague), who collected the type specimens in Thailand (JEL��NEK 2000a). Gender feminine. Biology. The biology of the single inclusive species is unknown (JEL��NEK 2000a). Both specimens in the type series were collected in indigenous mountain forests of northern Thailand on inflorescences of large trees of a local species of Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach (Fagaceae), which is attractive to beetles in general. Horakia larvae may be associated with male inflorescences of a mountain forest palm (Arecaceae), as analogously observed in the two related genera Kabakovia and Cryptarchopria known from the region. The specific host is probably the Mountain fishtail palm, Caryota gigas W. J. Hahn ex Hodel, which is a large, endangered species that inhabits middle altitude (1200���1800 m a.s.l.) indigenous forests of northern Thailand and northeastern India, Myanmar (Burma), southern China, and Laos (RIFFLE 2008). However this assumption is speculative and requires further fieldwork to substantiate. Phylogenetic position. Available morphological data provide good evidence of a sister-group relationship of Horakia and Cryptarchopria, with Kabakovia being likely sister to this clade (JEL��NEK 2000a). A weaker relationship to members of Meligethinus could also be postulated. No molecular data is currently available. Taxonomy and geographic distribution. This genus includes a single species from northernwestern Thailand (JEL��NEK 2000a). Horakia kubani Jel��nek, 2000 NW Thailand, Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Biase, Alessio De, Antonini, Gloria, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Costantini, Lorenzo, Strika, Sirio, Lamanna, Francesco & Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2009, Preliminary re-examination of genus-level taxonomy of the pollen beetle subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), pp. 341-504 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on pages 467-469, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5319334, {"references":["JELINEK J. 2000 a: New genus and species of Oriental Meligethinae with new observations on the genera Cryptarchopria and Kabakovia (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). European Journal of Entomology 97: 413 - 418.","RIFFLE L. R. 2008: Timber Press Pocket Guide to Palms. Timber Press, Portland, USA, 237 pp."]}

2. Asterogethes Audisio & Cline, gen. nov. (Figs. 2 a���n) Type species. Meligethes arcuatus Reitter, 1872: 252 (by present designation) [= Asterogethes arcuatus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov.]. Generic description and diagnosis. Inclusive species vary greatly in size (1.7���3.6 mm length), and share the following combination of characters. Body color and pubescence: pubescence golden to silvery-whitish, moderately elongate, suberect, partially obscuring the variably colored (yellowish, reddish, brown, blackish-brown, or brown with yellow spots on elytra: Figs. 2a, b) dorsal body surface; pronotal and elytral sides strongly narrowed and flat, yellowish and frequently paler than pronotal disk. Lateral margin of pronotum and elytra with series of long, erect setae (Fig. 2d), each seta usually as long as those on elytral disc; posterior margin of pronotum comprising moderately long, usually distally trifid or tetrafid microsetae (Fig. 2m), microsetae also uniformly distributed on middle region anterior to scutellum. Dorsal habitus: body moderately convex, variably shaped, moderately short and wide, oval, or more narrow and parallel-sided (Figs. 2a, b); dorsal punctures on pronotal disc larger than eye facets, usually deeply impressed and densely distributed; anterior margin of clypeus moderately arcuately emarginate, simple, i.e. without small distinct bulge at middle, and not bordered (Figs. 2a, b, c), with circum-ocular furrows (occipital sulci) on dorsal side of head absent (Fig. 2c); eyes large and usually moderately projecting laterally (Figs. 2a, b, c); pronotum with faintly distinct posterior angles, rounded to obtuse and never directed posteriorly (Figs. 2a, b); scutellum regularly punctate in most of exposed region; elytra with simple punctation, never transversely strigose; elytral humeral angle faintly distinct, not protruding laterally (Figs. 2a, b); elytral humeral striae not distinct; elytral pre-sutural striae visible, originating at scutellar vertex, terminating at elytral apex, and delimiting a faintly distinct, flat, not raised sutural border on each elytron, border widest at posterior third, slightly narrower than proximal width of 3 rd antennomere; elytral apices truncately rounded in both sexes (Fig. 2a); pygidium partially exposed, moderately convex, apically rounded in both sexes (Figs. 2a, b). Ventral habitus: antennal furrows distinctly delimited, nearly parallel-sided, or slightly diverging posteriorly; mentum subpentagonal (Fig. 2d); antennal prosternal furrows on anterior margin of prosternum nearly obliterated (Fig. 2d); prosternal process relatively narrow, but subapical portion strongly dilated, 2.4���2.6�� as wide as maximum width of 1 st antennomere, with arcuately convex apex (Fig. 2n); posterior margin of mesoventrite simple, never incised at middle (Fig. 2n); lateral borders of prosternal process not delimiting furrows, terminating at base of prosternal process (Fig. 2n); sexual dimorphism variable but usually distinctly manifested, frequently with more or less distinct impressions on metaventrite in males; first two visible abdominal ventrites simple in both sexes, without tufts of setae; caudal marginal lines of metacoxal cavities always simple, parallel and contiguous to posterior margin of metacoxal cavities, without deep arched impression of outer ���axillary��� line (Fig. 2f); ���axillary��� space on first abdominal ventrite moderately developed, ���axillary��� angle widely obtuse (Fig. 2f); small, short, and shallowly impressed arched impressions on basal portion of last visible abdominal ventrite, frequently covered by distal portion of penultimate visible abdominal ventrite (Fig. 2g). Appendages: male 1 st antennomere 0.7���0.9�� as long as width of protibiae, excluding distal teeth (Figs. 2a, b, d); 3 rd antennomere in both sexes usually only 1.9���2.0�� as long as wide, 0.7���0.8�� as long but distinctly thinner than 2 nd antennomere (Fig. 2d); 4 th and 5 th antennomeres in both sexes subequal, short, nearly as long as wide; antennal club compact, small, simple, no sexual dimorphism present, comprising last 3 antennomeres in both sexes (8 th antennomere moderately widened, 0.6���0.7�� as wide as 9 th antennomere) (Fig. 2k), much narrower than width of protibiae; labial palpi moderately long in both sexes (Fig. 2d), terminal segment 1.8���1.9�� as long as wide; maxillary palpi moderately long and slender in both sexes (Fig. 2d), terminal segment 2.2���2.3�� as long as wide; mandible usually small (Figs. 2a, b), ~1.2���1.3�� longer than wide, comprising moderately acuminate apex, no sexual dimorphism present; tarsal claws simple, never toothed at base (as in Fig. 3d); tarsi of variable size and shape, 0.6���0.8�� as long as corresponding tibiae (Figs. 2a, b); protibiae with a series of usually large, basally widened, uneven, more or less sharp teeth on lateral margin (Figs. 2a, b; Figs. 126 a���e in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995); meso- and metatibiae with lateral margin bearing a nearly double and usually uneven row of large and robust spurs (Fig. 2h), without U-shaped sinuosity at distal third; meso- and metatibiae moderately slender, flat (Figs. 2a, b), never distinctly subtrapezoidal or axe-shaped; sexual dimorphism variably expressed in metatibiae, i.e. simple or distinctly sinuate in males (Figs. 2a, b; Figs. 87���90 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), and with tarsal plates of prolegs slightly wider in males; posterior margin of male metafemora with 2���3 minute tubercles (Fig. 2e; Figs. 101, 105 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Male genitalia: processes along inner side of parameres absent (Figs. 21���24 and 27���28 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), distal margin nearly transversely truncate, and without deep median longitudinal desclerotization from proximal portion of tegmen to medial distal Vshaped excision; median lobe of aedeagus without lateral emargination, bluntly acuminate anteriorly, without distal minute emargination. Female genitalia (ovipositor): variably shaped, usually small; styli usually short but distinct, simple, cylindrical, subtruncate, not distinctly pigmented, inserted at apex of nearly contiguous gonostyloids; lateral portion of basicoxites simple, never indentate (Figs. 52���54 in KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995), and faintly distinct arcuate area along lateral subdistal portion of gonostyloids. ���Central point��� of ovipositor centrally located, proximally directed spicule absent. Etymology. The generic name is derived from the host-plant family of all inclusive species, i.e. Asteraceae, and from ���- gethes ���, emphasizing the association with this botanical family as well as its phylogenetic relationship with Meligethes. Gender masculine. Biology. The three inclusive species are strictly associated for larval development with inflorescences (capitula) of Asteraceae, in particular Arctotis L., Osteospermum L., Dimorphoteca Vaill. ex Moench, Othonna L., and allied genera (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995; AUDISIO unpublished data). Phylogenetic position. Asterogethes gen. nov. is closely related to Odontholariopsis gen. nov., Neolariopsis gen. nov., and Lariopsis, with which it forms the newly circumscribed Lariopsis - complex of genera. This complex is supported by evidence from both adult morphology and molecular data (TRIZZINO et al. 2009). But phylogenetic relationships of Asterogethes gen. nov. with Acanthogethes, Clypeogethes, and other ancestral Meligethinae remain unclear. Taxonomy and geographic distribution. Asterogethes gen. nov. includes three species with the following restricted distributions in Southern Africa (KIREJTSHUK & AUDISIO 1995). Asterogethes arcuatus (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape Asterogethes endroedyi (Kirejtshuk & Audisio, 1995) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape, S Namibia Asterogethes rufiventris (Reitter, 1872) comb. nov. South Africa: W Cape, Published as part of Audisio, Paolo, Cline, Andrew Richard, Biase, Alessio De, Antonini, Gloria, Mancini, Emiliano, Trizzino, Marco, Costantini, Lorenzo, Strika, Sirio, Lamanna, Francesco & Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2009, Preliminary re-examination of genus-level taxonomy of the pollen beetle subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), pp. 341-504 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49 (2) on pages 351-354, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5319334, {"references":["KIREJTSHUK A. G. & AUDISIO P. 1995: Preliminary revision of South African Meligethes subgenus Lariopsis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Meligethinae). Fragmenta Entomologica 27: 191 - 254.","TRIZZINO M., AUDISIO P., ANTONINI G., DE BIASE A. & MANCINI E. 2009: Comparative analysis of sequences and secondary structures of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) in pollen-beetles of the subfamily Meligethinae (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae): potential use of slippage-derived sequences in molecular systematics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51: 215 - 226."]}