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Objective: To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection of population and its risk factors in Eastern Dongting Lake area in 2012 and 2014, so as to provide the reference for formulating effective intervention measures., Methods: Junshan District was selected as a study field in Eastern Dongting Lake area. The method of spatial autocorrelation analysis was applied to analyze the change of spatial distribution of Schistosoma infection in Junshan District in 2012 and 2014. The spatial regression model was fitted to detect the risk factors for human infection., Results: The livestock infection rate in 2013 was lower than that in 2011. The average infection rate of schistosome was reduced to 0.55% in 2014. The spatial autocorrelation existed on the distribution of schistosomiasis in Junshan District in both 2012 and 2014 and 4 high incidence villages were identified. The results of the spatial error model showed that the prevalence of human infection was positively correlated with the infection rate of the livestock and the area of the susceptible environment in 2012. The spatial lag model showed that the prevalence of human schistosomiasis was positively correlated with the area of the susceptible environment, but not with the infection rate of livestock., Conclusions: The measures involving grazing prohibition and phasing out cattle and sheep are remarkably effective and should continue on the basis of the current spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in this area.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of helminthic infections including Schistosoma japonicum , Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and find out the association among them in a rural community of southwestern China., Methods: A community-based cross sectional study was conducted. One town was selected randomly; the infections of S.japonicum , A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura were detected with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method and HIV infection with the diagnostic Test Kit among all residents. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the related risk factors., Results: Among the participants, the infection rates of HIV, S.japonicum , A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura were 2.33%, 2.05%, 13.47% and 30.59% respectively; 7.08% (31/438) were infected with both A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura ; 0.23% (1/438) were co-infected with HIV and A.lumbricoides , and the same with HIV and T.trichiura. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex (male, OR =3.26, 95% CI ：0.97, 10.95) and drug abuse ( OR =72.86, 95% CI ：18.51, 286.76) were significantly associated with HIV infection. Home toilet was negatively related to A.lumbricoides infection ( OR =0.52, 95% CI ：0.27, 0.98) and T.trichiura infection ( OR =0.48, 95% CI ：0.28, 0.80). Compared with the people in Villages Four, the people living in Village One were at a higher risk for A.lumbricoides infection ( OR =3.14, 95% CI ：1.35, 7.27), and compared with the people living in Village Four, the people living in Village Two and Village Three were more likely to be infected with T.trichiura ( OR =3.73, 95% CI ：1.92, 7.26; OR =4.53, 95% CI ：2.12, 9.68). The people aged between 11 and 20 years had a higher T.trichiura infection risk than the people aged more than 50 years ( OR = 3.72, 95% CI ：1.59, 8.67). There was a significant association between A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura infections ( OR = 3.11, 95% CI ：1.63, 5.93). There was no association between S.japonicum infection and related factors above mentioned., Conclusions: The infection rates of HIV, S.japonicum , A.lumbricoides and especially T.trichiura were rather high in this area, and therefore, the prevention and treatment of these diseases should be strengthened. Further studies on the relationship between HIV and the infections of helminths, especially S.japonicum are needed.