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Starch paste is an adhesive that is used in the field of book and paper conservation. This adhesive has a very short shelf life, and for this reason, it must be prepared in small quantities. Also, preparing starch paste for use in protection is a time-consuming process. This research was done with the aim of facilitating the use of starch paste in the conservation of paper works, long-term storage of starch pastes without fungicidal additives and increasing its durability in the long term without changing the quality of the adhesive. The application of fresh starch pastes and activated starch film increased the pH of the samples coated by these adhesives compared to the control samples without adhesive. The samples covered by the activated starch film after moist-heat aging and light aging had the highest pH compared to other samples. The samples coated with fresh starch paste showed the lowest amount of color changes (ΔE*) after moist-heat aging and light aging, respectively. Application of fresh starch paste and activated starch film increased the tensile strength of the samples. After aging, the tensile strength of the samples decreased compared to the previous stage, but the tensile strength of the samples covered by these adhesives increased compared to the control samples without adhesives. The adhesion of the samples decreased after aging. The samples coated with fresh starch paste had the highest adhesion after light aging. Also, after moist-heat aging, the samples covered by the activated starch film had the highest amount of adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the practical advantages and potential applications of spray adhesives, focusing on testing their suitability for artwork mounting uses. Their solubility in common low-toxicity solvents (ethanol and acetone) was evaluated. Seven commercial spray adhesives from different commercial brands and compositions were applied on paper samples and subjected to different ageing conditions. The samples were then immersed in the solvent, and the degree of adhesive removal was measured. One of the most relevant conclusions is that commercial neoprene-based spray adhesives become brittle and fragile in a few weeks, which makes them unsuitable for both long-term and temporary applications in the heritage field. On the other hand, the solubility was high or very high in some cases: up to 98 % of adhesive removal was achieved in acetone wash. These tests and the convenience, cost and availability of spray adhesives suggest that some of them may be safely used in some scenarios such as temporary mountings or transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formaldehyde-free adhesives are gaining attention due to their compatibility with green production methods. Decorative base paper (DBP) is known for its physical strength and printability and has a high ability for absorbing aldehyde-free adhesives for impregnation. In this paper, DBP was prepared with TiO2 and SiO2 combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where the amount of TiO2 was reduced in the pulp process. The prepared DBP was impregnated by aldehyde-free adhesive and hot-pressed on wood-based panels. The results showed that upon SiO2 coating, the surface smoothness of base paper increased by 132.3 %, whereas the tensile strength increased by 33.6 %. Furthermore, the colour density of cyan, magenta, yellow and black colours increased by 75.4 %, 99.2 %, 51.9 % and 90.5 %, respectively. The surface properties like surface bonding strength and wear resistance of the covered wood-based panels were found to satisfy the standard requirements, which indicates the products can be used for furniture products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to satisfying a book binding criterion, the paperback should provide content moments. Its binding style must be adjusted to book purpose. In publishing longruns production, the perfect (adhesive) binding style with flexible hotmelt provides optimal binding durability with reasonable book price. Paperback should appeal to everyone through its visual-tactile senses. Taking the required actions in binding quality realization keeps track of comprehensive knowledge on various standardized paper substates (EN643:G3) that need to be wisely joined to realize perfect binding technique practices effectively. Moreover, designer technological awareness gained by experience provides potentials to understanding binding ability principles. The conducted research gives specific answers regarding paper cohesive capacity impact on consistency changes of adhesive bound book. It was concluded that higher paper drape capacity leads to increase of single sheet paper tension. Inappropriate bound book constructing was achieved although the flexible adhesive was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in the drug supply pose serious threats to public health. Much of these compounds enter the United States through shipping routes. Here we provide a method for fentanyl screening and analysis that utilizes pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) lined paper to recover drug residues from parcel‐related surfaces. The paper used is commercially available repositionable notes (also called post‐it or sticky notes). From this paper, mass spectra were obtained by paper spray‐mass spectrometry (PS‐MS), where PSA paper served as both a sampling and analysis substrate. Seven fentanyl‐related compounds were analyzed: fentanyl, 4‐anilino‐N‐phenethylpiperidine (4‐ANPP), N,1‐diphenethyl‐N‐phenylpiperidin‐4‐amine (phenethyl‐4‐ANPP), valerylfentanyl, 4‐fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl (4‐FIBF), carfentanil, and p‐fluorofentanyl. These compounds were recovered by PSA paper and identified by PS‐MS from packaging tape and plastic at 50 ng and from cardboard and shipping labels at 100 ng. The impact of cutting agents on PS‐MS analysis of fentanyl analogs was explored. No trends of analyte suppression were found at high concentrations of the cutting agents caffeine, diphenhydramine, and lidocaine when recovered from surfaces. A cartridge that required no precise cutting of PSA paper prior to sampling or analysis was evaluated for use in PS‐MS for fentanyl screening. Recovery and detection of fentanyl from plastic sheeting was demonstrated with this cut‐free cartridge. The cut‐free cartridge showed somewhat less consistency and lower analyte signal than the standard cartridge, but performance was suitable for potential screening applications. In combining PSA surface sampling with PS‐MS for drug screening, both sampling and detection of fentanyl‐related compounds is simple, rapid, and low‐cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research is to facilitate the use of starch paste in the restoration of paper works. Especially the works where ink and colors used are not sensitive to water. In this research, starch paste with a ratio of 3 to 1 (3 parts paste and 1 part water) was used. The use of starch paste increased the pH of the samples coated with this paste compared to the control samples without paste. The samples coated with starch paste had the lowest pH after moist-heat aging compared to other samples. The samples coated with starch paste showed the lowest amount of color changes (AE) after moist-heat aging and light aging, respectively. The use of starch paste increased the tensile strength of the samples. After light aging and moist heat aging, the tensile strength of the samples decreased compared to the previous stage, but the tensile strength of the samples coated with starch paste increased compared to the control samples without paste. The results of the adhesion resistance test of the samples showed that the amount of adhesion of the samples decreased to a greater extent after moist-heat aging compared to light aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Kozo fibres were fibrillated using the stone wet milling method and the wet atomisation method both deriving from nanocellulose production processes. Kozo fibres with a high degree of external fibrillation were obtained by using the stone mill wet grinding method. Although fibres exhibited the same structure as untreated Kozo fibres, their bonding properties improved. Applying the wet atomisation method, fibrillated Kozo fibres with different degrees of fibrillation were obtained depending on the number of treatments. Fibrillated Kozo fibres can be used in conservation as an adhesive for lining and other stabilisation treatments and may in certain cases replace starch paste, which is susceptible to microbiological damage. Only Kozo fibres and water were used in both mechanical fibrillation methods; therefore, the resulting material can be considered a safe alternative to more traditional adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel silica coated paper substrate is developed through a facile vacuum filtration method by using the commercially available silica particles as the coating material and corn starch as the adhesive agent. Unlike the commercial silica coated paper (namely grade SG81 paper), the resulting paper substrate was covered by a layer of silica particles on the top side of the paper, and no cellulosic fibers were exposed at its surface. After loading a solution sample on its surface, the coated silica particles allowed the target analytes to remain at the top side rather than penetration through the substrate. Owing to this effect and the special interactions with analytes, the as-prepared silica coated paper demonstrated superior performance in the analysis of different pesticides in milk using paper spray mass spectrometry to the uncoated filter paper and grade SG81 paper. Compared to the other two papers, paper spray analysis using the as-prepared paper improved the estimated lower limit of quantitation of seven pesticides (alachlor, acetochlor, pretilachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, napropamid and benzeneacetamide) in milk by a factor of 2 to 19-fold depending on the pesticide. This study offers a novel paper substrate for paper spray in high sensitivity analysis of target analytes in a complex foodstuff matrix without any pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Akdeniz Sanat is the property of Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of paper properties on the strength of starch gluing for Kraft sack papers has been investigated. We analyzed the effect of surface roughness, wettability and glue penetration. Surface roughness was found not to be related to gluing strength, also surface wetting measured by contact angle showed only a weak relation. Liquid penetration measured by ultrasound (ULP) was found to have a substantial correlation to gluing strength. Comparing ULP liquid penetration speed with actual glue uptake during the gluing process we found that they are only moderately connected. We are attributing this to the fact that the penetration and spreading of the glue on the paper is driven by applying an external pressure during the gluing process, which is not the case for the liquid penetration measurement. Investigating how asymmetrical glue penetration affects gluing strength we found that the relationship was low. The best indication for gluing strength turned out to be the surface wetting/substrate swelling parameter from the ultrasonic liquid penetration measurement. We conclude that the main parameter capturing gluing strength combines the influence of fiber wetting and penetration of the glue into the fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instead of using finite petroleum-based resources and harmful additives, starch can be used as a biodegradable, low-cost, and non-toxic ingredient for green adhesives. This work employs K3PO4 catalyzed transesterifications of cassava starch and methyl laurate at varying reaction times (1–10 h), resulting in the enhanced hydrophobicity of starch laurates. At longer reaction times, starch laurates having higher degrees of substitution (DS) were obtained. While starch laurates are the major products of transesterification, relatively low-molecular-weight byproducts (1%) were detected and could be hydrolyzed starches based on gel permeation chromatography results. Contact angle measurements confirmed the relatively high hydrophobicity of the modified starches compared with that of native starch. The modified starches were then employed to prepare water-based adhesives on paper (without any additional additives). Notably, the shear strength of the esterified starch adhesives appears to be independent of the DS of esterified samples, hence the transesterification reaction times. Additionally, the shear strength of water-based adhesives (0.67–0.73 MPa) for bonding to paper substrates is superior to that of two other commercially available glues by a factor of 10 to 80 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the implementation of results from a test series exploring non-aqueous facing methods in paper conservation (Bedenikovic 2018). The lessons learnt during the systematic study of different materials and methods were applied in a real-life conservation situation, and findings from the test series could be complemented with observations made in practice. The case study will discuss the conservation of a seventeenth century drawing damaged by ink corrosion. The severely degraded, brittle paper had to be secured with a facing before it could be removed from the mounting board. Adhesives introduced during earlier treatments posed additional challenges during the conservation process. A facing made of Rayon, coated with 2.5 % Klucel® G in water and reactivated with 96 % ethanol stabilized the drawing effectively during treatment and could be easily removed without damaging the object's surface or leaving residues behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the industrial success of bio-based adhesives remains limited, despite the growing interest in these compounds. One example is the use of lignosulfonates (LS), a byproduct from the pulp and paper industry, which requires long pressing times to ensure proper performance for wood-based panel production. This study successfully manufactured particleboards using a low press factor of 7.5 s/mm, commonly used for conventional urea-formaldehyde resins on a lab scale. To the best of our knowledge, lignin-based particleboards have never been reported using such low press factors. Thus, 3-layer boards were manufactured in which the core layer was bonded with polymeric isocyanate (pMDI), and the surface layers were bonded with LS. Propylene carbonate (PC) was used as a solvent for pMDI to improve adhesive distribution. The optimum amounts of adhesive were determined using response surface methodology: 1.3% pMDI with 2.2% PC in the core layer and 15% LS in the surface layers. These boards obeyed the requirements of standard EN 312 for general-purpose boards for use in dry conditions (type P1). Their formaldehyde content, determined through the perforator method, was equal to that of the wood mix at the maximum value set by IKEA for class E0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper based assays are paving the way to automated, simplified, robust and cost-effective point of care testing (POCT). We propose a method for fabricating three dimensional (3D) microfluidic paper based analytical devices (μPADs) via combining thin adhesive films and paper folding, which avoids the use of cellulose powders and the complex folding sequence and simultaneously permits assays in several layers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, a 3DμPADs was designed to conduct more assays on a small footprint, allowing dual colorimetric and electrochemical detections. More importantly, we further developed a 3D platform for implementing automated and multiplexed ELISA in parallel, since ELISA, a routine and standard laboratory method, has rarely been used in practical analyses outside of the laboratory. In this configuration, complex and multistep diagnostic assays can be carried out with the addition of the sample and buffer in a simple fashion. Using Troponin I as model, the device showed a broad dynamic range of detection with a detection limit of 0.35 ng/mL. Thus, the developed platforms allow for various assays to be cost-effectively carried out on a single 3D device, showing great potential in an academic setting and point of care testing under resource-poor conditions. fx1 • Based on thin adhesive films and paper folding, 3D paper devices were assembled. • A paper device was developed to allow dual colorimetric and electrochemical detection. • A 3D platform was developed for implementing automated and multiplexed ELISA in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, barium sulfate (BS) fibers with a three‐level nanorod‐assembled hierarchical structure have been synthesized in a large scale by the barium oleate precursor hydrothermal method. A new kind of anti‐acid and anti‐alkali fire‐resistant BS inorganic paper has been developed using BS fibers, glass fibers and inorganic adhesive, and it has advantages such as high flexibility, good tensile strength, excellent fire‐resistant properties, excellent corrosion resistance to strong acids and strong alkalis. It is expected that the anti‐acid anti‐alkali fire‐resistant BS paper has promising applications under various high‐temperature and harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between paper and pressure-sensitive adhesive was investigated by peel adhesion testing. The paper/adhesive peel curves were analyzed by plotting the logarithm of the peak peel force (i.e. the maximum value) against the logarithm of the peel rate, yielding two linear segments: a peel-rate-dependent interfacial failure domain and a rate-independent paper failure domain. Three independent parameters were extracted from these plots, namely, the interfacial peel force (Fin) at a low peel rate of 1 mm/min, the maximum peel force (Fc) and the slope (Sp) in the plot of log (interfacial peel force) versus log (peel rate). The linkages between paper and its peel responses were analyzed using the multivariate statistical methods. The paper properties influencing peel force in interfacial failure domain were found to be primarily the paper surface chemistry, characterized by oxygen/carbon ratio (determined by XPS), and secondarily paper surface roughness. The peel force increased with oxygen/carbon ratio and with the surface roughness. The log–log slope in the interfacial failure domain was found to be independent of paper properties; it is determined by the adhesive rheology. The governing paper property in the paper failure domain was found to be the paper internal bond strength as measured by an internal (Scott) bond tester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different types of waste melamine impregnated paper (WMIP) were generated in the manufactured coated board product plants. First one is obtained when the neat décor papers were impregnated (in the impregnation line) with melamine urea formaldehyde and other chemicals (WMIP1). The second one is generated during the coating of the melamine impregnated papers on the board surfaces (WMIP2). In this study, the utilization of both WMIPs in the production of particleboard as an adhesivereplacement was investigated. First, waste melamine impregnated papers (WMIPs) granulated into flour form using Pulverizator with cooling capabilities. Then, they were dry-mixed with surface and core layer particles at 10% or 15% loadings. Three different WMIPs (WMIP1, WMIP2 or their mixtures - 70% WMIP1+30% WMIP2) were used as adhesive-replacement. Mechanical properties including bending strength, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength and surface stability of the samples were determined according to EN 310, EN 319 and EN 317 standards, respectively. Based on the results, the type of WMIP had significant effect on all mechanical properties investigated. Particleboards produced with both 10% and 15% of WMIP1 loading provided adequate results for the related standards. The best result was obtained when 15% of WMIP1 was used. It is concluded that WMIP1 might be used as an adhesive-replacement in particleboard manufacturing and may provide economic and environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemicellulose materials are arguably the second most abundant renewable component of lignocellulosic biomass after cellulose. They are relatively under-utilized hetero-polysaccharides present in lignocellulosic biomass. In this research an alkaline treatment was optimized for extraction of polymeric hemicellulose from fully bleached hardwood pulp (B-HWP) and partially delignified switchgrass (SWG). The hemicellulose extracted from B-HWP was relatively pure with zero percent lignin and 89.5% xylose content whereas the partially delignified SWG hemicellulose contained about 6-3% lignin and 72–82% xylose, depending on the NaOH concentration during extraction (3–17% NaOH solution). A maximum molecular weight of SWG hemicellulose of 64,300 g/mol was achieved for the 10% NaOH solution extraction, whereas the MW of B-HWP hemicellulose at 10% NaOH solution extraction was lower at 49,200 g/mol. We have demonstrated that the residual lignin in SWG hemicellulose lowered the system T g and this might be utilized as a way to increase the applications of hemicellulose in high value biomaterials. Furthermore, the hemicellulose could be crosslinked with zirconium to develop a water resistant gel for coating or adhesive applications. Our results showed that the loading stress required to break an hemicellulose based adhesive connection between two paper surfaces was 0.89, 2.02, 2.75, 3.46, and 3.11 (MPa) for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% AZC samples, indicating that up to about 8% AZC crosslinker in the hemicellulose increases the adhesive behavior of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The consolidating and adhesive properties of funori are described. • SEM analysis and mechanical tests confirm the consolidation of common and ancient paper. Aim of the present work was to deepen the knowledge on the effects of funori on cellulose fibers with particular attention paid to their consolidation. Compared to canvas, paper samples (untreated or artificially aged) show different fiber packaging and liquid-absorbing properties. Herein, we conducted observations of cellulose fibers by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate the seaweed extraction method employed in this work, as well the consolidation action had on the fibers through multiple additions of the prepared solutions. Surface homogeneity and fiber stiffness observed by us increased over time and the fibers, initially frayed and disordered, were eventually incorporated into the purified funori after several solution additions accompanied also by a progressive occlusion of the pores. The achieved consolidation effect was confirmed by means of mechanical tests. Moreover, the method herein developed was slightly modified in view of the application of the funori solution to a cultural asset of historical and botanical interest, still scarcely studied. Electronic microscopy allowed us to evaluate the consolidation and gluing effect obtained through subsequent funori applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was introduced to evaluate the quality of fiber material from paper for recycling. The new concept, fiber integrity value, its components, and its relationship with paper strength properties were examined in more detail. The effect of deinking and screening on fiber integrity value, and its component parameters was shown. The fiber integrity value is closely connected to the strength potential of the pulp. It was shown that when the bonding degree was also considered, there was very good correlation with the tensile strength, tensile stiffness, and compressive strength (SCT) values. The fiber integrity value concept can be determined based on data from in-line analyzers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional wood-based panels composed of wood and petroleum based adhesives is widely used in furniture manufacturing and construction industries. However, these adhesives are not biodegradable, inhibiting the recycling of artificial board. More seriously, the emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde will lead to severe pollution and environmental issues. This study presents a method for preparing self-bonding composites. Waste poplar powder is used as raw material in the biocomposite, in which exogenous lignin is added, and lignin is extracted from the waste of the paper industry - black liquor, which is beneficial to the environment and the recycling of resources. The resulting biocomposites are characterized by aldehyde-free, better strength, and water stability. The dimensional stability and mechanical strength, bending strength (84.40 MPa), and tensile strength (35.40 MPa) of the biocomposite are 2.0 and 1.6 times that of composites obtained by hot pressing without pretreatment and are 2.7 and 2.4 times that of medium density fiberboard (MDF), lignin plays an important role as an adhesive, which is the key to improving mechanical properties. Moreover, the biocomposite features higher water stability and fire resistance than the traditional wood fiberboard. In conclusion, the developed black liquor-wood biocomposites are potential alternatives used to replace the formaldehyde wood-based fiberboard. [Display omitted] • An aldehyde-free wood-based panel was prepared by a resource-saving method. • The flexural and tensile strengths are 84.40 MPa and 35.40 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of paper lining in conservation and mounting of East Asian paintings. Topics include details on the weak materials of paper and silk and their use in paintings, details on the various available methods of paper lining, the role of paper lining in providing support to a painting by reinforcing its silk or paper substrate, details on the different papers used in lining techniques, details on the different adhesives used in lining such as wheat starch paste, and details on Chinese style lining.

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins are widely used for the gluing and surface coating of wood-based consumer products in the interior design of living environments. MF resins are especially relevant in decorative laminate applications because of their good performance-to-price ratio. In their industrial processing, an important intermediate state is the liquid MF prepolymer that is used for decorative paper impregnation. Here, the drying of impregnated papers is investigated with respect to premature curing. A new method to quantify water release upon drying that allows estimation of the degree of undesired precuring is described. Since curing proceeds via polycondensation, crosslinking brings about the release of water molecules. By thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), drying was studied in terms of water release due to physical drying (elimination of 'dilution water') and chemical crosslinking of the prepolymer to a three-dimensional MF network (elimination of chemically liberated water). The results obtained by TGA/IR spectroscopic analysis of the liberated volatiles show that the emission of water from b-stage MF can be clearly analytically separated into a physical (evaporation of dilution water) and a chemical (liberation via condensation) sequence. TGA experiments were correlated with curing experiments performed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to estimate the residual crosslinking capacities of the impregnated papers. The drying conditions used during the preparation of impregnated decorative papers seemed to significantly affect their remaining reactivity only when harsh drying conditions were used. Upon heat exposure for prolonged time, precuring of the oligomer units results in a shift of the temperature maxima in TGA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39860. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, the effects of décor paper grammage (weight per unit area) and adhesive type on the tearing index, breaking length, and mechanical (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) of the decorative papers, and surface quality (abrasion resistance) properties of the overlaid particleboard panels were investigated. As the raw décor paperweight was increased, the properties of the paper, and mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of the overlaid panels were significantly improved. It appears that the décor paper grammage is the parameter, other than scratch resistance, which determines the end use of the particleboard surfaces with décor paper. While the adhesive type was found to influence the abrasion resistance, it did not statistically affect the mechanical properties of particleboard. In addition, melamine formaldehyde caused better abrasion resistance than did the urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]